EES MathematicsRevision Exam Workbook Year 8

Excel
Excel E S S E N TI AL S KIL L S
Get the Results You Want!
Year 8 Mathematics
Revision & Exam Workbook
YEAR
Mathematics
8
This book is suitable for students of all abilities studying
Year 8 Mathematics. It has been specifically written to help
students revise their work and succeed in all their class tests,
Revision & Exam
half-yearly and yearly exams.
This is a revised and extended edition with over fifty extra pages of work for students to complete.
Workbook
In this book you will find:
Topics covering the complete Year 8 Australian Curriculum Mathematics course
Over 170 pages of practice exercises
Fourteen topic tests
Four practice exams
Answers to all questions
Updated Edition for the
Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook AS Kalra

About the author
AS Kalra is the author of many successful Mathematics books, including the Excel Essential Skills Australian Curriculum
Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook series for Years 7–10 (eight titles), and Excel Essential
Skills The Complete Fractions Workbook Year 7.
Over 100 Units of Work
Your own checklist for Excel books for Year 8 students:
Bookseller reference Books Level 3 Fourteen Topic Tests and
English books:
four Exams
978-1-74125-411-2 Excel Essential Skills Grammar and Punctuation Workbook Years 7–8
978-1-74125-408-2 Excel Essential Skills Reading and Vocabulary Workbook Years 7–8
978-1-74125-414-3 Excel Essential Skills Writing and Spelling Workbook Years 7–8
978-1-74020-037-0 Excel Essential Skills English Workbook Year 8
Mathematics books:
978-1-74020-040-3 Excel Essential Skills Step-by-Step Algebra 1 Workbook Years 7– 8

978-1-74020-316-6 Excel Essential Skills Mathematics Extension Revision & Exam Workbook Year 8
978-1-74125-435-8 Excel Essential Skills Problem Solving Workbook Year 8
978-1-74125-474-7 Excel SmartStudy Mathematics Year 8 Get the Results You Want!
978-1-74125-007-7 Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
978-1-74020-041-7 Excel Essential Skills Step-by-Step Algebra 2 Workbook Years 8 –10
Science books:
978-1-74125-421-1 Excel SmartStudy Science Year 8

978-1-74125-392-4 Excel Science Study Guide Year 8
ISBN 978-1-74020-033-2
Visit our website for more information at www.pascalpress.com.au

9 781740 200332
AS Kalra
Our address is Pascal Press PO Box 250 Glebe NSW 2037 (02) 8585 4044
9781740200332_ESS Maths RandE WB Yr8 2015 spine 11mm.indd All Pages 8/07/15 12:15 PM
YEAR
Mathematics
8 Revision & Exam

Workbook
AS Kalra
© 2000 AS Kalra and Pascal Press
Reprinted 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 (twice)
Updated in 2014 for the Australian Curriculum
Reprinted 2015 (twice)
ISBN 978 1 74020 033 2
Pascal Press
PO Box 250
Glebe NSW 2037
(02) 8585 4044
www.pascalpress.com.au
Publisher: Vivienne Joannou

Project editor: Vivienne Joannou
Edited by Science Desk International and May McCool
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Dedication
This book is dedicated to the new generation of young Australians in whose hands lies the
future of our nation and who by their hard work, acquired knowledge and intelligence will
take Australia successfully through the 21st century.
This book is also in the loving, living and lasting memory of my dear mum, dad and uncle,
who will remain a great source of inspiration and encouragement to me for times to come.
Acknowledgements
I would especially like to express my thanks and appreciation to my dear wife and son, who have
helped me find the time to write this book. Without their help and support, achievement of all this work
would not have been possible.
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74020 033 2 Excel Essential Skills Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook Year 8
Ch00_Prelim_2015 twice.indd 2 24/09/2015 2:06 pm
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
CHAPTER 4—Indices
CHAPTER 1—Basic arithmetic and the Unit 1 Index notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

calculator Unit 2 Index laws: multiplication
with indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Unit 1 Approximations and rounding off . . . . . 1
Unit 3 Index laws: division with indices . . . . . 35
Unit 2 Mixed operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Unit 4 Index laws: powers of powers . . . . . . . . 36
Unit 3 Squares, cubes and powers . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Unit 5 Index laws: the zero index . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Unit 4 Square roots and cube roots . . . . . . . . . . 4
Unit 6 Index laws: miscellaneous
Unit 5 Problem solving and the calculator . . . . 5 questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CHAPTER 2—Percentages CHAPTER 5—Rational numbers

Unit 1 The meaning of percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Unit 1 Rounding off whole numbers . . . . . . . . . 41
Unit 2 Changing percentages to fractions . . . . 9 Unit 2 Rounding off decimals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Unit 3 Changing fractions to percentages . . . 10 Unit 3 Changing fractions to terminating
Unit 4 Changing percentages to decimals . . . 11 decimals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Unit 5 Changing decimals to percentages . . . 12 Unit 4 Recurring and terminating
Unit 6 Finding a percentage of a decimals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
quantity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Unit 5 Irrational numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Unit 7 Increasing or decreasing by a given Unit 6 Equivalent ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Unit 7 Using ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Unit 8 Expressing quantities as Unit 8 Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Unit 9 Conversion of rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Unit 9 Unitary method and percentages . . . . 16
Unit 10 Scale drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Unit 10 Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Unit 11 Problem solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Unit 11 Discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Unit 12 Profit and loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Unit 13 Problem solving and percentages . . . . 20
CHAPTER 6—Basic algebra
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Unit 1 Algebraic expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
CHAPTER 3—Four operations with integers Unit 2 Simplifying algebraic expressions . . . . . 55
Unit 3 Collecting like terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Unit 1 Addition of integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Unit 4 Algebraic abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Unit 2 Subtraction of integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Unit 5 Substitution (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Unit 3 Multiplication of integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Unit 6 Substitution (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Unit 4 Division of integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Unit 7 Addition and subtraction of
Unit 5 Mixed questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 like terms (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Unit 6 Indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Unit 8 Addition and subtraction of
Unit 7 Order of operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 like terms (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Unit 8 Problem solving with integers . . . . . . . . 30 Unit 9 Multiplication of pronumerals . . . . . . . . . 62
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Unit 10 Division of pronumerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Contents iii
Unit 11 Algebraic expressions and the
CHAPTER 9—Circles
order of operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Unit 12 Applying the distributive law to Unit 1 Parts of circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
expand algebraic expressions . . . . . . . . . 65 Unit 2 Circumference of circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Unit 13 Common factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Unit 3 Applications of circumference . . . . . . . . 105
Unit 14 Problem solving and algebra . . . . . . . . . . 67 Unit 4 Area of circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Unit 5 Applications of area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Unit 6 Miscellaneous questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
CHAPTER 7—Length, mass and time Unit 7 Problem solving with circles . . . . . . . . . 109
Unit 1 Symbols and prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Unit 2 Units of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Unit 3 Conversion of units of length . . . . . . . . 72 CHAPTER 10—Linear relationships
Unit 4 Pythagoras’ theorem (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Unit 1 The number plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Unit 5 Pythagoras’ theorem (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Unit 2 Tables of values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Unit 6 Perimeter of plane shapes . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Unit 3 Graphing straight lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Unit 7 Perimeter of irregular shapes . . . . . . . . 76 Unit 4 Using the intercept method to
Unit 8 Conversion of units of mass . . . . . . . . . . 77 graph lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Unit 9 Applications of mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Unit 5 Intersection of two lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Unit 10 Conversion of units of time . . . . . . . . . . 79 Unit 6 Determining whether or not a
Unit 11 Addition and subtraction of time . . . . . 80 point lies on a line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Unit 12 Clocks and times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Unit 7 Using graphs to solve linear

equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Unit 13 Problem solving using 12- and
24-hour time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Unit 14 Problem solving with length,
mass and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 CHAPTER 11—Equations
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Unit 1 Solving equations by inspection . . . . . 121
Unit 2 One-step equations (addition
CHAPTER 8—Area, volume and capacity and subtraction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Unit 1 Units of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Unit 3 One-step equations (multiplication

and division) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Unit 2 Formulae for plane shapes and
solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Unit 4 Two-step equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Unit 3 Area of parallelograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Unit 5 Three-step equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Unit 4 Area of trapeziums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Unit 6 Equations with grouping

symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Unit 5 Area of rhombuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Unit 7 Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Unit 6 Area of kites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Unit 8 Problem solving with equations . . . . . 128
Unit 7 Area of plane shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Unit 9 Simple equations with
Unit 8 Problem solving with area . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 one fraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Unit 9 Volume of cubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Unit 10 Volume of rectangular prisms . . . . . . . . . 95
Unit 11 Volume of triangular prisms . . . . . . . . . . 96
Unit 12 Volume of prisms—miscellaneous . . . . . 97
Unit 13 Problem solving with volume . . . . . . . . . 98
Unit 14 Capacity and volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Unit 15 Problem solving with area, volume
and capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
iv Excel ESSENTIAL SKILLS Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook
CHAPTER 12—Reasoning in geometry EXAM PAPERS
Unit 1 Angles and the value of the Exam Paper 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

pronumerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Exam Paper 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Unit 2 Parallel lines and angles . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Exam Paper 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Unit 3 The angle sum of a triangle . . . . . . . . . 134 Exam Paper 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Unit 4 Triangles and the value of the
pronumerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
ANSWERS
Unit 5 The angle sum of a quadrilateral . . . . 136
Unit 6 Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Basic arithmetic and the calculator . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Unit 7 Congruence of plane shapes using Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Four operations with integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Unit 8 Recognising congruent figures . . . . . . 139 Indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Unit 9 Recognising congruent triangles . . . . 140 Rational numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Unit 10 Naming congruent triangles . . . . . . . . . 141 Basic algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Unit 11 Tests for congruent triangles . . . . . . . . 142 Length, mass and time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Unit 12 Applying properties to solve Area, volume and capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
numerical problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Unit 13 More numerical problems . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Linear relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Reasoning in geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
CHAPTER 13—Probability
Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Unit 1 The language of probability . . . . . . . . . . 147 Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Unit 2 Sample space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Exam Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Unit 3 Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Unit 4 Theoretical probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Unit 5 Complementary events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Unit 6 Venn diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Unit 7 Language of ‘at least’, exclusive ‘or’,
inclusive ‘or’ and ‘and’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Unit 8 Two-way tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
CHAPTER 14—Statistics
Unit 1 Review of basic statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Unit 2 Collecting data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Unit 3 Types of sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Unit 4 Classification of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Unit 5 Classificaton of data and
sample types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Unit 6 Mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Unit 7 Median and mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Unit 8 Using the mean, mode
and median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Unit 9 Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Topic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Contents v
Introduction
There are two workbooks in this series for the Year 8 Australian Curriculum Mathematics course:
• Excel Essential Skills Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook (this book) and
• Excel Essential Skills Year 8 Mathematics Extension Revision & Exam Workbook.
This book should be completed before the Extension book. It is the core book, written specifically
for the Year 8 Australian Curriculum Mathematics course and the third in a series of eight Revision
& Exam Workbooks for Years 7 to 10. Each book in the series has been specifically designed to
help students revise their work so that they can prepare for success in their tests during the
school year and in their half-yearly and yearly exams.
The emphasis in this book is for students to master and consolidate the core skills and concepts
of the course through extensive practice. This will ensure that students have a solid foundation on
which to build towards both the Mathematics and Advanced Mathematics courses in senior years.
The following features will help students achieve this goal:
Ü This book is a workbook. Students write in the book, ensuring that they have all their
questions and working in the same place. This is invaluable when revising for exams—no
lost notes or missing pages!
Ü Each page is a self-contained, carefully graded unit of work; this means students
can plan their revision effectively by completing set pages of work for each section.
Ü Every topic from the Year 8 Mathematics syllabus is covered in this book, so if students
have a particular area of weakness they can concentrate on that topic.
Ü A Topic Test is provided at the end of each chapter. These tests are designed to help
students test their knowledge of each syllabus topic. Practising tests similar to those they will
sit at school will build students’ confidence and help them perform well in their actual tests.
Ü Four Exam Papers have been included to test students on the complete Year 8
Mathematics course, helping students prepare for their half-yearly and yearly exams.
Ü A marking scheme is included in both the Topic Tests and Exam Papers to give students
an idea of their progress.
Ü A Topic Test and Exam Paper Feedback Chart, found on the inside back cover,
enables students to record their scores in all tests and exams.
Ü Answers to all questions are provided at the back of the book.
Ü There is a page reference to the Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8 in the top
right-hand corner of all pages, excluding the tests. If students need help with a specific
section, they will find relevant explanations and worked examples on these pages of the
study guide.
A note from the author
Mathematics is best learned if you have pen and paper with you and do every question in
writing. Do not just read through the book—work through it and answer the questions,
writing down all working. If this approach is coupled with a menu of motivation, realistic
goal-setting and a positive attitude, it will lead to better marks in the examinations.
My best wishes are with you; I believe this book will help you achieve the best possible results.
Good luck in your studies!
AS Kalra, MA, MEd, BSc, BEd
vi Excel ESSENTIAL SKILLS Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook
Chapter 1
Basic arithmetic and the calculator Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 2–5
UNIT 1: Approximations and rounding off
Question 1 Round off the following numbers to the nearest ten.
a 43 b 65 c 89
d 33 e 158 f 231
g 625 h 829 i 387
j 5672 k 9651 l 6382
Question 2 Round off the following numbers to the nearest hundred.

a 763 b 530 c 248
d 2361 e 5389 f 6341
g 8935 h 6371 i 8537
j 483 k 935 l 621
Question 3 Write the following decimals correct to one decimal place.

a 3.56 b 0.81 c 9.67
d 31.62 e 0.19 f 16.05
g 18.36 h 91.47 i 62.86
j 43.17 k 83.29 l 55.11
Question 4 Express the following decimals correct to two decimal places.

a 5.674 b 8.937 c 9.616
d 33.258 e 41.673 f 83.189
g 52.367 h 81.289 i 63.136
j 59.325 k 129.638 l 538.632
Question 5 Express the following correct to one significant figure.

a 52 b 3.456 c 89
d 9.362 e 0.006 83 f 0.0532
Question 6 Express the following correct to two significant figures.

a 83.94 b 238 c 8.937
d 91.675 e 325.63 f 81.63
g 253.07 h 0.000 651 i 0.007 635
Chapter 1: Basic arithmetic and the calculator 1

Pages 2–5
UNIT 2: Mixed operations
Question 1 Use your calculator to simplify the following.
a 10 + 15 − 8 = b 49 − 16 + 13 = c 18 + 21 + 19 − 10 =
d 83 − 16 − 5 − 3 = e 56 − (8 + 3) = f (9 + 11) × 5 =
g 15 × 4 × 3 × 2 = h 84 ÷ 3 × 2 × 2 = i 1200 ÷ 6 ÷ 5 ÷ 2 =
j 3 + 4 × 5 = k 9 + 16 ÷ 8 = l 50 − 7 × 3 =
m 8 × 5 − 64 ÷ 8 = n 9810 ÷ 9 ÷ 5 ÷ 2 = o 7 − 15 ÷ 3 + 9 =
Question 2 Use your calculator to work out the following.

a 235.62 + 8.9 = b 565.67 × 1.2 = c 35.8 + 89.5 − 3.6 =
d 3 × 6.9 + 2 × 8.7 = e 5.6 × 8.9 × 2.3 = f 56.7 + 83.2 × 2 =
g 5.9 × 6.8 − 12.5 = h 6.7 × 2.5 + 1.6 × 3.5 = i 0.2 × 1.8 + 8.2 × 1.3 =
j 67.5 − 3.6 × 2.1 = k 5.8 × 2.3 × 1.9 = l 100.5 + 6.1 × 2.3 =
Question 3 Calculate the following.

1 5 2 4 2 1 2 2 4
a 8 4 + 6 + 3 = b 9 5 – 3 5 + 6 3 = c 3 5 + 4 3 – 2 5 =
2 10 22 1 8 1 2 1 1
d 5 × 11 × 34 = e 2 2 × 15 ÷ 3 4 = f 8 7 ÷ 2 12 × 2 =
Question 4 Use your calculator to answer the following.

a 92.7 − 8.9 + 16.35 = b 6.9 + (3.4 × 1.2) = c 80 ÷ 10 × 9 =
d 5673 ÷ (5.6 − 3.2) = e 8.16 × 1.2 − 1.67 = f − 3.7 + 8.9 =
g 613.5 × 8.1 − 214.7 = h 9.3 × 8.5 × 6.3 = i 86 + 134 − 62 =
Question 5 Use the fraction key on your calculator to work out the following.
5 8 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
a 6 + 9 – 3 = b +1 + = c 5
× 7 ÷ 2 =
7 7 5
1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 7
d 3 4 × 4 5 ÷ 6 4 = e 1 2 × 2 2 × 3 2 = f 1 2 ÷ 5 × 9 =
2 Excel ESSENTIAL SKILLS Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook
Pages 2–5
UNIT 3: Squares, cubes and powers
Question 1 Use the x2 key to evaluate the following.
a 52 = b 62 = c 152 =
d 392 = e 652 = f 892 =
g 3.52 = h 2.12 = i 6.72 =
j 15.252 = k 16.32 = l 121.32 =
Question 2 Use the x y key to find the answer.

a 83 = b 43 = c 53 =
d 63 = e 25 = f 74 =
g 55 = h 29 = i 35 =
j 1.23 = k 2.43 = l 64 =
m 1.54 = n 0.73 = o 1.94 =
Question 3 Calculate the following correct to two decimal places.

a 3.24 = b 1.73 = c 8.33 =
d 9.13 = e 6.84 = f 15.13 =
g 198.22 = h 61.352 = i 7.35 =
j 80.72 = k 17.82 = l 52.62 =
Question 4 Evaluate the following. (Leave your answers in fraction form.)

1 2 3 3 1 2
a 1 2 = b 5 = c 1 4 =
1 2 2 2 1 2
d 5 3 = e 6 5 = f 8 2 =
1 3 1 3 1 4
g 2 2 = h 32 = i 4 2 =
1 4 2 3 1 2
j 1 3 = k 15 = l 2 3 =

Pages 2–5
UNIT 4: Square roots and cube roots
Question 1 Use the square root key on your calculator to simplify the following.
a 9= b 25 = c 36 =
d 121 = e 169 = f 225 =
g 4 + 49 = h 36 + 64 = i 4 × 16 =
j 625 ÷ 25 = k 256 ÷ 64 = l 676 – 576 =
m 441 – 196 = n 289 + 361 = o 484 ÷ 121 =
Question 2 Use the cube root key on your calculator to evaluate the following.
a
3
8= b
3
64 = c
3
27 =
d
3
729 = e
3
343 = f
3
216 =
125 + 512 = 8 × 64 = 1000 ÷ 125 =

3 3 3 3
g h i
3 3
1331 × 27 =
3 3
k 8 × 125 = 1.728 =
3 3
j l
Question 3 Use your calculator to simplify the following correct to one decimal place.
a 36 × 1.25 = b
3
2.744 × 1.21 = c 4× 3
0.343 =
d
3
1.728 × 3 8 = e 10.24 × 3 2.197 = f 0.04 × 0.64 =
g 0.49 × 3 571.787 = h 49 ÷ 2.56 = i

3
125 ÷ 5.76 =
Question 4 Use your calculator to simplify the following correct to two decimal places.
1 7 1
a 64 = b 9
= c 82 =
1 2 2
d 15 3 = e 83 = f 29 5 =
3 3 3
1 1 1 3 1
g 1 2 × 3 2 4 = h 36 + 3 2 4 = i 55 – 383 =
5 7 2 81 61 31
j 7
+ 3 10 = k 93 + 4
= l 64
+ 25 =
5 8 1
m 3
6 × 3
6
= n 3
10
× 3 16 = o 3
72 ÷ 3=
Pages 2–5
UNIT 5: Problem solving and the calculator
1 Find the perimeter of a square with side length 4.2 cm.
2 Calculate the volume of a cube with side length 5.3 cm.
3 A rectangular prism has sides 9 cm, 11.2 cm and 12.1 cm. Find its volume.
4 A cube has a volume of 4913 cm3. Find the length of each side of the cube.
5 Write 85 493 correct to the nearest thousand.
6 How many 20-mL bottles could be filled from a 1-litre container of fluid?
7 How much would 32 books cost if one book costs $25.95?
8 Find the cost of 25 pens at $5.95 each.
9 Find the cost of 12.5 kg of lamb at $8.95 a kilogram.
3
10 In a class of 32 students, travel to school by bus. How many students travel by bus?
4
11 Find the sum of 15.09, 23.7, 18.5 and then subtract 8.75.
12 Divide $5673 equally among three people.
13 Find the average of 3.85, 8.67, 6.93 and 4.79.
1
14 Find the square root of 6 4 .
1
15 Find the cube root of 13 2 correct to two decimal places.
16 How many 25-cent stickers can we buy for $39.75?
17 If 1 litre of petrol costs 70.9 cents, what is the cost of 43 litres?
1
18 Find the value of × 8.149 × 92 correct to two decimal places.
5
19 Use your calculator to evaluate 152 – 82 + (4.5)2 correct to three decimal places.
20 Cork tiles cost $55 per square metre and are sold only by the square metre. How much would I pay for
sufficient tiles to cover the floor of a square room of side 4.95 m?

Basic arithmetic and the calculator
TOPIC TEST PART A
Instructions • This part consists of 12 multiple-choice questions.
• Fill in only ONE CIRCLE for each question.
• Each question is worth 1 mark.
Time allowed: 15 minutes Total marks: 12

Marks
1 Evaluate 6 × 9 + 8 × 7.
A 714 B 434 C 110 D 390 1
1 + 3 + 5 + 7
2 What is the value of ?
2 4 6 8
23
A 2 2324 B 1 24 C 1 121 D 2 121 1
3 8.21 + 6.1 × 3.1 equals:

A 17.21 B 27.12 C 27.21 D 17.12 1
4 9 × 5 × 2 × 20 equals:
A 1600 B 2000 C 1800 D 2400 1
5 25 × 103 equals:
A 25 000 B 20 000 C 24 000 D 50 000 1
6 (0.5)2 − (0.2)2 equals:

A 0.25 B 0.24 C 0.21 D 0.215 1
7 132 – 122 equals:

A 5 B 6 C 7 D 4 1
8 Adrian’s pocket money is $25.75 each month. How much would he receive in 12 months?
A $309 B $350 C $450 D $300 1
1 × 1 =
9 equals:
9 9
1 1 2 1
A B C D none of these
81 9 9
10 9.9 − 0.09 equals:
A 9.81 B 9.19 C 9.081 D 9.009 1
11 What is the number 6546 rounded to the nearest hundred?

A 7000 B 6600 C 6550 D 6500 1
12 Paper clips cost 40 cents per 100. How many paper clips would $20 buy?
A 50 B 500 C 5000 D none of these 1
Total marks achieved for PART A

12
Basic arithmetic and the calculator
TOPIC TEST PART B
Instructions • This part consists of 15 questions.
• Answer each question in the space provided.

Marks
Simplify the following correct to two decimal places.
1 536.2 + 3.864 + 0.063 + 18 1
2 84.6 ÷ 0.018 1
7 3 3
3 1 8 ÷ 1 5 × 7 1
5 1 3
4 2 8 + 1 2 – 1 4 1
4
5 × 3.14 × 73 1
3
6 2.83 1
19
7 31 1
Simplify the following correct to one decimal place.

8 17.83 + (12.15 ÷ 3.9) 1
9 24 + 38 1
10 64 – 8
3 3
1
11 67.54 − 38.14 × 0.04 1
1
12 1
17.5 + 2.52
40.2 × 9.36
13 1
18.34
(8.15)2
14 1
9.6
15 5.92 – 3.22 1
Total marks achieved for PART B

15

Chapter 2
Percentages Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 26–41
UNIT 1: The meaning of percentage
Question 1 Complete the following sentences.
a 30% means 30 out of . b 80% means 80 out of .
c 7% means 7 out of .
d A percentage is actually a fraction with a denominator of .
e The symbol for per cent is and it means out of .
Question 2 Look at the diagram on the right.

a What percentage is shaded?
b What percentage is unshaded?
Question 3
a If 65% of a diagram is shaded, how much is unshaded?
b If 58% of a diagram is shaded, how much is unshaded?
c If 3% of a diagram is shaded, how much is unshaded?
Question 4 I n grids of 100 squares, what percentage is unshaded when the following percentages
are shaded?
a 25% b 20% c 10%
d 67% e 89% f 51%
g 64% h 78% i 9%
Question 5 Work out the following subtractions.

a 100% – 32% = b 100% – 47% = c 100% – 91% =
d 100% – 69% = e 100% – 37% = f 100% – 77% =
Question 6 Add the following percentages.

a 30% + 47% = b 80% + 5% =
c 60% + 10% + 7% = d 12% + 27% + 42% =
Questions 7
a If 12% of the students are away from the class, what percentage of students are present?
b In a class spelling test if James got 86% of the words correct, what percentage of
the words did he spell incorrectly?
Pages 26–41
UNIT 2: Changing percentages to fractions
Question 1 Express the following percentages as fractions in simplest form.
a 50% = b 40% = c 30% =
d 10% = e 20% = f 60% =
g 70% = h 80% = i 25% =
j 75% = k 85% = l 100% =
m 17% = n 90% = o 95% =
p 49% = q 19% = r 23% =
Question 2 Express the following percentages as fractions in simplest form.

a 2.5% = b 8.2% = c 4.5% =
d 36.5% = e 3.5% = f 27.5% =
g 84.5% = h 40.2% = i 62.5% =
j 0.5% = k 22.5% = l 0.8% =
m 10.5% = n 8.5% = o 18.3% =
p 9.25% = q 40.5% = r 65.5% =
Question 3 Change the following percentages to fractions in simplest form.

a 1 % = b 1 % = c 1 % =
2 3 4
d 1 % =
1
e 22 2 % = f 52 12 % =
8
g 5 12 % = h 33 13 % = i 66 23 % =
j 8 12 % = k 5 12 % = l 12 12 % =
m 10 12 % = n 25 12 % = o 35 12 % =
p 85 12 % = q 15 12 % = r 20 14 % =
Question 4 Convert the following to fractions in simplest form.

a 38% = b 56% = c 62% =
d 25 13 % = e 12 14 % = f 3 14 % =
g 9.5% = h 8.6% = i 4.8% =
j 3.7% = k 6.9% = l 5.2% =
m 42% = n 55% = o 72% =
Chapter 2: Percentages 9
Pages 26–41
UNIT 3: Changing fractions to percentages
Question 1 Express the following fractions as percentages.
a 30 = b 50 = c 80 =

100 100 100
d 40 = e 43 =
f 84 =

100 100 100
g 62 = h 39 = i 56 =

100 100 100
25 =
j k 16 = l 72 =

100 100 100
Question 2 Express the following fractions as percentages.
a 5 = b 16 = c 7 =
10 10 10
d 4 = e 6 =
f 9 =

5 20 50
g 9 = h 7 = i 7 =

25 25 50
Question 3 Change the following fractions to percentages.
a 3 = b 5 = c 13 =
4 80 20
d 7 = e 2 = f 7 =

60 8 40
g 9 = h 3 = i 14 =
60 5 80
Question 4 Express the following as percentages.
a 3 = b 5 = c 5 =
8 9 8
d 7 = e 5 =
f 1 =

11 12 3
Pages 26–41
UNIT 4: Changing percentages to decimals
Question 1 Express the following percentages as decimals.
a 10% = b 80% = c 30% =
d 50% = e 40% = f 60% =
g 20% = h 70% = i 90% =
j 100% = k 15% = l 65% =
Question 2 Change the following percentages to decimals.

a 16% = b 19% = c 39% =
d 12% = e 61% = f 56% =
g 14% = h 73% = i 67% =
j 98% = k 81% = l 78% =
m 62% = n 43% = o 49% =
Question 3 Convert the following percentages to decimals.

a 5% = b 2% = c 8% =
d 9% = e 6% = f 7% =
g 3% = h 1% = i 4% =
j 1.5% = k 2.5% = l 3.3% =
m 2.1% = n 1.7% = o 4.9% =
Question 4 Change the following percentages to decimals.

a 45.5% = b 89.2% = c 57.4% =
d 63.9% = e 63.2% = f 36.5% =
g 53.8% = h 92.7% = i 69.7% =
j 23.7% = k 15.8% = l 21.3% =
Question 5 Express the following percentages as decimals.
a 33 13 % = b 5 % = c 3 % =
6 8
d 1 12 % = e 66 23 % = f 12 12 % =
7 =
g 9 14 % = h 20 34 % = i
9%
Pages 26–41
UNIT 5: Changing decimals to percentages
Question 1 Express the following decimals as percentages.
a 0.15 = b 0.25 = c 0.35 =
d 0.95 = e 0.14 = f 0.85 =
g 0.18 = h 0.55 = i 0.17 =
j 0.45 = k 0.67 = l 0.65 =
m 0.91 = n 0.75 = o 0.72 =

a 0.80 = b 0.60 = c 0.1 =
d 0.50 = e 0.90 = f 0.2 =
g 0.70 = h 0.4 = i 0.3 =
j 0.01 = k 0.02 = l 0.05 =
m 0.04 = n 0.06 = o 0.03 =

a 0.123 = b 0.625 = c 0.537 =
d 0.189 = e 0.427 = f 0.139 =
g 0.835 = h 0.567 = i 0.683 =
j 0.129 = k 0.816 = l 0.927 =
m 0.687 = n 0.257 = o 0.369 =

a 0.001 = b 0.910 = c 0.006 =
d 0.007 = e 0.002 = f 0.009 =
g 0.810 = h 0.037 = i 0.021 =
j 0.004 = k 0.005 = l 0.003 =
m 0.057 = n 0.089 = o 0.065 =

a 1.20 = b 2.50 = c 3.60 =
d 2.56 = e 1.31 = f 3.57 =
g 8.25 = h 3.41 = i 5.63 =
j 2.84 = k 5.34 = l 8.13 =
m 5.27 = n 8.03 = o 2.06 =
Pages 26–41
UNIT 6: Finding a percentage of a quantity
Question 1 Evaluate the following.
a 10% of 300 = b 20% of 5000 =
c 30% of 900 = d 40% of 630 =
e 50% of 580 = f 75% of 840 =
g 25% of 370 = h 35% of 144 =
i 5% of 210 = j 60% of 225 =
k 70% of 890 = l 100% of 79 =
m 45% of 125 = n 80% of 830 =
o 85% of 369 = p 65% of 1000 =
Question 2 Work out the following.

a 1% of 48 = b 8.5% of 104 =
c 2.5% of 36 = d 3.4% of 230 =
e 6.9% of 83 = f 45.6% of 456 =
g 4.3% of 55 = h 72.5% of 935 =
i 62.5% of 890 = j 36.5% of 830 =
k 12.5% of 88 = l 87.5% of 120 =
m 37.5% of 120 = n 92.25% of 560 =
1
o 33 3 % of 180 = p 6.5% of 720 =

a 17% of 500 = b 64% of $350 =
c 9% of 67 = d 18.5% of 366 days =
1
e 5 2 % of 840 = f 2.5% of $80 =
g 15% of $120 = h 30% of 4 kg =

i 40% of $2 = j 400% of 30 =
k 25% of 800 g = l 25% of $812 =
m 5% of $1200 = n 142% of $120 =
o 90% of 50 = p 17% of 400 =
Pages 26–41
UNIT 7: I ncreasing or decreasing by a given
percentage
Question 1 Increase the following by the given percentage.
a $45 by 30% = b $8000 by 15% =
c $80 by 45% = d $3000 by 60% =
e $350 by 20% = f $750 by 35% =
g 900 g by 40% = h 50 min by 20% =
i 400 kg by 60% = j 240 L by 50% =
k 36 h by 100% = l 80 t by 75% =
m $648 by 25% = n $320.80 by 16% =
1
o $199.95 by 5% = p $149.90 by 12 2 % =
q 80 ha by 20% = r 600 cm by 70% =
Question 2 Decrease the following by the given percentage.

a $63 by 19% = b $84 by 32% =
c 4 m by 35% = d 260 L by 24% =
e $930 by 10% = f $6354 by 20% =
g $134 by 25% = h $575 by 30% =
i $928.50 by 15% = j $243.80 by 50% =
k 48 h by 25% = l $840 by 70% =
m $365 by 15% = n $960 by 45% =
o $96 by 40% = p $60.50 by 80% =
q $940 by 28% = r $620 by 35% =
Question 3
a B
ill bought a block of land for $230 000. b Nathan earns $1500 a week. Calculate his new
If the value of the land rose by 80%, find the weekly wage if he receives a pay rise of 20%.
new value.

c T
he price of a new car is $30 000 and after d A shirt priced at $130 was sold at a discount of 25%.
1 year it decreases in value by 20%. Find the Find the sale price.
new value of the car.

Pages 26–41
UNIT 8: Expressing quantities as percentages
Question 1
a Express 20 as a percentage of 200.
b Express 12 as a percentage of 30.
c Express 36 as a percentage of 63.
d What percentage is 40 of 112?
e What percentage is 28 of 77?
Question 2 What percentage is:

a 20 of 80? b 60 of 240?
c 14 of 35? d 15 of 60?
e 28 of 56? f 14 of 42?
g 19 of 152? h 81 of 90?
i 110 of 440? j 10c of $2?
k 25c of $3? l 63 cm of 1 m?
m 16 h of 1 day? n 225 mL of 3 L?
Question 3 In the following, what percentage is the first quantity of the second?
a 2 m, 16 m b 8 s, 48 s
c 12 kg, 90 kg d 6 L, 300 L
e 30 mL, 150 mL f 125 g, 500 g
g 70 m, 210 m h 80 min, 320 min
i 36 s, 2 min j 30 cm, 3 m
k 18 h, 3 days l $2, 500c
m 240 g, 6 kg n 32 kg, 2 t
o 300 cm, 3.6 m p 8 min, 2 h
Question 4 What percentage is:

a 50c of $6? b $2.50 of $10?
c 28 min of 3 h? d 750 mL of 6 L?
e 650 m of 4 km? f $3.50 of $4?
g 70c of $3.50? h $5 of 150c?
i 12 mm of 60 cm? j $7.50 of $30?
k 45 cm of 81 cm? l 15 s of 50 s?
1
m 600 g of 8 kg n 65 min of 4 3 h?
Pages 26–41
UNIT 9: Unitary method and percentages
Question 1
a If 50% of a number is 32, what is the number? b Find the total cost if 60% of it is $90.

c If 18% of a number is 9, what is the number? d If 150% of a number is 60, what is the number?

Question 2 Use the unitary method to solve the following.

a If 20% of a number is 32, what is the number? b If 10% of a number is 63, what is the number?

c If 15% of a number is 360, what is the number? d If 48% of a number is 336, what is the number?

Question 3 Find 100% of a number if a part of it is given.
a 40% is 80; 100% = b 20% is 92; 100% =
c 25% is 120; 100% = d 15% is 60; 100% =
e 50% is 70; 100% = f 75% is 450; 100% =
g 5% is 83; 100% = h 45% is 119; 100% =
i 2% is 94; 100% = j 8% is 34; 100% =
1
k 16% is 46; 100% = l 12 2 % is 230; 100% =
Question 4
1
a If 33 3 % of a number is 9, find the number.
b J ohn’s income increased by 3%. If his income c Alku receives a 15% increase in her weekly wage.
rose by $645, find his previous income. If the increase is $75, find her new weekly wage.

d The price of a block of land increased by 20%. e Hari spends 40% of his weekly income on rent.
If this increase was $28 000, what was the If his rent is $220, find his income.
new price?

f When an amount is increased by 20% it g The population of a small town decreases by 8%
becomes $65. What is the original amount? every year. If this year’s population is 4600, what was
the population last year?

Pages 26–41
UNIT 10: Commission
Question 1 Robert works for a company and gets a
commission of 9% on all sales. How much
commission will he receive in a week in which
his sales total $27 000?

Question 2 Joshua is a car sales representative and is paid a retainer (basic wage) of $600 per week
and a commission of 5% on all sales made. Find his weekly income in a week in which
he sells a car to the value of:
a $42 000 b $76 000

1
Question 3 Imogen is a salesperson and earns $350 a week plus 5 2 % commission on sales.
Her weekly sales total is $75 000. What is her:
a commission?
b total earnings for the week?
Question 4
Max is a real estate agent and receives 2% commission on the first $400 000 and 1.5% on the value thereafter.
Find his commission for selling a property worth $920 000.
Question 5 Katie sells cosmetics and is paid 12.5% on all sales.

a W
hat is her income if she sells $5870 worth b How much would she need to sell
of cosmetics in a week? to have an income of $1050?

Pages 26–41
UNIT 11: Discounts
Question 1 Complete the following table.
Name of the item Marked price Percentage Discount in dollars Sale price
bought discount
chair $560 10%
calculator $45 20%
textbook $64 8%
e-reader $130 5%
computer $950 15%
study lamp $140 25%
Question 2 A study desk with a marked price of $680 is discounted by 12%. What is the:
a discount? b sale price?

Question 3 Christina spent $235 after getting a discount of $65 on a new watch.
a What was the price of the watch before b What percentage discount was given?
the discount?

1
Question 4 A tracksuit that usually costs $248 is reduced by 12 2 %. What is the:
a discount? b sale price?

Question 5 Steph paid $178 after receiving a discount of 15% on a pair of shoes.
a How much did the shoes cost before the discount? b How much money did she save?

Question 6 A dinner set was discounted by 45% and sold for $836.
a How much did the set cost before the discount? b How much was the discount?

Pages 26–41
UNIT 12: Profit and loss
Question 1 James bought some shares for $2540 and sold them for $3200. Find:
a his profit on the sale

b his profit as a percentage of the cost price c his profit as a percentage of the selling price

Question 2 N
ancy bought a car for $20 600 and sold it to David at a loss of 40% after it was
involved in an accident. David repaired it and then sold it, making a profit of
50% on his purchase price.
a How much did David pay for the car? b For how much did David sell the car?

Question 3 A book is sold for $56.80 including 10% GST.

a How much GST is charged? b What is the selling price of the book without GST?

Question 4 A
bicycle is on sale for $450. This is
75% of the regular price. What is
the regular price?
Pages 26–41
UNIT 13: Problem solving and percentages
1 38% of some marbles are red and 18% are blue. 2 Of 80 cars, 45% are white. How many of
The rest are green. What percentage of the the cars are white?
marbles are green?

3 Out of 1060 students, 30% were absent. How 4 102 out of 120 cows have calves. What percentage
many of the students were absent? of the cows have calves?

5 If 16% of a mass is 80 kg, find the total mass. 6 $500 is increased by 10% and this result is then
decreased by 10%. What is the final result?

7 A car bought for $2500 is sold for $2000. What 8 A salesman sold goods worth $35 000. Find the
is the loss as a percentage of the cost price? commission he gained on the sale if the first
$10 000 sales earned 7% and the amount sold
above $10 000 earned 9%.

9 Find the simple interest on $2000 for 1 year 10 Find the simple interest on $3560 for
at 9.5% per annum. 3 years at 8 1 % p.a.
4

11 Find 55% of $1640 and add it to 45% of $150. 12 In an examination, 90% of a class of 30 students
passed. How many students failed?

13 A discount of 35% will be allowed on a coat priced at $170. What price will be paid for the coat?

14 Of the 960 students at a school, 15% are in Year 8.
a How many students are in Year 8? b There are 81 boys in Year 8. What percentage
of Year 8 students are boys?

Percentages
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 0.7 expressed as a percentage is:
A 0.007% B 0.7% C 7% D 70% 1
2 An item is bought for $80 and sold for $120. What is the percentage profit on the cost price?
A 40% B 30% C 60% D 50% 1
3 18% of a number is 27. What is the number?

A 150 B 200 C 250 D 300 1
1
4 Which decimal does 4 2 % equal?
A 0.42 B 0.45 C 0.042 D 0.045 1
5 Ted pays $60 after receiving a discount of 20%. What is the normal price?
A $63 B $72 C $75 D $80 1
6 0.3% equals:
A 13 B 103 C 1003 3
D 1000 1
7 At a roll call, there were 4 students absent and 21 present. What percentage of the roll
class was absent?
A 16% B 19% C 25% D 84% 1
8 A car was bought for $6000 and sold at a profit of 30%. What was its selling price?
A $1800 B $4200 C $6200 D $7800 1
9 The price of a tyre is reduced from $80 to $72. What is the percentage discount?
A 8% B 10% C 11% D 90% 1
10 What percentage is $3 of $20?

A 10% B 12% C 15% D 18% 1
11 If 120 is 20% of a number, what is the number?

A 24 B 96 C 480 D 600 1
12 p% of $q is:
p+q pq
A $pq B $ 100 C $100pq D $ 100 1

12
Percentages
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 Find 37% of $300. 1
2 Increase 260 kg by 10% and then decrease the result by 10%. 1
7
3 Write 12 as a percentage correct to two decimal places. 1
4 If 15% of an amount is $140, what is the total amount? 1
5 After 25% of a bill has been paid, $80 still remains to be paid.
How much was the bill? 1
6 A concrete mixture contains one part cement, two parts sand

and three parts gravel. What percentage of the mixture is sand? 1
7 Express 700% as a fraction. 1
8 Find the simple interest on $800 at 9% p.a. for 1 year. 1
9 Express 52 as a percentage of 416. 1
10 Find 100%, given that 40% is 98. 1
11 David pays 28% of his income in tax. If he pays $14 200

income tax, what is his income? 1
12 A game is bought for $69.50 and sold for $89.50. What is the
gain as a percentage? 1
13 Ed earns 8% commission on all his sales. Find his commission

when his sales total $25 000. 1
14 $4800 is invested in a fund giving 12% interest per year. How

much interest is received for 5 years? 1
15 The price of a television is reduced by 18% to $1722.

