20180104+MVR+1+ME306 - 2018+introduction To Applied Thermodynamics

ME306 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
Introduction, Content, References, Evaluation Scheme & Attendance
• Venue LC 202 Section 2 Even Roll Numbers
• Class Timing Slot 1 Mon 10:35-11:30 Tue 11:35-12:30 Thu 8:30-9:25

• Instructor Prof M V Rane 2nd Floor HPL_IITB Phone 7514, Lab 4527, 4593
Course Content
• Introduction and Relevance of the Course 1
• Psychrometry and Air-conditioning Processes 3 + 1T

 Moist Air as Mixture of Ideal Gases
 Psychometric Chart
 Air-Conditioning Processes
• Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems 4 + 2T

 Three Main Types: Vapour Compression, Sorption, Reverse Brayton
 Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems (VCRS)
 Heat Pumps
 Gas Refrigeration Systems: Brayton Refrigeration Cycle
ME306 Applied Thermodynamics Lecture Presented by Prof M V Rane at IIT Bombay © Heat Pump Laboratory IITB 1 of 27
Saved as D:\Lectures\ME306+AT+2018\20180104+MVR+1+ME306_2018+Introduction to Applied Thermodynamics.pptx last updated on 04-01-2018 03:44 AM
• Quiz 1 1
• Vapour Power Plants 4 + 2T

 Modelling of VPS
 Analysis of VPS -- Rankine Cycle
 Ideal, actual with irreversibilities and ways of enhancing performance
• Gas Power Plants: Internal Combustion Engine 4 + 2T

 Engine terminology
 Air-Standard cycles: Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles
• Gas Power Plants: Gas Turbine Power Plants 4 + 2T

 Modelling gas turbine power plants
 Air-Standard Brayton cycle, improving performance using
• Quiz 2 1
• Reacting Mixtures and Combustion 3 + 1T

 Combustion fundamentals
 Fuels, stoichiometry, air fuel ratio, heat of reaction, adiabatic flame temperature
• Flow Through Nozzles 3 + 1T

 Compressible fluid flow, sonic velocity, isentropic flow, normal shock
• References
 Moran M J and Shapiro H N, “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics”, 5th Ed, John Wiley & Sons (ASIA) Pte Ltd, 2006
• Evaluation
 Quizzes Two 20%
 Attendance / Assignment / Tutorial 10%
 Mid Semester Examination 30%
 End Semester 40%
 All Quizzes and Examinations will be Closed Book
• Attendance of 80% is Mandatory As per IITB Rules Else DX Grade May be Awarded
APPLIED THERDOMYNAMIC
Some Systems and Applications
• Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems

 One needs to understand Psychrometry to appreciate and design these systems
 Air conditioners, refrigerators, heat pumps
 Air handling units for cooling, heating, dehumidifying or humidifying air
 Cooling towers for chillers, refrigeration systems, cold stores, power plants, industrial process coolers, etc.
• Power Generation Equipment

 IC Engines and Gas Turbines for providing motive power
 Automobiles, trains, ships, air crafts, rockets, etc
 IC Engines and Gas Turbines for generating electricity
 Diesel, Gas, Biogas, CNG, LPG fired Gensets
 Capacity for very small fractional kW single cylinder engines to multi-cylinder marine engines generation 5 to 20 MW power
 Typical gas turbines range form 25 kW to tens of MW capacity
 Vapour Power Systems for generating electricity
 Mainly water and in special cased organic working fluids
 Capacities range from small piston cylinder based steam or scroll expanders for fractional kW to tens of kW
 Typical large super critical steam turbine based power plants have capacity in the range of 500 to 1000 MWe
• Many Other Applications Can Benefit for Sound Understanding of Applied Thermodynamics
Course Content
WBT MEASURING DEVICES
Moran & Shapiro (2006) Figure 12.8
(a) Sling Psychrometer and (b) Aspirating Psychrometer
ME 306 Applied Thermodynamics Lecture Presented by Prof M V Rane at IIT Bombay

