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HARDWARE COMPONENTS Section Il |. Hardware* Components Design and Function wirinc "You probably know of + (psitv) and (negative) efecricy en and you hve probly 0 hea ttecrie grounds Electric guitars are realy tabout ‘Stample those fw term Fig 25 shows a col of wre anda mages. this mate an elementary pikup. The cls wound fom helene pice of we so acral has two ends. ‘ne end ean be used 35a ground and the other would be the ln loa, or hot: wre e dean realy ge Pot ity term or alvenes) ‘Sia plclup, ether end the col winding could be aground or het, Generally however, che wire tat Siascutol the canter ors of the cl on Be {he hot wire ad the end that becomes the i winding ‘onehe outside ofthe col Becomes ve ground bt ths Grdorcanbe reverse. I the staid wre aground the general consensus that ths produces heling shee “pcp company uly gives a hea 0 which wire wih by eoloring late atached to 3 pcp “The common electra ear or 3hot leaded {nd the common color for aground lad Back However not everyone follows that practice For ‘sample Funder cen wes white oralow fora hat teadand back or Be for greund wie: Gioson ken ter white fora hot lead and ack fora ground re thor companis may se ary lor such gran purple for hot ground ind Elson humbuckng picks ae spe co gure out when taken apart. There are tte Back and white ‘res coming out of the evo cols which are aside The ssid eae snd ei be seen rom the esi. Only single cool wie coming or ofthe ees ‘le tom be ouade ad this wre eached othe oii The outie of cosnin wre shoud say be the ground so econ ene and shed the ot end Grounds ‘The following information about grounds was ston by the author for Schecter and reproduced by ther permsion Electives use negative and postive vlages Iahere isa postive volage cere has to be a negative voltage fo complete he ercist. Very closely rested to ths the balined stusion of having ene hot end and ‘one ground, Ths the setup nan ecte guar (or bs). Foran electric guitar to wore the hot ld must ‘et have any breakin i and the ground crue muse ‘at hve ny breaks inf These wo leads go from the Pickup, through che controls, o the ouput jack, nd fro ton cabled to an ampliier The ground led isthe foundston and secuney occu, thhs Ground connections ar “common” connections ‘That al ground comectons of secu are to be Soneced to each ther, hey on fpethor na ‘Stumoniy shared network Thess ngereonnectons of {round junctions, (socalled ground ints), ean eke EEverl forms, The simplest method iso fs havea Single bare wre seldered from one ground pont to nother Another method ito ue 4 rounding plas {ormakeinterconnecvons A grounding pst fat. pce of meal ono which gutars (or Basses] controls bre meunted. Ground points ar soldered to the round plas ung the shore rng rts. For Sample: 1 he ground wire rom a pickup can goto the ground The ground lug of po can be simply soldered to the back of meri encsed pot lif metal eased pots ed). Since the po s bolted up sgsnst the groundne ple, he metal ese ofa pox can provide the needed, {inte Between to lg on 3 pot which nee tobe rounded and 3 ground connection $s method of wring saves tne and money since 20 time needs tobe taken to solder 3 separate ground ormecing wire, The we os grounding lt ean locke ‘80. Theresa tendency to wander where the ground Connections are Ths of parla sgificanes when itcomes to winngan outp ck. A standard output [ade fas wo hg for connections, One for 3 hot ed Ind the other fora ground lead When a greunding tots und there eno need to ole 9 round mre fethe ground lig on an urput ace The bling of 3 ick eset» rounding pate crests the needed Eennacton. St does ook sa8%9 mary people ston they se ick ug wth no obvious connection. ‘When a grounding pate fused very imporane hacall contro are bolted ih co the grounding plate I's component loosely stened ean cause 3 poor connection pint which turn cases bum, Exclng Seno bund seal There mat be 3 complete nore gah om the grouné pt oie) ofa Pick lhe way through ote cup pk Color Codes 'No two guitar electronics companies otal agree as tohow e color code wires ver wnst ele the hot lene vires should be and whae color he ground wires shouldbe. White yellow and ed are commonly ed {colors ofthe auation on hoc lads and Backs ted a the color of the nslation on ground wires. “There no universal color code due fe such variables ar magnet orensation and direction ofc wining because en you iver: the fonction (such 38 hanging the Section of magneue orientation) you ould make he lad on one piu bea ike the {pound lead ona sin pckup. For Os reason Tot advile to rely on colors wining des. “The most important pont about air codes £9 understand what i supposed