What was the original price? 1

15
Chapter 3
Four operations with integers Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 16–17
UNIT 1: Addition of integers
Question 1 Find the sum of the following (use a number line if necessary).
a 8 + 3 = b 7 + −2 = c 6 + 5 =
d 12 + −3 = e 5 + 8 = f 3 + −4 =
g 12 + 2 = h 10 + −2 = i 12 + 14 =
Question 2 Find each sum.

a 7 + 6 = b 9 + −5 = c 23 + 8 =
d 7 + −3 = e 3 + 21 = f 15 + −2 =
g 3 + 9 = h 5 + −7 = i 52 + 2 =
Question 3 Add the following.

a 2 + 3 = b 8 + −5 = c 13 + 6 =
d −2 + −3 = e 9 + 21 = f 7 + −5 =
g 9 + 18 = h 2 + −4 = i −9 + 18 =
Question 4 Find the answers to these additions.

a 10 + 14 = b −3 + −2 = c −7 + 22 =
d 9 + −2 = e −6 + 42 = f −9 + −5 =
g 4 + 8 = h −8 + −3 = i −6 + 14 =
Question 5 Find the values of the following.

a −3 + 6 + 8 = b 12 + −4 = c −16 + 31 =
d −15 + 10 = e −8 + 16 = f −7 + −6 =
g −11 + 9 + 2 = h −10 + −5 + −2 = i −12 + 15 =
Question 6 Find the missing number.

a 12 + = 21 b + −3 = 12 c −8 + 14 =
d 6 + = −9 e −6 + 10 = f 8 +
= −7
g 15 + = 29 h (−8) + −4 = i 9 + 11 =
Chapter 3: Four operations with integers 23

Pages 16–17
UNIT 2: Subtraction of integers
Question 1 Find the answers for the following questions.
a 6 − 2 = b 8 − −3 = c 9 − 6 =
d 9 − −1 = e 17 − 5 = f 18 − −10 =
g 8 − 15 = h 16 − −6 = i 25 − 8 =
Question 2 Complete these subtractions (use a number line if necessary).

a 13 − 2 = b 28 − −3 = c 9 − 4 =
d 15 − −3 = e 18 − 4 = f 82 − −5 =
g 19 − 4 = h 56 − −2 = i 15 − 6 =
Question 3 Find each difference.

a −17 − 4 = b −8 − −2 = c −10 − 3 =
d −15 − −3 = e −6 − 4 = f −9 − −3 =
g −10 − 7 = h −12 − −8 = i −7 − 21 =
Question 4 Find the answers for the following subtractions.

a −4 − 13 = b −5 − −3 = c −5 − 12 =
d −6 − −2 = e −7 − 16 = f −8 − −3 =
g −8 − 24 = h −6 − −4 = i −10 − 15 =
Question 5 Find the values of the following.

a −8 − 18 = b −18 − −4 = c 56 − 13 =
d −17 − −9 = e −23 − 23 = f −15 − −12 =
g −7 − 17 = h −16 − −6 = i −19 − 21 =
Question 6 Simplify the following.

a 8 − 12 = b −5 − 2 = c −5 − 7 =
d 8 − −6 = e −5 − 9 = f −5 − −3 =
g −9 − 9 = h −7 − 10 = i 6 − 15 =
Pages 16–17
UNIT 3: Multiplication of integers
Question 1 Multiply the following.
a 5 × 2 = b 12 × −7 = c 15 × 10 =
d 8 × −3 = e 2 × 6 = f 12 × −8 =
g 6 × 9 = h 6 × −15 = i 13 × 4 =

a 3 × 2 = b 5 × −3 = c 21 × 9 =
d 15 × −8 = e 11 × 4 = f 6 × −7 =
g 9 × 3 = h 9 × −7 = i 40 × 9 =
Question 3 Find the answers to the following.

a −3 × 12 = b −4 × −3 = c −5 × 11 =
d −5 × −9 = e −6 × 1 = f −7 × −20 =
g −3 × 8 = h −3 × −9 = i −4 × 5 =
Question 4 Simplify.
a −3 × 7 = b −4 × −6 = c −8 × 4 =
d −2 × −12 = e −3 × 15 = f −5 × −12 =
g −6 × 10 = h −4 × −8 = i −6 × 8 =
Question 5 Find each product.

a 4 × 8 × 2 = b –6 × –3 × 1 = c –7 × 5 × 10 =
d 9 × –2 × –2 = e –4 × 5 × –3 = f 2 × –3 × 4 =
g 6 × 8 × –1 = h –3 × –10 × –7 = i –1 × –2 × –5 × –3 =
Question 6 Complete the following tables.
a × 7 11 –4 b × –5 –9 8 c × 12 –25 –100
3 7 –4
–7 –10 12

Pages 16–17
UNIT 4: Division of integers
Question 1 Divide the following.
a 24 ÷ 4 = b 42 ÷ −6 = c 54 ÷ 9 =
d 36 ÷ −9 = e 28 ÷ 7 = f 21 ÷ −3 =
g 16 ÷ 8 = h 55 ÷ −5 = i 48 ÷ 8 =
Question 2 Work out the following divisions.

a 12 ÷ 2 = b 24 ÷ –8 = c 15 ÷ 5 =
d –20 ÷ 4 = e –45 ÷ –5 = f 28 ÷ –7 =
g 18 ÷ 9 = h –120 ÷ 10 = i 21 ÷ 3 =

a –27 ÷ 3 = b −24 ÷ −6 = c 36 ÷ 12 =
d −27 ÷ −9 = e –63 ÷ 7 = f 5 ÷ −5 =
g 33 ÷ –11 = h −36 ÷ −3 = i 27 ÷ 3 =
Question 4 If a = 2, b = –4, c = 8 and d = –24, find the value of:

a d ÷ b b b ÷ a c d ÷ c
d ab ÷ c e bc ÷ a f d ÷ ab
g a2 ÷ b h b2 ÷ c i ad ÷ b2
Question 5 Fill in each missing number.

a –48 ÷ = –8 b –50 ÷ = 10 c 36 ÷ = –4
d ÷ –5 = –7 e –49 ÷ 7 = f
÷ 10 = –8
g –300 ÷ –50 = h ÷ –6 = 4 i –96 ÷ = 96

a –45 ÷ –9 ÷ –1 b –60 ÷ 3 ÷ –5 c –20 ÷ –2 ÷ –2
d 36 ÷ –4 ÷ –3 e 120 ÷ –12 ÷ 2 f –60 ÷ –20 ÷ –3
g 48 ÷ 4 ÷ –6 h 40 ÷ –4 ÷ –2 i –12 ÷ –6 ÷ –2
Pages 16–17
UNIT 5: Mixed questions
Question 1 Find answers to the following.
a –2 – 4 = b –6 + 5 = c –2 + 9 =
d 3 – 7 = e 2 – –8 = f 3 + –5 =
g –4 – –3 = h –2 + –10 = i –5 – –12 =
Question 2 Find the value of the following.

a –4 × –8 = b –16 ÷ –8 = c 54 ÷ –6 =
d –3 × 7 = e 11 × –7 = f –56 ÷ 7 =
g –2 × 5 × –9 = h –100 ÷ –4 = i –3 × –4 × –6 =

a –3 + –5 = b –3 × –5 = c 10 ÷ –2 =
d 10 – –2 = e –15 – 13 = f –12 ÷ –4 =
g –6 + 17 = h –8 + 8 = i –8 × 8 =

a (3 + 4) × –2 = b 5 × (4 – 5) = c (–6 + 4) × 8 =
d –20 ÷ –5 ÷ –2 = e 12 × 3 ÷ –9 = f –3 – 7 – 8 =
g (5 + –5) × –38 = h (–2 – 5) × –7 = i (–4 + 12) ÷ –2 =
Question 5 Fill in each missing number.

a 9 + = 7 b ÷ 7 = –6 c –2 – = –3
d × –2 = –100 e + 8 = 3 f – 9 = –1
g –81 ÷ = 9 h –4 – = 5 i + 6 = –2
Question 6 Complete the following tables.
a + 3 –7 –9 12 –15 b × –4 5 –10 8 –9
–1 –5
6 11
–8 –6

Pages 16–17
UNIT 6: Indices

a 23 = b 52 = c –33 =
d 32 = e 42 = f (–1)2 =
g 53 = h 82 = i (–1)3 =
j 43 = k (–2)3 = l (–1)4 =
m 25 = n (–3)4 = o (–2)4 =
p (–3)4 = q –52 = r (–5)3 =

a (–1)10 = b (–5)4 = c (–5)3 =
d (–1)15 = e (–2)5 = f 2 × (–4)2 =
g (–1)99 = h (–10)3 = i (–8)2 =
j (–6)3 = k (–2)6 = l –4 × (–3)3 =
m (9)2 = n (7)3 = o (–2)2 × (–5)2 =
p (–4)3 = q (3)4 = r –6 × (–3)3 =

a (–2)3 × (–3)2 = b (–9)2 – (–4) = c (–4)3 + (–1)2 =
d 42 + (–5)2 = e (–5)2 + (–10)2 = f (–8)2 ÷ (2)5 =
g (–1)5 + (–3)3 = h (–7)2 × (–1)3 = i (–5)3 + –52 =
j 82 ÷ (–2)4 = k (–3)4 – (–5)2 = l (–6)2 × (–2)3 =
m 72 × (–3)2 = n 63 + (–2)3 = o (–10)4 ÷ 102 =
p (–2)2 + (–2)3 = q (–2)4 + (–3)3 = r 83 ÷ (–2)5 =

a 92 ÷ 3 – 42 × 2 = b (–4)3 ÷ –43 = c (–3)2 ÷ –32 =
d 4 × (–2)2 + 5 × (–1)4 = e (–10)2 × 52 = f 25 ÷ 22 =
g 2 × 103 + (–10)2 = h (–5)2 + 4 × –10 = i (–10)2 × (–10)3 =
j –6 × (–10)3 × (–1)5 = k (–8)2 + 2 × –20 = l (–5)3 + (–3)2 =
m (–9)2 + 3 × –6 = n 3 × (–4)2 + 8 × (–2)4 = o (–6)3 – (–5)2 =
p (–3)2 + 32 + (–1)2 = q (–10)3 + (–10)2 – (–2)6 = r –5 × (–10)2 × –10 =
Pages 16–17
UNIT 7: Order of operations
Question 1 Follow the correct order of operations when finding answers to these.
a 2 + 3 × 5 b 12 – 5 × 3 c –3 + 21 ÷ 3

d 3 × 4 – 6 × 2 e –3 × 7 + 4 × 8 f –9 – 2 × –6

g 16 ÷ 8 – 3 h 5 – 12 ÷ 3 i –5 × 20 ÷ 4

j –24 ÷ 6 + 7 k 28 ÷ 7 – 18 ÷ 2 l 3 × –5 – 2 × –7

Question 2 Remove the grouping symbols and simplify.

a (–5 + 8) × 2 b (3 – 7) × (2 – 5) c –8 + (7 – 3) ÷ –2

d 12 × (–7 + 2) e 56 – 2 × (5 – 9) f (–6 + 14) ÷ (–5 + 1)

g (–3 + 9) ÷ (–2 × 3) h 36 ÷ (1 – 4 – 6) i –11 – (2 + 3 × 4)


a [(12 – 5) – (3 – 4)] × –3 b 9 × [6 – (5 – 8)] c [4 + (2 – 7) × 3] × (–2 + 7)

d 12 – (–9 + 4) × 3 × –2 e [(5 + 8) × (3 – 4) + 6] × –1 f 72 ÷ (–3 + 9) – 56 ÷ (–2 – 6)

g [3 + 12 ÷ (–2 + 8)] – 5 h [–1 – (2 + 3) – 7] × –2 i 3 × [6 × (4 – 7) ÷ (–2 + 11)]
Question 4 Insert grouping symbols to make these statements correct.

a 5 + 7 ÷ 6 = 2 b –3 + 5 × –1 = –2 c 5 × 4 – 6 × 3 = –30
d 6 + 3 × 5 ÷ –7 = –3 e –4 + 7 – 9 × 2 = –12 f 54 ÷ –9 – 2 + 7 = –15
g –4 × 7 – 5 × –2 = 66 h 7 – 10 × 3 – 8 = 15 i 10 – 7 + 4 × –3 ÷ 12 = 4

Pages 16–17
UNIT 8: Problem solving with integers
1 The temperature was –3°. It rose 7° in an hour.

2 Daisy travelled 8 km east and then 5 km west.
What was the temperature at the end of Where did Daisy end up relative to her
the hour? starting point?

3 Adelaide is 35° south of the equator and Tokyo 4 What negative number is both greater than –6
is 35° north of the equator. How many degrees and divisible by 4?
are between Adelaide and Tokyo?

5 After it was born, a baby gained 2.5 kg. Then 6 3 × 3 = 9. Which other number multiplied by itself
it lost 3.5 kg. What was the baby’s weight then, gives 9?
compared to its birth weight?

7 Charlie owes $3250 on his credit card.
a He pays $1500 off the bill. How much does b Then Charlie buys a laptop for $795 using his
Charlie owe now? credit card. How much does Charlie now owe?

8 What is the combined effect of a profit of
9 Find the two numbers whose sum is –8 and
$17 000 followed by a loss of $20 000? product is 15.

10 A spider is climbing a wall. It climbs up 5 cm, 11 Jake had $864 in the bank. He put another $56 in the
falls back 3 cm, climbs up another 4 cm, falls bank and then withdrew $345. How much money
back 6 cm and climbs up another 5 cm. How does Jake now have in the bank?
far up the wall is the spider from its starting point?

12 The temperature fell 5 degrees during the day 13 Two numbers add to 4 but multiply to –12.
and another 8 degrees during the night. What What are the numbers?
was the total change in temperature?

14 Which of the integers, –5, 7, –9, 6, is closest
15 Start with –2, subtract 5 and multiply the result by 6.
to zero on the number line? What is the answer?

Four operations with integers
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 3 – –5 equals:
A 2 B –2 C 8 D –8 1
2 –4 + –7 equals:
A 3 B –3 C 11 D –11 1
3 Which is equal to 4?
A –16 ÷ 4 B –20 ÷ –5 C 32 ÷ –8 D –24 ÷ –3 1
4 What is the sum of 4 and –5?

A 1 B –1 C 9 D –9 1
5 –3 + 2 × 5 equals:
A 7 B –7 C 5 D –5 1
6 –5 × –4 × –3 equals:
A –60 B 60 C –12 D 12 1
7 –2 – 3 × –10 equals:
A 50 B –50 C 28 D –32 1
8 What is the product of –2 and –3?

A –5 B 5 C –6 D 6 1
9 (–4)2 equals:
A 8 B –8 C 16 D –16 1
10 –3 – 4 – 5 equals:
A –12 B –2 C 2 D 12 1
11 –5 × –8 – 10 × –2 equals:
A 20 B –20 C –60 D 60 1
12 (–7 + 3) × (2 – 6) equals:
A 16 B 32 C 40 D 80 1

12

Four operations with integers
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 –6 – 5 = 1
2 9 – (–4) = 1
3 –7 + (–11) = 1
4 3 × –5 = 1
5 –24 ÷ –3 = 1
6 5 – 3 × –2 = 1
7 8 + 12 ÷ –4 = 1
8 (–10)3 = 1
9 –5 × –8 ÷ –4 = 1
10 7 × –2 – 3 × 5 = 1
11 (11 × –8) + (–4 × –3) = 1
12 –2 × –1 × 5 × –6 = 1
13 (6 – 10) × (–4 – 3) = 1
14 –3 × [–36 ÷ (–3 – 6)] = 1
15 At 6 am the temperature was –3°C. By 9 am it had risen 15°C.

What was the temperature at 9 am? 1

15
Chapter 4
Indices Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Page 15
UNIT 1: Index notation
Question 1 Write the following in expanded form.
a 24 = b 52 =
c 73 = d 65 =
e 106 = f 39 =
g 27 = h 78 =
Question 2 Write in index form.

a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = b 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 =
c 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = d 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 =
e 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = f 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 =
g 12 × 12 × 12 = h 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 =

a 24 = b 33 = c 112 =
d 53 = e 132 = f 105 =
g 63 = h 26 = i 34 =
Question 4 Write the following in index form.

a 25 = b 8 = c 10 000 =
d 36 = e 32 = f 49 =
g 10 000 000 = h 9 = i 216 =
Question 5 Write in expanded form.

a 23 × 32 = b 62 × 74 =
c 53 × 24 = d 35 × 5 =
e 73 × 22 = f 34 × 23 × 52 =
Question 6 Write each number as the product of its prime factors, giving the answer in index form.
a 40 =
b 48 =
c 72 =
d 225 =
e 324 =
f 486 =
g 1568 =
h 300 =
Chapter 4: Indices 33
Page 15
UNIT 2: Index laws: multiplication with indices
Question 1 Simplify the following, writing your answers in index form.
a 23 × 25 = b 37 × 32 = c 56 × 54 =
d 78 × 73 = e 29 × 22 = f 104 × 105 =
g 66 × 63 = h 112 × 112 = i 57 × 55 =
j 310 × 36 = k 212 × 210 = l 78 × 79 =

a 64 × 6 = b 58 × 5 = c 37 × 3 =
d 7 × 75 = e 2 × 27 = f 5 × 510 =
g 223 × 214 = h 109 × 109 = i 15 × 152 =
j 3 × 39 = k 1212 × 1212 = l 5 × 5 × 53 =

a 43 × 42 = b 55 × 57 = c 52 × 59 =
d 28 × 26 = e 43 × 46 = f 89 × 83 =
g 37 × 35 = h 74 × 78 = i 33 × 34 × 37 =
j 25 × 22 × 23 = k 39 × 312 = l 215 × 217 =

a 53 × 52 = b 95 × 94 = c 48 × 43 =
d 89 × 82 = e 27 × 24 = f 53 × 57 =
g 33 × 45 × 32 × 42 = h 35 × 35 = i 63 × 62 =
j 62 × 63 = k 75 × 73 = l 84 × 86 =

a 5 × 54 = b 3 × 37 = c 62 × 63 =
d 7 × 75 = e 53 × 52 = f 74 × 78 =
g 45 × 49 = h 87 × 88 = i 45 × 43 × 42 =
j 6 × 63 = k 24 × 23 × 22 = l 39 × 36 =
Question 6 Find the missing term in each of the following.

a 57 × = 510 b c 74 ×
× 56 = 59 = 711
d 83 × = 85 e 45 × f 84 ×
= 48 = 85
g 32 × = 39 h i
× 32 = 33 × 92 = 96
j 62 × k
= 68 l
× 74 = 77 × 72 = 74
Page 15
UNIT 3: Index laws: division with indices
a 75 ÷ 72 = b 28 ÷ 26 = c 39 ÷ 33 =
d 510 ÷ 57 = e 29 ÷ 24 = f 68 ÷ 64 =
g 1010 ÷ 102 = h 74 ÷ 72 = i 315 ÷ 35 =
j 212 ÷ 23 = k 117 ÷ 11 = l 52 ÷ 5 =
Question 2 Simplify the following, writing your answers as basic numerals.

a 58 ÷ 57 = b 39 ÷ 37 = c 23 ÷ 22 =
d 710 ÷ 78 = e 514 ÷ 511 = f 37 ÷ 36 =
g 613 ÷ 611 = h 25 ÷ 2 = i 56 ÷ 55 =
j 1010 ÷ 104 = k 34 ÷ 3 = l 212 ÷ 29 =

215 5 20 7 49 318
a 23 = b 5 5 = c 77 = d 36 =
28 59 67 321
e 24 = f 53 = g 6 6 = h 37 =
216 1010 7 35 12 36
i 2 = j 10 2 = k 7 5 = l 12 24 =
a 310 ÷ 32 = b 911 ÷ 95 = c 521 ÷ 516 =
d 58 ÷ 52 = e 212 ÷ 23 = f 79 ÷ 73 =
g 715 ÷ 77 = h 423 ÷ 48 = i 918 ÷ 96 =
j 821 ÷ 814 = k 632 ÷ 618 = l 1054 ÷ 1028 =

a 37 ÷ 34 = b 59 ÷ 52 = c 87 ÷ 86 =
d 98 ÷ 93 = e 125 ÷ 122 = f 98 ÷ 97 =
g 27 ÷ 24 = h 79 ÷ 74 = i 510 × 48 ÷ (57 × 42) =
j 810 × 37 ÷ (88 × 34) = k 25 × 39 ÷ (23 × 34) = l 29 × 36 ÷ (24 × 35) =
Question 6 Find the missing term in each of the following.
a 59 ÷ b 514 ÷
= 54 c 812 ÷
= 58 = 87
d ÷ 3 = 36 e 79 ÷ 76 = f 38 ÷ 35 =

48
g 8 ÷
6 2
h
= 8 = 6
7
i = 46
6 2
28 × 312
j 24 × 34 ÷ k
= 23 × 32 l
÷ 52 = 56 = 25 × 36
Page 15
UNIT 4: Index laws: powers of powers
Question 1 Simplify, leaving your answers in index form.
a (25)2 = b (36)3 = c (54)4 =
d (73)5 = e (27)4 = f (69)2 =
g (510)5 = h (38)2 = i (112)2 =
j (103)6 = k (512)5 = l (36)6 =
Question 2 Use a calculator to find the value of the following.

a (32)4 = b (25)2 = c (73)3 =
d (24)5 = e (52)6 = f (64)2 =
g (37)2 = h (26)3 = i (72)2 =
j (23)4 = k (112)3 = l (35)3 =
Question 3 Simplify, leaving your answers in index form.

a (37)3 = b (25)4 = c (67)2 =
d (59)4 = e (72)3 = f (113)7 =
g (210)10 = h (102)5 = i (64)3 =
j (122)4 = k (77)7 = l (26)5 =

a (45)3 = b (37)5 = c (810)4 =
d (518)8 = e (215)6 = f (512)7 =
g (79)2 = h (410)8 = i (211)6 =
j (916)3 = k (79)7 = l (314)9 =
Question 5 Complete the following to express each in simplest index form.

a 362 = (62)2
b 83 = c 812 =

362 = 83 =
812 =

d 1252 = e 494 = f 323 =

1252 = 494 = 323 =

Question 6 Simplify the following, leaving your answers in simplest index form.
a (42)3 = b (83)4 =
c (94)5 = d (816)4 =
e (1214)2 = f (272)5 =
g (253)2 = h (10005)3 =
i (162)5 = j (274)6 =
Page 15
UNIT 5: Index laws: the zero index
Question 1 Complete the following.
a 32 ÷ 32 = 9 ÷ 9 b 23 ÷ 23 = ÷ c 104 ÷ 104 = ÷
32 ÷ 32 = b 23 ÷ 23 = c 104 ÷ 104 =
d 53 ÷ 53 = ÷ e 72 ÷ 72 = ÷ f 25 ÷ 25 = ÷
d 53 ÷ 53 = e 72 ÷ 72 = f 25 ÷ 25 =
Question 2 Use the index laws to simplify, leaving the answer in index form.
a 32 ÷ 32 = b 23 ÷ 23 = c 104 ÷ 104 =
d 53 ÷ 53 = e 72 ÷ 72 = f 25 ÷ 25 =
Question 3 Fill in the blank.

Any (non-zero) number raised to the zero power is equal to .
Question 4 Find the value.

a 70 = b 90 = c 60 =
d 230 = e 370 = f (–2)0 =

1
g 190 = h ( 2 )0 = i 2580 =
Question 5 Find the value.

a 20 + 30 = b 50 – 80 = c 110 + 40 – 30 =
d 6 + 60 = e 9 – 70 = f 100 – 2 =
g 120 – 90 – 60 = h 15 + 150 – 20 = i 70 + 50 + 4 =
j 2 × 30 = k (5 + 9)0 = l 4 × 60 + 6 × 80 =
Question 6 Simplify.
a x0 = b y0 = c a0 =
d 2x0 = e 3b0 = f 5m0 =
g (4k)0 = h (3t)0 = i (7n)0 =
j (2a2)0 = k (pq)0 = l pq0 =
m 7x0 + 3y0 = n 9a0 – 80 = o 5a0 + (5a)0 =
Page 15
UNIT 6: Index laws: miscellaneous questions
Question 1 Simplify the following, leaving the answers in index form.
a 74 × 75 = b 22 × 25 = c 76 × 72 =
d 46 × 46 = e 32 × 37 = f 82 × 8 × 83 =
g 82 × 83 = h 53 × 52 = i 6 × 62 =
Question 2 Simplify, giving answers in index form.

a 49 ÷ 46 = b 28 ÷ 25 = c 67 ÷ 65 =
d 55 ÷ 53 = e 47 ÷ 44 = f 38 ÷ 36 =
g 36 ÷ 32 = h 56 ÷ 54 = i 46 ÷ 43 =
Question 3 Give the answers in simplest index form.

a (32) = b (23)2 = c (73)2 =
3
d (43) = e (63) × 64 = f (87) ÷ 86 =

4 2 2
g (54) × (55) = h (35) = i (53)4 =

3 2 6

a 4m0 = b (6m)0 = c 8n0 =
d 5m0 × (8m)0 = e 26 b0 = f (x2) =

0
g (5y3) = h 57 ÷ 57 = i 96 ÷ 94 =
0
Question 5 Simplify the following, giving the answers in index form.

a 87 ÷ 82 = b 69 × 62 = c (25) =
4
d (53) = e 53 ÷ 5 = f 52 × 52 =
2
g 22 × 63 × (24 × 63) = h 43 × 36 ÷ (42 × 34) = i 32 × 3 =
j 92 ÷ 9 = k 77 × 49 ÷ (75 × 47) = l (42)2 =
Indices
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 3 equals:
4
A 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 B 4 + 4 + 4 C 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 D 4 × 4 × 4 1
2 38 ÷ 34 equals:
A 3 4
B 3 2
C 1 4
D 1 2
1
3 72 × 74 equals:
A 49 6
B 49 8
C 7 6
D 7 8
1
5 8 × 31
4 5 4 × 34 equals:
52 54
A 33 B 33 C 5 × 3
2 3
D 5 × 3 4 3 1
5 44 × (410 ÷ 42) equals:

A 4 20
B 4 12
C 4 10
D 4 6
1
6 (102)4 equals:
A 100 000 B 1 000 000 C 10 000 000 D 100 000 000 1
7 (43) equals:
2
A 16 4
B 4 32
C 4 6
D 4 5
1
8 3 + 40 equals:
A 1 B 2 C 4 D 7 1
34 × 38
9 32 equals:
A 3 6
B 3 10
C 3 14
D 3 8
1
10 (710 ÷ 72)2 equals:

A 7 25
B 7 8
C 7 64
D 7 16
1
11 53 × 56 equals:
A 5 18
B 5 9
C 25 18
D 25 9
1
12 (23 × 34)2 equals:

A 2 × 3 5 6
B 2 × 3
6 8
C 6 24
D 6 9
1

12
Indices
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
Simplify the following, giving your answer in index form.
1 60 × (62) = 2 57 ÷ 55 =
3
1
3 (83) = 4 4t0 + (7t)0 + (9t3)0 =

2
1
5 320 ÷ (34) =
2
Simplify the following, giving your answer in index form.
6 39 × 35 = 7 98 ÷ 94 = 1
1
7 ×5 6 4
5 ×3
0 9
8 7 4 × 5 2 = 9 33 = 1
10 (92) ÷ 93 =
2
Simplify the following, writing your answers in the simplest index form.
11 37 × 34 × 33 = 12 90 ÷ 9–2 = 1
13 (1000a12b15)0 = 14 50 + 20 + (34)0 = 1
15 252 × 252 × 643 × 643 =

15
Chapter 5
Rational numbers Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 2–5
UNIT 1: Rounding off whole numbers
Question 1 Round off the following numbers to the nearest whole number.
a 8.3 b 11.6 c 14.5
d 9.16 e 7.45 f 7.913
g 6.499 h 34.501 i 23.148
Question 2 Round off the following numbers to the nearest ten.

a 68 b 52 c 93
d 397 e 74 f 82
g 145 h 377 i 568
Question 3 Round off the following numbers to the nearest hundred.

a 169 b 578 c 435
d 671 e 814 f 950
g 281 h 332 i 2541
Question 4 Round off the following numbers to the nearest thousand.

a 5632 b 8199
c 7650 d 4781
e 2369 f 3334
g 4961 h 5831
i 6289 j 9325
Question 5 Round off the following numbers to the nearest ten thousand.
a 24 683 b 91 561
c 32 655 d 47 960
e 52 390 f 61 833
g 74 634 h 83 597
i 48 139 j 20 613
Question 6 Round off the following numbers to the nearest million.

a 2 600 000 b 5 718 000
c 8 123 000 d 5 672 000
e 28 671 500 f 31 814 632
g 48 361 410 h 92 234 612
i 8 714 321 j 31 234 612
Chapter 5: Rational numbers 41

Pages 2–5
UNIT 2: Rounding off decimals
Question 1 Write the following decimals correct to one decimal place.
a 2.34 = b 8.915 = c 30.612 =
d 81.14 = e 92.83 = f 41.36 =
g 89.47 = h 32.143 = i 54.156 =
j 53.345 = k 91.831 = l 39.418 =
Question 2 Write the following decimals correct to the nearest tenth.

a 81.348 = b 32.149 = c 36.481 =
d 41.943 = e 62.458 = f 92.357 =
g 51.318 = h 39.615 = i 42.835 =
j 28.471 = k 58.653 = l 73.852 =
Question 3 Write the following decimals correct to two decimal places.

a 7.813 = b 19.625 = c 21.538 =
d 63.829 = e 51.367 = f 72.123 =
g 84.351 = h 63.839 = i 41.638 =
j 64.836 = k 75.612 = l 81.139 =
Question 4 Write the following decimals correct to the nearest hundredth.

a 7.417 = b 15.632 = c 28.139 =
d 0.941 = e 33.458 = f 47.438 =
g 53.235 = h 64.831 = i 78.356 =
j 81.892 = k 92.635 = l 125.836 =
Question 5 Write the following decimals correct to three decimal places.

a 5.6781 = b 25.8314 = c 19.7156 =
d 37.8395 = e 42.8386 = f 59.2347 =
g 63.6152 = h 72.8192 = i 81.3419 =
j 93.1453 = k 120.6158 = l 92.1835 =
Question 6 Write the following decimals correct to the nearest thousandth.

a 88.6152 = b 63.3412 = c 230.3614 =
d 95.6487 = e 94.8325 = f 512.1581 =
g 120.1581 = h 134.6429 = i 832.3248 =
j 435.2345 = k 437.1298 = l 531.6413 =
Pages 2–5
UNIT 3: Changing fractions to terminating decimals
Question 1 Write the following as decimals.
3 9 7
a 10
= b 10
= c 10
=
43 7 12
d 10
= e 100
= f 100
=
93 239 783
g 100
= h 100
= i 1000
=
549 6342 764
j 1000
= k 10 000
= l 10 000
=
Question 2 Change the following to decimals.

3 9 7
a 5 + 10 = b 8 + 10 = c 15 + 100 =
5 1 7
d 28 + 100 = e 16 + 100 = f 94 + 10 =
3 8 37
g 123 + 100 = h 128 + 10 = i 532 + 100 =
3 7 19
j 81 + 10 = k 58 + 10 = l 94 + 100 =
Question 3 Change each fraction to a decimal.

1 6 3
a 10
= b 10
= c 100
=
17 63 415
d 100
= e 1000
= f 10 000
=
3 7 3
g 5
= h 50
= i 8
=
1 8 7
j 4
= k 125
= l 8
=
Question 4 Express the following as decimals.

8 9 3
a 80
= b 50
= c 15
=
249 68 56
d 100
= e 1000
= f 20
=
63 304 935
g 50
= h 100
= i 1000
=
9 11 12
j 500
= k 250
= l 50
=
Question 5 Write the following as decimals.

3 114 5
a 1000
= b 10 000
= c 8
=
6 6 37
d 15
= e 20
= f 50
=
103 27 32
g 500
= h 200
= i 25
=
11 322 28
j 40
= k 1000
= l 500
=

Pages 2–5
UNIT 4: Recurring and terminating decimals
Question 1 Which of the following are recurring decimals and which are terminating?
a 0.125 b 0.333 ... c 1.32
d 0.43
e 2.43 f 0.4545 ...
g 0.1111 ... h 1.8345 i 0.8231
j 0.7 k 0.8835 l 9.8
Question 2 Write the following recurring decimals in the shorter way.

a 0.3333 ... = b 0.777 ... = c 0.533 33 ... =
d 0.8888 ... = e 0.272 727 ... = f 0.266 666 ... =
g 0.434 343 ... = h 0.121 212 12 ... = i 0.818 181 ... =
j 0.6666 ... = k 0.428 571 428 571 ... = l 0.080 808 ... =
Question 3 Write the following recurring decimals in the expanded way.

a 4.3 = b 8.6 = c 0.1 =
d 0.31
= e 0.7 = f 2.2 =
g 1.72
= h 0.227
= i 1.24
=
j 0.7083 = k 0.5 = l 0.15

=
Question 4 Write the following as recurring decimals.

a 0.083 33 ... = b 0.2222 ... = c 1.4444 ... =
d 1.689 292 92 ... = e 1.6363 ... = f 5.123 123 ... =
g 6.230 693 069 ... = h 5.0666 ... = i 3.255 55 ... =
j 0.456 456 ... = k 2.1111 ... = l 0.936 936 ... =
Question 5 Write the following as recurring decimals.

a 0.253 53 ... = b 0.3333 ... = c 0.666 ... =
d 0.3888 ... = e 0.2323 ... = f 0.153 33 ... =
g 1.7272 ... = h 0.444 ... = i 1.7777 ... =
j 0.002 22 ... = k 3.585 858 ... = l 8.3737 ... =
Question 6 Write the following fractions as recurring decimals.

1 2 2
a 3
= b 3
= c 9
=
3 5 2
d 9
= e 9
= f 11
=
3 4 5
g 11
= h 11
= i 11
=
5 1 2
j 110
= k 90
= l 90
=
Pages 2–5
UNIT 5: Irrational numbers
Question 1 Write rational, irrational or neither for each number.
4
a 7
b 0.2
c 2 d 5
1
e π f 5 2
g 17 h 49
i 9+ 3 j 16 + 25
k 0.6 l 3
7
Question 2 Write rational, irrational or neither for each number.

a 81 b 52
c 3
8 d −25
15
e 17
f 0.4
1
g 2.25 h 3
−8
1
i 8
13 j 16

22
k 7
l 3 + 17
Question 3 Which of the following are irrational?

a 11 b 12%
33
c 0.9 d 7

e 144 f 5π
Question 4 Between which two consecutive integers does each of the following lie?
a 7 b 21
c 72 d 220
e 32 f 98

Pages 176–197
UNIT 6: Equivalent ratios
Question 1 Express the following ratios in their simplest form without using the calculator.
a 6 : 3 = b 2 : 8 = c 28 : 7 =
d 12 : 36 = e 15 : 5 = f 5 : 55 =
g 32 : 4 = h 3 : 39 = i 81 : 9 =
j 8 : 48 = k 64 : 16 = l 12 : 144 =
Question 2 Simplify the following ratios without using the calculator.

a 35 : 75 = b 72 : 36 = c 51 : 17 =
d 20 : 115 = e 56 : 7 = f 88 : 12 =
g 63 : 18 = h 8 : 72 = i 32 : 6 =
j 8 : 76 = k 9 : 45 = l 20 : 45 =
Question 3 Express the following ratios in their simplest form.

1 1 1
a 3 : 9 : 15 = b : = c 1 2 : 5 =
4 12
1 1 7 5
d 1 4 : 6 = e : = f 4 : 6 =
8 8
2 3
g : = h 0.7 : 0.9 = i 1.2 : 4.8 =
5 5
1
j 1.2 : 5 = k 3 : 8 = l 3.5 : 4 =
m 2 : 4 : 8 = n 5 : 15 : 45 = o 14 : 28 : 42 =
Question 4 Use a calculator to simplify the following ratios.

a 10 cm : 80 cm = b 30 kg : 75 kg =
c 6 h : 2 days = d 900 g : 3 kg =
e 30c : 70c = f 4 days : 4 weeks =
g 60 cm : 3.5 m = h 80 s : 2 min =
i 5 kg : 1200 g = j 600 mL : 1 L =
k 8 km : 500 m = l 20 cm : 160 mm =
m 80 cm : 2 m = n 40c : $2 =
Question 5 Use a calculator to express the following ratios in their simplest form.
1
a 40 cm : 3 2 m = b 800 g : 10 kg = c 30 min : 2 h =
1
d 25 min : 2 h = e 3 h : 40 min = f 5 4 : 3 =
2 5
g 3 3 : 6 = h 1 : 6 = i 3.5 : 6.5 =
j 3.45 : 4.45 = k 8.2 : 10 = l 9.6 : 3 =
Pages 176–197
UNIT 7: Using ratios
Question 1
a Divide $560 in the ratio 3 : 4.

b Divide 2 tonnes in the ratio 2 : 3.

c Divide $720 in the ratio 4 : 5.

d $800 is divided in the ratio 3 : 5. Find the larger part.

e $3600 is divided in the ratio 1 : 3. Find the smaller part.

Question 2
a The ratio of girls to boys is 5 : 4. If there are 35 girls, how many boys are there?

b The three angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. Find the size of each angle.

c The ratio of adults to children on a train trip is 3 : 2. If the train is carrying 800 passengers, find the number
of adults and children on the train.
d The ratio of flour to sugar in a recipe is 4 : 1. If a recipe uses 320 g of flour, how much sugar should be used?

e Georgie and Isabel share $24 000 in the ratio 5 : 3. What is Georgie’s share?

Question 3
a Two sides of a rectangle are in the ratio 3 : 4. If the longer side is 20 cm, what is the perimeter of the rectangle?

b Find the ratio of the areas of two squares whose sides are 3 cm and 4 cm.

c The dimensions of a rectangle are 6 cm and 10 cm. What is the ratio of its length to its perimeter?

d Divide $96 000 in the ratio of 4 : 5 : 7.

e Divide $5400 between two girls in the ratio of their ages, 8 years and 10 years.


Pages 176–197
UNIT 8: Rates
a 960 km in 12 hours is a rate of per hour.
b If 2400 litres of water flows through a tap in 8 hours, it flows at a rate of per minute.
c 8 kg of peas cost $20, which equals per kg.
d Angus works for 15 hours and is paid $450, and so his rate of pay is per hour.
e Maddy earns $1250 for a 40-hour week. Her hourly rate of pay is dollars per hour.
Question 2
a Anna drives 360 km in 4 hours. Find her average speed.
b A car travels at the speed of 25 m/s. How many kilometres does it travel in 1 hour?
c A car uses petrol at the rate of 12.5 L/100 km. How many litres would be used to travel 850 km?
Question 3
1
a A tree grows to a height of 13.75 m over a period of 5 2 years. What is the average annual growth rate
in metres per year?
b In a cricket match, runs were scored at a rate of 5.4 runs per over. How many overs did it take to score
270 runs?
c Change 120 km/h to km/min.
Pages 176–197
UNIT 9: Conversion of rates
Question 1 Complete the equivalent rates.
a 90 km/h = km/min b 60 L/h = L/day
c 30 m/min = m/h d $2/min = $/h
e 40 mL/min = mL/h f 30°/min = °/s
g 500 mm/s = cm/s h 8.5 ha/day = m2/day
i 12.5 t/week = kg/week j 0.85 m/s = cm/h
k 315 L/min = kL/min l 100 km/h = km/day
Question 2 A speed of 46 metres per second is how many:
a metres per minute?
b metres per hour?
c kilometres per hour?
Question 3 A car is travelling at 120 km/h. How many metres does it travel in one second?

Question 4 A flow rate of 25 millilitres per second is how many:

a millilitres per minute? b millilitres per hour? c litres per hour?
Question 5 Change the following.

a 82 km/h to m/s b 20 m/s to km/h


Pages 176–197
UNIT 10: Scale drawing
Question 1 Write each of the following scales in the ratio form.
a 1 mm to 1 m b 1 cm to 1 m c 1 cm to 100 m
d 10 cm to 1 km e 4 mm to 1 m f 5 cm to 1 m
g 1 mm to 20 m h 20 cm to 1 m i 1 mm to 6 m
Question 2 Using a scale of 1 : 100 what length is represented by each of the following?
a 1 cm b 3 cm c 5 cm
d 8 mm e 6 mm f 12 m
Question 3 Using a scale of 1 : 1000 find the real length represented by the following.
a 8 mm b 5 cm c 6 m
d 9.5 cm e 8.3 m f 63.25 m
Question 4 The distance between two points in real life is given. What will be the distance between
these points on a scale drawing with a scale of 1 cm to 100 m?
a 500 m b 400 m c 1260 m
d 80 m e 3000 m f 2835 m
Question 5 A drawing of a block of land along with the proposed building has been drawn using a
scale of 1 : 500. Measure the plan and answer the questions using metres.
a How wide is the block of land?
b How deep is the block of land? N
c Find the area of the block of

land in square metres.
d How far is the proposed building

from the southern boundary? Proposed building
Area I Area II
e Find the area of the proposed
Scale 1 : 500
building in square metres.
Pages 176–197
UNIT 11: Problem solving
1 In a class of 30 students, there are 18 boys. What is the ratio of:
a boys to girls? b girls to boys?

2 Michael delivered 480 bottles of milk every morning between 6:00 am and 9 : 00 am.
Find his hourly rate of delivery.

3 Tony buys a pen for $30 and sells it for $40. What is the ratio of the:
a cost price to the selling price? b selling price to the cost price?

4 John drives 240 km in 4 hours. 5 Divide $300 in the ratio 2 : 3.
Find his average speed.

6 Two angles of a triangle are 40° and 60°. What is the ratio of the:
a third angle to the angle sum of b smallest angle to the largest angle?
the triangle?

7 A car travels at 450 km in 5 hours. What is the speed of the car per hour?

8 If a 20-kg box of oranges cost $15, calculate the price of 1 kg of oranges.

9 A man wishes to divide $120 000 in the ratio of 3 : 7 to give to his son and his wife respectively.
How much will each one get?

