ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [1]

Class 8
Exponents and Powers
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Answer the questions

(1) Simplify

(2) =?

(3) Simplify (x -3 + y-3)-1.

(4) (2.2×1019) × (1×1014) = ?

(5) =?

3x 3
(6) If = , then what is the value of 9x?
2 + 3x 4

(7) How many prime factors exist for the following expression:
(15)5 × (11)5 × (7)3
(8) Find value of the following

A) (-3)-3 × 63 B) 6-2 × (-6)2

C) (-1)3 × 6-3 D) (-2)2 × 5-2

(9) 8.5 × 1013 + 8.6 × 1014 = ?

(10) If , and , find the value of xyz.

(11) 5.3 × 1016 - 3.3 × 10 17 = ?

(12) Simplify

(13) Which is largest among 2 1/2, 3 1/3, 8 1/8 and 91/9.

(14) Find a positive rational number solution of
(15) If the mean of three numbers x, y and z is 5, then find the value of
.

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [2]

Answers
(1) 3 - 2√2

On multiplying numerator and denominator by (√2 - 1),

√2 -1
= ×
√2 - 1
(√2 - 1)(√2 -1)
= [using a2 - b 2 = (a + b)(a - b) in denominator ]
(√2)2 - (1) 2

(√2 - 1)2
=
2-1

(√2)2 + (1)2 - 2 × 1 × √2
= [using (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab in numerator]
1
= 2 + 1 - 2√2
= 3 - 2√2

(2)

Step 1

Using algebraic identities (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab and (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab,

= [(√2)2 + (√5)2 + 2 × √2 × √5] - [(√2) 2 + (√5)2 - 2 × √2 × √5]

Step 2
Now common terms in subtraction will cancel as following,
= [(√2)2 + (√5)2 + 2 × √2 × √5] - [(√2)2 + (√5)2 - 2 × √2 × √5]
= (2√10) - (- 2√10)
= 4√10

Step 3
Therefore, the value of is .

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [3]

x3 y3
(3)
x3 + y 3

Step 1

We have been asked to simplify (x -3 + y-3)-1.

Step 2
Now,
1
(x-3 + y-3)-1 =
x-3 + y-3
1

= 1 1
+
x3 y3

= y3 + x 3

x3 y 3

x3 y3
=
x3 + y 3

Step 3

x3 y3
Therefore, the result is .
x3 + y 3

(4) 2.2 × 1033

Step 1

We have been asked to find the value of (2.2×10 19) × (1×1014).

Step 2

Now (2.2×1019) × (1×1014) = 2.2 × 1014 + 19

= 2.2 × 1033

Step 3

Therefore, the value of (2.2×10 19) × (1×1014) is 2.2 × 1033.

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [4]

2
(5)
3

(2)×(2)×(2) (3)×(3)
= ×
(3)×(3)×(3) (2)×(2)
2
=
3

(6) 36

Step 1

We know that 9 x = (3x)2. Let y = 3x.

Step 2
y 3
On putting y = 3 x the equation becomes: =
2+y 4
Cross multiplying the fractions we get, 4y = 6 + 3y,
or 4y - 3y = 6,
6
or y = .
1

Step 3
6
This means 3x = ,
1
which means 9 x = (3x)2 = 36.

(7) 18

Step 1

The expression (15)5 × (11)5 × (7)3 can be written as:

(5 × 3)5 × (11)5 × (7)3
= (5)5 × (3)5 × (11)5 × (7)3

Step 2
The number of prime factors in the above expression = (5 + 5 + 5 + 3) = 18

Step 3

Therefore, the number of prime factors for the expression (15) 5 × (11)5 × (7)3 is 18.

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [5]
(8) A) -8

Step 1
Let's look at the following facts before solving the question.
Fact 1: If the exponent of a negative integer is odd, the resultant is a negative number.
For example, (-1)2 = 1
Fact 2: If the exponent of a negative integer is even, the resultant is a positive number.
For example, (-1)3 = -1
Fact 3: If the exponent of an integer is negative, the resultant is the reciprocal of the
integer with the exponent made positive.
1
For example, (2) -3 =
(2)3

Step 2

Now, we have to find the value of (-3)-3 × 63,

1
which is equals to ( ) × (63)
(-3)3
1
=( ) × (6 × 6 × 6 )
(-3) × (-3) × (-3)
1
=( ) × (216)
-27
= -8

Step 3

Thus, the value of (-3)-3 × 63 is -8.

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [6]
B) 1

Step 1
Let's look at the following facts before solving the question.
Fact 1: If the exponent of a negative integer is odd, the resultant is a negative number.
For example, (-1)2 = 1
Fact 2: If the exponent of a negative integer is even, the resultant is a positive number.
For example, (-1)3 = -1
Fact 3: If the exponent of an integer is negative, the resultant is the reciprocal of the
integer with the exponent made positive.
1
For example, (2) -3 =
(2)3

Step 2

Now, we have to find the value of 6 -2 × (-6)2,

1
which is equals to ( ) × ((-6)2)
62
1
=( ) × ((-6) × (-6) )
6×6
1
=( ) × (36)
36
=1

Step 3

Thus, the value of 6-2 × (-6)2 is 1.