to represent Color ‘odes area shore cut elp n manufturing “consumer use That's helpful ool oly you Stick to ane company’s produc: but you wat couse 2 Schecter 2+ Superock Oma Pot contol hess GUITAR ELECTRONIC with a Dittarao Super Dstortion pcp and a Tyence SO0RTS you wil hes problem These compares do nt fel they shou have to prowde information regarding how to mate tek company’s products with another's To soe th problem you wil Feed determine the unten ofthe cir leaden the aMarao and Lawrenes pickups and how they orreate tothe color leas ofa Schecter 2 Superock pickup order forthe picks o mate to the Schecter Sr Po harness. To sce eerce, Le. Combine diferent companies plupe and Stes Younus iow be elewing. 2 Which colored lad the art of cl &: Winch colored lead ete end ol © Wheh clored lads he sar of col #2 ‘4 Which colored ead i the end of cll #2. © Which colored lead ithe protnd ea, Piclaps are made wth one of several base wiring confguration Thor ars two ordinary lead onfgratins forge eo pls nd gener lead configurations for humbucling pickups The rumber of leads from a pickip canary fem B00 fig The more lads a icp has, the more tor pions tan produce When sing bare two lad chap na complex cut wil Be ecesary cod rule leads facta wring, The flowing ican Fp determine wis ype of ming confguraen son 1 pelup and wha id fcnal wing posses can be aeneved LEAD WIRING ON A PICKUP Single Cal Pickups "Bccrmnng te function of single co pck's leas ean bea. of tebe number of ads ae the web ofthe connections (ifthe are two lade on fhe lad ishot and coneis round Sorneemes her uneons en be ‘rtd oan outst phase sound can be aehived then ascend; normaly red pep wed Scmatimes swertng the fron f te ads an fice grounding problem and nos Erpentnertaen web wayco in ou A ‘nitacurr he bet source of information 350 {Thich wre woh Te ground general conct “re he magnets however and touching the magnets ‘Snbe s good ox to soe the croc ad ‘Srnec co pound pan its pcp is properly rounded snd ws touched ons rag (or ce) {hore should be leno more ha. HARDWARE COMPONENTS 2. Hthere are whee leas, his would bea tapped pickup. One lead would be fl coi the second would ether, andthe third would be the ground lead Humbucking Pickups ‘One'way to determine the function of each ead af pickup is akea piclup apart and nd the origin pine Sometimes ise posible to take a pckp apart {gan encapsuated pickup) co inspece i Ths problem sof ile portance you ave an hmmeter whch canbe used t9 messure Le Fesistanca and so deduce the sternal wiring of pickup. Use che folowing stops 389 guide for Investigating common humbuckers Ir ha prop has single coal ea, the brid connect fo ground and the center ead shot ED, 2. Ifthe is shield with two internat leads thie means tha the leads are the ends oft eres ed coils ofa humbucker. This wisngallowanephace or out-of phase swtehing. = The following method canbe used to determine the funetion of two hot lads plus ane sven lend wing 2 Ifone of the lads has a ze chms cannaction to meal bottom plate, magnet or poe piece, chat lead ‘round. Ths lad should not havea connection co ny 0f che remaining to les, b. Either of che two remaining leads could be a possible hot, Use the phas ost to check which should be which, 3. I chore are thee leads and shold the third ead isa contr tp. To tall which shih, you mur check 44 reustances, The two ouside leds il ave the highest resitance and the center tap wl have exaety half ac esstance when connected sith ether ofthe Cutside lads This confgurstion allows phase switching 2nd col splicing poy ‘The following method can be weed to determine the funesion af tre hot lads pur one shielding lad wing 21 one ofthe leads has a ero ohms connection to a metal bottom plate. magnet, or pole piece tha lead is ground Ths lead should not havea connection to any ofthe remaining three ead, 'b. Now had the Blak probe ofthe chmmeter on ‘one of eles and couch the red probe to each ofthe ‘vo remaining leads. I one of the leds pes de Fesistane gure of exaey hal ofthe other, at ead ‘nil eannec othe junction of both es I both leads iv the same reading, will mean you have the black probe connected tothe eo junction “ithe are four leads pls 3 shell the wires are then accesible for anormal bumbucker. Tw res ‘lbs the ends ofthe second col. This easy to Folate with am chmmeter. The wiring combination ($:) lowe all wiring options without eeatng phase and grounding cones with another pickup. =o “The following method can be used to detrmine the ‘anction four ho lends pls oe shel ee Fr one of he leads has 2ero ohms connection to a mata bxtom plate, magnet, or pole piece. that ead isground, Tread should not havea comection Shy ol ce remaining four lead 10 Now