10 A concrete mixture is made up of five parts of metal, three parts of sand and two parts of cement. Find the
quantity of each needed to make 50 cubic metres of concrete.


Rational numbers
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 What is 218 625 396 rounded off to the nearest million?
A 218 000 000 B 218 600 000 C 218 700 000 D 219 000 000 1
2 Which of the following is irrational?

2
A 3 B 3 C 25 D 0.785 1
3 If 17.895 is rounded off to two decimal places the result is:
A 17.89 B 17.90 C 17.99 D 18.00 1
4 What is the ratio of 8 hours to 1 day?
A 8 : 1 B 1 : 8 C 1 : 3 D 3 : 1 1

5
5
8
as a decimal equals:
A 0.58 B 0.85 C 0.72 D 0.625 1
6 0.6 as a fraction in simplest form is:

3 2 5 6
A 5 B 3 C 6 D 7 1
7 Leo and Ben share $12 000 in the ratio 2 : 3. What is Ben’s share?
A $2400 B $4800 C $6000 D $7200 1
8 What is the average speed if a car travels 245 km in 3½ hours?
A 60 km/h B 65 km/h C 70 km/h D 75 km/h 1
9 The ratio of cows to sheep on a farm is 3 : 8. If there are 240 cows on the farm, how
many sheep are there?
A 90 B 150 C 640 D 880 1
10 A rate of 7.2 litres per hour is how many millilitres per second?
A 0.2 B 2 C 20 D 200 1
11 Using a scale of 1:100 000 what is the real length represented by a distance on a map of 5 cm?
A 5 km B 500 m C 50 m D 5 m 1
12 When expressed as a decimal, which of these is not a recurring decimal?

4 4 4 4
A 5 B 7 C 9 D 11 1

12
Rational numbers
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 Write 13.238 correct to one decimal place. 1
7 3
2 Find + 10 as a decimal. 1
100
3 Write 0.3 as a fraction in simplest form. 1
4 Express these ratios in simplest form.
a 12 : 4 b 0.7 : 2 2
5 Divide 84 in the ratio 3 : 4. 1
6 On a journey of 300 km the average speed was 75 km/h. How long did the journey take?
7 Sally is paid $752.50 for working 35 hours. What is her hourly rate of pay?
8 A map will be drawn using a scale of 1 : 1000.

a What length on the map will represent a b A length on the map of 13 cm would
real distance of 8 m? represent what actual distance?

2
9 Change 15 m/s to km/h. 1
10 The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 5 : 3. If there are 15 girls, how many boys are in the class?
11 Determine whether each number is rational or irrational.

3
. 3
a 7 b 5
c 0. 7

15

Chapter 6
Basic algebra Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 43–64
UNIT 1: Algebraic expressions
Question 1 Write an expression for each of the following.
a The sum of 5x and 6y =
b 15 less than m =
c The double of 3a =
d The difference between a and b =
e Two-thirds of y =
Question 2 Write an algebraic expression for each of the following.

a Six times the number n minus 5 =
b The sum of 5a and 32 =
c The sum of x, 2y and 5z =
d The product of 4a and 3b =
e The average of 5a and 7a =
Question 3 If x represents any number, write an algebraic expression for each of the following.
a Three times the number plus 9 =
b One-fifth of the number plus 8 =
c The sum of the number and 20 =
d The difference between the number and 8 =
e Seven more than the number =
Question 4 Show the sum of each of the following.

a 17 and a =
b 6m and 7n =
c 3a, 4b and 5c =
d 9x, 11y and 2z =
e 8m, 10n and 7p =
Question 5 Write an algebraic expression for each of the following.

a To the sum of 6a and 5b, add 7c =
b From the product of 4x and 5y, take away 10 =
c Divide 3a by 4b and then add 15 =
d Divide the sum of a and b by 10 =
e 18 plus x, all divided by 6 =
Pages 43–64
UNIT 2: Simplifying algebraic expressions
Question 1 Write down the coefficient for each of the following terms.
a 6x b 19m c 16t d 24x
e 14y f 54n g 96q h 35y
i 32a j 41p k 15l l 31n
Question 2 Circle the like terms.

a 3a, 4b, 10a b 5x, 6y, 9x c 7m, 3n, 8x
d 5c, 8d, 9c e 14y, 8a, 6y f 5l, 4m, 6l
g 3a, 4c, 5c h 12, 5a, 6a i 18y, y, 3x

a 5a + 7a = b y + y + y + y = c m + m + m + m + m =
d x + x + x + x = e a + a + a + a + a = f d + d + d =
g 20d + 5d = h 7k + 5k + k = i 4a + 15a =
Question 4 Simplify the following expressions.

a 16x – 3x = b 28b – 17b = c 35x – 12x =
d 20a – 3a = e 49x – 6x = f 18a – 5a =
g 12y – 5y = h 14c – 8c = i 21y – 2y =

a 9 × a = b 5 × a × b = c x × y × z =
d 6 × x × y = e 42 × m × n × l = f 8 × m × n =
g a × b × 10 = h 4 × 5 × m × n = i 14 × a × d × e =
Question 6 Write the following expressions in expanded form.

a 28ab = b 8abc =
c 7xy = d 7mn =
e 9abc = f 18m2 =
g 2xyz = h 9a2b =
i 14mnp = j 8a3 =
k 5ace = l 17a2b2 =
m 16x = n 28x2y3 =
Chapter 6: Basic algebra 55

Pages 43–64
UNIT 3: Collecting like terms
Question 1 Collect like terms to simplify the following.
a a + a + a + a = b x + x + x + y + y + y + y =
c x + x + x + x + y = d l + l + l + l + l + m =
e m + m + m + n + n = f k + k + k + m + m + m =
Question 2 Simplify the following by collecting like terms.

a 5x + 7y + 9x = b 14a + 17 + 5a + 12 =
c 2a + 5b + 3a + 7b = d 7x + 3y + 8y =
e 6m + 4n + 8m + 3n = f 3a + 4b + 8a + 11b =

a 16x – 9x – 3x + 2y = b 10x + 9y – 8x + 7y =
c 9p + 3l + 8p – l = d 9m – 4n + 12m + 6n =
e 15y + 31x + 4y = f 18xyz – 14xyz =
g 20a – 9a + 6b + 10b + b = h 9a + 8b + 5a – 5b – 2b =

a 10m – 2m – m = b 8p – 5p + 3p =
c 9y2 + 7y2 – 8y2 = d 12x – 7x – 3x =
e 9a – 7b + 3a – a = f y + 5y – 2y =
g 10x + 5x + 2x = h 11d – d – 5d – 3d =

a 9x – x – 4x = b a2 – 7a – a + 15 =
c 7y – 3x – y = d p3 + 3p2 – p2 – 10 =
e 15a + 2b – b – 7a = f 5x + 10y + 9x – 2y =
g ab + 4b + 3ab = h 2xy + 4x – xy + 2x =
Question 6 Collect like terms and simplify.

a xy + yz – xy – yz + xy = b 15m2n – 6mn2 + 7mn2 + 3m2n =
c 5a2 + 15a2 – 4a2 = d 18xyz + 8x + 5xyz – 4x =
e 20xyz + 12xyz – 5xyz = f 25x2 + 17y2 – 19x2 =
g 9x2y2 + 8x + 2x2y2 + 9x = h 9a3 + 7a3 – 4b3 + 8b3 =
Pages 43–64
UNIT 4: Algebraic abbreviations
Question 1
a Write 8 × y in a shorter way.
b Write 2 × 4 × a in a shorter way.
c Write 5 × m × m × m in another way.
d Write 7ab, showing multiplication signs.
e What is the difference between 24y and 2 × 4 × y?
Question 2 Write the following expressions without multiplication or division signs.

a 3 × 5 × a = b 5 × n × 7 = c a + 7 × b =
d 4 × (x + 16) = e 3x ÷ 5 = f a × b × c =
g 7 × a × 6 = h 8a × b × b = i 4×m×5×n=
j 2 × m + 5 = k 9+4×x= l 3 × a + 4 × b =
m 23 ÷ x = n 6a ÷ 11 = o m ÷ 10 =
p (m + n) ÷ 5 = q 5x ÷ (3a + 2) = r (8x + 3) ÷ 2a =
Question 3 Write the following expressions by showing all multiplication or division signs.
a 9a = b 3y = c 12a =
d 4x – 5 = e 8m + 3 = f 60 – 3x =
g ab + 3 = h 2x – 3y = i a3b2 =
j 14xyz = k 7m2 + 4 = l x2 – y2 =
Question 4 Write the following in a shortened form.

a 6 × a × a × a × b = b 12 × a × a × b × b =
c 5 × (x + 9) = d 5 × (m – 5) =
e 7 × a × (c + 2) = f 4 × 7 × (x – 2) =
g m × n × (p + 3) = h 6 × (5 × a + 9) =
i 8 + (4 × 5 + 4 × m) = j 8 × (6 × a – 2 × b) =
k 3a + 4 × a + 5 = l 4a + 5 × 2a – 5 =
m n × n × 7 × n = n 6 × a × a × a × 3 =
o x × x × x × y × y = p 3 × m – 6 + 5 × m – 3 =
q a + 3 × 5a + 7 = r a – 3 + 4a – 7 =

Pages 43–64
UNIT 5: Substitution (1)
Question 1 If a = 3, find the value of each expression.
a 7a = b 9a + 1 = c 9a – 1 =
d a2 = e 5a2 = f a(a + 1) =
g a3 = h a2 – 2a = i (2a + 7) × 3a =
j 7a – 12 = k 180 – 6a = l (a – 2) ÷ 15 =
Question 2 If a = 1, b = 3, c = 5 and d = 10, find the value of each of the following expressions.
a a + b = b a+b+c+d= c abc – d 2 =
d abc = e 2a + 3b + 4c = f 3b + 5c – d =
g 16bc = h 8c – d = i 8d ÷ b =
j 5a – a2 = k (c + d) – a2 = l b 2 + d 2 – abc =
Question 3 Complete each table of values.

a b = 3a + 2 b y = 4x – 2 c m = 5l – 2
a 0 1 2 3 4 x 1 2 3 4 l 0 1 2 3 4
b y m
d y = 6x – 1 e p = 2q + 3 f v = 9u – 7
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 q 1 2 3 4 u 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y p v

x y x+y x–y xy x2 y2 4x + 5y
a 5 1
b 8 3
c 6 2
d 7 5
e 9 4
f 4 2
g 10 3
h 7 4
i 8 1
Pages 43–64
UNIT 6: Substitution (2)
Question 1 If a = 2, b = 3, c = 4 and d = 5, evaluate the following.
a abc
b a + b + c – d c ab + bc d a2 + b2 + c2

e bc ÷ a f abcd g b2 + c2 – ad h b2 + 10

i 3ab + 2cd j 3a2c – d k 5c2 – 12 l a3 + b3

Question 2 If x = 5, find the value of the following expressions.

a 3x + 2 b 65 – 4x c 4(x + 3) d (2x – 7)2

e 6x – x
2
f 2x (x – 3) g (x + 2) 2
h (x – 3)2

i x
3
j (2x)
2
k l 2x2
21 – x

m (x – 3)
3
n (x + 2) (x – 2) o x – 7
2
Question 3 I f x = 6.5, y = 2.4 and z = 5.8, find correct to one decimal place the value of the
following expressions.
a x + y b x + y + z c x + y – z d xy

e xyz f x
2
g x + z
2 2
h y3

i yz j (x – z) + 3
k x ÷ y l (x + y) ÷ z

m (x + y)
2
n x+y+z o 3
x+y+z


Pages 43–64
UNIT 7: Addition and subtraction of like terms (1)
Question 1 Simplify the following expressions by collecting like terms.
a 2x + 3x = b 5x – 2x =
c 5a + 4a = d 9y – 6y =
e 3y + 7y = f 4q – 3q =
g 8m + 6m = h 9a – a =
i 2b + 15b = j 8t – 2t =
k 7n + 5n = l 5mn + 3mn =
m 8p – 5p = n 8xy + 7xy =
o 7p – 3p = p 18x2 – 12x2 =

a 5p + 6p – 3p = b 8m – 3m – 2m + 7m =
c 8x – 5x + 7x = d 4xy + 6xy – 3xy – 2xy =
e 12y – 4y + 5y = f 8k + 4k + 2k – 5k =
g 8xy + 2xy + 5xy = h 9a + 2a + 3a – 7a =
i 6m – 3m + 10m = j 11p + 5p – 7p =
k 5a + 7a + 3a + 6a = l 6ab – 3ab – ab + 2ab =
m 8x2 + 7x2 – 6x2 – 3x2 = n 6a2 + 7a2 + 8a2 – 10a2 =
o 4x – 2x + 9x – 6x = p 11y – 6y – 3y – y =
Question 3 Simplify by collecting like terms.

a 4x + 3x + 2y + 7y = b 11a + 7b – 3a =
c 3m + 7m + 8n + 9m = d 9c – 6c – 2c + 3d =
e 8a + 7a – 2m – 3m = f 9x2 – x2 – 3x2 =
g 3x + 2y + 5x = h 12mn – 6mn + 3mn =
i 8y + 7x – 3x – 2x = j 5x + 7y – 4y – 2x =
k 8m + 2n + 9n + 2n = l 5t + 17 – 2t – 8 =
m 7y + 6y – 3x + 7x = n 6a + 9 – 3a =
o 12 – 3x – 2x = p 9m + 7mn – 6m – 2mn =
q 10m + 5n + 3n + 4m = r 5x + 3y – 2x – 2y =
Pages 43–64
UNIT 8: Addition and subtraction of like terms (2)
Question 1 Simplify the following expressions by collecting like terms.
a 3a – 7a = b –2x + 3x =
c 6y – 9y = d –2p – 3p =
e 8a + –3a = f 9x – –2x =
g –2m2 + 5m2 = h –8n – n =
i 3x – 11x = j –6p – 2p =
k –y + y = l –10x + 4x =
m 6a – 8a = n –5t – t =
o x – 5x = p 2k – 14k =
Question 2 Simplify the following by collecting like terms.

a 5n + –2n = b –y – y – y =
c –4a – –6a = d –k + 2k – 3k =
e 8y – –3y = f –3p + 6p + 3p =
g 5x – 7x = h –8n + 15 – 2n =
i –6m – –10m = j 3a – 2a2 + 7a2 =
k –x – 2x – 3x = l –3y + 4x – 7y =
m 9 – 7t + 12 = n –3k2 – 2k2 + 9k =
o x – 5x + 3y = p 8xy – 25 – 10xy =
Question 3 Simplify by collecting like terms.

a 2x + 3x – y – 5y = b 3n + 2p – 7n =
c 8a + 9b – 3a + 2b = d 6n – 3p – 10n + p =
e 2a – 3b – 2a – 3b = f a – b – a + a =
g –7x + 15 + 7x = h 8m2 – 7m + 3a2 + m =
i 9y – 3 – 2y – 2 = j 6a – 3b – 9a – b =
k 7k + 5 – 4k + 12 = l 7xy + 9x – 2x + xy =
m 4m – 7 + 6m – 8 = n 4a – 5b – 3a =
o a – 8t + 2a – t = p 6ab – 3b + ab – 9ab =
q y – 5y + 7 – 18 = r –6y2 – 3y – y + 2y2 =

Pages 43–64
UNIT 9: Multiplication of pronumerals
Question 1 Find the products of the following.
a 7 × 3a = b 4a × 9b =
c 4m × 5n = d ab × a =
e –2x × 5 = f –8m × –2m =
g 4a × –3a = h –9m × –3 =
i 8 × 3b × b = j –5x × –x =
k –2a × –3b = l 3a × 4am =
m 4mn × 3m × 2n = n –2p × 5 × –5p =
o 6ab × 5 = p –6m × –5mn =
Question 2 Work out the following products.

a 3 × 2 × 5a × b = b 7a × 2a =
c 8b × –3b = d –6a × 3 =
e 2m × 3mn = f 8x × –5 =
g ab × bc = h –9t × 5t =
i 7mn × 8np = j –3k × –2k =
k xy × yz = l –6 × –5x =
m 2mn × np × 3n = n –a × 5b =
o 4ab × –3bc = p –2a × –2b =
q –7a × 2ab × c = r –6y × –7y =

a –2x × 4 × –5x = b –2x × –5 × –8y =
c 3a × 5 × –4y = d 6m × –5m =
e –6 × –4a = f 4n × –15m =
g –9x × –2y = h –3n × –2n × –5n =
i –8p × 5p = j xy × 3xy × –5xy =
k 5 × –2x × 3y = l –x × –y × –z =
m –a × 7ab = n –4a × –5b =
o –m × –2m × –3n = p –2m × 10 × –5m =
q –5a × –a = r –2ab × –5bc × –3cd =
Pages 43–64
UNIT 10: Division of pronumerals
10 x 30 ab
a = b =
2x 5a
27 mn
c = d 36xy ÷ 9xy =
9m
e 15abc ÷ 5ab = f 12m2 ÷ 4m =
g 9y ÷ y = h abc ÷ ac =
i 28a ÷ 7a = j mk ÷ k =
k 32xy ÷ 8y = l 8n2 ÷ 4n =
m 9y2 ÷ 9y = n 60abc ÷ 10ac =
o 25m2 ÷ 5m = p 72x2 ÷ 12x =
Question 2 Work out the following divisions.

12 a 16 m
a = b =
4 2m
10 a b
2
c = d 25m ÷ 5m =
5a2
e 12a ÷ –6 = f –10pq ÷ 5p =
g –32a ÷ –8a = h –48xy ÷ –16x =
i 50ab ÷ 25ab = j –9xy ÷ xy =
k 5x ÷ –5 = l 60m ÷ –10m =
m 18xy ÷ xy = n –18a ÷ 6a =
o abc ÷ ab = p 9ab ÷ 3a =
q 5m ÷ 4m = r –36mn ÷ –9m =

−18 a 90 abc
a = b =
6 −10 a
− xyz −33y
c = d =
− xy −11y
e –20t ÷ –t = f –30ab ÷ –10a =
g –50ab ÷ –5b = h a2bc ÷ abc =
i x2y ÷ xy = j m2n ÷ mn2 =
k 27ab2 ÷ 9a2b = l –24a2 ÷ 8a =
m 48x2 ÷ –8x = n 49ab ÷ –7a =
o –16pqr ÷ 8pr = p –42a2 ÷ 6a =
q –9y2 ÷ –9y = r –27mn ÷ –9m =

Pages 43–64
UNIT 11: A
lgebraic expressions and the order
of operations
a 2x × 5x × 4 = b 6a × 12ab ÷ a2b =
c 7mn × 5m ÷ n = d 3a × 2a × 5b =
e –4a × 8a × –3 = f 20xyz ÷ 5xy ÷ z =
g 12x × 7 ÷ 4x = h 20 × 3m ÷ 5 =
i 12 × 8mn ÷ 4n = j 15a ÷ 3a × 5 =

a (9x)2 ÷ 3x × 2 = b –5 × –3x × 8 =
c 81ab ÷ 9a ÷ 3b = d 21ab ÷ –21ab =
e (4ab)2 ÷ 16a2b = f 9m × –5 × –2m =
g –5a × 3b × –4ab = h 28xy ÷ 7x ÷ 4y =

a (18y ÷ 6) – 2y b 8x + (6 × 3x) c (5 × 8p) – (35p ÷ 7)

d (–5x × 8) – 4x – 3x e 85t – (8 × 4t) – 2t f (16a ÷ 2) – (42a ÷ 7)

g 9a ÷ (8a – 5a)
h 5x + 8 × 3x – 4x i 20a – (15a ÷ 3) – 7a


26 x + 16 x 64 a ÷ 16 35 x 2 ÷ 7 x
a = b = c =
2x × 3 18 a 2 ÷ 9 a 2 x + 3x

8y × 6y 8n × 5n 8 a − 24 a
d = e = f =
12 y 2 ÷ 2 y ( 2 n )2 3a + 5 a

Pages 43–64
UNIT 12: A
pplying the distributive law to expand
algebraic expressions
Question 1 Expand the following expressions.
a 5(a + 3) = b 6(x – 7) = c –2(6 + a) =
d –5(x + 7) = e 9(2a + 5) = f 3(5x – 9) =
g 2a(6 + 3a) = h x(2x – 5) = i m(6m + 3) =
j 5x(x – 3) = k 7n(2n – 3) = l –3a(a – 2) =
m –2(a + 5) = n –7(3p – 4) = o 5a(a – 1) =
p –3x(2x – 2) = q –(x + 9) = r –(4y – 7) =
Question 2 Expand and simplify by collecting like terms.

a 3(x + 5) + 6x = b 6(a – 5) – 5a = c 4(m – 3) + 2m =

d 2(x – 3) + 3x + 7 = e 6y(y + 4) – 2y2 = f 6(m – 2) – 3m =

g 5x + 3(10 – x) = h 9x + 3(x – 2) = i 6m – 2(m + 1) =

Question 3 Expand and simplify.
a 3(x + 2) + 4(x – 2) = b 8(m – 3) + 3(m – 2) = c 5(p – 7) + 3(p + 2) =

d 8(x + 3) + 2(x – 1) = e 4(x + 3) – 2(x + 1) = f x(x + 1) – (x – 3) =

g 5(p – 6) – 2(p – 1) = h p(5p + 6) – 3(2p – 3) = i 2m + 3(m – 3) + 7 =


Pages 43–64
UNIT 13: Common factors
Question 1 Factorise the following by taking out the highest common factor.
a 5a + 5 = b 8x – 8 = c 3y – 3 =
d 2x + 2 = e 6m + 6 = f 7m + 7 =
g 3p + 6 = h 4q + 8 = i 6x – 9y =
j 4x – 16 = k 9b – 18 = l 5a + 20 =
m 2a + 6 = n 3m + 12 = o 6n – 24 =
p 8x – 32 = q 3a + 15 = r 2a + 14 =
Question 2 Factorise by taking the common factor out.

a 3a + 3b = b 5m + 5n = c 6p – 6q =
d 7a + 14b = e 3l – 9m = f m2 + 7m =
g y2 + 6y = h 9x – 18y = i 3a – 24b =
j 4x + 4y = k mp – 3p = l 8x – 32y =
m 6x – 36 = n 3m + 12m2 = o 5y – y2 =
p 9x – 6 = q 8m – 8n = r 6x – 3x2 =
s 2x2 – 4x = t 6pq – 12p2 = u 10x – 10y =
Question 3 Factorise the following.

a –3x + 6 = b –5x + 10 = c –4x + 8 =
d –6x + 18 = e –2x + x2 = f –6a + 24 =
g –3a + 12 = h –4a + 16 = i –6a – 12 =
j –4y – 8 = k –2x – 10 = l –8y – 4x =
m –3p – 9q = n –5x – 25 = o –x – 5 =
Question 4 Factorise.
a 7a + 7b = b 4a – 20 = c 9x – 9y =
d 3m + 15 = e 6 – 6t = f m2 – 4m =
g 5ab – a2 = h 7m – 14n = i 8ab – 6a2b =
j –4 – 12a = k –3 – 15p = l –3m – 6n =
m 9m – 36 = n –4a – 20a2 = o –x – 7 =
Pages 43–64
UNIT 14: Problem solving and algebra
1 Write the sum of 2x and 3y. 2 Write the product of m and n.

3 Write the average of 2x, y and 3z. 4 Find the expression 3 more than 2x.

5 If the first number is x, write the next 6 Find the area of a square with side length x metres.
consecutive integer.

7 Increase 5x by 2. 8 Find the perimeter of a square with side length a cm.
9 Find the volume of a cube with side length y cm. 10 Find the number x less than 3x + 4y.
11 Write the perimeter of a rectangle of length 12 Your pocket money is $x per week. How much do
15 cm and width x cm. you earn in 7 weeks?

13 Write the perimeter of the following shapes.

a
b c x
x 3x 2x 5x
x
2x + 3 8x
2x + 5
14 Find the area of the following shapes.

a
b c
x
x
2x 2x – 3 8x + 4

15 If I bought p pens and 3q pencils and my sister 16 Three different types of sweets cost 5y, 3y and 2y
bought 5p pens and 2q pencils, how many pens cents each. If I buy 4 of each type, what would be the
and pencils do we have altogether? total cost?


Basic algebra
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 8x – 3x – x equals:
A 4x B 6x C 8x – 3 D 5 1
2 a3 + a3 equals:
A a 6
B a 9
C 2a 3
D 2a 6 1
3 5xy2 equals:
A 3 × x × y × 2 B 5 × xy × xy C 5xy × 5xy D 5 × x × y × y 1
4 –4x + 5x equals:
A x B 9x C –45x 2
D –20x 2 1
5 2(x – 7) + x equals:
A 3x – 7 B 3x – 14 C x – 7 D x – 14 1
6 –7a × 4 equals:
A 28a B 74a C –74a D –28a 1
7 –9x × –4y equals:

A –36y B –94xy C 36xy D 94xy 1
8 b is a factor of ab + bc. What is the other factor?

A a B a + bc C ac D a + c 1
9 –30ab ÷ 10a equals:

A –3b B 3b C –3a b 2
D 3a b 2 1
10 x(x – 5) equals:
A x – 5
2
B x – 5x
2
C –4x D –5x 2 1
11 30 × 2n ÷ 10 equals:
A 60n B 6n C 600n D 150n 1
12 If a = 4 and b = 5 then 3ab2 equals:

A 120 B 300 C 1200 D 3600 1

12
Basic algebra
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 Simplify – 5a + 6a + 3a 1
2 Simplify (3ab)2 1
1
3 Simplify ab × 32b2 1
2
4 Simplify 5ab + 3a × 2b 1
5 Expand and simplify 5a + 3(2 – a) 1
6 Simplify –9x × –2x 1
7 Expand and simplify x(2x – 1) – 2(x2 – x) 1
8 Factorise 2p2q + 4pq2 1
9 Expand and simplify 3(x + 5) + 4(x + 3) – 6(3x – 2)
10 Expand and simplify y – 2 + 7(2y + 5) 1
11 Simplify 5a – 7b – 8b + b 1
12 If x = 5 and y = –7, what is the value of 2x – y? 1
13 Simplify 64ab ÷ 8b 1
14 Expand and simplify 4(x + 5) – 2(3x – 1) 1
15 Factorise –7x – 21 1

15

Chapter 7
Length, mass and time Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 152–154
UNIT 1: Symbols and prefixes
Question 1 Complete the following table by writing the symbol for the name of the unit.
Quantity Name of unit Symbol
a Length metre m
b millimetre
c centimetre
d kilometre
e Mass gram
f milligram
g kilogram
h tonne
i Time second
j minute
k hour
l day
Question 2 Complete the following table by Question 3 State the most appropriate unit
writing the symbol of the prefix. (kilometres, metres or centimetres) for the
following.
Prefix Symbol Meaning
a Length of a basketball court
a mega 1 000 000
b kilo 1 000 b Height of a door
c hecto 100
c Distance between Sydney
d deca 10 and Brisbane
1
e deci 10 d Length of a pen _
1
f centi 100
1
g milli 1000
1
h micro 1000 000
Pages 152–154
UNIT 2: Units of measurement
a 1 cm = mm b 1 m = cm
c 1 m = mm d 1 km = m
e 1 g = mg f 1 kg = g
g 1 t = kg h 1 min = s
i 1h= min j 1 day = h
a 1 normal year = days b 1 leap year = days

c 1 year = months d 1 year = fortnights
e 1 year = weeks f 1 fortnight = weeks
g 1 decade = years h 1 century = years
i 1 millennium = years j 1 year = seasons
k noon = 12 o’clock in the l midnight = 12 o’clock in the
m am = from midnight to n pm = from midday to
Question 3 Complete the table for the number of days in each month. (Assume it is not a leap year.)
Month Days Month Days
a January g July
b February h August
c March i September
d April j October
e May k November
f June l December
Chapter 7: Length, mass and time 71

Pages 152–154
UNIT 3: Conversion of units of length
Question 1 Convert the following to centimetres (cm).
a 1 m = b 4 m = c 2 m = d 4.1 m =
e 3 m = f 6 m = g 3.5 m = h 8 m =
i 5 m = j 7 m = k 2.25 m = l 5.34 m =
m 10 mm = n 80 mm = o 700 mm = p 167 mm =
Question 2 Convert the following to metres (m).

a 200 cm = b 1200 cm = c 90 cm = d 60 cm =
e 500 cm = f 2500 cm = g 150 cm = h 20 cm =
i 8000 cm = j 4000 cm = k 560 cm = l 1570 cm =
m 1 km = n 15 km = o 4.75 km = p 20.07 km =
Question 3 Convert each of the following lengths to millimetres (mm).

a 1 m = b 3.5 m = c 2.25 m = d 10 m =
e 6 m = f 12 m = g 6.5 m = h 7.9 m =
i 8 m = j 5 m = k 9.52 m = l 5.5 m =
m 20 cm = n 80 cm = o 25.5 cm = p 50.1 cm =
Question 4 Convert the following measurements to the units shown.

a 5 m = cm b 4000 mm = m c 4.5 km = m d 640 mm = cm
e 7 m = mm f 463 mm = cm g 6.35 cm = mm h 2.3 km = m
i 9m= cm j 800 cm = mm k 60 cm = mm l 18 m = cm
m 6 km = m n 5.3 m = cm o 8560 mm = m p 2.31 m = cm
Question 5 Complete the following conversions.

a 0.8 m = cm b 4 km = cm c 0.3 m = mm d 3.7 m = cm
e 0.006 km = m f 0.04 m = cm g 0.002 m = mm h 12.69 m = mm
i 0.009 m = mm j 0.007 m = cm k 85 m = cm l 58 cm = mm
m 0.02 m = mm n 9 mm = km o 0.05 km = m p 365 mm = cm
Pages 152–154
UNIT 4: Pythagoras’ theorem (1)
Question 1 If c > 0, find c when:
a c2 = 16 b c2 = 225 c c2 = 81

d c2 = 16 + 9 e c2 = 25 + 144 f c2 = 225 + 64
Question 2 Find the length of the hypotenuse in these right-angled triangles.

40 m
a b c
7 cm
9m 36 mm 77 mm
24 cm

Question 3 Find the length of the missing side correct to 1 decimal place.
a b c
19 mm 7.5 cm
22 mm
5 cm
6.8 cm
8 cm
Question 4 Use Pythagoras’ theorem to test if the following triangles are right-angled.
4.1
a 8
b c
7 10
8
4
0.9
15
6


Pages 152–154
UNIT 5: Pythagoras’ theorem (2)
Question 1 If a > 0, find a when:
a 25 = a2 + 16 b 289 = a2 + 225 c 625 = 576 + a2
Question 2 Find the length of the unknown side in these right-angled triangles.
a
3 mm
a b c
12 m y
17 cm
x
5 mm 8 cm
13 m
Question 3 Find the value of x correct to 1 decimal place.

a
16 cm b c 5 mm x
x
6 cm x
10 m 2 mm

Question 4 A
tree 6 m tall casts a shadow 1.1 m long. What is the distance
from the tip of the shadow to the top of the tree?
d

Question 5 A
right-angled triangle is drawn inside a circle, using the diameter
as the hypotenuse. If the diameter of the circle is 15 cm long and
the shortest side of the triangle is 9 cm, what is the perimeter
of the triangle?

Pages 152–154
UNIT 6: Perimeter of plane shapes
Question 1 Find the perimeter of each of the following triangles.
a
b
c
7 cm7 cm 777cm
7 cm cm
cm 7 cm 7 cm 787cm 7cmcm 7 cm 8 cm
cm 8 cm
7 cm8 cm 8 cm
8 cm8 cm 813 cm8 cm 1213
8cm
cm 8 cm 13 cm
13cmcm 13 12 13 cm
7 cm
77cm
cm
7
8 cm8 7cm
cm
8 cm 13 cm 8 cm
13 cm cm
12 cm
12 cm cm 12cmcm 1212cmcm
12 cm
7 cm 7 7cmcm 7
8 7
cm
cm cm 8 8
cm cm
7 cm 8 cm13 8 cm 13 cm
8 cm
7 cm 7 cm 7 cm 8 cm 8 cm8 cm 12
13cm 13 cm 12 cm1213cm cm
7 cm 7 cm 7 cm 8 cm 8 cm
8 cm
8 cm 8 cm 13 cm 1312 cm
cmcm 1212 cm 12 cm
7 cm 7 cm 7 7cm 7 cm 8 cm 8 cm68 cm
cm 8 cm 6 cm 5 cm cm 5 cm
cm 6 7
cm cm 6 cm 5 cm13
8 cm 13 5 cm12
7 cm7 cm 77cm
7 cm cm 7 7cm cm
7 cm6 cm6 cm 6 cm 8 cm 6 cm 5 cm5 cm 512cm cm13 5cmcmcm 12 cm
7 cm
7 cm 7 cm 6 cm 6 cm
5 cm
5 cm 5 cm
7 cm 7 cm 76cmcm 6 cm 5 cm 5 cm
7 cm
7 cm
7 cm 6 cm 6 cm 3 cm
36cm cm 53
cm
cm
cm 3 3cm
5 cm 53cm cm
7 cm 7 cm 7 cm 7 3cmcm 737cm cm
7 cm
cm 7 cm 7 cm
7 cm 7 cm
9 cm 9 cm 9 cm 9 cm 7 cm 7 cm
d 9 cm9 cm 6 9cmcm 9 cm611 cm
cm
11e cm
6
11cm
cm
11 cm
116 cm7 cm
cm 11 cm
11
3 cm
cm
11 cm 3 cm7 cm 3 cm3 cm 3 cm 7 cm
f 3 cm7 cm
cm6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 7 cm 7 cm 7 cm
9 cm 9 6cm 9 cm 11 cm 11
7 cm cm
cm11 cm 7 cm7 11 3 cm7 cm 7 cm7 cm 7 cm
9 cm 96cmcm 6 cm1169 cm
cm 711cmcm 7 cm 7.5cm cmcm 73 cm
3 7.5
cm 7.5
cm7.5 cm
cm cmcm 7.5 cm
77.5
9 cm 6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 6 cm
7.5 cm 7 cm 3 cm 7.5 cm
4 cm cm 446cm 9cmcm4 4cm cm 4 cm11 cm 6 11
cm6cm 7 cm6 cm 67 cm cm 7 cm 7 cm
4 cm49 cm cm 6cm
9cm cm11 cm 11 cm6 cm 77.5 cmcm 7.5 cm
7.5 7.5 cm
cm 7.5 cm
6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 7.5 cm
4 cm 4 cm 4 cm
4 cm 4 cm 66cmcm 6 cm6 cm 6 cm 7.5 cm
4 cm 4 cm 6 cm 7.5 cm 7.5 cm 7.5 cm
6 cm 6 cm 6 cm
4 cm 4 cm 4 cm

Question 2 Find the perimeter of the following squares and rectangles.
30 30
cmcm 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm m12 m 12 m 12 m
12 c 12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m
a 30 cm 30 cm 30 cm b
30 cm 30 cm30 cm 12 m 12 m 12 m 12 m
30 cm 12 m
30 cm 3030 6cmcm
cm6 cm6 cm 66cmcm 6 6cm m 9 m 99mm 9 9mm
9 6m9cm 9m
12 712
m7mm 77mm 7 m 7m
cm 12 m 7 m
12 m 12 7m
30 cm 30
6 cmcm 30 cm6 cm 6 cm 9m 9m 9m 9 m 7m 7m 7m
6 cm 6 cm 6 cm
9m 9 m 7m 7 m 7m
6 cm 9m 7m
6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 9m 9m 9m 7m 7m 7m
20 20
m m

20 m 20 m 20 m

20 m 20 m 20 m
20 m 20 m 20 m
20 m

20 m
12 12
m m 12 m 2012
m m 820
m m 8 m 8m8m
12 m 8 m
d 12 m 12 m e 12 m 20 m 8 m208 m 208 m
m 8m f 8 m 8 m 88mm 8 8mm 8m
12 m 12 m 12 m 88m 8 m 8m 8m 8m 8m
12 m 12 m12 m m 8m 8m 8m 8m 8m
12 m 8m 8m
12 m 12 m 12 m 8m 8m 8m 8 m 8m 8m

3 cm 33cmcm 3 3cm 3 cm
Question 3
9 cm Find the perimeter
9 cm 9 cm of 3 cm3 cm
the following.
9 cm cm
6 cm6 cm6 cm 66cm cm 6 6cmcm
6 cm
9 cm9 cm 9 cm 9 cm 3 cm 3 cm
a b 3 cm3 cm 3 cm66 cmccm 64cm 6 cm 6 cm
9 cm 9 cm 9 cm 9 cm 3 cm 6 cm 6 cm6 cm 66cm
cm cm 6 cm 6 cm 4 cm 46 cmcm
4 cm
cm 3 cm7 cm 7 cm 7 cm 66 4
cmcm
cm4 cm 4 cm 4 cm
59 cm5 cm 5 cm 5 5cm cm
7 cm
37 cm
cm 7 3cm
cm 736cm
cm
cm 6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 6 cm
9 cm 9 cm 9 cm 7 cm 7 cm 6 cm 7 6cm 6 cm 6 cm 4 cm 6 cm4 cm 4 cm 4 cm
5 cm 5 cm 5 cm 7 cm cm 4 cm
cm 4 cm
5 cm 5 cm 5 cm
7 cm 7 cm 10 10
cm 10 10 4 cm 10 cm
cm
5 cm 7 cm 6 cm cm 6 cm 10 cm
10 cm 6 cm 4 cm 10 cm 4 cm 4 cm
5 cm 5 cm 5 cm 7 cm 7 cm 7 cm 10 cm 10 cm10 cm
10 cm 10 cm 10 cm 10 cm
10 cm 10 cm 10
7m 7 m 7 m 77m m cm7 7mm 7m
6 m6 m
6m
6 m
6m 6m
6m
6 m 7 m 7m 7m
7m 7m
5 m5 m 55mm 5 m 5m 7m 7m
6m 6m 6m 6m 5m 5m
d 6m 6m e f 7m 7m 7m
6m 5m 5m 5m 5 m
6m 6m 5 m 5 m
6m 5m
5m 5m 5m

Pages 152–154
UNIT 7: Perimeter of irregular shapes
9 10 10 14 14
9
Question 1 Find
9 the perimeter of the following. (All10measurements are in centimetres.)
2 14
3 3 2
3 3 9 9 99 39 10 103
101010
24 2 14
141414
14 14
a 9 3 b c 10 4 2
33 3 1010 3 2 2 22 214 4
3 33 339 3 3 3 3 33 3 10
2 23 3 3 2 42 12
3 6 3 6 3 3 10 3 33 4 4 4442 42 2 12
6 3 3 36 3 3 3 3 101010 10 2 2 4 22 2 4 12
3 33 3 6 33 3 6 10
10
73 272 22 2 4 2 8 4 48 4 12 12
2 4 4 4 8 12 12
1212
3 6 6366 6 6 6 66 6 10 7
6 3 6 2
8 7 7 77 7 4 8 8 12
8 8
6 36 8 7 8 8 6
3 8 6
7 8 6
3 3 33 3 8 8 88 8
3 8 6 6 66 6
15 12 12 6
3 15 8
15 3 12 4 4
6 4
3 121212 12 4
15151515 15 3 3
3 12
12 6 4 4
9 d 9 15 9 6
9 e f 3 3
312 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
15 9 9 63 333 3 3 6 444 4 44 4
6 6 6 4 4
9 9 99 9 5 5 9 9 99 9 3 33 3 6 66 4 44 4
9 4 44 4
5 9 3 6
6 3 363 4
9 9 6 6 63 3 4 4 442 4 42 4 4
5 5 5 4 5 45 6 6 2 4 2
5 6 44 4
4 4 54454554444 4 6 12 12 3 3 333 3
33 3 4 2 2
5 4 5 4 5 12 3 33 4
2 2 224 2 4 2 2 22 2
5 5 5 5 3 3 2 2
4 55 455 55 5
5 12 12
121212 4
12 3 2 24
5 5 4 4
12 44 4
4
Question 2 Find 28
the missing lengths of the following shapes and then
8 find the perimeter of each.
28 8
(All measurements
28
are in centimetres.) 8
4 8
28 28
282828 4 8 8 88
8 8
a
12 28 4 b 12 8
12 28 4 4 44 4 12 8 8
12 4 12 88 8 88 8
8
12 12
121212 4 12 12
121212 8
8
12 12 88
12 8 8
12 88 8
20
20 8 24 24
20 24
20 20
202020 24 24
242424
20 24
4 4 20 24
12 12
c 4 d
4 4 44 4 6 12
4 6 12 12
121212
4 6 12
16 6 6 6612 6
16 6 6 6
16
6 6 6 6
16 16
161616 6 6 6 66 6 6
16
6 6 66 6 6 6
16 4 6 6 6
4

12 12 4 6 6 6 66 6
6
12 4 4 44 4
4 6
12 12
121212
Question 3 12 4
12
a If the perimeter of a square is 72 metres, b A room is measured 8.64 metres long and 5.36 metres
find the length of each side. wide. Find the difference between the length and
width in metres.