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 5
ME306 Applied Thermodynamics
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306\2012\Psychrometry was lastPresented by Prof atM2330
updated on 9/01/2012 V Rane
hrs at IIT Bombay © Heat Pump Laboratory IITB 5 of 27
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Moran & Shapiro (2006) Figure 12.10
ME 306 Applied Thermodynamics Lecture Presented by Prof M V Rane at IIT Bombay

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 6
ME306 Applied Thermodynamics
Saved as E:/Lectures/ME Lecture
306\2012\Psychrometry was lastPresented by Prof atM2330
updated on 9/01/2012 V Rane
hrs at IIT Bombay © Heat Pump Laboratory IITB 6 of 27
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Moran & Shapiro (2000)
Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 7 of 18

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Air In/Out 42.9 / 25.8oC Heat Duty 420 W Air Flow 45 cfm
Effectiveness 82.6% Pressure Drop 56.8 Pa
• Blower Power single blower is used to draw air from both sides 27 W
• LMTD 4.5°C (40.1°F)
• Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, Uo 18.0 W/m2K
• Effectiveness of Humidifier, εh 78.6%
• Wet Bulb Effectiveness for Indirect Evaporative Cooling, εwb 101.5%
ROTATING CONTACTING DEVICE
Technology Developed at the Heat Pump Laboratory at IIT Bombay, HPL_IITB and Licensed to FAM Technologies, Vadodara
Waste Water Vaporisers: 2,000 L/d RO Reject Water Vaporiser
• Compact System 2.4 m x 2.4 m x 2.4 m

 Basin size 2.4 m x 2.4 m
 High surface density 1,100 m2
 120 times higher than that with open ponds
• Energy Efficient Vaporiser 2,000 L/d

 High COP of vaporisation 36 to 55
 Fan power 0.72 kWe
 Pump power 0.28 kWe
• Affordable Operation
 24 kWhe power consumed in place of 1,330 kWhh heat
for vaporisation of 2,000 L waste water
• Lower Noise 58 to 68 dB
• Maintenance Friendly
 Plastic rotating disk are less susceptible to fouling and
are corrosion proof
 Rotor assemblies are easy to clean by using water jet
REFRIGERATION AND HEAT PUMPS
Moran & Shapiro (2006) Fig 10.3 p 457 & Table 1.1 p 2
Vapour Compression Cycle and a Refrigerator
REFRIGERATION AND HEAT PUMPS
Moran & Shapiro (2000) Figure 10.11, p 472
Air Source Heat Pump for Space Heating
SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER
Schematic of Refrigeration Cycle & Photo of Indoor and Outdoor Units
www.indiancustomers.in
MULTI SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER
www.todaypriceworld.in,
Indoor and Outdoor Units
SUPER HEAT RECOVERY WATER HEATER
Generate Cold and Hot Utilities Simultaneously using SHR_WH
MULTI_UTILITY HEAT PUMPS & SHR_WHS
MU_HP deployed as 3.52 kW Residential to 55 kW Industrial Heating
SHR_WH deployed on 1 TR to 270 TR Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems
Applications: Heating Air / Water / Process Fluid, Cooling Air / Water / Potable Water / Process Streams
Vented Double Wall Tube-Tube Heat Exchanger, TT_HE Reliability Proven: SHR_WH operating over 8 years without service call
Installations at McDonalds, Mahindra & Mahindra , Worli Dairy, Hotel Faryaz, Club Mahindra, ENT Clinic, Homes, Hostel, etc
Presented by Prof M V Rane on 23/11/2011 at the Energy Management CEP at DESE IITB  Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 15
ME306 Applied Thermodynamics Lecture
Saved as G:\CEP\EC+DESE+2011\ECuHP+2011.ppt filePresented by18/11/2011
last updated on Prof M V Ranehrsat IIT Bombay
at 15:00 © Heat Pump Laboratory IITB 15 of 27
VAPOUR POWER SYSTEM
Moran & Shapiro (2006), p 17
Steam based Electric Power Plant
PRINCIPAL WORK AND HEAT TRANSFERS
Focus on Subsystem A
D:\Lectures\ME306+AT+2018\20180104+MVR+1+ME306_2018+Introducti
on to Applied Thermodynamics.pptx
POWER PLANT LAYOUT
Multi Stage Feedwater Preheating and Reheating
Resulting in Higher Efficiency
RECIPROCATING PISTON-CYLINDER ENGINES
Nomenclature
AIR-STANDARD OTTO CYCLE
on p-v and T-s Diagrams
AIR-STANDARD DIESEL CYCLE
AIR-STANDARD CYCLES
Thermal Efficiency of Otto and Diesel Cycles for k = 1.4
AIR-STANDARD DUAL CYCLE
GAS POWER SYSTEM
Moran & Shapiro (2000) Table 1.1, p 2
Turbojet Engine and Automobile Engine
RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
Solar Air Heater Technology Developed at the HPL_IITB and Licensed to Lahs Eco Engineering, Thane for Heating Organic Waste Composter
Solar Flat Plate Air Heaters Ambient Air Heating form 25 to 75oC
Solar Flat Plate Steam Generators Tap Water to Steam at 100oC
Seasonally Tracked Collector
Once in 15 days
Light Weight
7.5 to 12 kg/m2
Efficiency Air Heaters