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [7]

-1
C)
216

Step 1
Let's look at the following facts before solving the question.
Fact 1: If the exponent of a negative integer is odd, the resultant is a negative number.
For example, (-1)2 = 1
Fact 2: If the exponent of a negative integer is even, the resultant is a positive number.
For example, (-1)3 = -1
Fact 3: If the exponent of an integer is negative, the resultant is the reciprocal of the
integer with the exponent made positive.
1
For example, (2) -3 =
(2)3

Step 2

Now, we have to find the value of (-1)3 × 6-3,

1
which is equals to ((-1)3) × ( )
63
1
= ((-1) × (-1) × (-1) ) × ( )
6×6×6
1
= (-1) × ( )
216
-1
=
216

Step 3
-1
Thus, the value of (-1)3 × 6-3 is .
216

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [8]

4
D)
25

Step 1
Let's look at the following facts before solving the question.
Fact 1: If the exponent of a negative integer is odd, the resultant is a negative number.
For example, (-1)2 = 1
Fact 2: If the exponent of a negative integer is even, the resultant is a positive number.
For example, (-1)3 = -1
Fact 3: If the exponent of an integer is negative, the resultant is the reciprocal of the
integer with the exponent made positive.
1
For example, (2) -3 =
(2)3

Step 2

Now, we have to find the value of (-2)2 × 5-2,

1
which is equals to ((-2)2) × ( )
52
1
= ((-2) × (-2) ) × ( )
5×5
1
= (4) × ( )
25
4
=
25

Step 3
4
Thus, the value of (-2)2 × 5-2 is .
25

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [9]

(9) 9.45 × 1014

Step 1

We have been asked to find the value of (8.5 × 10 13 + 8.6 × 1014).

Step 2
Now,
8.5 × 1013 + 8.6 × 1014 = 0.85 × 10 × 10 13 + 8.6 × 1014
= 0.85 × 1014 + 8.6 × 1014
= (0.85 + 8.6) × 10 14
= 9.45 × 1014

Step 3

Therefore, the value of 8.5 × 10 13 + 8.6 × 1014 is 9.45 × 1014.

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [10]

1
(10)
18

Step 1

According to the question, if a x = √b, by = 3√c and cz = 3√a, we have been asked to find the value
of xyz.

Step 2

Now,ax = √b
⇒ a x = (b)1/2
⇒ a 2x = b
and
by = 3√c
⇒ b y = (c)1/3
⇒ b 3y = c
and
cz = 3√a
⇒ c z = (a)1/3
⇒ c 3z = a

Step 3

Put the value of c in c3z = a

⇒ a = (b3y)3z
⇒ a = b 3 × 3 × yz

⇒ a = b 9yz
Now put the value of b
⇒ a = (a2x)9yz
⇒ a = a 2 × 9 × xyz
⇒ a1 = a18xyz

Step 4
On comparing powers in above equation,
⇒ 1 = 18xyz
1
⇒ xyz =
18

Step 5
1
Therefore, the value of xyz is .
18

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [11]

(11) -2.77 × 10 17

Step 1

We have been asked to find the value of 5.3 × 1016 - 3.3 × 10 17.

Step 2
Now,
5.3 × 1016 - 3.3 × 10 17 = 0.53 × 10 × 10 16 - 3.3 × 10 17
= 0.53 × 1017 - 3.3 × 10 17
= (0.53 - 3.3) × 1017
= -2.77 × 1017

Step 3

Therefore, the value of 5.3 × 1016 - 3.3 × 10 17 is -2.77 × 10 17.

(12) 3

Step 1

We know that 9 = 3 2,
Also 95 = (32)5 = (3)10.

Step 2

Given: 3 = 312.

Step 3

The given expression can be simplified as:

=3

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [12]

(13) 31/3

Step 1

If we raise each of the given numbers 21/2, 3 1/3, 8 1/8 and 91/9 by same power, the largest number
will still be found at the same position.

Step 2
Let's raise each of the given numbers by a number which will make the powers of each number an
integer. Such a number will be the LCM of 2, 3, 8, and 9 which is 72.

Step 3
Raising each number by a power of 72, we get the following sequence of numbers:
272/2, 3 72/3, 8 72/8 and 972/9
236, 3 24, 8 9 and 98
236, 3 24, (23)9 and (32)8
236, 3 24,227 and 316

Step 4

We can see that, 2 36 > 227 and 324 > 316

So, we only need to find the larger of 2 36 and 324,
Or the larger of (23)12 and (32)12,
Or the larger of 812 and 912.

Step 5

Clearly 912 is larger. The number corresponding to 9 12 is 31/3. Thus 31/3 is the largest of all.

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 ID : in-8-Exponents-and-Powers [13]
(14)

Step 1
Lets assume that value of this expression is S,
S=
⇒ S2 =

⇒ S2 =
⇒ S2 =

⇒ S2 =

⇒ S2 =
⇒ S2 =

Step 2
Please note that square root of a positive number can be either positive or negative. But since our
solution is supposed to be a rational number, lets choose square root values such that irrational
part cancels out.
S2 = 24 ± 12
⇒ S2 = 36 or 12
⇒ S = √36 or √12

Step 3
Since answer has to be positive rational,
S = √36 = 6

(15) 55

Step 1
It is given that mean of three numbers a, b and c is 5.
x+y+z
=5
3
⇒x+y+z=3×5
⇒ x + y + z = 15

Step 2
Now,
=

= 515/3
= 55

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