Pages 152–154
UNIT 8: Conversion of units of mass
Question 1 Convert the following to kilograms.

a 3 t = b 3.5 t = c 9.35 t =
d 8 t = e 8.32 t = f 4.9 t =
g 12 t = h 1.25 t = i 5.1 t =
j 4 t = k 7.5 t = l 8.392 t =
m 5000 g = n 500 g = o 3600 g =
p 8000 g = q 750 g = r 5675 g =
Question 2 Change the following to grams.

a 5 kg = b 1 t = c 8000 mg =
d 7 kg = e 12 kg = f 6.357 kg =
g 3.25 kg = h 15.35 kg = i 2 t =
j 9 mg = k 3.875 kg = l 2.508 kg =
m 8 kg = n 50 mg = o 6.07 kg =
p 300 mg = q 6.5 kg = r 9.008 kg =
Question 3 Convert the following to the units shown.

a 7000 g = kg b 38.3 t = kg c 6.5 g = mg
d 15 000 kg = t e 3500 g = kg f 25 000 mg = g
g 890 g = kg h 635 g = kg i 8.9 t = kg
j 2000 g = kg k 9000 kg t l 8605 kg = t
m 1.75 g = mg n 2.25 t = kg o 3.205 t = kg
p 450 g = kg q 4368 mg = g r 8900 kg = t

a 1 000 000 mg = kg b 11 000 kg = t c 5.1 t = kg
d 2.1 g = mg e 1000 g = t f 3 t = g
g 600 g = kg h 9500 kg = t i 9 t = mg

Pages 152–154
UNIT 9: Applications of mass
Question 1
a A ship has a mass of 36 500 000 kg. What b A packet of sugar weighs 800 g. How many
is this in tonnes? of these packets would weigh 1 tonne?

c There are five members in a family and the d A truck and its load have a mass of 33 t 600 kg.
average mass is 42.5 kg. What is the total mass? The mass of the truck is one-third of this. What
is the mass of the load?

e Find the mass of the container of a product if f Find the net mass (mass of contents) if the gross
its gross mass is 4.5 kg and net mass is 2540 g. mass of a package is 980 g and the container’s
mass is 160 g.

Question 2
a Arrange the following masses in ascending b A truck weighing 2.5 t is carrying a load of
order (from smallest to largest). 1635 kg. What is the total weight of the truck
380 g, 23.5 t, 18.8 kg, 3600 g, 1.9 kg, 4.2 t and the load? Give your answer in tonnes.

c Clare buys 3.5 kg of flour and she uses 360 g d Penny’s cat weighed 2.5 kg in March and by
for baking. How many grams of flour are left? August had put on 300 g. What was the cat’s weight
in kilograms in August?

Pages 152–154
UNIT 10: Conversion of units of time
a 1 minute (min) = seconds (s) b 1 hour (h) = minutes (min)
c 1 day = hours (h) d 1 week = days
e 1 fortnight = weeks f 1 month = weeks
g 1 year = weeks h 1 year = months
i 1 year = days j 1 leap year = days
k 1 decade = years l 1 century = years
m 1 millennium = years
Question 2 Which unit would be the best to use to measure the time:
a to travel from home to school?
b to travel from India to Australia by plane?
c to swim a distance of 100 metres?
d to play a hockey match?
e to drive from Sydney to Canberra?

a 4 decades = years b 480 minutes = hours
c 3 centuries = years d 2 years = days
e 9 minutes = seconds f 5 minutes = seconds
g 7 weeks = days h 2 hours = minutes
i 72 months = years j 96 hours = days
k 156 weeks = years l 10 minutes = seconds

Pages 152–154
UNIT 11: Addition and subtraction of time
Question 1
a h min b h min c h min

6 20 12 46 9 28
+ 5 18 + 9 12 + 6 18

d h min e h min f h min

5 34 9 41 15 40
+ 3 37 + 3 52 – 7 16

g h min h h min i h min

19 47 10 53 6 23
– 6 38 – 8 48 – 4 41

Question 2
a Add 4 days, 6 hours and 32 minutes to 7 days, 9 hours and 45 minutes.
b From 19 h 36 min take away 7 h 23 min.
c How many hours are there from Friday noon to 10 pm (the same day)?
d How many hours are there from 9.00 am to 3 pm the same day?
Question 3 What will be the time:

a 20 minutes after 10:20 am? b 15 minutes after 5:40 am?
c 50 minutes after 2:15 pm? d 25 minutes after 6:30 am?
e 15 minutes after 4:51 pm? f 32 minutes after 5:43 pm?
g 10 minutes after 8:57 am? h 17 minutes after 6:30 am?
i 35 minutes after 6:09 pm? j 3 hours after 9:10 pm?
Question 4 What is the length of time between:

a 10 am and 11 am? b 3:30 am and 5:40 am?
c 5 pm and 9 pm? d 3:25 am and 7:45 am?
e 6 am and 11 am? f 5:10 am and 10:30 am?
Pages 152–154
UNIT 12: Clocks and times
Question 1 Write in two different ways the time shown on the clocks below. Write your answers
in words.
a 11 b c 1
12 12 12
12 12 12 11 1 12 12 11 1 12 11 1
11 1 11 1 1 11 1 11 1 11
10 2 10 2 10 2
10 2 10 2 10 2 10 10 2 2 10 2
9 3 9 3 9 3
9 39 39 39 9 3 39 3
8 4 8 4 8 4
8 4 8 4 8 4 8 84 4 8 4
7 5 7 7 5 7 5
7 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 7 5 6 7 5 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
d
e
f
Question 2 Change the following to digital times.

a half past four b 8 o’clock
c a quarter past ten d midnight
e midday f twenty past ten
Question 3 Write the following times using am or pm.

a 7 in the morning b 10:20 at night
c 6:40 in the afternoon d 3 hours after 8 am
e 8:30 in the morning f 2 hours before noon
Question 4 Convert the following 24-hour times to 12-hour time (using am or pm).
a 0700 b 2317
c 1825 d 1921
e 0625 f 0900
Question 5 Convert the following 12-hour times to 24-hour time.

a 6 am b 2:45 pm
c 4:30 pm d 6:30 am
e 3:25 am f 10:20 am
g 7:48 pm h 9:10 pm

Pages 152–154
UNIT 13: P
roblem solving using 12– and
24-hour time
1 Write the plane arrival times in 12-hour time. State whether each time is am or pm.
a 0835 hours b 0943 hours c 1025 hours
d 1520 hours e 2036 hours f 2340 hours
2 Write the following times in 24-hour notation.
a 11
12
1 11
12
1 11 b
12
11
12
1 1 11
12
1 11
12
1111 1
1212
11 11
12 c
111
12 12
11 111
12
1 1 11
12
111
12
111
12 d1 11
12
1
10 102 10 2 10 102 2 10 21010 2 102 2 10 102 10 2 102 2 10 2 10 2 2 10 2
9 9 3 9 3
9 9 3 3 9 93
9 3 9 33 9 9 3
9 3 9 3 3 9 3
9 3 3 9 3
8 84 8 4 8 84 4 8 48 8 4 84 4 8 84 8 4 84 4 8 4 8 4 4 8 4
7 5 7 5 7 7 5 5 7 57 77 5 55 7 75 7 57 5 5 7 57 75 5 7 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
morning afternoon morning night

3 Write the times in 24-hour notation for the following digital clocks.
a b c d
4 Work out the time in hours and minutes between:

a 1130 hours and 1750 hours b 0820 hours and 1320 hours
5 Write the time in 24-hour notation.

a 15 minutes after 1630 hours b 20 minutes before 2300 hours
6 Write 2120 h in 12-hour time.
7 How long is it between 1800 h and 1955 h?
8 Convert the following times into 12-hour time indicating whether the time is am or pm.
a 1610 b 0935 c 2330
9 Convert the following 12-hour times into 24-hour time.

a 5:30 am b 3:20 pm c 10:40 pm
10 Liam is to fly from Sydney to Melbourne on a flight that leaves Sydney at 1830. The flight time is
1 hour and 50 minutes. What is the time in Sydney when Liam’s flight arrives in Melbourne?
Give the time in 24-hour time.

Pages 152–154
UNIT 14: P
roblem solving with length, mass
and time
1 A room is measured as 10.34 m long and 6.58 m 2 An equilateral triangle has a side of 9 cm. What is the
wide. Calculate the difference between the perimeter of the shape in centimetres?
length and breadth in metres.

3 I walked 5.347 km in the morning and 5283 4 Find the perimeter of a square whose side
metres in the evening. How many kilometres length is 8.25 cm.
did I walk altogether?

5 Find the perimeter of a rectangular block of 6 A ship has a mass of 45 960 000 kg. What is this
land which is 150 m long and 70 m wide. in tonnes?

7 Find the mass of the load if the mass of a 8 Jill needs 3 tonnes of salt. If a packet of salt weighs
loaded truck is 25.64 tonnes and the mass of 600 g how many packets does she need?
the empty truck is 12.63 tonnes.

9 There are 11 members in a team and the average 10 Find the mass of a container of a product if the
mass is 55 kg. What is the total mass? product’s gross mass is 2.75 kg and the net
mass is 2125 g.

11 If a pulse beats 75 times a minute, how 12 How many hours are there in two weeks?
many beats would there be in 30 minutes?


Length, mass and time
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 9 m equals:
A 90 mm B 900 mm C 900 cm D 9000 cm 1
2 How many 4-m lengths can be made from a piece 28 m long?
A 6 B 5 C 7 D 9 1
3 What is the perimeter of a rectangle 30 cm long and 14 cm wide?

A 88 cm B 60 cm C 64 cm D 56 cm 1
4 The height of a door would be closest to:

A 2 m B 10 m C 0.4 m D 90 cm 1
5 What is the cost of 4 kg of beans at $2.99 per kg?

A $8.97 B $10.94 C $11.96 D $12.63 1
1
6 5 4 kg can be written as:
23
A 5.005 kg B 5250 g C 4
kg D 5125 g 1
7 What is the most suitable unit to use to measure the mass of a lamb?
A metre B gram C tonne D kilogram 1
8 What is the number of grams in 6.25 kg?

A 625 B 62.5 C 6200 D 6250 1
9 1930 h is the same as:

A 9:30 am B 9:30 pm C 7:30 am D 7:30 pm 1
1
10 If a 1 2 hour test starts at 9:35 am what time should it finish?
A 10:05 am B 11:35 am C 11:30 am D 11:05 am 1
1
11 A tap drips every 1 2 seconds. How many times will it drip in 2 minutes?
A 90 B 80 C 70 D 60 1
12 A plane due at 3 pm arrived 28 minutes early. When did it arrive?

A 2:28 pm B 2:32 pm C 2:15 pm D 2:10 pm 1

12
Length, mass and time
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 Find the perimeter of a square whose side
length is 7 metres. 1
2 Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose

length is 20 cm and width 12 cm. 1
3 Find the perimeter of a rectangular block

of land 50 m long and 30 m wide. 1
1
4 How many metres are in 3 2 km? 1
5 What fraction of 4 metres is 25 cm? 1
6 Jack needs half a tonne of sugar. If a packet of sugar weighs

800 g how many packets does he need? 1
7 Convert 3000 kg to tonnes. 1
8 A carton has a mass of 12 kg. If it contains

30 cans of beans, what is the mass of each
can (ignoring the weight of the carton)? 1
1
9 The weight of a dog is 5 2 kg and he then
puts on 640 g in 6 months. What is
his weight now? 1
10 A cruise ship has a mass of

35 000 000 kg. What is this in tonnes? 1
11 How many minutes are there from

2:00 am to 5:00 am? 1
12 Express 5 days in hours. 1
13 How many hours are in a year? 1
14 Change 160 seconds into minutes and seconds. 1
15 Add 5 days, 7 hours and 45 minutes

to 3 days, 8 hours and 25 minutes. 1

15

Chapter 8
Area, volume and capacity Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 137–174
UNIT 1: Units of measurement
a 1 cm2 = b 1 m2 =
mm2 cm2
c 1 ha = d 1 km2 =
m2 m2
e 1 km2 = ha f 1 cm3 = mm3
g 1 m3 = h 1 L =
cm2 mL
i 1 kL = L j 1 cm3 = mL
k 1 m3 = L l 1 m3 = kL

Capacity/water Volume Mass
a
1 mL 1g
b
10 mL 10 cm3
c
100 mL 100 g
d
500 cm3 500 g
e
600 mL 600 cm3
f
800 mL 800 g
g
1L 1 000 cm3

a 7 cm2 = b 80 000 m2 =
mm2 ha
c 9 m2 = d 350 ha =
cm2 km2
e 5 ha = f 230 m2 =
m2 cm2
g 6 cm3 = h 5 000 000 cm3 =

mm3 m3
i 15 000 mm3 = j 49 cm3 =

cm3 mm3
k 8 m3 = kL l 50 000 L = m3
Pages 137–174
UNIT 2: Formulae for plane shapes and solids
Complete the following table by writing the formulae of the given plane shapes and solids.
Name Diagram Formula

Area =
1 Parallelogram
h
a
Area =
2 Trapezium h
Area =
d
3 Rhombus D
Area =
d
4 Kite
D
Area =
r
5 Circle Circumference =
Volume =
6 Cube x
l b Volume =
7 Rectangular prism h
r Volume =
8 Cylinder h
Volume =
9 Triangular prism
A
h
Chapter 8: Area, volume and capacity 87

Pages 137–174
UNIT 3: Area of parallelograms
Question 1 Find the area of each parallelogram.
a 6 cm b 8 cm
6 cm 8 cm
6 cm 8 cm
6 cm 10 cm 8 cm14 cm
10 cm 14 cm
10 cm 14 cm
10 cm 14 cm

c d
9 cm 8 cm
9 cm 8 cm
9 cm 5 cm 8 cm
16 cm
9 cm 5 cm 8 cm
16 cm
16 cm 5 cm
5 cm
16 cm
Question 2 Use the formula A = bh to find the Question 3 Complete the following table for the
area of each parallelogram given in area of parallelograms.
the table below.
Base Height Area Base Height Area
a 12 m 5 m a 8 m 160 m2
b 24 cm 9 cm b 20 cm 180 cm2
c 16 cm 21 cm c 8 mm 11 mm
d 14 m 9 m d 22 cm 15 cm
e 7 cm 18 cm e 16 m 128 m2
f 12 m 10 m f 10 mm 17 mm
g 6 cm 19 cm g 12 cm 108 cm2
h 14 m 12 m h 24 m 432 m2
i 32 cm 10 cm i 23 cm 253 cm2
j 15 mm 20 mm j 28 cm 15 cm
Pages 137–174
UNIT 4: Area of trapeziums
Question 1 Find the area of each trapezium.
a
10 m b
9 cm c 8 cm
12 m 5 cm
10 cm
22 m 15 cm 18 cm

d
10 km e
27 m f
11 m 9 cm 6 cm
7 km
4 cm
15 km 19 m

1.2 m
g
57 cm h
i 91.7 m
39 cm 3.8 m 52.5 m
5.4 m 59.5 m
87 cm 63.7 m
2m

Question 2
a Find the shaded area.
10 m

8m

26 m (not to scale)

b Is it possible to find the individual triangular areas? Briefly explain why or why not.

Pages 137–174
UNIT 5: Area of rhombuses
Question 1 Find the area of each rhombus. All measurements are in centimetres.
a b c
3 20
3 20
3 20
53 5 20 12
5 5 12
5 3 5 15 12 12
5 35 15
3 3 15 15
8
8
8 8

d e f
18 7 10
18
18 18 10
10 7 18
11
11
11 11

Question 2 F ind the area of each of the Question 3 Complete the following for the area
following rhombuses. of each rhombus.
Base Height Area Base Height Area
a 9 cm 7 cm a 6 m 5 m
b 12 cm 3 cm b 8 cm 32 cm2
c 14 m 5 m c 18 cm 4 cm
d 11 mm 6 mm d 12 cm 84 cm2
Diagonal 1 Diagonal 2 Diagonal 1 Diagonal 2

Area Area
(d1) (d2) (d1) (d2)
e 10 m 6 m e 13 m 65 m2
f 15 cm 8 cm f 14 cm 8 cm
g 25 mm 6 mm g 9 cm 99 cm2
Pages 137–174
UNIT 6: Area of kites
Question 1 Find the area of the following kites. All measurements are in centimetres.
a
3 b c
3 4
6 4
54 34 3 6
54 4 2 3 4
2 6 6
5 94 9 4 3 8 11
11 6
23 3 8
9 8 11 6
3

4
d e f 4
7
8 7
5 8 4
5
8 7 7
7
6 5 2 3 3 12
6 2 3 3 12
5 7
5 32 3 12
6 2 2
5
2
Question 2 F ind the area of each of the Question 3 C

omplete the following for the area
following kites. of each kite.
Diagonal 1 Diagonal 2 Area Diagonal 1 Diagonal 2 Area
(d1) (d2) (d1) (d2)
a 9 cm 7 cm a 6 m 5 m
b 14 m 5 m b 18 cm 4 cm
c 11 mm 6 mm c 12 cm 84 cm2
d 10 m 6 m d 13 m 65 m2
e 15 cm 8 cm e 14 cm 8 cm
f 25 mm 6 mm f 9 cm 99 cm2

Pages 137–174
UNIT 7: Area of plane shapes
Question 1 Find the area of the following shapes. All measurements are in centimetres.
a b c
4.8 5.2
12.6
9.4 6.8
d 57.2 e 7 f
15
9 12
13
15
31.5 65.3
10 4
g h
7 i
8
10 6 7 13
15
12

13
j k l 11.8
15 17 11
21 25.6
Pages 137–174
UNIT 8: Problem solving with area
1 Calculate the number of square centimetres (cm2) in a square metre (m2).
2 Calculate the number of square metres (m2) in a square kilometre (km2).
3 Calculate the number of square metres (m2) in a hectare.
4 A rectangular playground measures 150 m by 250 m. Find its area in hectares (ha).
5 A garden is in the shape of a parallelogram with the base 30 m and the height 16 m. What is the cost of top
dressing the garden at $28 per square metre?

6 In a hotel, a reception area is in the form of a rhombus with its base length 50 m and height 20 m.
a Calculate its area in square metres.
b Find the cost of tiling the floor if tiling costs $130 per square metre.
7 The area of a parallelogram is the same as the area of a square with side length 30 cm. Calculate the height of
the parallelogram if its base is 45 cm.

8 A farm has an area of 180 km2. Calculate this area in hectares.
9 Another farm has an area of 320 ha (hectares). Calculate its area in:
a m2
b km2 (square kilometres)
10 A rectangular mirror measures 190 cm by 20 cm and is surrounded by a frame of width 5 cm. Calculate the:
a area of the mirror
b area of the frame
c total area

Pages 137–174
UNIT 9: Volume of cubes
Question 1 C
alculate the volume of each of the following cubes whose side length is given.
a 2 cm b 3 cm c 10 cm
d 1.2 m e 3.4 m f 12 m
g 9 cm h 4.1 m i 1.8 m
Question 2 Find the volume of each cube. (All measurements are in metres.)
a
b
c
7 11
9
7
7 9 9
11
11

d
e
f
15
14
13
13
15 13
15 14 14
Question 3 Find the side length of the cube with given volume.
a 512 cm3
b 1728 cm3

Pages 137–174
UNIT 10: Volume of rectangular prisms
Question 1 Find the volume of each rectangular prism whose dimensions are given below.
(All measurements are in centimetres.)
Length Breadth Height Volume Length Breadth Height Volume
a 8 6 4 d 14 7 8
b 7 5 3 e 12 5 7
c 20 8 9 f 9 6 4

Question 2 Insert the missing measurements in the table for the volume of various rectangular
prisms. (All measurements are in centimetres.)
Length Breadth Height Volume Length Breadth Height Volume
a 8 5 7 d 6 9 594 cm3
b 10 6 5 e 12 8 384 cm3
c 7 4 140 cm3 f 15 6 9

Question 3 Find the volume of each rectangular prism. (All measurements are in centimetres.)
a
b
c
6 6
7
3 12 5 4
8 10
d
e
f
9
9
8
4
3 4
11 4
12

Pages 137–174
UNIT 11: Volume of triangular prisms
Question 1 Find the volume of the following triangular prisms. All lengths are in centimetres and
areas in square centimetres.
a b c
15
10 12
A = 34
A = 25 A = 42

15
10 12
A = 34
A = 25 A = 42
8
4 15
5 33
d 18 e f
25
12 3
4 8 15
5 33
18 25
12 3
Question 2 F ind the volume of each of the Question 3 Complete the following table for
following triangular prisms whose triangular prisms with these
dimensions are given below. dimensions.
Cross-sectional Cross-sectional
Height Volume Height Volume
area area
a 64 cm2 10 cm a 36 m2 8m
b 45 m2 8m b 11 cm 286 cm3
c 80 cm2 9 cm c 25 m2 9m
d 32 cm2 6 cm d 42 m2 756 m3
e 88 m2 12 m e 12 cm 276 cm3
Pages 137–174
UNIT 12: Volume of prisms—miscellaneous
Question 1 Find the volume of the following prisms. All lengths are in centimetres and areas in
square centimetres.
a b c
11 12
5 12
29
9
11
11 18 12
11
5
12
29
11 9
11 18

d e f
11
A = 96
A = 84
3 12
15 21
11
A = 96
A = 84
3 12 18 cm 21
15
15 cm

15 cm
12 cm
10 cm
8 cm
9 cm
18 cm
26 cm
Question 2 For the given solid: 24 cm
10 cm
a divide it into a rectangular prism and a triangular prism 9 cm
24 cm
b find the volume of the rectangular prism 12 cm
8 cm

26 cm
c find the volume of the triangular prism
d find the total volume of the solid
Question 3 For the given solid:
a find the area of the front outer rectangle

27 cm
b find the area of the front inner rectangle 10 cm
9 cm
5 cm
c find the cross-sectional area
16 cm 10 cm
8 cm 8 cm
d find the volume of the solid 3 cm
48 cm 5 cm
16 cm
27 cm
Chapter 8: Area, volume and capacity 8 cm 3 cm97
9 cm
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74020 033 2 16 cm8
Excel Essential Skills Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook Year
16 cm 8 cm
Pages 137–174
UNIT 13: Problem solving with volume
1 Calculate the volume of a rectangular prism with base area of 120 cm2 and height of 25 cm.

2 Find the side length of a cube whose volume is 343 cm3.

3 A rectangular prism has dimensions 60 mm × 100 mm × 140 mm. Calculate the volume of the prism in:
a cubic millimetres b cubic centimetres

4 A small cube has dimensions 3 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm.
a Calculate the volume of one small cube. b Calculate the volume of 30 small cubes.

c Calculate the number of small cubes of this size that would fit into a rectangular box with dimensions
18 cm × 20 cm × 30 cm.

5 If the side lengths of a cube are doubled, how many times greater is the volume of the prism.
6 The cross-sectional area of a triangular prism is 280 cm2 and its height is 30 cm. What is its volume?

7 A triangular prism has a volume of 900 cm3 and a height of 15 cm. Find its cross-sectional area.

8 A prism has its side face in the form of a parallelogram, with its base 20 cm and height 8 cm.
If the depth of the prism is 35 cm, find its volume.

Pages 137–174
UNIT 14: Capacity and volume
Question 1 Convert the following to the units given.
a 50 000 mL = L b 10.253 L = mL c 9.6 kL = L
d 18.5 L = mL e 8.3 kL = L f 18.35 L = mL
g 4 kL = L h 9863 mL = L i 2384 mL = L
j 9350 mL = L k 12.78 L = mL l 8.8 kL = L
Question 2 Convert the following to the units given.

a 9000 mm3 = cm3 b 4 mL = cm3 c 2648 cm3 = L
d 20 000 L = kL e 6000 mm3 = cm3 f 19 000 cm3 = L
g 3000 cm3 = L h 15 000 cm3 = L i 9530 mm3 = cm3
j 5 000 000 cm3 = m3 k 9875 mL = cm3 l 7685 L = cm3
Question 3
a A jug has a volume of 18 000 cm3. How many litres of water can it hold?

b A swimming pool holds 35 000 L of water. How many kilolitres is this?

5
c A bottle contains of a litre of drink. How many millilitres is this?
8

Question 4 A fish tank measures 85 cm × 60 cm × 40 cm.

a Find the volume of the tank in cubic centimetres.
b How many litres of water will the tank hold?
Question 5 Find the volume of the following prisms and then find how many millilitres of liquid
each would hold.
a
b
c
14 cm 9 cm
50 cm
14 cm 12 cm
14 cm 18 cm A = 70 cm2

Pages 137–174
UNIT 15: P
roblem solving with area, volume
and capacity
1 A rectangular tank with dimensions 60 cm × 65 cm × 80 cm is filled with water.
How much water will it hold?

2 A dripping tap loses 10 mL of water every 45 seconds. How much water will be lost in 6 hours?
3 Find the side length of a cube that has a volume of 6859 cm3.

7
4 Madeleine drank of a litre of milk. How many millilitres is this?
8

5 Sixty-five children went on a picnic. Each child drank a can of drink containing 300 mL. How many litres
was this?

6 A rectangular prism has dimensions 12 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm.

a What is its volume? b What would be its volume if all the dimensions
were doubled?

7 Find the area of a photograph that is 70 cm long and 40 cm wide.
8 The perimeter of a square is 60 cm. Find its area.
9 A triangle has an area of 1750 cm2. If the base of the triangle is 70 cm long, find its height.
10 Jasbir drank 1.250 litres of milk. How many millilitres is this?
11 One of the faces of a cube has an area of 256 cm2. What is the volume of the cube?
12 Find the total area of the four walls of a room 14 m long, 8 m wide and 5 m high.
Area, volume and capacity
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 Which formula can be used to find the area of any trapezium?
A A = 12bh B A = bh C A = 12(a + b)h D A = 2(a + b)h 1
2 How many tiles, each measuring 20 cm × 20 cm, are needed to cover a floor 2 m × 5 m?
A 250 B 2500 C 5000 D 40 1
3 A rhombus has diagonals of lengths 14 cm and 18 cm. What is the area of the rhombus?
A 63 cm 2
B 126 cm 2
C 252 cm 2
D 504 cm 2 1
4 What is the area of this shape? 14 m

A 80 m 2
B 112 m C 140 m
2 2
8m
D There is not enough information to determine the area. 10 m
1
5 A triangular prism has perpendicular height 12 cm. The area of the triangular face is
15 cm2. What is the volume of the prism?
A 45 cm3 60 cm3 B C 90 cm 3
D 180 cm 3 1
6 If the volume of cube is 125 cm3, what is its side length?

A 15 cm B 5 cm C 25 cm D 12.5 cm 1
7 How many square millimetres are in 5 cm2?

A 5 mm 2
B 50 mm 2
C 500 mm 2
D 5000 mm 2 1
11 cm
8 What is the area of this trapezium?
A 246 cm 2
B 266.5 cm 2
20 cm 12 cm 13 cm
C 330 cm 2
D 410 cm 2
30 cm
1
9 How many cubic centimetres are in 7 m3?

A 7000 cm 3
B 70 000 cm 3
C 700 000 cm 3
D 7 000 000 cm 3 1
10 The volume of a rectangular prism 6 cm × 8 cm × 10 cm equals:

A 4.8 cm 3
B 48 cm 3
C 480 cm 3
D 80 cm 3 1
11 Which is the capacity of a glass closest to?

A 35 mL B 350 mL C 3500 mL D 35 000 mL 1

11

Area, volume and capacity
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 Find the area of the following shapes.

a
b c
15 cm 20 cm 90 cm 13 cm
7 cm
2.1 m
25 cm
d
e 4m f
8 cm 10 cm 5m 3m 9 cm
12 cm
15 cm
8m
2 Find the volume of these prisms.

a
b
5m
4m 70 cm2
2m
3m 5 cm
1
1
3 Find the volume of a cube with sides 7 cm. 1

4 Find the volume of a rectangular prism
8 cm × 10 cm × 12 cm. 1
5 How many cubic centimetres are in one cubic metre? 1
6 A jug has a volume of 5000 cm3.
How many litres of water can it hold? 1

12
Chapter 9
Circles Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 142–151
UNIT 1: Parts of circles
Question 1 Name the part of the circle indicated.
a
b
c
d
e
f

a lo n g thlo n
nc e a g
g i s ta a nctaenacleo nngec teh ea ltoh en g th
h
s t s a e
st
bo
Di
b o d a ry
Di
b o d a ry
un
Di
bo
Di
un d
un
un d
a ry
a ry

j
k
l
c e a lo n g th e
an
st
bo
Di
un d
a ry

Question 2 Find the fraction of the circle given in the following diagrams.
a b c d
270° 45° 120°
Question 3
a If the diameter of a circle is b If the radius of a circle is 12 cm, what is
18 cm, find its radius. its diameter?

Chapter 9: Circles 103

Pages 142–151
UNIT 2: Circumference of circles
Question 1 Calculate the circumference of the following circles correct to one decimal place.
a
b c 6c
4 cm m
3
cm

d
e
f
26 cm cm
15 32
cm

g
h
i
cm
2
cm
10
cm
22
Question 2 B
y using as the value of π, find the approximate length of the circumference for
7
these circles.
a
7
b c
cm
m
49 c 21 cm
Question 3 Find, to one decimal place, the circumference of a circle with:

a radius 11 km b diameter 57 m c radius 23 cm

d diameter 94 cm e diameter 78 mm f radius 19 m

12 cm
14 cm
12 cm 12 cm 20 cm
14 cm
Circles 14 cm
Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
20 cm
3:12Applications
cm
Pages 142–151
UNIT of circumference
14 cm
12 cm 20 cm
20 cm 20 cm
Question 1 12 cm
Calculate 14 of
the total perimeter cm the following semicircles correct to one decimal place.
15.814cm
cm 20.7 cm 20 cm 1
a
12 cm
1520
cmcm b c 21 cm
15.8 cm 14
17cm
20.7 cm 13.5 cm
15.8 cm 20.7 cm 1
15.8 cm 20.7 cm 13.5 cm

7 cm
15.8 cm
15.8 20.7 cm 13.5 cm
13.5 cmcm7 cm
20.7 cm
7 cm
13.5 cm
15.8
18.3 cm
13.5 cmcm 20.7
17.9cm
cm 13.5
24.6 cm
cm
7 cm 21 cm
Question 2 Find the total perimeter of these quadrants.
21 cm
7 cm 14 cm 21 cm
7 cm
a b c 21.7 cm
15.4 cm
77cm
cm 21.7 cm
21 cm 21.7 cm
15.4 cm 15.4 cm 14 cm 14.2 cm
21 cm 14.2 cm 14 cm 14.2 cm
21 cm
21.7 cm 14 cm
14 cm 15.4 cm
21
14cm
cm 14
14 cm 21.7 cm 21 cm
cm
15.4 cm 21.7 cm 14.2 cm
15.4 cm 20 cm
21.7 cm
28 cm
15.4 14.2 cm 15 cm
14.2 cm 20 cmcm
35.7 cm 2018
cmcm 14.2 cm
5
Question 3 Find18the
cm perimeter of each of these figures 15 cm
correct
18 cm
14.2
14.7 cm
to one decimal
cm place. 15 cm
14.2 cm
a
20 cm b c 5 cm 5 cm 5
20 cm
15 cm
2018
cmcm
20 cm 5 cm 5 cm
18 cm 15 cm
15 cm 20
15cm
cm
18 cm 15 cm 20 cm
7 cm 5 cm 5 cm
5 cm 5 18
cmcm 5 cm 5 cm 15 cm
15 cm 18 cm 20 cm cm
85
7 cm20 cm 7 cm
14.7 cm 20 cm
51 cm 54 cm
54 cm
cm cm
5 cm 5 cm 5.3 cm
20
28 cm
68 cm
cm
20 cm 5.3 cm 85 cm
5.3 cm
7 cm 51 cm
d e f 85 cm
7 cm 85 cm 68 cm 85 cm
51 cm
7 cm
51 cm 5.3 cm 51 cm
cm
8 cm 40 85
714cm 85 cm 6814cmcmcm
cm68 cm 5.3 cm 51 cm 68 cm
51 cm 8 cm 8 cm5.3 cm
14 cm 14 26 cm
cm
68 cm
40 cm 20 cm
68 cm 5.3
6.7cm
cm
8 cm 40 cm
40 cm 14 cm 40 cm
18 cm 20 cm
8 cm 40 cm
40 cm 8 cm 14 cm 40 cm
14 cm 20 cm
g 20 cm h i 20 cm
89cm
cm 18 cm
14cm
14 cm
2020cm
cm
20 cm
9 cm 18 cm
18 cm 18 cm
36cm
18 cm
18 cm

Pages 142–151
UNIT 4: Area of circles
Question 1 Calculate the area of the following circles correct to one decimal place using the
calculator value of π.
a
b c
m m m
3c 5c 9c

d
e
f
cm cm cm
13 17 19

g
h
i
cm
10
22
cm
8
cm

22
Question 2 By using
as the value of π, find the approximate area of these circles.
7
a b c
m cm
7c 35 cm
14
Question 3 Find the area, to one decimal place, of a circle with:

a radius 25 km b radius 1.8 m c diameter 37 mm

d radius 73 cm e diameter 400 km f diameter 13.9 cm

15 cm 21 cm
15 cm
17 cm 17 cm
15 cm 21 cm
Circles
15 cm
17 cm
Excel 21 cm
Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
17 cm Pages 142–151
UNIT 5: Applications of area 21 cm
15 cm
21 cm 17 cm
1 cmCalculate the area of the following
Question 18.3 17.9
18.3cm
semicircles correct to
cm 24.6
one decimal cm
17.9place.
cm
15cm
cm 21cm
21 cm
a 15 b 17cmcm c 21 cm
15 cm 17
18.3 cm
15 cm 17
17.9 cm cm 24.6 cm 21 cm
17 cm
18.3 cm 17.9 cm 24.6 cm
7 cm 7 cm
18.3 cm 17.9 cm 24.6 cm
24.6 cm

18.37cmcm
cm 17.9cm
cm 24.6cm
cm
18.3 17.9 24.6
18.3 cm 17.9 cm 24.6 cm
7 cm 14 cm
18.3 cm 17.9 cm 24.6 cm 21 cm 14 cm
Question 2 7Find
cm
the area of these quadrants correct to one decimal place.
a b 14 cm28 cm c 21 cm 28 cm
35.7 cm 35.7 cm
77cm
cm 14 cm 14.721cm
cm
7 cm 28 cm 1
7 cm35.7 cm 14 cm
28 cm 21 cm
35.7 cm
21 cm 14.7 cm
14
2814 cm
cmcm

14.7 cm 21cm
21 cm
35.7 cm 14 cm 21 cm
15 cm
14 cm 15 cm
28cm
28 cm 14.7 cm21 cm
18 cm
35.7
35.7 cm
cm 28 cm18 cm
14.7 cm
Question 3 Find 35.7 cm
15 cmthe area of these shapes correct to one decimal 14.7
28 cm
cm
place. 14.7cm
4 cm
cm
4 cm 14.7 cm
35.7 cm 14.7 28 cm
a 1518cmcm b c 14.7 cm
14.7 cm 4 cm
14.7 cm 4 cm
1815cmcm 28 cm
14.7 cm 4 cm 4 cm
18 cm 28 cm
14 cm 15cm
15 cm 14.7 cm 4 cm 4 cm
14 cm
14.7 cm 4 cm 15 cm
4 cm
18cmcm 28 cm 26 cm
15 cm 18
28 cm 14.7 cm 4 cm
14 cm
18 cm 6.7 cm cm
14.7 4 cm 44cm
6.7 cm
cm
18 cm 14.7 cm 4 cm 28 cm 4 cm
14.7 cm 4 cm 2628cm cm
4cmcm
14 cm 4028cm
d e 6.7 cm f 28 cm
26 cm
14 cm 40 cm
6.7 cm
m
9 cm
14 cm 9 cm 726c cm
114 4020
cmcm
cm
14 cm 26 cm
14cm 6.7 cm 40 cm
14 cm 9 cm 26cmcm 9 cm
9 cm 40 cm 26 26
14 cm 14 cm 6.7 cm 36 cm cm
6.7 cm 20 cm
9 cm 6.7 cm 26 cm
14 cm 9 cm 40 cm 20 cm
6.7 cm
40 cm
9 cm 14 cm 9 cm
36 cm
4040cm cm 20 cm
g 20 cm
h i 36 cm40 cm
99cm
cm 9 cm
14cm
14 cm 40 cm
cm 9 cm 36 cm 20cm
20 cm
14 cm
936cmcm 20 cm
14 cm 99cm
cm
9 cm 20 cm
36cm
36 cm
9 cm 36 cm

36 cm


Pages 142–151
UNIT 6: Miscellaneous questions
Question 1 Calculate the circumference of each circle correct to one decimal place.
a
b c
cm
cm 12
77
11
cm
Question 2 Calculate the area of each circle correct to two decimal places.
a
9
c
b c
m 54
cm
mc
Question 3 Calculate the perimeter of the following shapes correct to three significant figures.
a
b 18 cm c
7 cm 7 cm 7 cm
12 cm
5 cm
8 cm
7 cm 9 cm
5c
m
6
cm
20 cm
8 cm
8 cm
9 cm
cm 5
Question 4 Calculate the shaded area of the following shapes correct to two decimal places.
6
cm
20 cm
a b c
cm
8 cm
8cm
9 cm
9 cm
8 8cm
5c 9 cm
5 cm
8 cm
5 cm
66 6 m
5 cm 9 cm
cmcmcm
10 cm m5 cm 12 cm 20 cm
20 cm
6
8 cm 20 cm
c
8 cm
8 cm 20 cm
9 cm
8 cm
8 cm5 10 cm
cm
5 cm
6
cm
10 cm 12 cm
18 20 cm
158cm
cm
5 cm10 cm
10 cm 12 cm 5 cm 5 cm
10 cm 12 12
cm cm 5 cm
d 10 cm
10 cm e 18cm
12 cm f
15 cm
5 cm10 cm 10 cm
10 cm 12 cm 10 cm
10 cm
18 18
cm cm
15 cm
15 cm 18 cm 10 cm
15 cm 18 cm
15 cm
18 cm
15 cm

Pages 142–151
UNIT 7: Problem solving with circles
1 A circular track has a radius of 28 metres. Calculate the distance round the track.
2 Calculate the area of the circle formed by the circular track in Question 1.
3 Calculate the radius of a circle with a circumference of 220 cm.
4 Find the area of the top of a can 16 cm in diameter and with 12 cm height to one decimal place.
5 The circumference of a circle is 200 cm. Find the area of the circle.
6 Find the circumference of a circle with diameter equal to 18 cm.
7 What distance do you ride in one turn of a merry-go-round when you sit 6.3 metres from the centre?
8 The wheel of a bicycle has a radius of 25 cm. How far does the bicycle travel when its
wheels make one complete turn?

9 What is the cooking area of a circular barbecue grill having a radius of 18 cm?

10 A revolving sprinkler sprays a lawn for a distance of 14 metres in all directions. How much area does the
sprinkler water in one revolution?

11 Two cylindrical cans are both 25 cm high. One can has a base with a radius of 10 cm, and the other has a
radius of 20 cm. Find the ratio of the area of their bases.

12 Find the circumference of a circle with diameter of 68 cm.
13 Find the area of a round tablecloth if its diameter is 3 metres.
14 A circular ring has a radius of 1.5 metres. What is the perimeter of the ring?

Circles
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 What is the formula for the circumference of a circle?
A C = 2π B C = 2π C C = 2πr D C = 2πd 1
r d
2 What is the formula for the area of a circle?
A A = πr 2
B A = πd 2
C A = rπ 2
D A = dπ 2
1
3 What is the exact value of π?

A 3.14 B 3.142 C 227 D none of these 1
4 What is the relationship between the diameter and radius of a circle?

A d = 2r B r = 2d C rd = 2 D none of these 1
5 Which of these is a name for part of the circumference of a circle?

A arc B radius C sector D segment 1
6 The circumference of a circle of radius 7 cm is closest to:

A 44 cm B 24 cm C 22 cm D 14 cm 1
7 The area of a circle of diameter 28 cm is closest to:

A 88 cm 2
B 616 cm 2
C 1232 cm 2
D 2463 cm 2 1
8 The area of a quadrant with a radius 10 cm is closest to:

A 157.1 cm 2
B 31.4 cm 2
C 78.5 cm 2
D 314.2 cm 2 1
9 The radius of a circle is 12 cm. Its diameter equals:

A 6 cm B 12 cm C 24 cm D 12π cm 1
10 The area of a circle of radius 3 cm is approximately equal to:

A 27 cm 2
B 28 cm 2
C 29 cm 2
D none of these 1
11 The circumference of a circle is 154 cm. Which is closest to the length of the diameter?
A 24 cm B 49 cm C 98 cm D 242 cm 1
12 In how many places does a chord meet the circumference?

