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Research is a journey towards the search for infinite knowledge both in modern
and social sciences which are always unfinished processes.
Research allows us to identify problems in treatment and find solutions.
In the field of business, research has been undertaken to serve as a voice on key
national issues by providing research-based information to the commercial and
industrial sectors as well as services, such as product, consumer advertising and
image studies, public opinion polls, labor and employment data, viewership and
listenership of mass communication, and information for local and foreign
investors.
Great interest to the researcher- should ask about a relationship of two or more
variables.
Practical value and contribution- should be clearly stated.
Novelty – should be stated in question form, or alternatively in the form of an
implicit question.
Completed in allotted time desired- should be testable by empirical methods-
possible to collect data to answer the questions asked.
No ethical or moral impediments- should not represent a moral or ethical
position.
7. List down certain factors in the selection of a research problem. Discuss briefly each
factor.
1.Clear and unambiguous:
Clarity in the research problem selected. It should not give scope for divergent
expressions and thus become confusing.
2. Logical and systematic:
research is guided by logic or reasoning. The problem must be amenable for
studying a specified step or in a specified sequence, in accordance with the well-
defined set of rules and methods.
3. Empirical:
Research is always related to one or more aspects of real situations and hence
deals with concrete data that provides a basis for external validity to research
results. Therefore, the problem should be such as to take realities into
consideration.
5. Verifiable:
Verifiability is said to be the chief characteristic of physical and natural sciences.
Even in social science, the problem chosen for study should not look absurd.
6.Interesting:
The problem selected for study must be interesting to the researcher and to the
society at large.
8. What is a good researcher? Cite some of the qualifications of a good researcher according
to various authors.
A good research is frank. In other words, it lists the flaws in the research and
also explains the impact of such flaws on research results.
Unbiasedness: Personal prejudice should not enter into his research. He should
be unbiased in collecting and interpreting the results.
Technology savvy: In the current times it is very important that a good researcher
should have an understanding of various analytical tools and software available to
analyze his data. He should not use them simply to make his research look
glamorous but also understand the appropriateness of their use.
a. Good (1956)
“ideally, the careful, unbiased investigation of a problem, based in so far as
possible, upon demonstrable facts and involving refined distinctions, interpretations,
and usually some generalizations.”
b. Kerlinger (1973)
“a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical
propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena.”
c. Crawford (1946)
“Research is simply a systematic and refined technique of thinking, employing
specialized tools, instruments, and procedures in order to obtain a more adequate
solution of a problem that would be possible under ordinary means. It starts with a
problem, collects data or facts, analyzes these critically, and reaches decisions based
on actual evidences. It involves original work instead of a mere exercise of personal
opinion. It evolves from a genuine desire to know rather than a desire to prove
something. It is quantitative, seeking to know not only what but how much, and
measurement is therefore a central feature of it.”
e. Parel
“research is a systematic study or investigation of something for the purpose of
answering question post by a researcher.
g. Best (1981)
“the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that
may be lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in
the prediction and possibly the ultimate control of events.”
and what elements do these definitions have in common? What elements distinguish
one from the others?
From the definitions above, for me the elements that they have in common:
Research is systematic.
Research is controlled.
Research is objective, unbiased and logical.
Research is analytical.
Research is original work.
I agree. Because, just like what Crawford stated “Research is simply a systematic and
refined technique of thinking, employing specialized tools, instruments, and procedures
in order to obtain a more adequate solution of a problem that would be possible under
ordinary means. It starts with a problem, collects data or facts, analyzes these critically,
and reaches decisions based on actual evidences. It involves original work instead of a
mere exercise of personal opinion. It evolves from a genuine desire to know rather than a
desire to prove something. It is quantitative, seeking to know not only what but how
much, and measurement is therefore a central feature of it.” I agree because research is
analytical there is a critical analysis of all the data used so that there is no error in their
interpretation.
3. Make a distinction between research involving the gathering of new data from primary
sources from research using existing data for a new purpose.
Research gathers new knowledge or data from primary of first-hand sources. It is
not research when one merely restates or merely reorganizes what is already
known or what had been written research places emphasis upon the discovery of
general principles. It goes beyond the specific groups and situations investigated,
and, by, careful sampling procedures infers qualities of the entire population from
those observed in the smaller group.
6. What is the common goal shared by all research projects according to Bailey?
Choosing the research problem and stating the hypothesis
Formulating the research design
Gathering the data
Coding and analyzing the data
Interpreting the results so as to test the hypothesis.
7. A thesis is said to be the report of a scholar. Discuss the three elements that are inherent
in the word “scholar” and eight additional points that must be taken into account in order
to understand that word fully.
Every research paper should contain a central statement that the research seeks to defend
or support or discuss. It may be stated in the form of a question that needs to be discussed
or even answered or in a form of a claim that needs to be defended. In any way it cannot
be longer than one sentence and needs to be formed with clarity.
There is also a difference between the thesis/dissertation and dissertation statement. The
thesis statement is more focused on your primary argument, and it presents the readers
with what you are actually trying to prove. It tells your various states of point, and in the
end, summarizes the argument.
it is the report of a study written by the researchers who actually did the study.
the researchers describe their hypothesis or research question and the purpose of the
study.
the researchers detail their research methods.
the results of the research are reported.
the researchers interpret their results and discuss possible implications.l
10. Elucidate on the statement by Good and Scates with regard to the “basic claim of
research to acceptance.” Refer to the text for the complete statement.
Novelty and avoidance of unnecessary duplication
Practical value of the problem
Investigator’s interest in the problem
Availability of data and choice method
Training and special qualifications
Time required to investigate the problem
Cost involved in conducting the research.
Institutional or administrative cooperation.
Individual Activity No. 3
What kind of research methods are you going to use? Are they mostly:
What kinds of research methods would be best suited to the kind of research you
are undertaking and the research questions you are pursuing?