50 to 80% based on Global Radiation
Efficiency Steam Generators

40 to 60% based on Global Radiation
Low Cost
INR 5,000 to 6,000/m2 for air heaters
INR 6,000 to 7,500/m2 for steam generator
Applications
Cooking & Process Heating in
Residences, Commercial
and Industrial Establishments
SOLAR SPACE AIR HEATER
Solar Air Heaters with Low Air Side Pressure Drop Deployed with PV Powered Fans and Hot Water Storage for Off-Grid Applications
Low Ambient: Cost INR 6,000/m2, Weight ~10 to 12 kg/m2, Air In/Out -20 / 40oC
Heat Duty 0.41 to 0.48 kW/m2, Air Flow 24 to 29 kg/h.m2 Efficiency 50 to 60%, Isolation 0.81 kW/m2
SOLAR STEAM GENERATOR with COOKER
Unit Installed at Malpani Trust Bawada MP since Oct 2016 on behalf of HPL_IITB’s Licensee Padmavati Enterprises, Mumbai
SSG with Absorber Integrated Heat Storage 2 x 1.72 m 2 for Cooking Rice & Dal 7.5 kg Twice a Day
Storage Temperature Up to 245oC achieved Cooking Time

Seasonally Tracked Once in 15 day if desired ~45 to 60 min for cooking 7.5 kg rice
or dal (2.5 kg raw rice along with 5
Low Cost INR 10,000/m2 with heat storage
kg water suitable for ~30 persons)
Efficiency 40 to 60% based on Global Radiation
Indoor Cooking Possible
Simple SSG Integrated Storage
Enables cooking in two vessels
simultaneously
Cooking possible up to 2 hours post
sunset

20180104+MVR+1+ME306 - 2018+introduction To Applied Thermodynamics

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ME306 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS

Introduction, Content, References, Evaluation Scheme & Attendance

• Venue LC 202 Section 2 Even Roll Numbers

• Class Timing Slot 1 Mon 10:35-11:30 Tue 11:35-12:30 Thu 8:30-9:25

• Psychrometry and Air-conditioning Processes 3 + 1T

• Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems 4 + 2T

• Vapour Power Plants 4 + 2T

• Gas Power Plants: Internal Combustion Engine 4 + 2T

• Gas Power Plants: Gas Turbine Power Plants 4 + 2T

• Reacting Mixtures and Combustion 3 + 1T

• Flow Through Nozzles 3 + 1T

• Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems

• Power Generation Equipment

ME 306 Applied Thermodynamics Lecture Presented by Prof M V Rane at IIT Bombay

ME 306 Applied Thermodynamics Lecture Presented by Prof M V Rane at IIT Bombay

Heat Pump Laboratory, IITB 7 of 18

• Compact System 2.4 m x 2.4 m x 2.4 m

• Energy Efficient Vaporiser 2,000 L/d

Vapour Compression Cycle and a Refrigerator

Air Source Heat Pump for Space Heating

Indoor and Outdoor Units

Efficiency Air Heaters

Efficiency Steam Generators

Storage Temperature Up to 245oC achieved Cooking Time

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