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 0 1

12
Circles
TOPIC TEST PART B
• Answer each question in the space provided

Marks
1 If the diameter of a circle is 24 cm, what is its radius? 1
2 What name is given to the shaded part of each circle?

a b
O O O O 1
3 A circle has radius 21 cm. To one decimal place, find the:

a circumference
b area
1
1
4 A circular pond has a diameter of 4 m. To one decimal place, find the:

a area
b circumference
1
1
5 A semicircle has radius 48 cm. Find the:

a perimeter to the nearest centimetre b area to the nearest square centimetre
1
1
6 A quadrant has radius 9 cm. Find, to one decimal place, the:

a area
b perimeter
1
1
7 Find the shaded area to the nearest square centimetre.

a
b
12 cm
12 cm 1
16 cm
16 cm
20 cm
20 cm 1

13

Chapter 10
Linear relationships Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 66–86
UNIT 1: The number plane
Question 1 Write the letter used to name the following points.
a (0, 0) b (1, 1)
c (2, 2) d (3, 3)
D E F G H
e (4, 4) f (0, 1) 4
g (0, 2) h (0, 3)
C S T U I
i (0, 4) j (1, 0) 3
k (2, 0) l (3, 0)
m (4, 0) n (2, 1) 2
B R Y V J
o (2, 3) p (2, 4)
q (1, 2) r (1, 3) A Q X W K
1
s (1, 4) t (3, 1)
u (3, 2) v (3, 4) O P N M L
w (4, 1) x (4, 2) 0 1 2 3 4
Question 2 Write down the coordinates of the following points shown in the number plane.
a A y
b B 7
L
c C 6
M K
d D 5
J
e E 4
F G H I
3
f F E D
2
g G A B C
1
N O P
h H
–x –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
i I –1
Z
X U Y
j J –2
V W
–3
k K T R
–4
l L S
–5
Q
m M –6
n N –7
o O –y
p P
q Q r R s S t T
u U v V w W x X
y Y z Z
Pages 66–86
UNIT 2: Tables of values
Question 1 Complete each table of values.
a y = x
b y = 2x
x 0 1 2 3 x –1 0 1 2
y y

d y = –x
c y = 3x
x –2 –1 0 1 x –1 0 1 2
y y

e y = x + 2 f y = x – 3
x –2 –1 0 1 x –1 0 1 2
y y

Question 2 Complete each table of values and list the coordinates of the points.
a y = 2x + 1 b p = 2q – 1
x –1 0 1 2 q –1 0 1 2
y p

c c = 2d + 3 d m = 3n + 2
d –1 0 1 2 n 0 1 2 3
c m

e s = 4t – 3 f a = 3b – 2
t –1 0 1 2 b –1 0 1 2
s a

Chapter 10: Linear relationships 113

Pages 66–86
UNIT 3: Graphing straight lines
Question 1 Complete each table of values and then graph the equation on the number plane.
a y = x + 2 b y = x – 1 c y = –x + 3
x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2
y y y

y y y
x x x
Question 2 Complete each table of values and then graph the equation on the number plane.
a x = 2 b y = 3 c y = x
x x 0 1 2 3 x 0 1 2 3
y 0 1 2 3 y y

y y y
x x x
Question 3 On the same number plane, graph the following equations by first completing the tables
of values. Find their point of intersection.
a y = x y = –x b y = x + 2 y = 2x + 1
x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2
y y y y

Point of intersection Point of intersection

y y
x x
Pages 66–86
UNIT 4: Using the intercept method to graph lines
Question 1 Find the x-intercept for each equation.
a x + y = 2 b x – y = 4
c 2x + y = 6 d 2x – y = 8
e x – 3y = 6 f 2x – 3y = 12
Question 2 Find the y-intercept for each equation.

a x – 2y = 4 b x – y = 8
c 2x + y = 6 d 2x – y = 3
e 3x – 4y = 12 f 3x – y = 3
Question 3 Draw the graph of each equation, given the x-intercept and the y-intercept:
a x-intercept = 3, y-intercept = 2 b x-intercept = –1, y-intercept = 3
y y

x x
Question 4 For each equation, find the x-intercept and the y-intercept and then draw its graph.
a y = –2x + 3 b x + y – 5 = 0
y y
x 0 x 0
y 0 y 0

x x
4
c y = 2x – 3 d y = 3x – 1
y y
x 0 x 0
y 0 y 0

x x


Pages 66–86
UNIT 5: Intersection of two lines
Question 1 Graph each pair of lines on the same number plane and find their point of intersection.
a x = 1; y = 3
x = 1 y=3 y
x x
y y

x

b x = 3; y = –2
x = 3 y = –2 y
x x
y y

x
Question 2 Graph each pair of lines on the same number plane and find their point of intersection.
a y = 2x – 1; y = –x + 2
y = 2x – 1 y = –x + 2 y
x x
y y

x

b y = 3x – 1; y = x – 3
y = 3x – 1 y=x–3 y
x x
y y

x
Pages 66–86
UNIT 6: D
etermining whether or not a point lies
on a line
Question 1 Which of the following points lie on the line 3x + 4y = 12?
a (0, 3) b (0, 0)
c (–4, 6) d (4, 3)
e (4, 0) f (8, –3)
Question 2 Which of the following lines pass through the origin, (0, 0)?
a 2x – y + 2 = 0 b 2y = 3x
c x – 5y = 0 d 2x + 3y = 6
e y = –2x f y = 5x – 4
Question 3 Does the given point lie on the given line?

a x + 2y = 3 (3, 0) b x + y = 2 (0, 2)
c 2x + 3y = 6 (3, –2) d y = 5x – 3 (1, 2)
e y = –x + 7 (4, 3) f 2x + y = 5 (2, –1)
Question 4 A straight line y = mx + 8 passes through the point (–2, 2). Find the value of m.
Question 5 If the point (–3, –6) is on the line ax – 4y – 9 = 0, what is the value of a?
Question 6 F
ind the missing coordinates to make each of the following points satisfy the equation
y = 3x – 2.
a (0, ) b ( , 4)
c (1, ) d (5, )
e ( , –5) f ( , –8)

Pages 66–86
UNIT 7: Using graphs to solve linear equations
1 Use the graph of y = x + 1 on the right to write the x-value, when: y=x+1
y
a y = 3 b y = –2 c y = 5 4
x= x =
x= 2
–4 –2 0 2 4 x
–2
–4

2 Use your answers from Question 1 to solve the following equations.
a x + 1 = 3 b x + 1 = –2 c x + 1 = 5
3 The graph of y = 2x – 3 is drawn opposite. Use the graph to solve each of the 10
y
following equations. 8
a 2x – 3 = 3 b 2x – 3 = –4
6

4

2 y = 2x – 3
c 2x – 3 = 1 d 2x – 3 = 5
–2 0 2 4 6 8x
–2
4 The graph of y = 3x + 2 is drawn opposite. Use the graph to solve each of the
following linear equations.
a 3x + 2 = –1 b 3x + 2 = 5 y
4

2
y = 3x + 2
0 x
c 3x + 2 = –4 d 3x + 2 = 8 –4 –2
–2
2 4
–4
Question 5 T
he graph of y = –x + 2 is drawn opposite. Use the graph to 10
y
solve each of the following equations.
8
a –x + 2 = 3 b –x + 2 = 6
6

4

2 y = –x + 2
c –x + 2 = –2 d –x + 2 = 0
–2 0 2 4 6 8x
–2
Linear relationships
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 The straight line y = 2x – 1 passes through one of the following points. Which one?
A (0, 2) B (0, –2) C (0, 1) D (0, –1) 1
2 Which graph best represents y = x?

A asd y
B y C y
D y 1
x x
x
x
3 The equation of the line l is: y l
A x = –3 B x=3
x
C y = –3 D y=3 0 3 1
4 If the x-coordinate of a point on the line y = 8 – 2x is 1, what is the y-coordinate?

A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 1
5 If the y-coordinate of a point on the line y = 5 + 3x is 20, what is the x-coordinate?

A 5 B 4 C 3 D 2 1
6 Which one of the following points lies on the y-axis?

A (2, 3) B (3, 2) C (0, 6) D (6, 0) 1
7 Which linear rule states that y is always 3 less than x?

A y = 3 – x B y = x – 3 C y = –x – 3 D y = 3 + x 1
8 On which of the following lines does the point (5, 1) lie?

A 4x + 5y = 15 B 5x – 4y = 15 C 4x – 5y = 15 D 5x + 4y = 15 1
9 Which one of the following points lies on the line 2x – y = 4?

A (1, –4) B (2, 0) C (–1, 6) D (–2, 3) 1
10 What is the x-intercept of the line x + 2y = 4?

A 4 B –4 C 2 D –2 1
11 What is the y-intercept of the line 2x – 3y = 6?

A 2 B –2 C 3 D –3 1
12 The coordinates of the point of intersection of the lines x = 3 and y = –5 are:

A (–5, 3) B (5, –3) C (–3, 5) D (3, –5) 1

12

Linear relationships
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 Match each table of values with an equation.
a b 1
x –2 –1 0 1 x –2 –1 0 1
1
y –5 –3 –1
y –2 1 4 7 1

c d 1
x –2 –1 0 1 x –3 0 3 6
1
y –4 –2
y –1 0 1 20 2

e f 1
x –2 –1 0 1 x –3 0 3 6
1
y 9 7 5 3 y 9 0 –9 –18

x y
i y = 2x ii y= 3

iii y = 2x – 1 iv
y = 5 – 2x
v y = 3x + 4 vi
y = –3x 2
0 x
2 a O
n the same number plane, draw
the graphs of the following lines.
i x = –3 ii y=1
b Write the coordinates of the point of intersection y
of the lines x = –3 and y = 1. 1
3 a Complete the table of values below for the

equation y = x + 2. 1
0 x
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y
1
b Draw the graph of y = x + 2.

c What is the value of y when x = –7? 1
d Where does the graph cut the x-axis? 1
e Where does this graph cut the y-axis? 1
f Using the graph, solve x + 2 = –3. 1

15
Chapter 11
Equations Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 88–108
UNIT 1: Solving equations by inspection
Question 1 Solve the following one-step equations by inspection and then check by substitution.
a x + 2 = 5 b a + 3 = 7 c m – 4 = 8

d b + 1 = 7 e a + 2 = 10 f n + 5 = 12

g x – 2 = 4 h x + 3 = 9 i y + 8 = 14

j p – 3 = 7 k t – 2 = 8 l a – 9 = 3

m y – 2 = –7 n x – 4 = –6 o 8 + x = 12

Question 2 Solve the following equations by inspection and then check by substitution.
a m + 1 = 9 b x + 2 = 12 c 3 + y = 15

d 9 + n = –3 e x – 4 = 7 f x – 2 = 16

g m + 5 = 9 h y – 3 = 18 i a + 6 = 8

j m – 3 = 7 k n – 6 = 10 l a – 4 = 11

m y – 5 = –3 n t – 2 = –4 o 15 + a = 21

Chapter 11: Equations 121

Pages 88–108
UNIT 2: O
ne-step equations (addition and
subtraction)
Question 1 Solve the following one-step equations.
a x + 5 = 9 b a + 7 = 15 c m – 3 = 4

d b + 3 = 11 e a + 4 = 10 f n + 9 = 12

g x – 3 = 12 h x + 5 = 16 i y + 8 = 20

j p – 2 = 10 k t – 4 = 1 l a – 9 = 9

m y – 2 = –3 n x – 5 = –6 o 5 + x = 20

Question 2 Solve the following equations. Check your solutions by substitution.

a m + 7 = 2 b x + 3 = 1 c 9 + y = 14

d 12 + n = 18 e x – 10 = 12 f x – 1 = 8

g m + 15 = 30 h y – 12 = 27 i a + 5 = 13

j m – 4 = 11 k n – 12 = 19 l a – 7 = 1

m y – 5 = –5 n t – 6 = –3 o 10 + a = 14

Pages 88–108
UNIT 3: O
ne-step equations (multiplication and
division)
Question 1 Solve the following one-step equations.
x
a 4a = 16 b = 3 c 5y = 15
2

x y
d = 7 e = 6 f 8x = –32
3 5

t
g 6m = –18 h 2x = 6 i = –5
4

y
j 2p = –8 k = –4 l 7t = 28
5

a x
m = 9 n 3a = 24 o = –3
2 7


x x x
a = 5 b = –2 c =6
6 6 7

a a b
d = –20 e = –2 f =9
3 9 8

m x y
g = 12 h = 9 i = –14
3 3 2

j 3a = 18 k –2b = –10 l –3x = –12

m 5x = 35 n 8x = 48 o 7x = 49


Pages 88–108
UNIT 4: Two-step equations
Question 1 Solve the following two-step equations.
a 2x + 1 = 3 b 18 = 3x – 6 c 10 = 5y – 15

5m x–3
d 3 = 10 e
4 =5 f 2a + 9 = 19

x a–2
g 2 – 1 = 7 h 3x + 5 = 11 i
7 =3

j 8x – 7 = 33 k 5x + 3 = 28 l 6t – 3 = 39

m
m 7y – 5 = 9 n 3 – 4 = 6 o 2k + 3 = 21

Question 2 Solve the following equations. Verify your solutions by substitution.

m x–5
a 3x – 3 = 9 b 2 + 6 = 9 c
7 =4

x–2 5m
d 6 = 8 e 5x – 9 = 26 f 6 = 10

g 10 – 2m = 0 h 3y – 9 = 21 i 7y + 4 = –3

j 2x + 8 = 14 k 8x – 7 = 17 l 9x – 7 = 56

1 1
m 3a – 2.3 = 7 n 6a – 12 = 42 o 8p + 0.3 = 2.7

Pages 88–108
UNIT 5: Three-step equations
Question 1 Solve the following three-step equations.
a 4x + 9 = 3x – 12 b 2x – 7 = x – 3 c 6t – 10 = 4t + 12 d 11m – 6 = 7m + 14

e 9m – 3 = 7m + 9 f 4a – 3 = 3a + 9 g 10y – 6 = 5y + 19 h 6x – 4 = 2x + 16

i 7y – 3 = 4y + 15 j 5x – 1 = 6x – 9 k 3a + 5 = 21 – a l 12p – 3 = 7p + 32

a 6x – 20 = 4x + 48 b 2x – 6 = 3 – x c 6x – 2 = 3x – 6 d 7y – 14 = 5y + 20

e 2x – 14 = x – 12 f 5x + 17 = 3 – 4x g 3m – 2 = 2m + 7 h 6x – 21 = 2x – 2

i 3y + 1 = 2y + 7 j 6m + 7 = 7m + 10 k 2x + 3 = x – 9 l 4y – 3 = 2y + 11

Pages 88–108
UNIT 6: Equations with grouping symbols
Question 1 Solve the following equations.
a 3(x + 4) = 18 b 2(m + 1) = 5 c 6(m – 1) = 24 d 2(x + 5) = 18

e 3(a – 3) = 10 f 4(n – 3) = 36 g 5(2n – 1) = 25 h 2(3p – 1) = 22

i 5(2x + 3) = 45 j 4(a – 4) = 8 k 3(m + 2) = m + 14 l 2(3x + 2) = 16


a 5(a + 4) = 4(a – 3) b 3(x – 5) = 2(x + 4) c 4(y – 3) = 3(y + 2) d 7(x – 8) = 6(x + 2)

e 8(3 – x) = 7(x – 6) f 2(a + 1) + a + 3 = 0 g 3(x + 7) + x + 3 = 18 h 5(a + 3) = 4(a + 9)

i 3(3a – 2) = 4(4 – a) j 2(a + 1) – a + 7 = 9 k 3(a – 3) – 2a + 9 = 15 l 2(5a – 10) – 9a + 6 = 0

m 6(a + 7) = 5(a – 3) n 8(2a + 7) = 5(3a – 8) o 9(3a – 4) = 13(2a – 1)

Pages 88–108
UNIT 7: Formulae
Question 1 Given the formula V = Ah, find V if:
a A = 10, h = 3 b A = 15, h = 5 c A = 9, h = 4

Question 2 Given the formula P = 2L + 2B, find P if:

a L = 18, B = 10 b L = 12, B = 5 c L = 9, B = 4

Question 3 If y = mx + b, find y for the given values of m, x and b.

1
a m = 1, x = 3, b = 2 b m = 2, x = 6, b = 3 c m = 2 , x = 8, b = 4

Question 4 If A = 12 bh, find A for the given values of b and h.

a b = 4, h = 3 b b = 6, h = 4 c b = 9, h = 6

Question 5 If C = 2πr, find the value of C to one decimal place when:

a r = 8 b r = 37 c r = 63.5

1
Question 6 If A = 2
h(a + b), find A when:
a h = 6, a = 8 and b = 10 b h = 17, a = 13 and b = 19 c h = 23, a = 35 and b = 44


Pages 88–108
UNIT 8: Problem solving with equations
In the following questions, suppose the unknown number is represented by x. Write the statement as
an equation and find the value of x.
1 The sum of a number 2 Multiply a number by 3 and 3 I think of a number and
and 8 is 24. then take away 9. The answer add 12. The result is 26.
is 21.

4 A number increased by 9 5 The difference between 6 I think of a number, double it,
is 27. 5 times a number and 3 is 7. and the result is 30.

7 I think of a number, double it 8 I think of a number, divide it 9 The difference between
and add 12. The result is 48. by 4, subtract 2 and the 7 times a number and 6 is 29.
result is 7.
In the following questions, write an equation using the pronumeral x for the unknown number and
then find the value of x.
10 A rectangle is 5 cm longer than it is wide. 11 If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 36 cm,
If its perimeter is 26 cm, find the width and the what is the length of each side?
length of the rectangle.

12 The length of a rectangle is 8 cm and its 13 If I subtract 29 from a certain number the result is 23.
perimeter is 22 cm. Find its width. What is the number?

14 Find x if the sum of 3, 5, 8, x is 28. 15 I think of a number, add 3 to it, multiply this sum
by 7 and then subtract 9. The result is 47.
What is the number?

Pages 88–108
UNIT 9: Simple equations with one fraction
x a y
a = 9 b = 8 c =7
4 3 6

m m x
d = 10 e = 7 f =9
3 4 6

a+3 3x 5x – 4
g = 2 h = 9 i =7
7 4 3

x x+2 m+5
j = 2 k = 6 l =9
3 2 3


3y – 1 t–5
a 2x = 8 b
c

5 2 = 10 2 =5

m–7 2a + 8 3p – 5
d e
f

3 =4 4 =6 2 =8

3x + 4
g 3x + 1 = 7 h 4x – 2 = 3
i

4 5 2 =2

3m – 1
j k 5 – 3x = 1
l 2m + 9 = 4

4 =8 2 6

6p 3a + 4
m 3x = –2 n
o

5 5 +3=9 2 = 14


Equations
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
n
1 If 3 = 7, n equals:
A 7 B 11 C 17 D 21 1
2 If x – 10 = –2, x equals:
A –12 B –8 C 8 D 12 1
3 If 2x – 5 = 21, what is the value of x?

A 6 B 8 C 13 D 26 1
m
4 If 3 = 6, find the value of m.
A 2 B 3 C 9 D 18 1
5 If 2p – 5 = 23, then p equals:

A 8 B 9 C 14 D 28 1
6 If n + 3 = –4 then n equals:
A –7 B –1 C 1 D 7 1
7 Solve for x: 5x + 3 = 2(x + 12).

A x = 3 B x = 5 C x = 9 D x = 7 1
8 If 2(t + 3) = t – 4 then t equals:

A –10 B 2 C 8 D none of these 1
9 If 2(7 – x) = 3 then x equals:

1 1
A 11 B 17 C 8 2 D 5 2 1
10 2(x – 3) = 3(2x + 4) then x equals:

1 1 1 3
A 1 2 B 4 C –4 2 D –3 4 1
11 If y = ax2 what is the value of y when a = 4 and x = 3?

A 36 B 144 C 49 D 1849 1
1
12 If A = 2 h(a + b) and h = 12, a = 9 and b = 21, what is the value of A?
A 90 B 180 C 36 D 567 1

12
Equations
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
Solve the following equations.
1 a x – 7 = 30 b m + 9 = 15 1
1
x
c 7n = 147 d 12 = 96 1
1
e 2x – 3 = 5 f 5a + 17 = –3
1
1
x–2 x 2
g 3 = 10 h 4 = 3
1
1
i 3(x – 1) = 9 j 4(p + 7) = 30

1
1
k 3x + 10 = 5x – 2 l 4x – 3 = 2x + 9

1
1
m 4(2x – 5) = 0 n 3(x + 4) = x + 19

1
1
2 I think of a number, double it, add 8 and the result is 42. Find the number.

1

15

Chapter 12
Reasoning in geometry Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 199–230
UNIT 1: Angles and the value of the pronumerals
Question 1 Find the value of the pronumeral(s) in each of the following.
a
b
c
n°
m° 50°
50°
y° a° 75°
d
e
f
130° 40° m° 20°

k°
30° m° 60°
110°
Question 2 Find the value of the pronumeral(s).

a
b
c
y° 15°
t°
70° 70° a°
20° 40°
d
e
f
50°
n°
85°
155° m° 82°
70°
115° x° p°
y° 65°
Question 3 Find the value of the pronumeral.

a b c
80°
2a° n°
a° a° 30° a° a°
76°
76°
Reasoning in geometry mm 60°60°
76° n°nGuide
Excel Mathematics Study °
Pages 199–230 n°
Year 8
° °
UNITa2: a °a°
Parallel lines and angles m ° 60° 76°
° 76°76°
120°
120° nn°°
120° m 60°
m°°min° each60° n°
Question a1
° Find the value of the pronumeral of60°the following. 76°
a° a°
a 120° b c n°
120°
120° m° 60° 76°
a° 76° n°
120° m° 60° n°
a° m° 60°
a° 120°
120°
50°
50° 25°
25° n°n°
50° 25° n°
y°y°
x°x°25°
50° y° n75°
75° n°
°
75°
d
50°50°

x°
e
25°25°
f n°
yy°° 50° xx°° 25° 75°n°
y° 75°75°
x°
y° 50° 25° n°
50° x° 25° 75°n°
y° x° 75°
y° x° 75°

d°d°
Question 2 Find the value of each pronumeral.
x °x°
d°110° b°b°
110°
a°a° y°y° 120°
120° ba° °a°
a a° yb°°b° x° b c 110°
y120°
°y°x°x° a°d° c°c°
120°
120°
y° x° mm dc°°d°
b° 120° x° ° ° 110° b°
aa°° yy°° x°
x ° m° 120° 110°
110°aa°° b° b°
bba°°° 120°
y° d° acc°°°
120°
yy°° xx°° 120°
120° y x b°c°
a° b°y° 120° m
x° ° ° ° 110°
m120°
°m° da°°
y° x° 110° d° cb°°
a°b° 120° y° xx°° m° 120° 110° a° b°
a° y° y x 120° a° c°
b° 120° y
°
x
°
c°
b° 120°
° m° °
m°
125°
125° x°x° 110°
110°
125°
Question 3 Find the value of each pronumeral. x ° 110°
a b
125° x° c a110°
°a°
a°a° 125° x° x° a° 110°
125° 110°
a°
125° x° aa°° 110°
aa°° a°
a° 125° x° 110°
125° x° a° 110°
a°
a°
a°
a°
a°
d
e
x°x° f
20°
20° x°x° x°
20° x° 30°
30°
60°
60°
40°
40° 60°
40° xx°° 30° a°a°
20°
20°20° 45°
xx°°
45° y°y° yx°y° a°
45°
x° y° 40° y°30°
30° 30°
b°b60°
°
60°60°
40°40°
30° x° 30°30°b° aa°°
20° x° yy°° a°
45° yy°° bb°° 60°
45° y° 40° 30° x° y° 30°
20° 45°x° 30°30°x° b° a°
20° x° 40° y° 60°
45° y° 30°
b° 60° a°
40° 30° 30°
45° y° y° a°
Chapter 12: Reasoning
45°
in geometry
y° 30° y° b° 133
30° b°
x° xx°°
Reasoning
a° aa°°
in geometry 110°
50°50°
50°
110°
110° Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 199–230
UNIT 3:
65°65°
65°
The20°angle
20°
sum of a trianglea° aa°° x°x°
x°x°° x°
20° 45°45°
45°
110°
a°a°1 Find the value of the pronumeral
Question 50° 110° in each of the following.
110°110° x°
a ° 110°
50°
50° 50°
110°
a a° ° b
50° c
65° a°
50°110°
20° a°a°
a
65° °
65° 20° 20° 50°
a°a°° a ° 45°
65°65°
65° 20°20°
20°
45° 45°
45°45°
a° 45°
65° 20° 45°
50°50°
50° 60°60°
60°
b° bb°° x° xx°°
60°60°
60°y° yy°°
y° yy°°
50°50°
50°
50° 60°
b65° x°x° 50°
50° 50° 60°60° 60° 60°
d °
65°65°b°° bx°° xx°° e x° ° x° f 50°50° x ° xx60°
°°
b°b° 60° x°y° 50° 60°
b° ° y°° y°
60°x60°
60°60° y°
60° y° 50°50° y°y°
60° y° 50°50°
50° 50° y°y°° y°
65° x°
65° 65° x°° x° 50° x°yx°°
65°65°
65° x°x° x°x°° x°
65° x° x°

35°35°
35°
x° xx°120°
° 120°
a° aa°°
35°35°
35° 120° 30°30°
30°

30°30°
30° a° aa°n° ° nn°°
a x° xx°° y° yy°° b c 35°
35° x°x°120° a°a°° a° 30°
m°mm°°35°
35°35° 35°
35° 35° x° 120°
x°x°°120°
120°a°a° 30° 30° 35°
35°35° 120° 30°30° 35°
35° 120° a° 30°
30° x° 120°
x° 35° y° ° 30° 30°
30° a° °n°
x
x°x°
°° x° y°
y°y° y° 30°30°
30° m°ma°°a ° an°° n°
am°n° °n°°
30° °
m°m° a° n°
x° y°
m°

c° c°
a° aba°°°bb°°c°
a c° 50°50°
50° b x° xxy°°° yy°° c m°mm°°
a°ab°° c°c°° c° 75°75°
75°
° a
a°ab°°b°° cc°°b°
60° 60°
60° °
a° bb°°
50° m°m°
50°
50° 50° 75° x° y°
60°
60°
60° 60°
50°
50°
75° x
75°75°
75°
°° y
x°x75° x°° y°
°y° y°
m°m°° m°
60° 50° m°
60° 75° x° y°
60°

d
e
f a° aa°° 85° 85°
145°
145°
145° 80°80°
80° a° aa°° b° bb°° 85°
c° cc°°
y° yy°°
x° xx°° 130° b°abb°°°
130°
130° 50°50°
50° a°a° 40°85° 40°
c° c°
40° c°
80° a° b a
a°ca°°°c°°a°c°
145° ° ° ° 85° 85°
145°
145°145° 80° 80°
80°80° ba°° °ab°° 85°85°
145° 80° ca°°c° b °b° a°
85°
145°

145° y°80° b°
85°
y°

y°yx°° ° y°° x° 130° b°
c°
50°
c°
c° c°
yx° °xx°°
40°
130° b°° b° 50°50°
130°130° 50° 50° 40° ° c°°
40°c40°
130° b°
130° b° 50° 40°
40° c°
x° 130° b° 50° 40°
Pages 199–230
UNIT 4: Triangles and the value of the pronumerals
a b c
63° x° y°
65° x° 65° 65° y° y°

d
e
f
35° x°
30° a°
a° 20° 140°


a b c x° 110°
45° 62°
a° 115° 58° y° 105°
Question 3 Find the value of each pronumeral. x°

a b c
100°
x°
118° a° 35° 80°

130°

d
e
f
55°
35° a°
m°
x° x°
y° a° 88° 110° 65° 75°
Chapter 12: Reasoning in geometry 135

Reasoning in geometry
m°mm°° 80°80°
80° 80°
80°
80°
Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
140°
140°
140°
Pages 199–230
UNIT 5:110°
The
110° angle sum of a quadrilateral
110°
m° 80°
m°°
mm
80° 80° 140°
80°
145°
145°
145° ° 80°
80° 80°
n° nn°° 80°p° pp°° 140°
140° a° aa°°b° bb°°
110° Finda°the
1 aa°° value of each pronumeral.
Question 110°
70°70°
70° 140°
110°
110° m m° ° 80° 80°
80° 140°
a 145°
145° 110°
145° b n° m ° p °
80° c 80° 140° a° b°b°
a° n° 80°
p°
n°n° p°p° a°
70°
a°a° b°b°
145° 140°
a°
70° 110°
70°
70° 145°110° a°a°
nn° ° pp° ° aa° ° bb° °
145°
70°
70°
145° aa° ° n° p° a° b°
70° a°
130°
130°
130°

130°
n ° nn°° a° aa°° 130°
130°
130°
130°
130°
130°
d e 140°140°
140° f 130°
130°
n 60°60°
60°
120° 120°m
120° m
° m° ° °
n
n 55°55°
55° a °
x xx
130° °° a°°
a°a140°
130° ° ° °
130°
130°
130°
n° 140°
140° 60°
120° m° 130° n n°55°
° 140°a° 60°
60°
120° m
120° m°° 55°
55° a° x° 60°
120° m° 130° n °55° a°
140° xx°
°
130° 140° x° 60°
120° m° 55° 140° x
60°
120° m° 55°
x° ° 60°
120°
m° 55° x°

135°x° xx°° Find the unknown

m°mm°° a° aa°° b° bb°° m°mm°° n° nn°°
Q135°
135°
uestion 2 angles.
a
135° x°xx°° m° b a°
b° c m° n°
y° yy°° 120° a°
a°a°
m°° 145°
145°
145° n°
mm b° m°° 110°110° n°n° p° pp°°
120°
120°
b°b° mm
135°
135°
135° x° 220° 220°
220° ° ° 110°
135° x° y°
135° x° yy°° 120°120° m
m° ° aa° ° bb° ° 145°
145°
145° m m° ° npn°°°
x
135° 220°° y ° 120°
120° m ° a° b° 145° 110°
m°110°
110° n° pp°°
220°
220° 110° p°
220°
y°y° 120° 120° 145°
pp° °
145° 110°
220° y° 145° 110°
220° 120° 110° p°
220°

87°87°
87°
Question 3 Find the value of the following pronumerals.2a2a
°2a°° p° pp°n° ° nn°°
a a
87°
° aa° ° 50°50°
50° b c
87°
87°
20° 87°
2a° 3a3a °3a°° 70° p°p
20°20° 2a°°
2a 70°70° p°°n°nm° °mm°°
a° 87°50° 2a ° 4a4a 4a
aa°° 87° 50° 50° a ° aa° °
2a
° ° ° p°
n°n°
a 3a
pp° m
° 50° ° °
20° 87° 2a° 3a°°
3a 70° ° °
20°
20° a ° 50° a 2a ° ° 3a°
4a 70°
70°
p m n°mn°°°°
m
20° a° 50° °
a° 4a
4a ° 70° °
n°
a°a°
°
20° a° 4a° 3a° °
3a mm° °
50° 70°
20° 4a° °3a° 70°
20° a° 4a 70° m°
a° 4a°
a °

d
e
f
60°60°
60° 100°
100°
100° 3a3a
°3a°°
m°mm°°
30°
30°30° 60° 100° 3a°
m° 60°
60° 3a
4a3a
4a
°°4a°°
100°
100° °°
m°° n° n60° 3a 3a
°3a°° 3a
mm n°° 100°
° 2a2a
°2a°° 3a3a
°3a°°
30° 60° 100° 3a°
30°m°
30° 60°
3a
100° 4a° 3a°
30° m ° n° 60° 2a° °
3a
3a100° 4a3a
4a4a °° °
n°
n°n° 2a°° 3a3a
°
m °
30° 2a
°
3a°° 3a° ° °
30°
2a
° 3a° 3a° 4a° °
4a
nn° °
30° 3a°
2a
2a° ° 3a° ° 4a°
n° 3a 3a°
2a° 3a°
Pages 199–230
UNIT 6: Transformations
a Under a a shape is moved from one position to another.
b If the shape is moved by sliding, the transformation is .
c If the shape is moved by flipping, the transformation is .
d If the shape is moved by turning, the transformation is .
Question 2 N
ame the transformation used when each of the following shapes is moved to its new
position.
a
A B A' B' b Q Q'
D C D' C'
P R P'
R'

X Y G
c
d
Z' Z
H I
H' I'
Y' X'
G'

O P
e
M L' f
T Q
O' P'
S R
L M' T' Q'
N N'
S' R'

A
g h V W
B
Y X
C V' Y'
D
F' E
F
W' X'
C'
E' A'
D' B'

Pages 199–230
UNIT 7: C
ongruence of plane shapes using
transformation
a The symbol for congruence is .
b Congruent shapes have the shape and the size.
c Two plane shapes are called congruent if one shape fits exactly on top of the
B B D D
other by Ba 90° 90°
. D 90° 90°
d The congruence
90° statement of a ABC and 90°
a DEF is written as .
60° 60° 30°30° 60° 60° 30° 30°
A A C E C E F F
60° 2 N
Question ame the 30° AC E A60° that D
transformation has been 30° in each pair of congruent triangles below.
D used
A F
B D
a A D
90° 90° 30° 30°
30° 30°
30° 30°
60° 30° 60° 30°
A C E F

A D
60° 60°90° 90° 90° 90°60° 60°

b B B
30° C C
30° E E F F
60° 90° 90° 60°
B C E FE E
E 60° 60°
60°
B B
90° 60° 90° D 90° D
60° 90° 90°90°
BB C E 90° DF
90°
c 30° E30°
60° 60° 30° 30° 60°
A A 30°
60° 30° C C
A
B C
90° D
90°
30°
60°
30°
A
C
Question 3 For each

A pair
A of congruent
D D triangles below, write the congruence statement.
A D
a
b P P L L G c G J J
P L G J
B A B D
CE CE F Q F Q R M R M N HN H I K I K L L
B CE F Q R M N GH
P L JI K L
B
© Pascal Press ISBN C E 1 74020 033F2 Q
978 R Skills
Excel Essential M MathematicsNRevision
H & Exam Workbook
I K Year 8 L
Pages 199–230
UNIT 8: Recognising congruent figures
a Congruent figures have exactly the size and the shape.
b In congruent figures,
i matching sides are .
ii matching angles are .
iii matching areas are .
c The symbol for congruence is .
Question 2 Name the congruent faces in each prism.

a
B C b S
A
D P T
U
F
G
E Q R
H
Question 3 Name the pairs of congruent figures.
A B C D E F
A B C D E F
H I J L
G
K M
H I J L
G N
K M
N

Question 4 The following pairs of figures are congruent.

a Name all pairs of matching angles. I P
O

L
b Name all matching sides. J M
K
N

Pages 199–230
UNIT 9: Recognising congruent triangles
Question 1 Complete the following sentences:
a Two right-angled triangles are congruent if two and the included of
one triangle are equal to sides and the of the other triangle.
b Two right-angled triangles are congruent if three of one triangle are equal to
of the other triangle.
c Two right-angled triangles are congruent if one and the h of one
triangle are equal to of the other triangle.
d Two right-angled triangles are congruent if two and one of one triangle
are equal to sides and one of the other triangle.
Question 2 Name the pairs of congruent triangles.
A M
E G
J K
I
D

L
B C F H O
N

T

P Q V
X Y A

W
S U
R A R T
Z
Question 3 T
he following pairs of triangles are congruent. Fill in the blanks for the corresponding
angles. P X
A D
a
b
B C F E Q R Y Z
∠BCA = ∠P =
∠R = ∠Q =
Question 4 Divide each shape into two congruent triangles using a single line.
a b c d
Question 5 There are four pairs of congruent triangles in each shape. Name the different pairs.
A P T
a b
B F
G U

C E Q S

D R
Pages 199–230
UNIT 10: Naming congruent triangles
Question 1 Two pairs of congruent triangles are drawn below.
a
D b
A P S
45° 45°
13 cm 12 cm 13 cm
12 cm
E 70° 65° Q
R U
T
B 70° 65° C F 5 cm 5 cm
A D
P S
45°
i Which45°
side corresponds to AC i Which angle corresponds
13 cm
to ∠QRP?
13 cm 12 cm
12 cm

EA 70° 65°
D Q T
B 70° 65° C F 5 cm
R U 5 cmP S
ii Name these congruent
45° triangles, 45° ii Name these congruent triangles,
13 cm in the 13 cm
giving the vertices in the matching order. giving the vertices 12matching
cm order.
12 cm
E 70° 65° Q
R U
T
B 70° 65° C F 5 cm 5 cm
iii Write the congruence statement.

E iii Write the congruence statement.
F
E F
Question 2
H G
E F
H G
Complete the following statements for the parallelogram EFGH:

a ∠EFH = P b H EF = c ΔEFH
G ≡Δ
T U
∠EHF = FH =
P
S Q
∠HEF = HE = T U
W V
S Q
R P
Question 3 W V
T U
R
S Q
W V
R
Complete the following statements:
a SP = b ∠SPQ =
PQ = ∠PSQ =
QS = ∠PQS =
c ΔPQS ≡ Δ

Pages 199–230
UNIT 11: Tests for congruent triangles
a Two triangles are congruent if three sides of one triangle are equal to
b Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to
c Two triangles are congruent if two angles and a side of one triangle are equal to
d Two right-angled triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and one side of one triangle
are equal to of the other triangle.
e The symbol for congruence is .
Question 2 In each pair of triangles below, write the congruence test that would be used to prove
that the triangles are congruent.
a
b

c
d
Question 3
a Name the common side in ∆ABC and ∆ADC.

B
b Are the triangles congruent? C
D
c If they are, name the test that you can use to prove it.
Pages 199–230
UNIT 12: A
pplying properties to solve numerical
problems
Question 1 Find the value of the pronumerals
120° c°
in these quadrilaterals. 96° a°
a b c
x° y°
120° 120° c° c° 96° 96° a° a° b° b°
a° x° y° x° b°y° 48°
48° 48° c° c°
a° a° b° b°

120° 120° c° c ° 96° 96°
a° a° b° b°
x° y°x° y°
a°
a° 6
120° a° 120° a° c° b° c° b°x° 96° 48°

96° 48° a° a° b° cb° ° c° y°
y° x° a°120°
y° a°
a° a° 130°
65° 65°
95° y ° y° 70°
48° 48° c° c°
a° a° b° 120° b°120° 130° 130°
95° 95° 70° 70° x° 88° x° 88°
Question 2 Find the value of each pronumeral in the following quadrilaterals.
a
b
c
a° a° a° a° 65° 65°
y° y°
120° 120°
a° a95°
° ax°°
130° a°
130°
150° 65° a65°
° b°
95° 70° 70° x° 88° x° 88°
y° y°
x120°
° x° 120° 150°
150° a° a° b° b°
130° 60° 130° y° 125° c°
95° 95° 70° 70° x° 88° x° 88°
60° 60° y° y° 125° 125° c° c°

x° x°
150° 150° a° a° b° b°
a
b
c
x° 60°150°x° 60° y° y°a° a°125° b125°
° b° c° a°
150° c°
50°
a° a°
60° 60° y° y° 50° b°
125° 125° c° c° 10°
50° 50°
50° 50° b° b°
10° 10°

a° a°
50° 50°

a° 50° a° 50° b° b °
10° 10°
50° 50°
Chapter 12: Reasoning in geometry
50° 50°
143
b°
10° Skills Mathematics
10°
b°
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74020 033 2 Excel Essential Revision & Exam Workbook Year 8
Pages 199–230
UNIT 13: More numerical problems
Question 1 F or each of the following quadrilaterals, (i) write an equation first
(ii) solve the equation to find the value of the pronumeral (iii) find the size of each angle.
a
b
x° c
x° x°
2y° a° a°
2y° 2y°
x° x° x° 3y°
3y° 3y°
y° y°2y° y° 2a° 2y° 2a°

2y°
x° x°x°
2y° a° a°a°
2y° 2y°
x° x°x° 3y°
3y° 3y°

2a°
2a° 2a°
y° y°y° 2y°
2y° 2y°
x°
a°
x° 2y°
6x° x° a° (a + 30)°
(a + 30)° 110°
6x° 6x° x° (10x + x°
7)° 110° 110°
x° (10x + 7)° (10x + 7)° 2y° 3y° 2a°
x° 2a° 2a° 2a° 2a°
3y°
y° 2y° 2a°
(x + 40)°
a° a° x°
(8x + 3)° (8x + 3)° x° y° x° (8x2y°
+
(x3)°
+ 40)° (x + 40)° x°
x° x°2a°
d
e 110°
f (a(a
++
(a + 30)° 30)°
30)°
x° 6x°
6x° 6x° x° x° 110° 110°
+ (10x
7)°+ +
(10x (10x 7)°7)° 2a° 2a°
2a° 2a°
2a° 2a°
(x(x
++
(x + 40)° 40)°
40)° x° x°x° a° a°a°
(8x
(8x +(8x
3)°++3)°3)° x° x°x°
(a + 30)°
6x° x° 110°
(10x + 7)° (a + 30)°
6x° x° 110° 2a° 2a°
(10x + 7)° 115° 2a° 115° 115°
2a°
30° 30° 30° a°
a°
a°
a° a°
(8x + 3)° a° a° x° (x + 40)° x°
(x + 40)° a°

(8x + 3)° x° x° c° c° c°
b° b° b° c°
c° c° b°
b° b°
115°
115° 115°
30° 30°30°
a° a°a°
a° a°a°
c° c°c°
b°
Question 2 b°c°b° Find
c°c° the value of each pronumeral. b° b°b°
a 115°
b c
30° a° 115°
e° 35° a°
30°a° a° 35°
e° e° 35° a° a°
a° c°
b° c° c°
b° b°
b° b° b° 80°
c° d° b° d° c° 80° c° 80°d° c°
35° 35°
e°e° 35° a° a°a°
e°

b° b°b° 80°
d° d°d° c° c°c°80° 80°
e° 35° a°
e° 35° a°
b°
© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74020 033 2 Exceld°Essential Skills Mathematics
c° 80°
Revision & Exam Workbook Year 8
b°
d° c° 80°
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 Two triangles are congruent if they are the:
A same shape only B same size only C same shape and size D none of these 1
2 What is another name for the transformation known as translation?
A flipping B sliding C turning D enlarging 1
3 All congruent triangles are:
A equilateral B isosceles C similar 4x° 3x°

D right-angled 1
x° 2x°
4 What is the value of x?
4x° 3x°
A 36 B 40 x° 2x°
C 45 D 54 1
5 What is the value of a?
A 50 B 55 55°
a°
50°
C 75 D 105 1
55°
6 The symbol for congruence is:
a°
50°
A ||| B ≡ C = D none of these 1
7 The angle sum of a triangle is always equal to:
A 180° B 90° C 270° D 360° 1
8 A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two triangles that are:
A equilateral B isosceles C congruent D none of these 1
9 The angle sum of a quadrilateral is always equal to:
A 360° B 270° C 180° D 90° 1
10 The longer diagonal of a kite divides it into two triangles that are:
A isosceles B equilateral C congruent D none of these 1

10

TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 a Name the pairs of equal sides. A E

1
b Name the pairs of equal angles.
C
1
c Name triangles that are congruent. B D
1
d Name a congruence test. e Under what single transformation will
one triangle map onto the other? 1
1
2 a Name the pairs of equal sides. P
1
b Name the pairs of equal angles. A B
y° x°
1
c Name the triangles that are congruent. D 30° 110° C
QA y° R S x° T B 1
d Name a congruence test.
D 30° 110° C 1
A B
y° x°A
3 For the parallelogram, drawn opposite:
A B
y° x°
a Find the value of x.
D B
1
D 30° 110° C
b Find the value of y. 1
D 30° 110° C
c Write the congruence statement applying to the C

A
two congruent triangles shown. 1
d State the congruence test. D B 1
e Under what single transformation will A

one triangle map onto the other? 1
A
D B
4 In the kite drawn opposite, ∠ADC = 96° and ∠DAC = 54°.
C
D B
Find the size of ∠DCB. 1
Total marks achieved for PART

C B
15
C
Chapter 13
Probability Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 252–268
UNIT 1: The language of probability
Question 1 sing the terms of probability, rate the chance of these events as certain, likely, unlikely,
U
impossible or even.
a The sun will rise tomorrow. b There will be at least one cloud in the sky tomorrow.

c If a die is rolled, a seven appears. d I can win the raffle if I have just one ticket.

e Sunday will follow Monday next week. f John will live to the age of 142 years.

g scoring an even number when a die is thrown h A year will have 460 days.