hold ce Back probe ofthe obmmeter on cone ofthe leads and touch the ed prebe to each of the hee remaining tad. Two ofthe lads wl give an Intinte-ohms rexdng and ae ofthe leas wil ie 2 {de estance reading of 000 to 600 chins. The wo ics tac pe ee | to 6K reading wil bo the start and finth of one cal. The remining owe leads should gv a ending ike the two leads of sep #2. Tse remaining ads willbe che sarcand inah ofa #2. Yourave now Sbcermined che incon ofa ve wires. “To determin the pate ofthe two leas ofeach cof the col use the phase test. This tet wl assist you Imchoosng which oo leads are postive and which oo lehds are negate: however iecn not tll which vire ‘Strom the ide ofa ol or which res rom he Sucsde sakes ery specazed equipment. ‘Sotermine ths fa pckup ean noc be taken apart and youan or contact the manutaetrer for Jpecitecons cer esd canbe used athe ht lad Gripe ground lea In mon cscs peup can operco Singh nah ce hot ead connecting tothe eros oi wnrcng. however sometimes dis wig an result frexcers hum Hh the ese, reverse te hot and {Found comectons GUITAR ELECTRONICS —& 1 hot each el abi comm af 1950 GOOS —— —_—__ cael 5. you have sx or seven lands you ae tkely to have a tapped hunker eich hag tree leads from ‘ich col lus a poesble ground lead rom the case. A ‘apped Imbucker would low you to achieve about = ‘Satan ronal variations ‘you hve eight wires, you have 2 Bartolini Bese style humbucker. Ths pickup has two cols each ‘with wo separate windings To beter understand ths See the secon on Barelins HA pekps 1 aa 4 Fy (00 8 aa Ir pots ‘The Function ofa Potentiometer “redone those ele and on cot en your gtarare potenoreters: cles pots or Shots Abotisa vl enor with hres "Rp could be vied rect to an our ack suc nary verve would ke the conrenence of Facng vena conwol ona guitar A pot putin the Foe ruc renstance ofthe flow of curent rom HARDWARE COMPONENTS chap by regulating the esstance tothe flow. Peo get aided 5 to how pot wore. imagine 3 Uny copper wire one mile long Now let's ay the "side of Snort connected to the sare ofthe wie and the — fide ofthe batcery i connected tothe meta deol the tise of sigh bul the center pot of the bub Is touched tothe wire above an eh rm the start the current ony has co travel an inch down the wre tothe bulb ad the but igs, However. you wal down {he wire ity feet ad then touch the wie. Hn, ‘he ba st glowing very bry. Go another fity feet and its even dnsmen' What you are now ting is thatthe wires esstance i blocking the Hw of Because carbon ies of 3 conductor than copper sire a Smal sip only to inches long cul create > path ofvaraberestance Ifyou tapped varying Feng on ths strip you could et varying amounts of arrent Pot for gutrs hive sal cordon for forme or conductive paz) path to achieve varable apoc changes resistance evenly tis alle linear "taper por which means thaca dazanceone-chid of the way down increases the resstance by one-third and the pots turned ewo thirds che ay down the resistance increases by to thirds The ear isnot sensitive co sounds that change in an ven progresion frm low to high volume (or ow to. high frequencies: therefore, a volume pot were used ‘at changed resstanee mn even progresion he, 2 Inear poe the ear would hea sudden se in volume which woul evel off asthe pot was turned up For ths Fesson aude taper pots are made Ther restance Shange sma to conform othe henge the er so that steady increase m volume canbe heard a he otis tured up. Another reason audio taper pes are ted to ensure that the pot operation wl create + ‘omleakage of current to ground (ve the thd ap) ‘hon the sting turned ashe way Up Pots eanbeebtained many cestances, vals from 0 ohms co milion ohms reused in standard dence. Elect gutars commonly se either OOK. 250K_ 300K 50K or MEG ohm pos The resstance value ofs pot related tothe cup o pcsop igh {utputpclups normaly use high chm ressrance pate ‘The IDK (or other value) chim refers othe oul resistance when a pac s shit off The K means ‘ltt by 1.00, HE means mul by 000.000: therefore. 00K hms esr 00600 ohms. ‘The valve of tua electrical resscance ofa pote ‘very importa because spots oo high fesitance the resstance cuve wil be eta. Things fave no come vr stndardaed th respect Single oil pickups He Fenders en aden se 250K ohm pots. Gibson's humbuckers ate more ower pickups and used 800K pots or many yar. Aer 7-73 Gibson began toute JODK volume pots S104 tone poe Gibson mae ths sso cat ther gutars would haves bot es weble sound However: many people now use meg pots as Pefoct mult-purpose pox Pot Turning Directions Pats or righ handed guitars are wired so that volume, o Naw, iereaver athe knobs turned in 2

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