Question 2 S
elect the most appropriate from 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% or 100% to describe the
chance implied by each of the following words.
a maybe
b definitely

c perhaps
d sure

e an outside chance f 50–50

g against all odds h probably

Question 3 Choose from certain, most likely, even chance, unlikely or impossible to best describe
an event which has a probability of:
a 10% b 0 c 100%

7 1
d e f 95%
8 2

3 4
g 0.005 h i
97 5

1
j 1 k l 75%
64

Chapter 13: Probability 147

Pages 252–268
UNIT 2: Sample space
Question 1 Write the sample space for each of the following.
a choosing a month of the year

b selecting a primary colour

c choosing a letter that comes before I in the alphabet

d choosing a letter that comes after V in the alphabet

e choosing a square number less than 50

f choosing a letter from the word MATHEMATICS

g choosing a whole number greater than 25 and less than 30

h choosing a season

Question 2 The letters of the word CONSCIENTIOUS are written on cards and turned face down. A
card is then selected at random.
a Write the sample space.

b How many elements does the sample space have?
c How many different elements does the sample space have?
Question 3 For each of the following events, write the number of elements in the sample space.
a selecting a letter from the alphabet
b selecting a day of the week to visit a relative on
c selecting a colour from the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet)

d selecting a captain from a 15-player soccer team
Pages 252–268
UNIT 3: Outcomes
Question 1 F
or each of the following, state whether each element of the sample space is equally likely to
occur.
a choosing a letter from the word PINEAPPLE
b the weather on a given day
c the gender of a baby being born
d choosing a whole number between 21 and 30
e the result of a horse race
Question 2 Write the outcomes for each of the following.

a selecting a letter from the word HAPPINESS
b selecting a sock from a drawer containing black and grey socks
c tossing two coins at once
d rolling two dice and adding the numbers together
Question 3 F or each of the following, state whether each of the possible outcomes is equally likely
to occur.
a tossing a coin
b tossing two coins at the same time
c choosing a letter from the word ELEPHANT
d the result of a football match
e choosing a card from a standard pack of cards.
Question 4 The season of each Year 8 student’s birthday in a particular school is recorded below.
Summer Autumn Winter Spring Total
(Dec.–Feb.) (Mar.–May) (June–Aug.) (Sept.–Nov.)
Boys 15 15 14 18 62
Girls 8 20 16 16 60
Total 23 35 30 34 122

How many outcomes are there for each event below?
a boys born in winter
b girls born in spring or autumn
c boys or girls born in summer
d girls born in a season beginning with the letter Q
e boys born in a season beginning with the letter S

Pages 252–268
UNIT 4: Theoretical probability
Question 1 A card is drawn at random from a normal pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the
card is:
a a club b a black card c an ace
d not a spade e a black ace f a red card
Question 2 From the letters of the word CHANCE, one letter is selected at random. What is the
probability that the letter is:
a a vowel? b a consonant? c the letter C?
Question 3 A die is thrown once. Find the probability that it is:

a a five b an odd number
c a number greater than 2 d zero
e a prime number f a square number
Question 4 A bag contains 6 yellow, 4 blue and 5 red balls. If a ball is drawn at random, find the
probability that it is:
a yellow b red
c blue d not yellow
e white f either blue or red
Question 5 The numbers 1 to 15 are written on separate cards. One card is chosen at random.
What is the probability that the number is:
a even? b odd?
c less than 5? d divisible by 3?
e divisible by 5? f greater than 10?
Question 6 The numbers from 1 to 7 are written on separate cards. One card is chosen at random.
What is the probability that:
a the number is odd? b the number is even?
c it is 6? d it is zero?
e it is a prime number? f it is divisible by 3?
Question 7 A letter is chosen from the word PROBABILITY. What is the probability that the
letter is:
a a vowel? b a consonant?
c the letter B? d the letters P or B?
e the letter M? f the letter Y?
Pages 252–268
UNIT 5: Complementary events
Question 1 A die is rolled, what is the probability of:
a not getting a 6? b not getting a 3?
c not getting a 4 or 5? d not getting an even number?
Question 2 F rom a pack of 52 playing cards one card is drawn at random, what is, the probability
that it is not a club?

1
Question 3 The probability of winning a competition is . What is the probability of losing?
500

Question 4 A coin is tossed once. What is the probability that the result is:
a not a head?
b neither a head nor a tail?
c either a head or a tail?
19
Question 5 T
he probability of a train arriving on time is , what is the probability that it will not
32
arrive on time?

1
Question 6 The probability of it raining today is , what is the probability of it not raining today?
5

Question 7 A
bag holds only two-dollar coins. If a coin is selected at random from the bag, what is
the probability that it is not a two-dollar coin?

Question 8 T
here is a 27% chance of winning a game, what is the probability of not winning
the game?

Question 9 T
he probability of a baby being born with a particular defect is 0.005, what is the
probability of the baby being born without that defect?

Question 10 A
s the result of an experiment it is determined that the chance that any motorist at a
particular location is exceeding the speed limit is 1 in 5. If a motorist at that location is
randomly selected, what is the probability that she or he is travelling at, or less than,
the speed limit?

Pages 252–268
UNIT 6: Venn diagrams
Question 1 For the Venn diagram shown, fill in the missing words to make the statements true.
There are students who play both soccer and hockey; Sport played by Year 8
students who play soccer or hockey, but not both;
Soccer Hockey
students who play neither sport; students who play 12
32 18
soccer or hockey or both; and students in Year 8. 23
Question 2 For the Venn diagram shown, fill in the missing words to make the statements true.
There are students who study Japanese;
Languages studied by Year 8
students who study French; students who study
Japanese French
neither language; students who study both languages;
27 41
and students in Year 8.
19
Question 3 Use the following information to work out the missing values in the Venn diagram
shown.
There are 120 students in Year 8, of whom 46 own neither a dog nor a cat. Pets owned by Year 8
62 own a dog or a cat but not both, while 35 own cats.
Dog Cat
A= B=
A B C
C= D=
D
Question 4 In a Year 8 class, students play cricket or basketball or both. Eighteen play cricket, 15
play basketball and 6 play both cricket and basketball.
a Show this information by drawing a Venn diagram
b How many students play cricket but not basketball?

c How many students play basketball but not cricket?

d How many students play cricket or basketball but do not play both?

e Find the total number of students in class.

Pages 252–268
UNIT 7: Using language of ‘at least’, exclusive ‘or’,
inclusive ‘or’ and ‘and’
Question 1 In a family of three children, find the probability that there is at least one girl.

Question 2 When a coin is tossed four times, find the probability of getting at least one head.

Question 3 F rom a pack of cards numbered 1 to 10, one card is selected at random. Find the
probability that the number drawn is:
a odd
b greater than 5
c less than 4
d greater than 5 or less than 4
e odd or greater than 5
f odd and greater than 5
g odd and less than 5
h greater than 5 and less than 4
i less than 5 or divisible by 6
j less than 5 or divisible by 3
Question 4 F rom a pack of 52 playing cards, one card is drawn at random.

Find the probability that it is:
a a black card or a ten
b a black ten or a king
c a spade or a ten
Question 5 Two dice are thrown. Find the probability that the throw gives:
a a double or a total of 10
b a double or a total of 15

Pages 252–268
UNIT 8: Two-way tables
Question 1 L
achlan takes note of the occupants of cars as they leave a car park. He records whether
the drivers are male or female and whether or not there are passengers. The results are
shown in the two-way table.
Passengers No passengers Total
Male 48 36 84
Female X 62 116
Total 102 Y
a What is the value of:

i X? ii Y?

b How many cars were there altogether?
c What fraction of the drivers were female?
d Of the male drivers, what fraction had passengers?
e What percentage of cars did not have passengers?
f What is the probability that a driver, selected at random, is a male with passengers?
g What is the probability that a female driver, selected at random, has passengers?
Question 2 A
survey was conducted to see whether students preferred strawberry- or chocolate-
flavoured milk. The results are shown in the table.
Strawberry Chocolate Total
Male 98 52 150
Female 66 84 150
Total 164 136 300
a What is the probability that a student chosen at random from the group:
i is male? ii preferred strawberry?
iii is a female who preferred chocolate? iv is a female or preferred chocolate?
b What is the probability that:
i a male student preferred strawberry? ii a student who preferred strawberry was male?
Question 3 185 out of 300 boys and 165 out of 250 girls surveyed had seen a particular movie.
a Complete the two-way table to display the information.
Seen the movie Not seen Total
Boys
Girls
Total
b W
hat is the probability that a person who has seen the movie chosen at random from the surveyed
group is a girl?

Probability
TOPIC TEST PART A
Marks
1 How could you describe the chance of getting a number less than 3 when rolling a die?
A impossible B unlikely C even chance D likely 1
2 One of these cards is selected at random. What is the probability
that the number on the card is either odd or less than 5?
1 2 3 4
A B C D 1
5 5 5 5
3 A bowl holds 9 red, 5 green and 6 black jellybeans. If a jellybean is taken at random from the
bowl, what is the probability that it is either red or black?
2 3 7 9
A B C D 1
3 4 10 11
4 The probability of an event is 1. How could you describe the chance of that event occurring?
A impossible B unlikely C likely certain
D 1
5 A card is drawn at random from a standard pack of playing cards. What is the probability that
the card is a black heart?
1 1 3
A 0 B C D 1
4 2 4
6 A card is drawn at random from a standard pack of playing cards. What is the probability
that the card is either black or a heart?
1 1 3
A 0 B C D 1
4 2 4
7 A letter is chosen at random from the word EXCELLENT. How many different elements are
in the sample space?
A 6 B 7 C 8 9D 1
8 A bag contains 3 white, 2 yellow and 5 black balls. If a ball is drawn at random, the
probability of a white ball is:
1 1 3 3
A B C D 1
10 3 7 10
9 This two-way table shows the number and colour of ribbons Blue Red
won in a competition by some students. What is the probability Boys 12 18
that a boy chosen at random won a blue ribbon? Girls 20 10
2 2 3 1
A 3 B 5 C 8 D 3 1
10 Referring to the table in question 9, what is the probability that a red ribbon was won by a girl?
5 5 1 1
A 9 B 14 C 2 D 3 1
11 A ticket is chosen at random from a hat. The probability that the ticket is green is
1 5
and the probability that it is blue is . What is the probability that the ticket is neither blue
12 12
nor green?
1 5 1 7
A B C D 1
12 12 2 12
12 A number is chosen at random from the whole numbers 1 to 12 inclusive. What is the probability
that the number is even or less than 8, but not both?
5 1 7 5
A 12
B 2 C 12 D 6 1

12

Probability
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 Of a group of 40 students in Year 8, 20 study
Italian, 25 study French and 5 study neither.
a Show this information
on a Venn diagram. 1
b How many students study both the languages?
1
c How many study Italian or French but not both?
1
d What is the probability that a randomly chosen student from the group studies:
i French? ii Italian but not French? 1
1
2 A card is drawn at random from a normal pack
of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card is: 1
a a diamond b a queen 1
c black and a heart d a king or a jack 1
e not a club 1
3 Write the complement of the following.

a tossing a head with a coin 1
b not winning a cricket match 1
4 In a normal pack of playing cards, E represents the

event ‘drawing a red card’. If one card is drawn at random, find:
a P (E) 1
b P (Ẽ) 1
c P (E) + P (Ẽ) 1

15
Chapter 14
Statistics Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
Pages 232–250
UNIT 1: Review of basic statistics
Question 1 Some students sat for a quiz. The results are shown in the table.
Score Frequency
6 2
7 5
8 9
9 7
10 3

a How many students scored 7? d Show these results in a frequency histogram.

b Which score has a frequency of 7?
Frequency (f)

c How many students were there altogether?

Score (x)
Question 2 A die was rolled many times.

a Complete the frequency distribution table.
Score Tally Frequency Cumulative frequency
1 |||| ||||
2 |||| ||
3 |||| ||||
4 |||| |
5 |||| |||
6 |||| |||| |

b How many times did a score of 4 occur?
c Which score occurred a total of 8 times?
d How many times was the die rolled?
e How many scores were there of 3 or less?
f How many scores were less than 5?

Cumulative Frequency (f)
g How many scores were greater than 2?
h Draw a cumulative frequency histogram.
Score (x)
Chapter 14: Statistics 157

Pages 232–250
UNIT 2: Collecting data
a When a surveyor collects information about a whole class of objects or the total number of people,
the process is called
b When each and every member of the population is surveyed it is called a
c When only a part of the population is surveyed it is called a
Question 2 State whether a census or a sample should be used in each of the following.
a the average number of lollies in a box of lollies
b the total number of books available for sale in a bookshop
c the number of students who travel to school by car
d the number of people who bought two tickets for a movie
e all the students and teachers in a high school who voted for the selection of a new school captain.
f the yearly exam results of all the students in a high school
Question 3 State whether a sample or a census is used in the following.
a the total number of people working in a hotel
b the number of adults who went to a hall to attend a meeting
c the total number of students in a high school
d the number of students who were selected to participate in a swimming carnival
e the number of teachers who work in the state of NSW
f the number of people who travel to work by bus
Pages 232–250
UNIT 3: Types of sampling
a A random sample may be defined as a sample in which each member of the population has the same
of selection.
b A systematic random sample is a sample where those chosen for the sample are chosen in a
way.
c In a stratified sample, the population is divided into different and a

sample is taken from each group.
Question 2 S tate whether the sample chosen is a random sample, systematic sample or a stratified
sample.
a Every 20th bottle of juice coming off the production line is to be tested for quality and quantity.
b In a survey, the names are drawn from a box.
c I n a high school, there are 500 boys and 400 girls. The sample of students chosen consists of 50 boys and
40 girls to represent the school in a function.
Question 3 Which sampling method would be most suitable for each of the following?
a A sample of milk bottles is to be inspected to check the quality of the milk.
b The people of each state are to be surveyed to determine whether Australia needs a new flag.
c to determine what new books the school library needs
d checking the quality of shirts made by the manufacturer
e A student is chosen from a class to give a message to the school office.

Pages 232–250
UNIT 4: Classification of data
Question 1 Answer the following questions.
a Briefly explain the difference between a census and a sample.

b Briefly explain the difference between categorical (qualitative) data and numerical (quantitative) data.

c Briefly explain the difference between data that is discrete and data that is continuous.

Question 2 State whether the data is numerical or categorical.

a the heights of horses
b the number of petals on flowers
c the number of messages sent in a day
d the colour of cars
e the lengths of newborn babies
f the type of pet that students have
g the minimum temperature each day
h the number of students in each class
Question 3 State whether the data is discrete or continuous.

a the number of children in families
b the lengths of cars
c the number of days in months
d the number of pencils in boxes
e the heights of buildings
f the number of biscuits in packets
g the weights of babies
h the masses of containers
i the number of marks in tests
j the diameters of tanks
k the temperatures of patients
Pages 232–250
UNIT 5: Classification of data and sample types
Question 1 S tate whether the data is numerical or categorical. If numerical, also state whether it is
discrete or continuous.
a the mass of packets of noodles
b the day of the week on which your birthday falls
c the type of trees growing in a backyard
d favourite colours
e the number of students in each class at school
f the heights of buildings
g the heights of saplings
h the ages of people at a concert
i the breed of dogs at a dog shelter
j the number of medals won at Olympic games
k the type of medal (gold, silver or bronze) won at Olympic games
l maximum temperatures recorded
m favourite movies
n sex of chickens
o the weight of babies
Question 2 Determine whether the type of sample is random, systematic or stratified.

a choosing the first 100 people that arrive
b selecting a boy and a girl from every class
c picking names out of a hat
d every 100th name from the telephone book
e all the members of a club whose membership numbers end in 7
Question 3 J ulie wants to conduct a survey of teachers. She knows that quite a few of the teachers
are attending a lunchtime meeting and decides to use these people as her sample.
Explain why this is not a random sample.

Question 4 G
reg wants to conduct a survey of the opinion of students about the school uniform. He
decides to select a stratified sample. There are 1250 students at the school, 215 in
Year 7, 200 in Year 8, 210 in Year 9, 220 in Year 10, 225 in Year 11 and 180 in Year 12. If
Greg decides to survey 250 students, how many should he choose from each year?


Pages 232–250
UNIT 6: Mean
Question 1 Find the mean of the following sets of scores.
a 3, 5, 7 b 4, 7, 8, 12, 13 c 60, 62, 69, 75

d 5, 6, 6, 8, 11, 18 e 0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9 f 14, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25, 27

g 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4 h 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10 i 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9

Question 2 Find the mean, giving each answer correct to one decimal place.
a 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7 b 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6

c 11, 12, 14, 14, 16, 17, 17, 17, 20 d 44, 44, 44, 44, 45, 46, 46, 47, 48, 48, 49

Question 3 Complete the tables below and calculate the mean.

a
x f fx b
x f fx c x f fx
1 5 0 11 6 3
2 8 1 13 7 5
3 6 2 14 8 6
4 9 3 12 9 7
5 12 4 10 10 4
Total Total Total


a Find the sum of the scores if the mean of 50 scores is 78.6.

b The mean of 9 scores was 12. A new score of 15 is included. What is the new mean?

c F
rom 8 tests, Max has a mean mark of 73%. What must Max score in his ninth test to increase his mean mark
to 75%?

Pages 232–250
UNIT 7: Median and mode
Question 1 Find the median of each set of scores.
a 12, 13, 15, 17, 20 b 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9

c 73, 81, 76, 79, 80, 74, 70, 84, 74 d 29, 26, 30, 22, 29, 24, 30, 27, 22, 29

e 121, 108, 112, 123, 102, 120, 123, 105 f 56, 60, 68, 49, 66, 87, 67, 56

Question 2 Find the mode of each set of scores.

a 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6 b 4, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9

c 2, 3, 3, 2, 4, 2, 5, 6, 5, 3, 3 d 52, 17, 18, 52, 53, 54, 52, 52, 53, 52

e 8, 9, 10, 8, 11, 8, 9, 8, 10, 8, 6, 8 f 5, 6, 5, 5, 7, 6, 6, 7, 6, 5

Question 3 Complete the table, then find the mode and median.
a Score Frequency Cumulative frequency b
Score Frequency Cumulative frequency
1 3 5 12
2 6 6 19
3 8 7 18
4 7 8 15
5 5 9 10
6 4 10 13
mode = mode =

median = median =

c
Score Frequency Cumulative frequency d Score Frequency Cumulative frequency
16 8 16 5
17 6 17 7
18 7 18 8
19 10 19 14
20 5 20 6

mode = mode =

median = median =


Pages 232–250
UNIT 8: Using the mean, mode and median
Question 1 A foreign language class has just 6 students. The class sat for a test and the following
marks resulted: 7, 93, 95, 96, 96, 99.
a Find the:
i median ii mean iii mode

b B
arry scored 93. ‘I did well in the test,’ Barry told his mother. ‘I was way above average.’ Do you agree with
Barry’s statement? Briefly comment.

Question 2 When talking about real estate, people in the industry and the media refer to the
median house price. Why is the median a better means of describing the data than the
mean or mode?

Question 3 A shop sells women’s clothes. The table shows the number of each size of dress sold
over the previous month.
Size 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Number sold 2 13 28 42 35 26 23 19 21
a Find the mean dress size.

b W
hat is the modal dress size?

c W
hat is the median?

d T
he shop owner is most interested in the modal dress size. Why do you think she would find that important?

Pages 232–250
UNIT 9: Range
Question 1 Find the range of the following sets of scores.
a 3, 5, 8, 12, 17 b 1, 4, 9, 12

c 0, 5, 9, 11, 13, 18 d 56, 59, 65, 69, 77, 78, 84, 84, 91

e 23, 28, 35, 38, 44, 46 f 6, 23, 34, 49, 51, 68, 70

g 12, 9, 10, 17, 22, 9, 8 h 11, 13, 8, 21, 7, 24

i 7, 9, 6, 13, 15, 11, 9 j 30, 26, 24, 13, 3, 17, 35, 17, 21, 16, 7

k 109, 107, 123, 110, 101, 107, 105 l 69, 47, 53, 80, 37, 55, 64, 71, 83, 81

Question 2 Find the range for the scores in each dot plot.
a
•
• b • •
• • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
5 6 7 8 9 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Question 3 Find the range for the scores in each stem-and-leaf plot.
a
4 6 8 9 b 13 8 9
5 4 5 5 6 7 7 14 0 5 7 9
6 2 3 3 3 6 8 9 15 1 2 2 5 7 8
7 0 4 4 5 7 8 16 0 3 4 6 8 9
8 1 5 6 9 9 17 1 4 5
9 0
18 2

a The range of a set of scores is 25. If the lowest score is 13, what is the highest score?

b The range of a set of 9 scores is 14. The highest score is 91. What is the lowest score?

Statistics
TOPIC TEST PART A

Marks
1 Niamh wanted to test a theory that older students preferred a different type of music to younger
students. She chose the youngest person from each Year 7 class and the oldest person from each
Year 12 class to answer her questions. What type of sample is this?
A random B stratified systematic
C census D 1
2 A motoring organistion did a survey of the number of breakdowns experienced by motorists

over a month. This data is
A categorical. B numerical continuous.
C numerical discrete. D none of these. 1
For Questions 3, 4, 5 consider the scores 5, 7, 3, 3, 8, 2, 6, 3, 9 and answer the questions.

3 What is the median?
A 3 B 5 7 C 8 D 1
4 What is the range?

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 8 1
5 What is the mode?

A 3 B 5 C 7 D 8 1
6 Which of the following is not numerical data?

A values of cards chosen from a standard pack B weights of children
C population of flying foxes in a colony D number of visitors to a theme park 1
7 For this set of data, which is the greatest?

Score 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency 13 22 35 26 11

A the mean B the median
C the mode D The mean, mode and median are all equal. 1
8 30% of a country’s population is aged over 60. How many people aged over 60 should be
included in a stratified sample of 250 people?
A 30 B 50 C 60 D 75 1
9 The mean of 8 scores is 12.5. A new score of 8 is included. What is the new mean?
A 12 B 12.5 C 13 D 13.5 1

9
Statistics
TOPIC TEST PART B

Marks
1 Patrick conducted a survey of opinions of an excursion. He chose the first five people to get
off each of the buses as they arrived back at school to answer his questions.
a Explain why this is not a random sample.

1
b If Patrick wanted to conduct a census what would he need to do?

1
2 40 people were randomly selected at a concert and asked their age.

The results were recorded in the table below.
Age 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Frequency 3 7 6 9 8 4 2 1

a What is the mode? b What is the median? 1
1
c Find the mean. d What is the range? 1
1
e What fraction of the people were more than 15 years old?
1
3 A high school has 500 girls and 700 boys.

a How many girls should be chosen in a stratified sample of 180 students?
1
b In another stratified sample of 300 students, 45 were in Year 12. How many Year 12
students are at the school?
1
4 The range of a set of 12 scores is 19. The lowest score is 8 and the mean is 11.
a What is the highest score? b What is the sum of all the scores? 1
1

11

Exam Paper 1
Instructions for all parts • Attempt all questions.
Time allowed: 1 hour
Part A: Allow about 10 minutes for this part.

Part B: Allow about 20 minutes for this part.
Part C: Allow about 30 minutes for this part. Total marks: 50
EXAM PAPER 1
Fill in only one circle for each question.
PART A
Marks
6
1 50
is equivalent to:
1 1
A 3% B 6% C 8 3% D 12%
2 If x – 10 = –2, then x equals:
1
A −12
48
B −8 C 8 D 12
3 2 × 4 equals:
1
A 6 B 8 C 18 D 48
4 The ratio of boys to girls is 4 : 3. If there are 42 children, how many girls are there?
1
A 28 B 18 C 24 D 21
5 (–3)2 + (–2)3 equals:
1
A –17 B –12 C 1 D 17
6 x(x – 2) equals:
1
A x – 2 2
B x – 2x 2
C –x D –2x 2
7 –7 + 2 × –4 equals:
1
A 20 B –15 C 36 D 5
8 For the set of scores 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, which statement is true?
1
A The mode is 3. B The mean is 3. C The median is 3. D The range is 3.
9 1.6 m equals:
1
A 16 mm B 160 mm C 1600 mm D 16 000 mm
10 When a die is thrown, what is the probability of getting an odd number?
1 1 1 2 1
A 4 B 3 C 2 D 3
11 A car uses 20 L of petrol for 100 km. At this rate, how many litres are needed to travel 1 km?
1
A 0.02 B 0.2 C 0.5 D 5
12 The area of a quadrant with radius 12 cm is:
1
A 6π cm 2
B 24π cm 2
C 36π cm 2
D 144π cm 2
Total marks achieved for PART A 12
EXAM PAPER 1 PART B
Answer each question in the space provided.
Marks
1 Calculate 80 635 – 43 419. 1
2 Complete the table of values for y = 3x − 2.

1
x –1 0 1 2
y
3 How many litres are there in 3645 mL? 1
4 Simplify 8ab + 2ba. 1
5 Simplify 22 × 24 × 25. 1
6 How many thousands are there in 3 million? 1
1
7 Find 5 of 3.8 tonnes. 1
8 Write 48% as a fraction in its simplest form. 1
9 Simplify 4 – 2(a + 1). 1
1
10 Edwina draws a sketch of a building using a scale of 1 cm to 2 metre.
1
How long is a line representing a wall of length 12 metres?
7 m
11 What is the area of the figure shown? 1

10 m
12 Find the value of a b when a =12 and b = 9.

2 1
14 m
1
13 Calculate 256 × 53 × . 1
4
135° x°
14 Find the value of x. 1
15 A rectangular prism measures 8 cm × 3 cm × 5 cm. Find its volume. 1
16 How many metres are there in 0.95 km? 1
17 What is the sum of two complementary angles? 1
18 Factorise 6ab – 3b2 + 12a2b. 1
19 Seven tickets cost $27.65. How much would two tickets cost? 1
20 On a sports afternoon, half of Year 8 went swimming, a third of

Year 8 played basketball and the rest stayed at school. If 52
stayed at school, how many students were in Year 8? 1
Total marks achieved for PART B 20
Exam Papers 169

EXAM PAPER 1 PART C
Show all working for each question.
Marks
D
1 a ∆ABC ≡ ∆EFD E b Find the area
of B 3 cm the
4 cm
parallelogram
4 cm 3 cm 7 cm
ABCD F
A C
15 cm
i Name the side in ∆EFD that matches to BC.
1
ii Name the angle in ∆EFD that matches to ∠ABC. 1
2 a Simplify: b Expand: 5(2x − 3) c Factorise: 3x − 24 1

3a + 2a × 4 − 5a 1
1
3 Peta surveyed the staff and students at her Glasses No glasses Total
high school to see how many wore glasses and Staff 30 (a) 70
how many didn’t wear glasses. Her results are
partly displayed in the table below Students (b) 480 630
Total 180 520 700
a What number should be written at (a)? b What number should be written at (b)? 1
If one person is selected at random from Peta’s school, what is the probability that he or she is:
c a student who wears glasses? d a person who doesn’t wear glasses? 1
4 Calculate the time:

1
a 35 minutes after 11:43 am b 24 minutes before 8:15 pm c 1 hour and 52 minutes
before 1:17 am 1
5 Find the value of the pronumeral in each of the following.

a b c 3x°
x° 50° 15° 130° y
75° 1
4
72° 65°
2
1
–4 –2 0
2 4 x 1
6 a On the set of axes shown plot the line y = x + 1. –2 1
b Where does this line cut the x-axis? –4 1
Total marks achieved for PART C 18
Exam Paper 2

EXAM PAPER 2 PART A

Marks
1 (0.3)2 equals:
1
A 0.09 B 0.9 C 9.0 D 0.03
2 (5m2 × 8n4) ÷ (4m0 × 3n2) =
40 m 2 n 2 10 m 2 n 2 10 m 2 10 m 2 1
A 3 B 3 C 3n 2 D 3n 6
3 An article costing $4.00 is sold for $4.50. The profit as a percentage of the cost price is:
1
A 20% B 12.5% C 25% D 37.5%
4 If x = 3 and y = 2, the value of x2 – xy is:
1
A 0 B 1 C 3 D 4
5 x + 3 + 2 (3x – 5) equals:
1
A 7x + 13 B 7x – 7 C 4x – 5 D 4x – 10
6 The interest on $500 for 3 years at an interest rate of 8% per annum is:
1
A $40 B $24 C $80 D $120
7 What is the capacity of an animal water trough in the shape of a rectangular prism with
dimensions 1.1 m by 2 m by 80 cm?
1
A 1.76 L B 176 L C 1760 L D 176 000 L
8 If $80 is divided in the ratio 5:3, the bigger amount is:
1
A $30 B $40 C $50 D $60
9 The sum of the smallest and the largest of the numbers 0.519, 0.9, 0.89 and 0.289 is:
1
A 1.189 B 0.8019 C 1.319 D 1.519
10 x is a factor of xy + xz. What is the other factor?
1
A y B y + xz C yz D y + z
11 Express 360 tonnes per hour as kilograms per second.
1
A 10 B 100 C 360 D 3600
12 a4 + a4 equals:
1
A a 8
B a 16
C 2a 4
D 2a 8
Exam Papers 171

EXAM PAPER 2 PART B
Marks
1 Write 4:35 pm in 24-hour time. 1

15.6
2 Evaluate 4.2 − 2.54 . 1
3 Factorise 8a – 8. 1
4 Find the third angle in a triangle if the other two angles measure 53° and 42°. 1
D
A
5 Calculate the area of the kite where AC = 32 mm and BD = 18 mm. E
1
B
C
6 Adrian bought a case of 64 apples for $16.95. He wants to make a profit
of 30%. For how much, to the nearest cent, should he sell each apple? 1
2x 8
7 Solve 3 = 6 . 1
3 2
8 Simplify 3 4 – 1 5 . 1
9 A die is rolled. What is the probability that the number rolled is not a six? 1
10 Expand and simplify 8x – 3(x + 2). 1
11 Find the mean of the set of scores: 8, 6, 4, 6, 5, 6, 10 1
1
12 The area of a square is 20 4 cm2. What is its perimeter? 1
13 If A = 4b2 and A = 5, what is the exact value of b (b > 0)? 1
2
14 Find 3 of 1.5 litres. 1
15 What percentage is 43 seconds of 2 minutes? 1
16 If the bill at a restaurant for three people came to $129.90, how much
should each person pay? 1
7
17 Express 9 as a recurring decimal. 1
18 If m = –3, find the value of (–m – 1)3. 1
19 Increase $100 by 10% and then decrease this amount by 10%. 1
20 Three parcels weigh 5.3 kg, 8.7 kg and 3.7 kg.

What is the average weight of the parcels? 1
EXAM PAPER 2 PART C
Marks
1 Correctly name the feature of the circle shown below.
a b c
P Q
A B
AB is a PQ is a The shaded region is a 1
2 Solve the following equations.

a x – 5 = 31 b 3x + 10 = 5x – 6 c 4(a – 8) = 48
1
3 For the following scores — 10, 15, 11, 9, 14, 14, 12, 10, 10, 15 — state the:
a mode b median 2
c range d mean 2
4 A car is travelling at 60 km/h. How many metres does it travel in 4 seconds? 1
5 Find the length of the missing side.

a b
x 6 cm y

1.5 m 1
2 m 6.5 cm 1
6 It is known that the wheels of a toy truck rotate 100 times per minute. If the radius of the
22
wheels is 70 mm, calculate, using π = 7
, how far the truck will travel in 10 minutes.
1
7 The diagram shows a quadrilateral and a semicircle.

Find the value of x. 15 cm
x

1
10 cm
Exam Papers 173

Exam Paper 3

EXAM PAPER 3
PART A
Marks
1 What is the perimeter of a rectangle with height 4 cm and length 8 cm?
1
A 12 cm B 16 cm C 24 cm D 32 cm
2 What is the number 6848 rounded to the nearest hundred?
1
A 7000 B 6800 C 6850 D 6900
3 On a plan, the length of a building is shown as 65 000 mm. How many metres is this?
1
A 0.65
1
B 6.5 C 65 D 650
4 Write 6 2 % as a decimal.
1
A 0.65 B 0.62 C 0.062 D 0.065
5 A toy was reduced in price from $50 to $45. What is the percentage discount?
1
A 5% B 10% C 20% D 45%
6 5a2b equals:
1
A 5 × a × 2 × b B 5a × 5a × b C 5ab × 5ab D 5 × a × a × b
7 (23)2 ÷ (22)3 equals:
3 1 1
A 4 B 4 C 4 D 1
8 If 3x – 8 = 31, what is the value of x?
1
A 6 B 8 C 13 D 26
9 A letter is chosen at random from the word MATHEMATICS. How many different elements are
there in the sample space?
1
A 8 B 9 C 10 D 11
10 A car was bought for $5000 and sold at a profit of 20%. What was its selling price?
1
A $1500 B $4500 C $6200 D $6000
11 The ratio of 12 grams to 3 kilograms is
1
A 3 : 250 B 4 : 1 C 1 : 250 D 1 : 4
12 Find in square metres the area of a rectangle 3 m long and 90 cm wide.
1
A 0.27 m 2
B 2.7 m 2
C 27 m 2
D 270 m 2
EXAM PAPER 3 PART B
Marks
2
1 Write 9 as a recurring decimal. 1
2 A man’s wage is $250. If he spends 40% of this on rent and 35% on

household expenses, how much money does he have left? 1
3 Solve for x: 12(x – 1) = 2(5x + 4). 1
4 A concrete mixture contains two parts cement, three parts sand

and three parts gravel. What percentage of the mixture is sand? 1
5 A road map is drawn to a scale of 50 mm to 1 km. How far apart

are two towns if they are 275 mm apart on the map? 1
6 Simplify 8x + 6y − x + 2y. 1
7 Calculate the mean of 34, 37, 42, 45 and 48. 1
8 Simplify 5x + (5x)0. 1
9 Factorise fully 9m − 3m2. 1

120°
10 Find the value of x. x° 1
3
11 Change 8 to a decimal. 1
12 The numbers 1 to 12 are written on separate cards and placed face down on a table.
If one card is chosen at random, what is the probability of selecting a number
divisible by 5? 1
13 What type of angles are α and β? α

1
β
14 Simplify 105 × 102 × 100. 1
15 If the volume of a cube is 729 cm3, what is its side length? 1
16 Solve 4x − 5 = 2x + 7. 1
17 Convert 3 hours 20 minutes to minutes. 1
18 A car travels at an average speed of 80 km/h. How long will it take

to cover 400 km? 1
19 Kate earns $90.80 for 20 hours babysitting. How much

will she earn for 45 hours at the same rate? 1
20 Calculate the area correct to

one decimal place. 1
15 cm
Exam Papers 175

EXAM PAPER 3 PART C
Marks
1 Calculate the area of the following shapes.
a b c
14 cm
6 cm 8 cm
1
20 cm
15 cm
1
2 Calculate the volume of the following prism.
5 cm

20 cm 1
12 cm
3 A swimming club has 40 members and an athletics club has 55 members. There are 16 people
who are in both clubs.
a Draw a Venn diagram to
show this information. 1
b How many people are in either the swimming

club or the athletics club or both. 1
y
4 a Complete the table of values for y = 2x – 1.
1
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y
b Draw the graph of y = 2x – 1. 0 x 1
c What is the y-intercept? 1
d For what value of x does y = 7? 1
5 A pair of congruent triangles is drawn below.

a Write all pairs of matching sides
A
1
b Write the congruence statement.

1
C B
M
Exam Paper 4
Time allowed: 1 hour • Calculators are NOT allowed for Part A.

EXAM PAPER 4 PART A

Marks
4
1 25
is equivalent to:
1
A 4% B 8% C 16% D 20%
2 Which clock correctly shows the same time in the evening as this clock? 12
1
11 1
A B 10 2
9 3
C D 8 4
7 5
3 (0.25)2 equals:
6
1
A 0.125 B 0.0125 C 0.0625 D 0.625
4 If $200 is divided in the ratio 2:3, the smaller amount is:
1
A $40 B $50 C $80 D $120
5 The area of this triangle is:
4 cm 5 cm
A 15 cm 2
B 18 cm 2
3 cm
1
C 9 cm 2
D 22.5 cm 2
6 cm
6 (–1)2 – (–1)3 equals:
1
A –2 B 2 C 1 D –1
7 What is the range of the following set of scores: 32, 32, 43, 46, 37, 41, 35?
1
A 3 B 14 C 32 D 38
8 7 + 5(x + 1) equals:
1
A 5x + 6 B 12x + 1 C 5x + 8 D 5x + 12
9 Interest on $800 for 3 years at 9% per annum is:
1
A $72 B $24 C $216 D $320
10 The number 9659 rounded to the nearest hundred is:
1
A 9500 B 9600 C 9700 D 10 000
11 If 7 is a factor of 7a + 7b, what is the other factor?
1
A a B a + 7b C ab D a + b
12 The ratio of 30 mL to 2 L is:
1
A 30 : 2 B 3 : 2 C 3 : 200 D 3 : 2000
Exam Papers 177

EXAM PAPER 4 PART B
Marks
1 Decrease $720 by 5%. 1

ab + ac
2 Find the value of abc if a = 2, b = 3 and c = 4. 1
y
3 How many millilitres are there in 3.5 litres? 1
y = 2x
4 What is the point of intersection for the lines y = 2x and y = 3 – x?
1
0 x
5 Write 84% as a fraction in its simplest form. y=3–x 1
6 Simplify 8y2 ÷ 8y2. 1
7 A bicycle wheel has a diameter of 65 cm. How far, correct to the nearest metre, will
the rider travel if the wheel turns 200 times? 1
8 Find the size of a quantity if 20% of it is 30 metres. 1
9 What is the probability of rolling a number less than 3 when rolling a normal die? 1
10 How many grams are there in 1.4 kg? 98°

1
11 What is the value of x? 140° x° 1
12 Write 500 minutes as hours and minutes. 1
13 What is the area (to the nearest whole number) of a circular speed limit sign with
a diameter of 35 cm? 1
14 Factorise 8m – 10. 1
15 A square has a perimeter of 20 cm. What is its area? 1
16 A cube has a volume of 216 cm3. What is its side length? 1
17 Expand and simplify x(3x – 5) + 2x(5 – 3x). 1
18 Calculate the circumference of a wheel with a diameter of 42 cm.

Answer to the nearest centimetre. 1
62°
19 If v = u + at, find v when u = 10, a = 6 and t = 5.6. 1
20 Find the value of the pronumeral

x°
in the given diagram. 1
EXAM PAPER 4 PART C
Marks
1 Find the value of the pronumeral, giving reasons.
P
a b c
R S 3x°
A Q B 104°
45° 128°
67° 2x° a°
P C 92°
Q R D 71°
T
1
S
1
2 Find the area of the following plane shapes.

a b A B
ABCD is a
rhombus.
7 cm 9 cm AC = 19 cm,
BD = 15 cm
12.5 cm D C
1
3 Find the volume of the given solid.

12 mm

47 mm
1
62 mm
4 In the rectangle given opposite, a diagonal is drawn 48 mm
to divide it into two congruent triangles. Write:
a all pairs of equal sides A B 1
b all pairs of equal angles 1
c the congruence statement 1
D C
Continued on the next page
Exam Papers 179

EXAM PAPER 4 PART C
Marks
5 Nine students did a short test. The results are recorded below.
6, 7, 4, 7, 8, 7, 7, 3, 9
1
a Determine the range.
1
b What is the mode?
1
c What is the median?
1
d What is the mean?
6 Solve the following.

2 a−2
a 9 = y b = 10
3 4

7 Find the value of the pronumeral in each of the following.

a b c
120° 50°
x°
25°
x° 3x°
Answers
Chapter 1 – Basic arithmetic and the calculator
Page 1 1 a 40 b 70 c 90 d 30 e 160 f 230 g 630 h 830 i 390 j 5670 k 9650 l 6380 2 a 800 b 500 c 200 d 2400
e 5400 f 6300 g 8900 h 6400 i 8500 j 500 k 900 l 600 3 a 3.6 b 0.8 c 9.7 d 31.6 e 0.2 f 16.1 g 18.4 h 91.5 i 62.9 j 43.2
k 83.3 l 55.1 4 a 5.67 b 8.94 c 9.62 d 33.26 e 41.67 f 83.19 g 52.37 h 81.29 i 63.14 j 59.33 k 129.64 l 538.63 5 a 50 b 3
c 90 d 9 e 0.007 f 0.05 6 a 84 b 240 c 8.9 d 92 e 330 f 82 g 250 h 0.000 65 i 0.0076
Page 2 1 a 17 b 46 c 48 d 59 e 45 f 100 g 360 h 112 i 20 j 23 k 11 l 29 m 32 n 109 o 11 2 a 244.52 b 678.804
3 11 4 4 16 173
c 121.7 d 38.1 e 114.632 f 223.1 g 27.62 h 22.35 i 11.02 j 59.94 k 25.346 l 114.53 3 a 9 4 b 1215 c 515 d 17 e 39 f 1175
7 6 6 36 1 11
4 a 100.15 b 10.98 c 72 d 2363.75 e 8.122 f 5.2 g 4754.65 h 498.015 i 158 5 a 118 b 2 35 c 35 d 2125 e 13 8 f 212
Page 3 1 a 25 b 36 c 225 d 1521 e 4225 f 7921 g 12.25 h 4.41 i 44.89 j 232.5625 k 265.69 l 14 713.69 2 a 512
b 64 c 125 d 216 e 32 f 2401 g 3125 h 512 i 243 j 1.728 k 13.824 l 1296 m 5.0625 n 0.343 o 13.0321 3 a 104.86 b 4.91
1 27 9
c 571.79 d 753.57 e 2138.14 f 3442.95 g 39 283.24 h 3763.82 i 20 730.72 j 6512.49 k 316.84 l 2766.76 4 a 2 4 b 125 c 116
4 24 1 5 7 1 13 93 4
d 28 9 e 40 25 f 72 4 g 15 8 h 42 8 i 41016 j 3 81 k 2125 l 5 9
Page 4 1 a 3 b 5 c 6 d 11 e 13 f 15 g 9 h 14 i 8 j 5 k 2 l 2 m 7 n 36 o 2 2 a 2 b 4 c 3 d 9 e 7 f 6 g 13 h 8 i 2
j 33 k 40 l 1.2 3 a 7.5 b 1.5 c 1.4 d 2.4 e 4.2 f 0.2 g 5.8 h 4.4 i 2.1 4 a 2.50 b 0.88 c 2.92 d 2.48 e 2.05 f 3.09 g 1.60
h 7.31 i 0.34 j 2.77 k 7.61 l 2.09 m 1.71 n 2.34 o 1.13
Page 5 1 16.8 cm 2 148.877 cm3 3 1219.68 cm3 4 17 cm 5 85 000 6 50 7 $830.40 8 $148.75 9 $111.88 10 24 11 48.54
1
12 $1891 13 6.06 14 2 2 15 2.38 16 159 17 $30.49 18 132.01 19 32.939 20 $1375
Page 6 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 C 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 D 12 C
Page 7 1 558.13 2 4700 3 0.50 4 2.38 5 1436.03 6 21.95 7 0.61 8 20.9 9 11.1 10 2 11 66.0 12 0.1 13 20.5 14 6.9 15 5.0
Chapter 2 – Percentages
Page 8 1 a 100 b 100 c 100 d 100 e %, 100 2 a 48% b 52% 3 a 35% b 42% c 97% 4 a 75% b 80% c 90% d 33%
e 11% f 49% g 36% h 22% i 91% 5 a 68% b 53% c 9% d 31% e 63% f 23% 6 a 77% b 85% c 77% d 81% 7 a 88% b 14%
1 2 3 1 1 3 7 1 4
3 17 17 9 19 49 19 23 1 41 9 73
Page 9 1 a 2 b 5 c 10 d 10 e 5 f 5 g 10 h i
4 j 4 k 20 l 1 m 100 n 10 o 20 p 100 q 100 r 100 2 a 40 b 500 c 200 d 200
5
7 11 169 201 5 1 9 1 21 17 183 37 81 131 1 1 1 1 9 21 11 1
e 200 f 40 g 200 h 500 i 8 j 200 k 40 l 125 m 200 n 200 o 1000 p 400 q 200 r 200 3 a 200 b 300 c 400 d 800 e 40 f 40 g 200 h 3
2 17 11 1 21 51 71 171 31 81 19 14 31 19 49 13 19 43 6 37 69 13
i 3 j 200 k 200 l 8 m 200 n 200 o 200 p 200 q 200 r 400 4 a 50 b 25 c 50 d 75 e 400 f 400 g 200 h 500 i 125 j 1000 k 1000 l 250
21 11 18
m 50 n 20 o 25
Page 10 1 a 30% b 50% c 80% d 40% e 43% f 84% g 62% h 39% i 56% j 25% k 16% l 72% 2 a 50% b 160%
1 2 1 1
c 70% d 80% e 30% f 18% g 36% h 28% i 14% 3 a 75% b 6 4 % c 65% d 11 3% e 25% f 17 2 % g 15% h 60% i 17 2 %
1 5 1 7 2 1
4 a 37 2 % b 55 9 % c 62 2 % d 6311% e 41 3% f 33 3%
Page 11 1 a 0.1 b 0.8 c 0.3 d 0.5 e 0.4 f 0.6 g 0.2 h 0.7 i 0.9 j 1 k 0.15 l 0.65 2 a 0.16 b 0.19 c 0.39 d 0.12
e 0.61 f 0.56 g 0.14 h 0.73 i 0.67 j 0.98 k 0.81 l 0.78 m 0.62 n 0.43 o 0.49 3 a 0.05 b 0.02 c 0.08 d 0.09 e 0.06 f 0.07
g 0.03 h 0.01 i 0.04 j 0.015 k 0.025 l 0.033 m 0.021 n 0.017 o 0.049 4 a 0.455 b 0.892 c 0.574 d 0.639 e 0.632 f 0.365
• • • •
g 0.538 h 0.927 i 0.697 j 0.237 k 0.158 l 0.213 5 a 0. 3 b 0.0083 c 0.003 75 d 0.015 e 0. 6 f 0.125 g 0.0925 h 0.2075 i 0.007
Page 12 1 a 15% b 25% c 35% d 95% e 14% f 85% g 18% h 55% i 17% j 45% k 67% l 65% m 91% n 75% o 72%
2 a 80% b 60% c 10% d 50% e 90% f 20% g 70% h 40% i 30% j 1% k 2% l 5% m 4% n 6% o 3% 3 a 12.3% b 62.5%
c 53.7% d 18.9% e 42.7% f 13.9% g 83.5% h 56.7% i 68.3% j 12.9% k 81.6% l 92.7% m 68.7% n 25.7% o 36.9 %
4 a 0.1% b 91% c 0.6% d 0.7% e 0.2% f 0.9% g 81% h 3.7% i 2.1% j 0.4% k 0.5% l 0.3% m 5.7% n 8.9% o 6.5%
5 a 120% b 250% c 360% d 256% e 131% f 357% g 825% h 341% i 563% j 284% k 534% l 813% m 527% n 803% o 206%
Page 13 1 a 30 b 1000 c 270 d 252 e 290 f 630 g 92.5 h 50.4 i 10.5 j 135 k 623 l 79 m 56.25 n 664 o 313.65 p 650
2 a 0.48 b 8.84 c 0.9 d 7.82 e 5.727 f 207.936 g 2.365 h 677.875 i 556.25 j 302.95 k 11 l 105 m 45 n 516.6 o 60 p 46.8
3 a 85 b $224 c 6.03 d 67.71 days e 46.2 f $2 g $18 h 1.2 kg i 80c j 120 k 200 g l $203 m $60 n $170.40 o 45 p 68
Page 14 1 a $58.50 b $9200 c $116 d $4800 e $420 f $1012.50 g 1260 g h 1 hour i 640 kg j 360 L k 72 h l 140 t m $810
n $372.13 o $209.95 p $168.64 q 96 ha r 1020 cm 2 a $51.03 b $57.12 c 2.6 m d 197.6 L e $837 f $5083.20 g $100.50 h $402.50
i $789.23 j $121.90 k 36 h l $252 m $310.25 n $528 o $57.60 p $12.10 q $676.80 r $403 3 a $414 000 b $1800 c $24 000 d $97.50
1 5 4 1
Page 15 1 a 10% b 40% c 57 7 % d 35 7 % e 3611% 2 a 25% b 25% c 40% d 25% e 50% f 33 3% g 12.5% h 90%
1 2 2 1 1
i 25% j 5% k 8 3% l 63% m 66 3% n 7.5% 3 a 12.5% b 16 3% c 13 3% d 2% e 20% f 25% g 33 3% h 25% i 30% j 10%
1 2 1 5 1 1 1 1
k 25% l 40% m 4% n 1.6% o 83 3% p 6 3% 4 a 8 3% b 25% c 15 9 % d 12 2 % e 16 4 % f 87 2 % g 20% h 333 3% i 2% j 25%
Answers 181
Answers
5 1
k 55 9 % l 30% m 7 2 % n 25%
Page 16 1 a 64 b $150 c 50 d 40 2 a 160 b 630 c 2400 d 700 3 a 200 b 460 c 480 d 400 e 140 f 600 g 1660
•
h 264. 4 i 4700 j 425 k 287.5 l 1840 4 a 27 b $21 500 c $575 d $168 000 e $550 f $54.17 g 5000
Page 17 1 $2430 2 a $2700 b $4400 3 a $4125 b $4475 4 $15 800 5 a $733.75 b $8400
Page 18 1 2$56, $504; $9, $36; $5.12, $58.88; $6.50, $123.50; $142.50, $807.50; $35, $105 2 a $81.60 b $598.40
3 a $300 b 21 3% 4 a $31 b $217 5 a $209.41 b $31.41 6 a $1520 b $684
Page 19 1 a $660 b 25.98% c 20.63% 2 a $12 360 b $18 540 3 a $5.16 b $51.64 4 $600
Page 20 1 44% 2 36 3 318 4 85% 5 500 kg 6 $495 7 20% 8 $2950 9 $190 10 $881.10 11 $969.50 12 3 13 $110.50
1
14 a 144 b 56 4 %
Page 21 1 D 2 D 3 A 4 D 5 C 6 D 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 C 11 D 12 D
1
Page 22 1 $111 2 257.40 kg 3 58.33% 4 $933.33 5 $106.67 6 33 3% 7 7 8 $72 9 12.5% 10 245 11 $50 714.29
12 28.78% 13 $2000 14 $2880 15 $2100
Chapter 3 – Four operations with integers

Page 23 1 a 11 b 5 c 11 d 9 e 13 f –1 g 14 h 8 i 26 2 a 13 b 4 c 31 d 4 e 24 f 13 g 12 h –2 i 54 3 a 5 b 3 c 19
d –5 e 30 f 2 g 27 h – 2 i 9 4 a 24 b –5 c 15 d 7 e 36 f –14 g 12 h –11 i 8 5 a 11 b 8 c 15 d –5 e 8 f –13 g 0 h –17
i 3 6 a 9 b 15 c 6 d – 15 e 4 f –15 g 14 h –12 i 20
Page 24 1 a 4 b 11 c 3 d 10 e 12 f 28 g –7 h 22 i 17 2 a 11 b 31 c 5 d 18 e 14 f 87 g 15 h 58 i 9 3 a – 21 b –6
c –13 d –12 e –10 f –6 g –17 h –4 i –28 4 a –17 b –2 c –17 d –4 e –23 f –5 g –32 h –2 i –25 5 a –26 b –14 c 43 d –8
e –46 f –3 g –24 h –10 i –40 6 a –4 b –7 c –12 d 14 e –14 f –2 g –18 h –17 i –9
Page 25 1 a 10 b –84 c 150 d –24 e 12 f –96 g 54 h –90 i 52 2 a 6 b –15 c 189 d –120 e 44 f –42 g 27 h –63 i 360
3 a –36 b 12 c –55 d 45 e –6 f 140 g –24 h 27 i –20 4 a –21 b 24 c –32 d 24 e –45 f 60 g –60 h 32 i –48 5 a 64 b 18
c –350 d 36 e 60 f –24 g –48 h –210 i 30
6 a b c
× 7 11 –4 × –5 –9 8 × 12 –25 –100
3 21 33 –12 7 –35 –63 56 –4 –48 100 400
–7 –49 –77 28 –10 50 90 –80 12 144 –300 –1200
Page 26 1 a 6 b –7 c 6 d –4 e 4 f –7 g 2 h –11 i 6 2 a 6 b –3 c 3 d –5 e 9 f –4 g 2 h –12 i 7 3 a –9 b 4 c 3 d 3
e –9 f –1 g –3 h 12 i 9 4 a 6 b –2 c –3 d –1 e –16 f 3 g –1 h 2 i –3 5 a 6 b –5 c –9 d 35 e –7 f –80 g 6 h –24 i –1
6 a –5 b 4 c –5 d 3 e –5 f –1 g –2 h 5 i –1
Page 27 1 a –6 b –1 c 7 d –4 e 10 f –2 g –1 h –12 i 7 2 a –32 b 2 c –9 d –21 e –77 f –8 g 90 h 25 i –72 3 a –8
b 15 c –5 d 12 e –28 f 3 g 11 h 0 i –64 4 a –14 b –5 c –16 d –2 e –4 f –18 g 0 h 49 i –4 5 a –2 b –42 c 1 d 50 e –5
f 8 g –9 h –9 i –8 6 a + 3 –7 –9 12 –15 b × –4 5 –10 8 –9
–1 2 –8 –10 11 –16 –5 20 –25 50 –40 45
6 9 –1 –3 18 –9 11 –44 55 –110 88 –99
–8 –5 –15 –17 4 –23 –6 24 –30 60 –48 54
Page 28 1 a 8 b 25 c –27 d 9 e 16 f 1 g 125 h 64 i –1 j 64 k –8 l 1 m 32 n 81 o 16 p 81 q –25 r –125 2 a 1 b 625

c –125 d –1 e –32 f 32 g –1 h –1000 i 64 j –216 k 64 l 108 m 81 n 343 o 100 p –64 q 81 r 162 3 a –72 b 85 c –63
d 41 e 125 f 2 g –28 h –49 i –150 j 4 k 56 l –288 m 441 n 208 o 100 p –4 q –11 r –16 4 a –5 b 1 c –1 d 21 e 2500
f 8 g 2100 h –15 i –100 000 j –6000 k 24 l –116 m 63 n 176 o –241 p 19 q –964 r 5000
Page 29 1 a 17 b –3 c 4 d 0 e 11 f 3 g –1 h 1 i –25 j 3 k –5 l –1 2 a 6 b 12 c –10 d –60 e 64 f –2 g –1 h –4 i –25
3 a –24 b 81 c –55 d –18 e 7 f 19 g 0 h 26 i –6 4 a (5 + 7) ÷ 6 = 2 b (–3 + 5) × –1 = –2 c 5 × (4 – 6) × 3 = –30
d (6 + 3 × 5) ÷ –7 = –3 e (–4 + 7 – 9) × 2 = –12 f 54 ÷ –9 – (2 + 7) = –15 g (–4 × 7 – 5) × –2 = 66 h (7 – 10) × (3 – 8) = 15
i 10 – (7 + 4 × –3 ÷ 12) = 4
Page 30 1 4° 2 3 km east 3 70° 4 –4 5 –1 kg 6 –3 7 a $1750 b $2545 8 loss of $3000 9 –3 and –5 10 5 cm 11 $575
12 fall of 13 degrees 13 –2 and 6 14 –5 15 –42
Page 31 1 C 2 D 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 A 7 C 8 D 9 C 10 A 11 D 12 A
Page 32 1 –11 2 13 3 –18 4 –15 5 8 6 11 7 5 8 –1000 9 –10 10 –29 11 –76 12 –60 13 28 14 –12 15 12 °C
Chapter 4 – Indices
Page 33 1 a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 b 5 × 5 c 7 × 7 × 7 d 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 e 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
f 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 g 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 h 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 2 a 26 b 75 c 57 d 38 e 104 f 65
g 123 h 29 3 a 16 b 27 c 121 d 125 e 169 f 100 000 g 216 h 64 i 81 4 a 52 b 23 c 104 d 62 e 25 f 72 g 107 h 32 i 63
Answers
5 a2×2×2×3×3 b6×6×7×7×7×7 c5×5×5×2×2×2×2 d3×3×3×3×3×5 e7×7×7×2×2
f 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 6 a 23 × 5 b 24 × 3 c 23 × 32 d 32 × 52 e 22 × 34 f 2 × 35 g 25 × 72 h 22 × 3 × 52
Page 34 1 a 28 b 39 c 510 d 711 e 211 f 109 g 69 h 114 i 512 j 316 k 222 l 717 2 a 65 b 59 c 38 d 76 e 28 f 511 g 237 h 1018
i 153 j 310 k 1224 l 55 3 a 45 b 512 c 511 d 214 e 49 f 812 g 312 h 712 i 314 j 210 k 321 l 232 4 a 55 b 99 c 411 d 811 e 211 f 510
g 35 × 47 h 310 i 65 j 65 k 78 l 810 5 a 55 b 38 c 65 d 76 e 55 f 712 g 414 h 815 i 410 j 64 k 29 l 315 6 a 53 b 53 c 77 d 82 e 43
f 8 g 37 h 3 i 94 j 66 k 73 l 72
Page 35 1 a 73 b 22 c 36 d 53 e 25 f 64 g 108 h 72 i 310 j 29 k 116 l 5 2 a 5 b 9 c 2 d 49 e 125 f 3 g 36 h 16
i 5 j 1 000 000 k 27 l 8 3 a 212 b 515 c 742 d 312 e 24 f 56 g 6 h 314 i 215 j 108 k 730 l 1212 4 a 38 b 96 c 55
d 56 e 29 f 76 g 78 h 415 i 912 j 87 k 614 l 1026 5 a 33 b 57 c 8 d 95 e 123 f 9 g 23 h 75 i 53 × 46 j 82 × 33 k 22 × 35 l 25 × 3
6 a 55 b 56 c 85 d 37 e 73 f 33 g 84 h 69 i 42 j 2 × 32 k 58 l 23 × 36
Page 36 1 a 210 b 318 c 516 d 715 e 228 f 618 g 550 h 316 i 114 j 1018 k 560 l 336 2 a 6561 b 1024 c 4 035 607 d 1 048 576
e 244 140 625 f 1 679 616 g 4 782 969 h 262 144 i 2401 j 4096 k 1 771 561 l 14 348 907 3 a 321 b 220 c 614 d 536 e 76 f 1121
g 2100 h 1010 i 612 j 128 k 749 l 230 4 a 415 b 335 c 840 d 5144 e 290 f 584 g 718 h 480 i 266 j 948 k 763 l 3126 5 a 64 b (23)3, 29
c (34)2, 38 d (53)2, 56 e (72)4, 78 f (25)3, 215 6 a 212 b 236 c 340 d 396 e 1116 f 330 g 512 h 1045 i 240 j 372
Page 37 1 a 1 b 8, 8, 1 c 10 000, 10 000, 1 d 125, 125, 1 e 49, 49, 1 f 32, 32, 1 2 a 30 b 20 c 100 d 50 e 70 f 20 3 1
4 a 1 b 1 c 1 d 1 e 1 f 1 g 1 h 1 i 1 5 a 2 b 0 c 1 d 7 e 8 f –1 g –1 h 15 i 6 j 2 k 1 l 10 6 a 1 b 1 c 1 d 2 e 3
f 5 g 1 h 1 i 1 j 1 k 1 l p m 10 n 8 o 6
Page 38 1 a 79 b 27 c 78 d 412 e 39 f 86 g 85 h 55 i 63 2 a 43 b 23 c 62 d 52 e 43 f 32 g 34 h 52 i 43 3 a 36 b 26 c 76
d 412 e 610 f 88 g 522 h 330 i 512 4 a 4 b 1 c 8 d 5 e 64 f 1 g 1 h 1 i 81 5 a 85 b 611 c 220 d 56 e 52 f 54 g 26 × 66 h 4 × 32
i 33 j 9 k 72 × 42 l 44
Page 39 1 C 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 B 10 D 11 B 12 B
Page 40 1 66 2 52 3 86 4 6 5 312 6 314 7 94 8 72 × 52 9 36 10 9 11 314 12 34 13 1 14 3 15 58 × 236
Chapter 5 – Rational numbers

Page 41 1 a 8 b 12 c 15 d 9 e 7 f 8 g 6 h 35 i 23 2 a 70 b 50 c 90 d 400 e 70 f 80 g 150 h 380 i 570 3 a 200 b 600
c 400 d 700 e 800 f 1000 g 300 h 300 i 2500 4 a 6000 b 8000 c 8000 d 5000 e 2000 f 3000 g 5000 h 6000 i 6000 j 9000
5 a 20 000 b 90 000 c 30 000 d 50 000 e 50 000 f 60 000 g 70 000 h 80 000 i 50 000 j 20 000 6 a 3 000 000 b 6 000 000
c 8 000 000 d 6 000 000 e 29 000 000 f 32 000 000 g 48 000 000 h 92 000 000 i 9 000 000 j 31 000 000
Page 42 1 a 2.3 b 8.9 c 30.6 d 81.1 e 92.8 f 41.4 g 89.5 h 32.1 i 54.2 j 53.3 k 91.8 l 39.4 2 a 81.3 b 32.1 c 36.5 d 41.9
e 62.5 f 92.4 g 51.3 h 39.6 i 42.8 j 28.5 k 58.7 l 73.9 3 a 7.81 b 19.63 c 21.54 d 63.83 e 51.37 f 72.12 g 84.35 h 63.84
i 41.64 j 64.84 k 75.61 l 81.14 4 a 7.42 b 15.63 c 28.14 d 0.94 e 33.46 f 47.44 g 53.24 h 64.83 i 78.36 j 81.89 k 92.64
l 125.84 5 a 5.678 b 25.831 c 19.716 d 37.840 e 42.839 f 59.235 g 63.615 h 72.819 i 81.342 j 93.145 k 120.616 l 92.184
6 a 88.615 b 63.341 c 230.361 d 95.649 e 94.833 f 512.158 g 120.158 h 134.643 i 832.325 j 435.235 k 437.130 l 531.641
Page 43 1 a 0.3 b 0.9 c 0.7 d 4.3 e 0.07 f 0.12 g 0.93 h 2.39 i 0.783 j 0.549 k 0.6342 l 0.0764 2 a 5.3 b 8.9 c 15.07
d 28.05 e 16.01 f 94.7 g 123.03 h 128.8 i 532.37 j 81.3 k 58.7 l 94.19 3 a 0.1 b 0.6 c 0.03 d 0.17 e 0.063 f 0.0415 g 0.6
h 0.14 i 0.375 j 0.25 k 0.064 l 0.875 4 a 0.1 b 0.18 c 0.2 d 2.49 e 0.068 f 2.8 g 1.26 h 3.04 i 0.935 j 0.018 k 0.044 l 0.24
5 a 0.003 b 0.0114 c 0.625 d 0.4 e 0.3 f 0.74 g 0.206 h 0.135 i 1.28 j 0.275 k 0.322 l 0.056
Page 44 1 a terminating b recurring c terminating d recurring e terminating f recurring g recurring h terminating
0.936

i terminating j terminating k terminating l terminating 2 a b 0.7 c 0.53 d 0.8 e 0.27
f 0.26 g 0.43
h 0.12
i 0.81
j 0.6
k 0.428 571 l 0.08 3 a 4.333 ... b 8.666 ... c 0.111 ... d 0.3131 ... e 0.7777 ... f 2.222 ... g 1.7272 ... h 0.227 272 7 ...

i 1.2424 ... j 0.708333 ... k 0.555 ... l 0.1515 ... 4 a 0.083 b 0.2 c 1.4 d 1.6892 e 1.63
f 5.123
g 6.230 69 h 5.06 i 3.25
j 0.456
k 2.1 l 0.936 5 a 0.253 b 0.3 c 0.6 d 0.38 e 0.23 f 0.153 g 1.72 h 0.4 i 1.7 j 0.002 k 3.58 l 8.37
6 a 0.3
b 0.6 c 0.2 d 0.3 e 0.5 f 0.18 g 0.27
h 0.36 i 0.45
j 0.045
k 0.01 l 0.02
Page 45 1 a rational b rational c irrational d irrational e irrational f rational g rational h rational i irrational j rational
k rational l irrational 2 a rational b rational c rational d neither e rational f irrational g rational h rational i irrational
j rational k rational l irrational 3 a irrational b rational c irrational d rational e rational f irrational 4 a 2 and 3 b 4 and 5
c 8 and 9 d 14 and 15 e 5 and 6 f 9 and 10
Page 46 1 a 2 : 1 b 1 : 4 c 4 : 1 d 1 : 3 e 3 : 1 f 1 : 11 g 8 : 1 h 1 : 13 i 9 : 1 j 1 : 6 k 4 : 1 l 1 : 12 2 a 7 : 15 b 2 : 1 c 3 : 1
d 4 : 23 e 8 : 1 f 22 : 3 g 7 : 2 h 1 : 9 i 16 : 3 j 2 : 19 k 1 : 5 l 4 : 9 3 a 1 : 3 : 5 b 3 : 1 c 3 : 10 d 5 : 24 e 1 : 7 f 24 : 5 g 2 : 3 h 7 : 9
i 1 : 4 j 6 : 25 k 24 : 1 l 7 : 8 m 1 : 2 : 4 n 1 : 3 : 9 o 1 : 2 : 3 4 a 1 : 8 b 2 : 5 c 1 : 8 d 3 : 10 e 3 : 7 f 1 : 7 g 6 : 35 h 2 : 3 i 25 : 6
j 3 : 5 k 16 : 1 l 5 : 4 m 2 : 5 n 1 : 5 5 a 4 : 35 b 2 : 25 c 1 : 4 d 5 : 24 e 9 : 2 f 7 : 4 g 11 : 18 h 6 : 5 i 7 : 13 j 69 : 89 k 41 : 50 l 16 : 5
Page 47 1 a $240 and $320 b 800 kg and 1200 kg c $320 and $400 d $500 e $900 2 a 28 boys b 40°, 60°, 80°
c adults = 480, children = 320 d 80 g e $15 000 3 a 70 cm b 9 : 16 c 5 : 16 d $24 000, $30 000 and $42 000 e $2400 and $3000
Page 48 1 a 80 km b 5 litres c $2.50 d $30 e $31.25 2 a 90 km/h b 90 km c 106.25 L 3 a 2.5 m/year b 50 c 2 km/min
Page 49 1 a 1.5 b 1440 c 1800 d 120 e 2400 f 0.5 g 50 h 85 000 i 12 500 j 306 000 k 0.315 l 2400 2 a 2760 b 165 600
c 165.6 3 33.3 m/s 4 a 1500 b 90 000 c 90 5 a 22.8 m/s b 72 km/h
Page 50 1 a 1 : 1000 b 1 : 100 c 1 : 10 000 d 1 : 10 000 e 1 : 250 f 1 : 20 g 1 : 20 000 h 1 : 5 i 1 : 6000 2 a 1 m b 3 m c 5 m
Answers 183
Answers
d 0.8 m e 0.6 m f 1200 m 3 a 8 m b 50 m c 6000 m d 95 m e 8300 m f 63.25 km 4 a 5 cm b 4 cm c 12.6 cm d 8 mm
e 30 cm f 28.35 cm 5 a 35 m b 15 m c 525 m2 d 2.5 m e 150 m2
Page 51 1 a 3 : 2 b 2 : 3 2 160 bottles/h 3 a 3 : 4 b 4 : 3 4 60 km/h 5 $120, $180 6 a 4 : 9 b 1 : 2 7 90 km/h 8 75 cents
9 $36 000, $84 000 10 metal 25 m3, sand 15 m3, cement 10 m3
Page 52 1 D 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 B 7 D 8 C 9 C 10 B 11 A 12 A
1
Page 53 1 13.2 2 0.37 3 3 4 a 3 : 1 b 7 : 20 5 36, 48 6 4 h 7 $21.50 per hour 8 a 8 mm b 130 m 9 54 km/h 10 25
11 a irrational b rational c rational
Chapter 6 – Basic algebra

2y x
Page 54 1 a 5x + 6y b m – 15 c 6a d a – b e 3 2 a 6n – 5 b 5a + 32 c x + 2y + 5z d 12ab e 6a 3 a 3x + 9 b 5 + 8
c x + 20 d x – 8 e x + 7 4 a a + 17 b 6m + 7n c 3a + 4b + 5c d 9x + 11y + 2z e 8m + 10n + 7p 5 a 6a + 5b + 7c b 20xy – 10
3a a +b 18 + x
c 4 b + 15 d 10 e 6
Page 55 1 a 6 b 19 c 16 d 24 e 14 f 54 g 96 h 35 i 32 j 41 k 15 l 31 2 a 3a, 10a b 5x, 9x c none d 5c, 9c e 14y, 6y
f 5l, 6l g 4c, 5c h 5a, 6a i 18y, y 3 a 12a b 4y c 5m d 4x e 5a f 3d g 25d h 13k i 19a 4 a 13x b 11b c 23x d 17a e 43x
f 13a g 7y h 6c i 19y 5 a 9a b 5ab c xyz d 6xy e 42mnl f 8mn g 10ab h 20mn i 14ade 6 a 28 × a × b b 8 × a × b × c
c 7 × x × y d 7 × m × n e 9 × a × b × c f 18 × m × m g 2 × x × y × z h 9 × a × a × b i 14 × m × n × p j 8 × a × a × a
k 5 × a × c × e l 17 × a × a × b × b m 16 × x n 28 × x × x × y × y × y
Page 56 1 a 4a b 3x + 4y c 4x + y d 5l + m e 3m + 2n f 3k + 3m 2 a 14x + 7y b 19a + 29 c 5a + 12b d 7x + 11y
e 14m + 7n f 11a + 15b 3 a 4x + 2y b 2x + 16y c 17p + 2l d 21m + 2n e 19y + 31x f 4xyz g 11a + 17b h 14a + b 4 a 7m
b 6p c 8y2 d 2x e 11a – 7b f 4y g 17x h 2d 5 a 4x b a2 – 8a + 15 c 6y – 3x d p3 + 2p2 – 10 e 8a + b f 14x + 8y g 4ab + 4b
h xy + 6x 6 a xy b 18m2n + mn2 c 16a2 d 23xyz + 4x e 27xyz f 6x2 + 17y2 g 11x2y2 + 17x h 16a3 + 4b3
3x
Page 57 1 a 8y b 8a c 5m3 d 7 × a × b e 16y 2 a 15a b 35n c a + 7b d 4x + 64 e 5 f abc g 42a h 8ab2 i 20mn
23 6a m m +n 5x 8x + 3
j 2m + 5 k 9 + 4x l 3a + 4b m x n 11 o 10 p 5 q 3a + 2 r 2 a 3 a 9 × a b 3 × y c 12 × a d 4 × x – 5 e 8 × m + 3
f 60 – 3 × x g a × b + 3 h 2 × x – 3 × y i a × a × a × b × b j 14 × x × y × z k 7 × m × m + 4 l x × x – y × y 4 a 6a3b b 12a2b2
c 5(x + 9) d 5(m – 5) e 7a(c + 2) f 28(x – 2) g mn(p + 3) h 6(5a + 9) i 8 + (20 + 4m) j 8(6a – 2b) k 7a + 5 l 14a – 5
m 7n3 n 18a3 o x3y2 p 8m – 9 q 16a + 7 r 5a – 10 1 2
Page 58 1 a 21 b 28 c 26 d 9 e 45 f 12 g 27 h 3 i 117 j 9 k 162 l 15 2 a 4 b 19 c –85 d 15 e 31 f 24 g 240 h 30 i 26 3
j 4 k 14 l 94 3 a 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 b 2, 6, 10, 14 c –2, 3, 8, 13, 18 d –1, 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35 e 5, 7, 9, 11
f –7, 2, 11, 20, 29, 38, 47 4 a 6, 4, 5, 25, 1, 25 b 11, 5, 24, 64, 9, 47 c 8, 4, 12, 36, 4, 34 d 12, 2, 35, 49, 25, 53
e 13, 5, 36, 81, 16, 56 f 6, 2, 8, 16, 4, 26 g 13, 7, 30, 100, 9, 55 h 11, 3, 28, 49, 16, 48 i 9, 7, 8, 64, 1, 37
Page 59 1 a 24 b 4 c 18 d 29 e 6 f 120 g 15 h 19 i 58 j 43 k 68 l 35 2 a 17 b 45 c 32 d 9 e 5 f 20 g 49 h 4 i 125
j 100 k 4 l 50 m 8 n 21 o 18 3 a 8.9 b 14.7 c 3.1 d 15.6 e 90.5 f 42.3 g 75.9 h 13.8 i 3.7 j 3.7 k 2.7 l 1.5 m 79.2
n 3.8 o 2.4
Page 60 1 a 5x b 3x c 9a d 3y e 10y f q g 14m h 8a i 17b j 6t k 12n l 8mn m 3p n 15xy o 4p p 6x2 2 a 8p b 10m
c 10x d 5xy e 13y f 9k g 15xy h 7a i 13m j 9p k 21a l 4ab m 6x2 n 11a2 o 5x p y 3 a 7x + 9y b 8a + 7b c 19m + 8n
d c + 3d e 15a – 5m f 5x2 g 8x + 2y h 9mn i 8y + 2x j 3x + 3y k 8m + 13n l 3t + 9 m 13y + 4x n 3a + 9 o 12 – 5x
p 3m + 5mn q 14m + 8n r 3x + y
Page 61 1 a –4a b x c –3y d –5p e 5a f 11x g 3m2 h –9n i –8x j –8p k 0 l –6x m –2a n –6t o –4x p –12k
2 a 3n b –3y c 2a d –2k e 11y f 6p g –2x h –10n + 15 i 4m j 5a2 + 3a k –6x l 4x – 10y m –7t + 21 n –5k2 + 9k o –4x + 3y
p –2xy – 25 3 a 5x – 6y b 2p – 4n c 5a + 11b d –4n – 2p e –6b f a – b g 15 h 8m2 + 3a2 – 6m i 7y – 5 j –3a – 4b
k 3k + 17 l 8xy + 7x m 10m – 15 n a – 5b o 3a – 9t p –2ab – 3b q –4y – 11 r –4y2 – 4y
Page 62 1 a 21a b 36ab c 20mn d a2b e –10x f 16m2 g –12a2 h 27m i 24b2 j 5x2 k 6ab l 12a2m m 24m2n2 n 50p2
o 30ab p 30m2n 2 a 30ab b 14a2 c –24b2 d –18a e 6m2n f –40x g ab2c h –45t2 i 56mn2p j 6k2 k xy2z l 30x m 6mn3p
n –5ab o –12ab2c p 4ab q –14a2bc r 42y2 3 a 40x2 b –80xy c –60ay d –30m2 e 24a f –60mn g 18xy h –30n3
i –40p2 j –15x3y3 k –30xy l –xyz m –7a2b n 20ab o –6m2n p 100m2 q 5a2 r –30ab2c2d
Page 63 1 a 5 b 6b c 3n d 4 e 3c f 3m g 9 h b i 4 j m k 4x l 2n m y n 6b o 5m p 6x 2 a 3a b 8 c 2b d 5 e –2a
5 m 3b
f –2q g 4 h 3y i 2 j –9 k –x l –6 m 18 n –3 o c p 3b q 4 r 4n 3 a –3a b –9bc c z d 3 e 20 f 3b g 10a h a i x j n k a
l –3a m –6x n –7b o –2q p –7a q y r 3n
Page 64 1 a 40x2 b 72 c 35m2 d 30a2b e 96a2 f 4 g 21 h 12m i 24m j 25 2 a 54x b 120x c 3 d –1 e b f 90m2 g 60a2b2
h 1 3 a y b 26x c 35p d –47x e 51t f 2a g 3 h 25x i 8a 4 a 7 b 2 c 1 d 8y e 10 f –2
Page 65 1 a 5a + 15 b 6x – 42 c –12 – 2a d –5x – 35 e 18a + 45 f 15x – 27 g 12a + 6a2 h 2x2 – 5x i 6m2 + 3m j 5x2 – 15x
k 14n2 – 21n l –3a2 + 6a m –2a – 10 n –21p + 28 o 5a2 – 5a p –6x2 + 6x q –x – 9 r –4y + 7 2 a 9x + 15 b a – 30 c 6m – 12
d 5x + 1 e 4y2 + 24y f 3m – 12 g 2x + 30 h 12x – 6 i 4m – 2 3 a 7x – 2 b 11m – 30 c 8p – 29 d 10x + 22 e 2x + 10 f x2 + 3
g 3p – 28 h 5p2 + 9 i 5m – 2
Answers
Page 66 1 a 5(a + 1) b 8(x – 1) c 3(y – 1) d 2(x + 1) e 6(m + 1) f 7(m + 1) g 3(p + 2) h 4(q + 2) i 3(2x – 3y)
j 4(x – 4) k 9(b – 2) l 5(a + 4) m 2(a + 3) n 3(m + 4) o 6(n – 4) p 8(x – 4) q 3(a + 5) r 2(a + 7) 2 a 3(a + b) b 5(m + n)
c 6(p – q) d 7(a + 2b) e 3(l – 3m) f m(m + 7) g y(y + 6) h 9(x – 2y) i 3(a – 8b) j 4(x + y) k p(m – 3) l 8(x – 4y) m 6(x – 6)
n 3m(1 + 4m) o y(5 – y) p 3(3x – 2) q 8(m – n) r 3x(2 – x) s 2x(x – 2) t 6p(q – 2p) u 10(x – y) 3 a –3(x – 2) b –5(x – 2)
c –4(x – 2) d –6(x – 3) e –x(2 – x) f –6(a – 4) g –3(a – 4) h –4(a – 4) i –6(a + 2) j –4(y + 2) k –2(x + 5) l –4(2y + x)
m –3(p + 3q) n –5(x + 5) o –(x + 5) 4 a 7(a + b) b 4(a – 5) c 9(x – y) d 3(m + 5) e 6(1 – t) f m(m – 4) g a(5b – a)
h 7(m – 2n) i 2ab(4 – 3a) j –4(1 + 3a) k –3(1 + 5p) l –3(m + 2n) m 9(m – 4) n –4a(1 + 5a) o –(x + 7)
2 x + y + 3z
Page 67 1 2x + 3y 2 mn 3 3 4 2x + 3 5 x + 1 6 x2 7 5x + 2 8 4a cm 9 y3 cm3 10 2x + 4y 11 2x + 30 cm
12 $7x 13 a 6x + 10 b 6x + 3 c 16x 14 a 4x2 b 2x2 – 3x c x (4x + 2) 15 6p + 5q 16 40y cents
Page 68 1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 D 9 A 10 B 11 B 12 B
Page 69 1 4a 2 9a2b2 3 16ab3 4 11ab 5 2a + 6 6 18x2 7 x 8 2pq(p + 2q) 9 –11x + 39 10 15y + 33 11 5a – 14b 12 17 13 8a
14 –2x + 22 15 –7(x + 3)
Chapter 7 – Length, mass and time

Page 70 1 a m b mm c cm d km e g f mg g kg h t i s j min k h l d 2 a M b k c h d da e d f c g m h µ
3 a m b m c km d cm
Page 71 1 a 10 b 100 c 1000 d 1000 e 1000 f 1000 g 1000 h 60 i 60 j 24 2 a 365 b 366 c 12 d 26 e 52 f 2 g 10
h 100 i 1000 j 4 k day l night m midday n midnight 3 a 31 b 28 c 31 d 30 e 31 f 30 g 31 h 31 i 30 j 31 k 30 l 31
Page 72 1 a 100 b 400 c 200 d 410 e 300 f 600 g 350 h 800 i 500 j 700 k 225 l 534 m 1 n 8 o 70 p 16.7 2 a 2
b 12 c 0.9 d 0.6 e 5 f 25 g 1.5 h 0.2 i 80 j 40 k 5.6 l 15.7 m 1000 n 15 000 o 4750 p 20 070 3 a 1000 b 3500 c 2250
d 10 000 e 6000 f 12 000 g 6500 h 7900 i 8000 j 5000 k 9520 l 5500 m 200 n 800 o 255 p 501 4 a 500 b 4 c 4500 d 64
e 7000 f 46.3 g 63.5 h 2300 i 900 j 8000 k 600 l 1800 m 6000 n 530 o 8.56 p 231 5 a 80 b 400 000 c 300 d 370
e 6 f 4 g 2 h 12 690 i 9 j 0.7 k 8500 l 580 m 20 n 0.000 009 o 50 p 36.5
Page 73 1 a c = 4 b c = 15 c c = 9 d c = 5 e c = 13 f 17 2 a 25 cm b 41 m c 85 mm 3 a 9.4 cm b 29.1 mm c 10.1 cm
4 a No b Yes c Yes
Page 74 1 a a = 3 b a = 8 c a = 7 2 a x = 4 mm b y = 5 m c a = 15 cm 3 a x = 14.8 cm b x = 7.1 m c x = 4.6 mm
4 6.1 m 5 36 cm
Page 75 1 a 21 cm b 22 cm c 30 cm d 19 cm e 24 cm f 17.5 cm 2 a 72 cm b 36 m c 38 m d 48 m e 56 m f 32 m
3 a 28 cm b 20 cm c 26 cm d 24 m e 25 m f 42 m
Page 76 1 a 36 b 40 c 52 d 56 e 48 f 24 2 a 80 b 88 c 56 d 60 3 a 18 m b 3.28 m
Page 77 1 a 3000 b 3500 c 9350 d 8000 e 8320 f 4900 g 12 000 h 1250 i 5100 j 4000 k 7500 l 8392 m 5 n 0.5 o 3.6
p 8 q 0.75 r 5.675 2 a 5000 b 1 000 000 c 8 d 7000 e 12 000 f 6357 g 3250 h 15 350 i 2 000 000 j 0.009 k 3875 l 2508
m 8000 n 0.05 o 6070 p 0.3 q 6500 r 9008 3 a 7 b 38 300 c 6500 d 15 e 3.5 f 25 g 0.89 h 0.635 i 8900 j 2 k 9 l 8.605
m 1750 n 2250 o 3205 p 0.45 q 4.368 r 8.9 4 a 1 b 11 c 5100 d 2100 e 0.001 f 3 000 000 g 0.6 h 9.5 i 9 000 000 000
Page 78 1 a 36 500 t b 1250 c 212.5 kg d 22.4 t e 1.96 kg f 820 g 2 a 380 g, 1.9 kg, 3600 g, 18.8 kg, 4.2 t, 23.5 t
b 4.135 t c 3140 g d 2.8 kg
Page 79 1 a 60 b 60 c 24 d 7 e 2 f 4 g 52 h 12 i 365 j 366 k 10 l 100 m 1000 2 a min b h c s d min e h 3 a 40 b 8
c 300 d 730 e 540 f 300 g 49 h 120 i 6 j 4 k 3 l 600
Page 80 1 a 11 h 38 min b 21 h 58 min c 15 h 46 min d 9 h 11 min e 13 h 33 min f 8 h 24 min g 13 h 9 min h 2 h 5 min
i 1 h 42 min 2 a 11 d 16 h 17 min b 12 h 13 min c 10 h d 6 h 3 a 10:40 am b 5:55 am c 3:05 pm d 6:55 am e 5:06 pm f 6:15 pm
g 9:07 am h 6:47 am i 6:44 pm j 12:10 am 4 a 1 h b 2 h 10 min c 4 h d 4 h 20 min e 5 h f 5 h 20 min
Page 81 1 a twenty-five minutes to four; three thirty-five b half past eight; eight thirty c ten minutes to nine; eight fifty
d ten past eleven; eleven ten e five minutes to seven; six fifty-five f twenty past seven; seven twenty 2 a 4:30 b 8:00 c 10:15
d 12:00 e 12:00 f 10:20 3 a 7:00 am b 10:20 pm c 6:40 pm d 11:00 am e 8:30 am f 10:00 am 4 a 7:00 am
b 11:17 pm c 6:25 pm d 7:21 pm e 6:25 am f 9:00 am 5 a 0600 b 1445 c 1630 d 0630 e 0325 f 1020 g 1948 h 2110
Page 82 1 a 8:35 am b 9:43 am c 10:25 am d 3:20 pm e 8:36 pm f 11:40 pm 2 a 0900 b 1230 c 0440 d 2310 3 a 0530
b 1445 c 2320 d 0215 4 a 6 h 20 min b 5 hours 5 a 1645 b 2240 6 9:20 pm 7 1 h 55 min 8 a 4:10 pm b 9:35 am
c 11:30 pm 9 a 0530 b 1520 c 2240 10 2020
Page 83 1 3.76 m 2 27 cm 3 10.63 km 4 33 cm 5 440 m 6 45 960 t 7 13.01 t 8 5000 9 605 kg 10 625 g 11 2250 12 336 h
Page 84 1 C 2 C 3 A 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 D 8 D 9 D 10 D 11 B 12 B
1
Page 85 1 28 m 2 64 cm 3 160 m 4 3500 m 5 16 6 625 7 3 t 8 400 g 9 6.14 kg 10 35 000 t 11 180 min 12 120 h
13 8760 h 14 2 min 40 s 15 8 d 16 h 10 min
Chapter 8 – Area, volume and capacity

Page 86 1 a 100 b 10 000 c 10 000 d 1 000 000 e 100 f 1000 g 1 000 000 h 1000 i 1000 j 1 k 1000 l 1 2 a 1 cm3 b 10 g
Answers 185
Answers
c 100 cm3 d 500 mL e 600 g f 800 cm3 g 1 kg 3 a 700 b 8 c 90 000 d 3.5 e 50 000 f 2 300 000 g 6000 h 5 i 15 j 49 000
k 8 l 50
1 1 1
Page 87 1 A = b × h 2 A = 2 h (a + b) 3 A = 2 dD 4 A = 2 dD 5 A = πr2, C = 2πr 6 V = x3 7 V = lbh 8 V = πr2h
9 V = Area of triangular face × length of the prism (V = Ah)
Page 88 1 a 60 cm2 b 112 cm2 c 144 cm2 d 40 cm2 2 a 60 m2 b 216 cm2 c 336 cm2 d 126 m2 e 126 cm2 f 120 m2 g 114 cm2
h 168 m2 i 320 cm2 j 300 mm2 3 a 20 m b 9 cm c 88 mm2 d 330 cm2 e 8 m f 170 mm2 g 9 cm h 18 m i 11 cm j 420 cm2
Page 89 1 a 192 m2 b 60 cm2 c 130 cm2 d 87.5 km2 e 253 m2 f 30 cm2 g 2808 cm2 h 5.52 m2 i 4079.25 m2 2 a 64 m2
b No, we know the sum of their areas but we cannot find the area of each one unless we know the length of its base.
Page 90 1 a 30 cm2 b 150 cm2 c 96 cm2 d 198 cm2 e 140 cm2 f 90 cm2 2 a 63 cm2 b 36 cm2 c 70 m2 d 66 mm2
e 30 m2 f 60 cm2 g 75 mm2 3 a 30 m2 b 4 cm c 72 cm2 d 7 cm e 10 m f 56 cm2 g 22 cm
Page 91 1 a 48 cm2 b 30 cm2 c 90 cm2 d 40 cm2 e 30 cm2 f 112 cm2 2 a 31.5 cm2 b 35 m2 c 33 mm2 d 30 m2 e 60 cm2
f 75 mm2 3 a 15 m2 b 36 cm2 c 14 cm d 10 m e 56 cm2 f 22 cm
Page 92 1 a 30.24 cm2 b 48.88 cm2 c 46.24 cm2 d 900.9 cm2 e 195 cm2 f 24 cm2 g 120 cm2 h 57 cm2 i 45.5 cm2
j 255 cm2 k 380.1 cm2 (1 d.p.) l 151.04 cm2
Page 93 1 10 000 cm2 2 1 000 000 m2 3 10 000 m2 4 3.75 ha 5 $13 440 6 a 1000 m2 b $130,000 7 20 cm 8 18 000 ha
9 a 3 200 000 m2 b 3.2 km2 10 a 3800 cm2 b 2200 cm2 c 6000 cm2
Page 94 1 a 8 cm3 b 27 cm3 c 1000 cm3 d 1.728 m3 e 39.304 m3 f 1728 m3 g 729 cm3 h 68.921 m3 i 5.832 m3
2 a 343 m3 b 729 m3 c 1331 m3 d 3375 m3 e 2197 m3 f 2744 m3 3 a 8 cm b 12 cm
Page 95 1 a 192 cm3 b 105 cm3 c 1440 cm3 d 784 cm3 e 420 cm3 f 216 cm3 2 a 280 cm3 b 300 cm3 c 5 cm d 11 cm
e 4 cm f 810 cm3 3 a 144 cm3 b 420 cm3 c 240 cm3 d 324 cm3 e 352 cm3 f 144 cm3
Page 96 1 a 510 cm3 b 250 cm3 c 504 cm3 d 540 cm3 e 150 cm3 f 1980 cm3 2 a 640 cm3 b 360 m3 c 720 cm3 d 192 cm3
e 1056 m3 3 a 288 m3 b 26 cm c 225 cm3 d 18 m e 23 cm2
Page 97 1 a 1331 cm3 b 1944 cm3 c 870 cm3 d 247.5 cm3 e 1152 cm3 f 1764 cm3 2 a
b 1728 cm3 c 384 cm3 d 2112 cm3 3 a 1296 cm2 b 144 cm2 c 1152 cm2 d 9216 cm3
Page 98 1 a 3000 cm3 2 7 cm 3 a 840 000 mm3 b 840 cm3 4 a 27 cm3 b 810 cm3 c 360 5 8 times 6 8400 cm3 7 60 cm2
8 5600 cm3
Page 99 1 a 50 b 10 253 c 9600 d 18 500 e 8300 f 18 350 g 4000 h 9.863 i 2.384 j 9.35 k 12 780 l 18 800 2 a 9 b 4
c 2.648 d 20 e 6 f 19 g 3 h 15 i 9.53 j 5 k 9875 l 7 685 000 3 a 18 L b 35 kL c 625 mL 4 a 204 000 cm3 b 204 L
5 a 2744 cm3; 2744 mL b 1944 cm3; 1944 mL c 3500 cm3; 3500 mL
Page 100 1 312 L 2 4.8 L 3 19 cm 4 875 mL 5 19.5 L 6 a 2400 cm3 b 19 200 cm3 7 2800 cm2 8 225 cm2 9 50 cm
10 1250 mL 11 4096 cm3 12 220 m2
Page 101 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 D 6 B 7 C 8 A 9 D 10 C 11 B
Page 102 1 a 150 cm2 b 1.89 m2 (or 18 900 cm2) c 45.5 cm2 d 120 cm2 e 18 m2 f 108 cm2 2 a 12 m3 b 350 cm3 3 343 cm3
4 960 cm3 5 1 000 000 cm3 6 5 L
Chapter 9 – Circles
Page 103 1 a centre b diameter c radius d arc e chord f semicircle g minor segment h major segment i sector j tangent
1 3 1 1
k secant l circumference 2 a 4 b 4 c 8 d 3 3 a 9 cm b 24 cm
Page 104 1 a 25.1 cm b 18.8 cm c 37.7 cm d 81.7 cm e 47.1 cm f 100.5 cm g 12.6 cm h 62.8 cm i 56.5 cm
2 a 44 cm b 154 cm c 132 cm 3 a 69.1 km b 179.1 m c 144.5 cm d 295.3 cm e 245.0 mm f 119.4 m
Page 105 1 a 51.4 cm b 40.6 cm c 34.7 cm 2 a 50 cm b 55 cm c 77.5 cm 3 a 96.5 cm b 68.6 cm c 57.1 cm d 40.0 cm
e 35.6 cm f 320.4 cm g 57.1 cm h 50.0 cm i 140.5 cm
Page 106 1 a 28.3 cm2 b 78.5 cm2 c 254.5 cm2 d 132.7 cm2 e 227.0 cm2 f 283.5 cm2 g 201.1 cm2 h 314.2 cm2 i 380.1 cm2
2 a 154 cm2 b 3850 cm2 c 154 cm2 3 a 1963.5 km2 b 10.2 m2 c 1075.2 mm2 d 16 741.5 cm2 e 125 663.7 km2 f 151.7 cm2
Page 107 1 a 88.4 cm2 b 113.5 cm2 c 237.6 cm2 2 a 346.4 cm2 b 1001.0 cm2 c 169.7 cm2 3 a 524.5 cm2 b 300.9 cm2
c 150.8 cm2 d 384.8 cm2 e 105.8 cm2 f 692.1 cm2 g 127.2 cm3 h 140.0 cm2 i 291.1 cm2
Page 108 1 a 69.1 cm b 241.9 cm c 75.4 cm 2 a 254.47 cm2 b 2290.22 cm2 c 153.94 cm2 3 a 40.0 cm b 73.7 cm
c 35.0 cm 4 a 46.54 cm2 b 41.10 cm2 c 202.08 cm2 d 98.17 cm2 e 210.90 cm2 f 289.16 cm2
Page 109 1 175.9 m 2 2463 m2 3 35 cm 4 201.1 cm2 5 3183.1 cm2 6 56.55 cm 7 39.58 m 8 157.1 cm 9 1017.88 cm2
10 615.75 m2 11 1 : 4 12 213.6 cm 13 7.07 m2 14 9.42 m
Page 110 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B
Page 111 1 12 cm 2 a (minor) segment b sector 3 a 131.9 cm b 1385.4 cm2 4 a 12.6 m2 b 12.6 m 5 a 247 cm
b 3619 cm2 6 a 63.6 cm2 b 32.1 cm 7 a 55 cm2 b 201 cm2
Chapter Answers_2015 updates for future reprint.indd 186 12/08/2015 3:15 pm
Answers
Chapter 10 – Linear relationships
Page 112 1 a O b Q c Y d U e H f A g B h C i D j P k N l M m L n X o T p F q R r S s E t W u V v G w K x J
2 a (–6, 1) b (–4, 1) c (1, 1) d (4, 2) e (–3, 2) f (–5, 3) g (–2, 3) h (0, 3) i (2, 3) j (4, 4) k (2, 5) l (–2, 6) m (–6, 5) n (–2, 0)
o (0, 0) p (3, 0) q (1, –5) r (1, –4) s (–3, –4) t (–2, –3) u (–4, –2) v (2, –2) w (5, –2) x (–5, –1) y (–2, –1) z (3, –1)
Page 113 1 a 0, 1, 2, 3 b –2, 0, 2, 4 c –6, –3, 0, 3 d 1, 0, –1, –2 e 0, 1, 2, 3 f –4, –3, –2, –1 2 a –1, 1, 3, 5
b –3, –1, 1, 3 c 1, 3, 5, 7 d 2, 5, 8, 11 e –7, –3, 1, 5 f –5, –2, 1, 4
Page 114
1 a b c
x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2
y 1 2 3 4 y –2 –1 0 1 y 4 3 2 1

y y y
y = –x + 3
y=x+2
x x x
y=x–1

2 a b c
x 2 2 2 2 x 0 1 2 3 x 0 1 2 3
y 0 1 2 3 y 3 3 3 3 y 0 1 2 3

y y y
x=2 y=3
x x y=x x

3 a y = x b y = x + 2
x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2
y –1 0 y11 223 y
4 y

y = –x y = 2x + 1
y=x+2
x –1 0 1 2 y=x x –1 0 1 2 y = 2x + 1
y 1 0 –1 y = –x
–2 x
y –1 1 3 5 x

Their point of intersection Their point of intersection
is (0, 0). is (1, 3)

Answers 187
Answers
Page 115 1 a x = 2 b x = 4 c x = 3 d x = 4 e x = 6 f x = 6 2 a y = –2 b y = –8 c y = 6 d y = –3 e y = –3 f y = –3
3 a b 4 a
y y y 3
x 0 2
y 3 0
x x x

b c x 0
3 d x 0
3
x 0 5 2 4
y 5 0 y –3 0 y –1 0

y y y
x x x

Page 116
1 a x = 1 b
y
x = 3 y
x 1 1 1 1 1 y=3 x 3 3 3 3 3
y –2 –1
(1, 3) 0
y –2 –1 0 1 1 2 2 x=3

y = 3 y = –2
x x
x –2 –1 0 1 2 x –2 –1 0 1 2 (3, –2)
x=1 y = –2
y 3 3 3 3 3 y –2 –2 –2 –2 –2

2 a y = 2x – 1 b y = 3x – 1
x –1 0 1 2 x –1 0 1 2
y –3 –1 1
y –4 –1 2 3 y
5 y
y = 3x – 1
y = –x + 2 y = x – 3
x –1 0 1 2 (1, 1) x –1 0 1 2
y 3 2 1 0 y –4 –3 –2 –1 x x

y = 2x – 1 y=x–3
Their point of intersection Their point of intersection (–1, –4)
is (1, 1). y = –x + 2 is (–1, –4).

Page 117 1 a (0, 3) c (–4, 6) e (4, 0) f (8, –3) 2 b 2y = 3x c x – 5y = 0 e y = –2x 3 a yes b yes c no d yes e yes f no 4 m = 3
5 a = 5 6 a (0, –2) b (2, 4) c (1, 1) d (5, 13) e (–1, –5) f (–2, –8)
1
Page 118 1 a x = 2 b x = –3 c x = 4 2 a 2 + 1 = 3; 3 = 3 b –3 + 1 = –2; –2 = –2 c 4 + 1 = 5; 5 = 5 3 a x = 3 b x = – 2
c x = 2 d x = 4 4 a x = –1 b x = 1 c x = –2 d x = 2 5 a x = –1 b x = –4 c x = 4 d x = 2
Page 119 1 D 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 B 8 C 9 B 10 A 11 B 12 D
Answers
Page 120 1 a and iii, b and v, c and i, d and ii, e and iv, f and vi 2 a
y
b (–3, 1)
(–3, 1) y=1
•
x
–3
x = –3
3 a y = x + 2 b y
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y –1 0 1 2 3 4 5

c –5 d (–2, 0) e (0, 2) f x = –5
x
Chapter 11 – Equations
Page 121 1 a x = 3 b a = 4 c m = 12 d b = 6 e a = 8 f n = 7 g x = 6 h x = 6 i y = 6 j p = 10 k t = 10 l a = 12 m y = –5
n x = –2 o x = 4 2 a m = 8 b x = 10 c y = 12 d n = –12 e x = 11 f x = 18 g m = 4 h y = 21 i a = 2 j m = 10 k n = 16 l a = 15
m y = 2 n t = –2 o a = 6
Page 122 1 a x = 4 b a = 8 c m = 7 d b = 8 e a = 6 f n = 3 g x = 15 h x = 11 i y = 12 j p = 12 k t = 5 l a = 18
m y = –1 n x = –1 o x = 15 2 a m = –5 b x = –2 c y = 5 d n = 6 e x = 22 f x = 9 g m = 15 h y = 39 i a = 8 j m = 15
k n = 31 l a = 8 m y = 0 n t = 3 o a = 4
Page 123 1 a a = 4 b x = 6 c y = 3 d x = 21 e y = 30 f x = –4 g m = –3 h x = 3 i t = –20 j p = –4 k y = –20 l t = 4
m a = 18 n a = 8 o x = –21 2 a x = 30 b x = –12 c x = 42 d a = –60 e a = –18 f b = 72 g m = 36 h x = 27 i y = –28 j a = 6
kb=5 lx=4 mx=7 nx=6 ox=7
Page 124 1 a x = 1 b x = 8 c y = 5 d m = 6 e x = 23 f a = 5 g x = 16 h x = 2 i a = 23 j x = 5 k x = 5 l t = 7
m y = 2 n m = 30 o k = 9 2 a x = 4 b m = 6 c x = 33 d x = 50 e x = 7 f m = 12 g m = 5 h y = 10 i y = –1 j x = 3 k x = 3
l x = 7 m a = 3.1 n a = 1 o p = 0.3
Page 125 1 a x = –21 b x = 4 c t = 11 d m = 5 e m = 6 f a = 12 g y = 5 h x = 5 i y = 6 j x = 8 k a = 4 l p = 7
4 14 3
2 a x = 34 b x = 3 c x = – 3 d y = 17 e x = 2 f x = – 9 g m = 9 h x = 4 4 i y = 6 j m = –3 k x = –12 l y = 7
3 1
Page 126 1 a x = 2 b m = 2 c m = 5 d x = 4 e a = 6 3 f n = 12 g n = 3 h p = 4 i x = 3 j a = 6 k m = 4 l x = 2 2 a a = –32
2 5 3 22
b x = 23 c y = 18 d x = 68 e x = 4 5 f a = – 3 g x = – 2 h a = 21 i a = 13 j a = 0 k a = 15 l a = 14 m a = –57 n a = –96 o a = 23
Page 127 1 a 30 b 75 c 36 2 a 56 b 34 c 26 3 a 5 b 15 c 8 4 a 6 b 12 c 27 5 a 50.3 b 232.5 c 399.0
6 a 54 b 272 c 908.5
Page 128 1 16 2 10 3 14 4 18 5 2 6 15 7 18 8 36 9 5 10 width = 4 cm, length = 9 cm 11 12 cm 12 3 cm 13 52
14 x = 12 15 5
Page 129 1 a x = 36 b a = 24 c y = 42 d m = 30 e m = 28 f x = 54 g a = 11 h x = 12 i x = 5 j x = 6 k x = 10 l m = 22
1 1 1
2 a x = 20 b y = 7 c t = 15 d m = 19 e a = 8 f p = 7 g x = 8 h x = 6 4 i x = 0 j m = 11 k x = 1 l m = 7 2 m x = –3 3
np=5 oa=8
Page 130 1 D 2 C 3 C 4 D 5 C 6 A 7 D 8 A 9 D 10 C 11 A 12 B
8 1 1
Page 131 1 a x = 37 b m = 6 c n = 21 d x = 1152 e x = 4 f a = –4 g x = 32 h x = 3 i x = 4 j p = 2 k x = 6 l x = 6 m x = 22
1
n x = 3 2 2 17
Answers 189
Answers
Chapter 12 – Reasoning in geometry
Page 132 1 a y = 40 b a = 105 c m = 50, n = 130 d k = 120 e m = 70 f m = 40 2 a t = 90 b y = 35 c a = 20
d y = 35 e x = 55 f m = 82, n = 98, p = 98 3 a a = 45 b n = 70 c a = 90
Page 133 1 a a = 120 b m = 60 c n = 104 d y = 50 e x = 25 f n = 105 2 a a = 120, b = 60, y = 60, x = 120
b x = 60, y = 120, m = 120 c a = 70, b = 110, d = 70, c = 110 3 a a = 60 b x = 55 c a = 70 d x = 45, y = 20
e x = 30, y = 40 f a = 30, b = 60
Page 134 1 a a = 95 b a = 20 c x = 45 d x = 65, b = 50 e x = 70, y = 50 f x = 70, y = 70 2 a x = 35,
y = 55 b x = 30, a = 30 c a = 115, m = 35, n = 30 3 a b = 70, a = 60, c = 50 b x = 75, y = 105 c m = 120 d y = 65, x = 115
e b = 50, c = 80, a = 100 f a = 40, b = 55, c = 55
Page 135 1 a x = 52 b x = 50 c y = 60 d a = 55 e x = 20 f a = 60 2 a a = 70 b y = 120 c x = 35 3 a x = 56
b a = 50 c x = 65 d x = 35, y = 55 e a = 35, m = 123 f a = 40, x = 75
Page 136 1 a a = 35 b m = 100, n = 80, p = 100 c a = 50, b = 130 d m = 60, n = 115 e a = 140 f x = 100
2 a x = 45, y = 140, m = 55 b a = 90, b = 145 c m = 70, n = 110, p = 70 3 a a = 203 b a = 36 c m = 90,
p = 110, n = 70 d m = 150, n = 60 e a = 36 f a = 26
Page 137 1 a transformation b translation c reflection d rotation 2 a translation b reflection c rotation d reflection
e rotation f translation g rotation h reflection
Page 138 1 a ≡ b same, same c transformation d ΔABC ≡ ΔDEF 2 a translation b reflection c rotation
3 a ΔABC ≡ ΔDEF b ΔPQR ≡ ΔLMN c ΔGHI ≡ ΔJKL
Page 139 1 a same, same b i equal ii equal iii equal c ≡ 2 a ABCD and EFGH, ABFE and DCGH, ADHE and BCGF
b PQR and STU 3 A and M, B and F, C and L, D and I, E and G, H and J, K and N 4 a L and P, I and M, J and N, K and O
b LI = PM, IJ = MN, JK = NO, KL = OP
Page 140 1 a sides, angle, two, included angle b sides, three sides c side, hypotenuse, one side and the hypotenuse
d sides, angle, two, angle 2 ΔABC and ΔZYX, ΔDEF and ΔAWV, ΔHGI and ΔATR, ΔJKL and ΔPQR, ΔMNO and ΔSUT
3 a ∠EFD b ∠P = ∠X, ∠R = ∠Z, ∠Q = ∠Y 4 a b c d
5 a ΔACF and ΔAEB; ΔBGC and ΔFGE; ΔBCE and ΔFEC; ΔCGE and ΔCDE
b ΔRPS and ΔRTQ; ΔPQS and ΔTSQ; ΔPQU and ΔTSU; ΔPQT and ΔTSP
Page 141 1 a i DF ii ΔABC and ΔDEF iii ABC ≡ DEF b i ∠TUS ii ΔPQR and ΔSTU iii ΔPQR ≡ ΔSTU
2 a ∠EFH = ∠GHF; ∠HEF = ∠FGH b EF = GH; FH = HF; HE = FQ c ΔEFH ≡ ΔGHF 3 a SP = SR; PQ = RQ; QS = QS
b ∠SPQ = ∠SRQ; ∠PSQ = ∠RSQ; ∠PQS = ∠RQS c ΔPQS ≡ ΔRQS
Page 142 1 a three matching sides b two matching sides and the included angle c two matching angles and the matching side
d the hypotenuse and one matching side e ≡ 2 a SSS = SSS b RHS = RHS c SAS = SAS d AAS = AAS 3 a AC b yes c RHS
Page 143 1 a a = 60, b = 120, c = 60 b x = 108, y = 108 c a = 90, b = 90, c = 90 2 a a = 55 b a = 50
c x = 92, y = 133 3 a x = 120, y = 30 b a = 55 b = 125, c = 55 c a = 40, b = 80
Page 144 1 a x = 90 b y = 45, 45, 90, 90, 135 c a = 60, 60, 60, 120, 120 d x = 14, 14, 84, 147, 115
e x = 70, 70, 70, 110, 110 f a = 55, 55, 110, 110, 85 2 a = 90, b = 30, c = 60 b a = 65, b = 115, c = 65 c a = 80,
b = 65, c = 35, d = 80, e = 65
Page 145 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 C
Page 146 1 a AB = ED, AC = EC, BC = DC b ∠A = ∠E, ∠B = ∠D, ∠ACB = ∠ECD c ∆ABC ≡ ∆EDC
d SSS or SAS or AAS e reflection 2 a QR = ST, PQ = PT, PR = PS b ∠QPR = ∠SPT, ∠PQR = ∠PTS, ∠PRQ = ∠PST
c ∆PQR ≡ ∆PTS d SSS or SAS or AAS 3 a 30 b 110 c ∆ABD ≡ ∆CDB d AAS e rotation 4 60°
Chapter 13 – Probability
Page 147 1 a certain b likely c impossible d unlikely e impossible f impossible g even chance h impossible
2 a 30% b 100% c 30% d 100% e 0% f 50% g 0% h 70% 3 a unlikely b impossible c certain d most likely e even chance
f most likely g unlikely h unlikely i most likely j certain k unlikely l most likely
Page 148 1 a January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
b red, blue, yellow c A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H d W, X, Y, Z e 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 f A, A, C, E, H, I, M, M, S, T, T
g 26, 27, 28, 29 h spring, summer, autumn, winter 2 a C, C, E, I, I, N, N, O, O, S, S, T, U b 13 c 8 3 a 26 b 7 c 7 d 15
Page 149 1 a no b no c yes d yes e no 2 a A, E, H, I, N, P, S b black, grey c two heads, one head and one tail, two tails
d 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 3 a yes b no c no d no e yes 4 a 14 b 36 c 23 d 0 e 33
1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 3 3 7 8 4
Page 150 1 a 4 b 2 c 13 d 4 e 26 f 2 2 a 3 b 3 c3 3 a6 b2 c 3 d0 e2 f 3 4 a5 b 3 c 15 d 5 e 0 f 5 5 a 15 b 15 c 15
1 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 7 2 3 1
d3 e5 f3 6 a7 b 7 c7 d0 e 7 f 7 7 a 11 b 11 c 11 d 11 e 0 f 11
5 5 2 1 3 499 1 13 4
Page 151 1 a 6 b6 c3 d 2 2 4 3 500 4 a2 b0 c1 5 32 6 5 7 0 8 73% 9 0.995 10 4 in 5
Answers
Page 152 1 There are 12 students who play both soccer and hockey; 50 students who play soccer or hockey, but not both; 23
students who play neither sport; 62 students who play soccer or hockey or both; and 85 students in Year 8. 2 There are 27 students
who study Japanese; 41 students who study French; 19 students who study neither language; 0 students who study both languages;
and 87 students in Year 8. 3 A = 39 B = 12 C = 23 D = 46 4 a b 12 c 9 d 21 e 27
C B E
12 6 9
7 15 1 1 3 4 4 1 1 1 3 7 3 4 2 1
Page 153 1 8 2 16 3 a 2 b 2 c 10 d 5 e 5 f 5 g 5 h 0 i 2 j 5 4 a 13 b 26 c 13 5 a 9 b 6
29 4 6 27 1 41 7 101 49 49
Page 154 1 a i 54 ii 98 b 200 c 50 d 7 e 49% f 25 g 58 2 a i 2 ii 75 iii 25 iv 150 b i 75 ii 82
33
3 a Seen the movie Not seen Total b 70
Boys 185 115 300
Girls 165 85 250
Total 350 200 550
Page 155 1 B 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 B 11 C 12 C
5 1 1 1 2 3
Page 156 1 a b 10 c 25 d i 8 ii 4 2 a b 13 c 0 d 13 e
I F 4 4
10 10 15
5
1 1
3 a tossing a tail with a coin b winning a cricket match 4 a P(E) = 2 b P(Ẽ) = 2 c P(E) + P(Ẽ) = 1
Chapter 14 – Statistics
Page 157 1 a 5 b 9 c 26 d 10 2 a Frequency: 9, 7, 9, 6, 8, 11;
cumulative frequency 9, 16, 25, 31, 39, 50 b 6 c 5
8
d 50 e 25 f 31 g 34
Frequency (f)
6 h 50
Cumulative Frequency (f)
4 40
2 30
20
6 7 8 9 10
Score (x) 10
1 2 3 4 5 6
Score (x)
Page 158 1 a census b census c sample 2 a sample b census c sample d sample e census f census 3 a census b sample
c census d sample e census f sample
Page 159 1 a chance b systematic c strata 2 a systematic b random c stratified 3 a systematic b stratified c stratified
d systematic e random sample
Page 160 1 a In a census the whole population is surveyed, whereas in a sample only part of the population is surveyed.
b Categorical data is data that can be placed in categories or sorted by types. Categorical data cannot be measured. Numerical data
has number values. Calculations can be made with numerical data. c Discrete data has specific number values and is usually
collected by counting. Continuous data is found by measurement and does not have exact values. 2 a numerical b numerical
c numerical d categorical e numerical f categorical g numerical h numerical 3 a discrete b continuous c discrete
d discrete e continuous f discrete g continuous h continuous i discrete j continuous k continuous
Page 161 1 a numerical, discrete b categorical c categorical d categorical e numerical, discrete f numerical, continuous
g numerical, continuous h numerical, discrete i categorical j numerical, discrete k categorical l numerical, continuous
m categorical n categorical o numerical, continuous 2 a systematic b stratified c random d systematic e systematic
3 The meeting may be an English teachers’ meeting, so the views of teachers in other faculties would not be obtained.
4 Year 7, 43; Year 8, 40; Year 9, 42; Year 10, 44; Year 11, 45; Year 12, 36
Answers 191
Answers
Page 162 1 a 5 b 8.8 c 66.5 d 9 e 5 f 20 g 2.625 h 8.2 i 6 2 a 5.9 b 3.9 c 15.3 d 45.9
3 a x f fx mean = 3.375 b x f fx mean = 1.95 c x f fx mean = 8.16
1 5 5 0 11 0 6 3 18
2 8 16 1 13 13 7 5 35
3 6 18 2 14 28 8 6 48
4 9 36 3 12 36 9 7 63
5 12 60 4 10 40 10 4 40
Total 40 135 Total 60 117 Total 25 204
4 a 3930 b 12.3 c 91%

Page 163 1 a 15 b 7.5 c 76 d 28 e 116 f 63 2 a 5 b 9 c 3 d 52 e 8 f 5 and 6 3 a cumulative frequency: 3, 9, 17, 24, 29, 33;
mode = 3 median = 3 b cumulative frequency: 12, 31, 49, 64, 74, 87; mode = 6 median = 7 c cumulative frequency: 8, 14, 21, 31, 36;
mode = 19 median = 18 d cumulative frequency: 5, 12, 20, 34, 40 mode = 19 median = 18.5
Page 164 1 a i 95.5 ii 81 iii 96 b Barry was above the average but he did not do well, he was second lowest in the class.
When data includes atypical scores, the median should be used as the measure of ‘the middle’.
2 Few houses would have identical prices so the mode is not used. If one or several very expensive homes were sold this would
significantly increase the mean, the mean would no longer be a good indicator of the price of the majority of houses sold. The median
would be unaffected by the few high prices. 3 a 16.7 b 14 c 16 d The shop owner would sell more of this size and so would need to
stock more of the modal size.
Page 165 1 a 14 b 11 c 18 d 35 e 23 f 64 g 14 h 17 i 9 j 32 k 22 l 46 2 a 5 b 9 3 a 44 b 44 4 a 38 b 77
Page 166 1 C 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 A 7 D 8 D 9 A
Page 167 1 a It is not random because each student on the bus does not have an equal chance of being selected.
3
b He would need to survey every student. 2 a 15 b 15 c 14.9 d 7 e 8 3 a 75 b 180 4 a 27 b 132
Exam Papers
Page 168 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 6 B 7 B 8 D 9 C 10 C 11 B 12 C
12
Page 169 1 37 216 2 x –1 0 1 2 3 3.645 L 4 10ab 5 211 6 3000 7 760 kg 8 25 9 2 – 2a 10 24 cm
y –5 –2 1 4
11 105 m 12 432 13 212 14 x = 45 15 120 cm3 16 950 m 17 90º 18 3b(2a – b + 4a2) 19 $7.90 20 312
2
3 26
Page 170 1 a i FD ii ∠EFD b 105 cm3 2 a 6a b 10x – 6 c 3(x – 8) 3 a 40 b 150 c 14 d 35 4 a 12:18 pm
b 7:51 pm c 11:25 pm 5 a x = 105 b x = 205 c x = 31 6 a y b (-1,0)
y=x+1
x

Page 171 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 D 11 B 12 C
7 5 5
Page 172 1 1635 h 2 9.4 3 8(a – 1) 4 85º 5 288 mm2 6 34 cents 7 x = 2 8 2 20 9 6 10 5x – 6 11 6.43 12 18 cm 13 2
• •
14 1 L 15 35.83% 16 $43.30 17 0. 7 18 8 19 $99 20 5.9 kg
•
Page 173 1 a diameter b tangent c minor segment 2 a x = 36 b x = 8 c a = 20 3 a 10 b 11.5 c 6 d 12 4 66. 6 m
5 a x = 2.5 m b y = 2.5 cm 6 440 m 7 10 cm
Answers
Page 174 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 D 7 D 8 C 9 A 10 D 11 C 12 B
1 1
Page 175 1 0.2 2 $62.50 3 x = 10 4 37 2 % 5 5.5 km 6 7x + 8y 7 41.2 8 5x + 1 9 3m(3 – m) 10 150º 11 0.375 12 6
13 alternate angles 14 107 15 9 cm 16 x = 6 17 200 minutes 18 5 hours 19 $204.30 20 88.4 cm2
Page 176 1 a 90 cm2 b 80 cm2 c 461.8 cm2 2 600 cm3 3 a b 79 4 a –7, –5, –3, –1, 1, 3, 5
S A
24 16 39
b y c –1 d x = 4 5 a AC = AB, CM = BM, AM = AM b ∆ACM ≡ ∆ABM
x
y = 2x – 1
Page 177 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 B 7 B 8 D 9 C 10 C 11 D 12 C
7 21 1
Page 178 1 $684 2 12 3 3500 4 (1, 2) 5 25 6 1 7 408 m 8 150 m 9 3 10 1400 g 11 42° 12 8 h 20 min
13 962 cm2 14 2(4m – 5) 15 25 cm2 16 6 cm 17 –3x2 + 5x 18 132 cm 19 43.6 20 x = 59
Page 179 1 a x = 34 (angles in a straight line) b a = 52 (cointerior angles) c x = 31° (angle sum of a quadrilateral)
2 a 87.5 cm2 b 142.5 cm2 3 157 728 mm3 4 a AB = CD, AD = CB, BD = DB b ∠A = ∠C, ∠ABD = ∠CDB, ∠ADB = ∠CBD
c ∆ABD ≡ ∆CDB
Page 180 5 a 6 b 7 c 7 d 6.44 6 a y = 13.5 b a = 42 7 a x = 60 b x = 20 c x = 75
Answers 193
Notes
Topic Test Feedback Chart
Percentage Score
Your score
Your Score ( x 100%)
Chapter Topic Test (Part A + Part B) Marks available
Basic arithmetic
1 + = x 100% = %
and the calculator 27
2 Percentages + = x 100% = %
27
Four operations
3 + = x 100% = %
with integers 27
4 Indices + = x 100% = %
27
5 Rational numbers + = x 100% = %

27
6 Basic algebra + = x 100% = %

27
Length, mass and

7 + = x 100% = %
time 27
Area, volume and

8 + = x 100% = %
capacity 23
9 Circles + = x 100% = %
25
Linear
10 + = x 100% = %
relationships 27
11 Equations + = x 100% = %
27
Reasoning in
12 + = x 100% = %
geometry 25
13 Probability + = x 100% = %
27
14 Statistics + = x 100% = %
20
Exam Paper Feedback Chart

Percentage Score
Your score
Exam Your Score ( x 100%)
Paper (Part A + Part B + Part C) Marks available
1 + + = 50 x 100% = %
2 + + = 47 x 100% = %
3 + + = 44 x 100% = %
4 + + = 50 x 100% = %

Excel
Excel E S S E N TI AL S KIL L S
Year 8 Mathematics
Revision & Exam Workbook
YEAR
Mathematics
8
This book is suitable for students of all abilities studying
Year 8 Mathematics. It has been specifically written to help
students revise their work and succeed in all their class tests,
Revision & Exam
half-yearly and yearly exams.
This is a revised and extended edition with over fifty extra pages of work for students to complete.
Workbook
In this book you will find:
Topics covering the complete Year 8 Australian Curriculum Mathematics course
Over 170 pages of practice exercises
Fourteen topic tests
Four practice exams
Answers to all questions
Updated Edition for the
Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook AS Kalra

About the author
AS Kalra is the author of many successful Mathematics books, including the Excel Essential Skills Australian Curriculum
Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook series for Years 7–10 (eight titles), and Excel Essential
Skills The Complete Fractions Workbook Year 7.
Over 100 Units of Work
Your own checklist for Excel books for Year 8 students:
Bookseller reference Books Level 3 Fourteen Topic Tests and
English books:
four Exams
978-1-74125-411-2 Excel Essential Skills Grammar and Punctuation Workbook Years 7–8
978-1-74125-408-2 Excel Essential Skills Reading and Vocabulary Workbook Years 7–8
978-1-74125-414-3 Excel Essential Skills Writing and Spelling Workbook Years 7–8
978-1-74020-037-0 Excel Essential Skills English Workbook Year 8
Mathematics books:
978-1-74020-040-3 Excel Essential Skills Step-by-Step Algebra 1 Workbook Years 7– 8

978-1-74020-316-6 Excel Essential Skills Mathematics Extension Revision & Exam Workbook Year 8
978-1-74125-435-8 Excel Essential Skills Problem Solving Workbook Year 8
978-1-74125-474-7 Excel SmartStudy Mathematics Year 8 Get the Results You Want!
978-1-74125-007-7 Excel Mathematics Study Guide Year 8
978-1-74020-041-7 Excel Essential Skills Step-by-Step Algebra 2 Workbook Years 8 –10
Science books:
978-1-74125-421-1 Excel SmartStudy Science Year 8

978-1-74125-392-4 Excel Science Study Guide Year 8
ISBN 978-1-74020-033-2
Visit our website for more information at www.pascalpress.com.au

9 781740 200332
AS Kalra
Our address is Pascal Press PO Box 250 Glebe NSW 2037 (02) 8585 4044
9781740200332_ESS Maths RandE WB Yr8 2015 spine 11mm.indd All Pages 8/07/15 12:15 PM

EES MathematicsRevision Exam Workbook Year 8

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Excel

Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook AS Kalra

978-­1­-74020­-040-3 Excel Essential Skills Step-­by­-Step Algebra 1 Workbook Years 7– 8

978-­1­-74125-421-1 Excel SmartStudy Science Year 8

Visit our website for more information at www.pascalpress.com.au

8 Revision & Exam

Get the Results You Want!

Updated in 2014 for the Australian Curriculum

Reprinted 2015 (twice)

ISBN 978 1 74020 033 2

Publisher: Vivienne Joannou

Reproduction and communication for educational purposes

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CHAPTER 1—Basic arithmetic and the Unit 1 Index notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

CHAPTER 2—Percentages CHAPTER 5—Rational numbers

Unit 12 Clocks and times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Unit 7 Using graphs to solve linear

Unit 1 Units of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Unit 3 One-step equations (multiplication

Unit 3 Area of parallelograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Unit 5 Three-step equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Unit 4 Area of trapeziums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Unit 6 Equations with grouping

iv Excel ESSENTIAL SKILLS Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook

Unit 1 Angles and the value of the Exam Paper 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Unit 7 Congruence of plane shapes using Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Unit 1 Review of basic statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

A note from the author

vi Excel ESSENTIAL SKILLS Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook

Question 2 Round off the following numbers to the nearest hundred.

Question 3 Write the following decimals correct to one decimal place.

Question 4 Express the following decimals correct to two decimal places.

Question 5 Express the following correct to one significant figure.

Question 6 Express the following correct to two significant figures.

Chapter 1: Basic arithmetic and the calculator 1

Question 2 Use your calculator to work out the following.

d 3 × 6.9 + 2 × 8.7 = e 5.6 × 8.9 × 2.3 = f 56.7 + 83.2 × 2 =

j 67.5 − 3.6 × 2.1 = k 5.8 × 2.3 × 1.9 = l 100.5 + 6.1 × 2.3 =

Question 3 Calculate the following.

Question 4 Use your calculator to answer the following.

d 5673 ÷ (5.6 − 3.2) = e 8.16 × 1.2 − 1.67 = f − 3.7 + 8.9 =

g 613.5 × 8.1 − 214.7 = h 9.3 × 8.5 × 6.3 = i 86 + 134 − 62 =

2 Excel ESSENTIAL SKILLS Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook

d 392 = e 652 = f 892 =

g 3.52 = h 2.12 = i 6.72 =

j 15.252 = k 16.32 = l 121.32 =

Question 2 Use the x y key to find the answer.

m 1.54 = n 0.73 = o 1.94 =

Question 3 Calculate the following correct to two decimal places.

d 9.13 = e 6.84 = f 15.13 =

g 198.22 = h 61.352 = i 7.35 =

j 80.72 = k 17.82 = l 52.62 =

Question 4 Evaluate the following. (Leave your answers in fraction form.)

Chapter 1: Basic arithmetic and the calculator 3

d 121 = e 169 = f 225 =

j 625 ÷ 25 = k 256 ÷ 64 = l 676 – 576 =

m 441 – 196 = n 289 + 361 = o 484 ÷ 121 =

125 + 512 = 8 × 64 = 1000 ÷ 125 =

g 0.49 × 3 571.787 = h 49 ÷ 2.56 = i

4 Excel ESSENTIAL SKILLS Year 8 Mathematics Revision & Exam Workbook

2 Calculate the volume of a cube with side length 5.3 cm.

5 Write 85 493 correct to the nearest thousand.

7 How much would 32 books cost if one book costs $25.95?

8 Find the cost of 25 pens at $5.95 each.

9 Find the cost of 12.5 kg of lamb at $8.95 a kilogram.

12 Divide $5673 equally among three people.

978-1-74020-040-3 Excel Essential Skills Step-by-Step Algebra 1 Workbook Years 7– 8

978-1-74125-421-1 Excel SmartStudy Science Year 8

CHAPTER 1—Basic arithmetic and the Unit 1 Index notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Time allowed: 15 minutes Total marks: 12

Time allowed: 20 minutes Total marks: 15

Time allowed: 15 minutes Total marks: 12

Time allowed: 20 minutes Total marks: 15