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G R A M M A R
ADVANCED TWO
1
1 Telling the
Truth
2
Business
Career
2
Agreeing 3
3 and
Desagreeing
4 Too much
4
Work
People
5 with 5
Problems
6 Tell me
About it 6
7 Economics 7
8 Interviews 8
UNIT 1
SENTENCE CONNECTORS SHOWING
CAUSE AND EFFECT
writing.
S entence connectors improve your writing. They
add variety and sophistication to your style of
In this lesson we will learn about words and expressions used to show
cause and effect. In English, we use several different words to show cause
and effect.
Examples are: for, because, as, since, therefore, hence, as a result, conse-
quently, due to, because of, as a result of etc.
Examples:
The poor parents could not support the baby. Therefore they sent him
to an orphanage.
I was late owing to the fact that the train brokes down.
UNIT 2
COMMON ERRORS:
HAD BETTER VS. WOULD RATHER
Rather and better?
Prefer and would rather can be used interchangeably. when we are talking
about general preferences,we use prefer followed by verb-ing, thus:
Examples:
Examples:
• Shall I write to Harry and tell him that we’ve sold the car?
~ I’d rather you didn’t.
Examples:
More Example:
Go away.
Play it again please.
There must have been more than five hundred in the audience.
It
We use it to talk about:
When we point them out for the first When we cannot see them and we
time: ask them for their name:
until
after
before
when
while
Subordinating conjunctions since
once
whenever
as soon as
as long as
by the time
during
after
before
Prepositions since
until
upon
then
next
after that
following that
Conjunctive adverbs and before that
transitions afterwards
meanwhile
beforehand
This is a list of some of the more common errors people make with
English.
DO is used as follows:
Notice how in the response the verb DO is used. This is because the
meaning is clear and to avoid saying “I’ll make it later.” which could
sound repetitive.
UNIT 5
WILL AND WOULD
Will is used in future structures.
– Will you tell your father that we expect him for dinner?
– Can’t you do your homework? Don’t worry, I’ll come and help you.
– We would have gone fishing at the weekend if the weather had been
good. (closed condition)
When both will and would can be used, would is more polite.
It’s quite late, I’d rather have a cup of tea than coffee now.
(preference)
UNIT 6
LOGICAL CONNECTORS
Logical connectors are used to join or connect two ideas that have a
particular relationship.
These relationships can be: sequential (time), reason and purpose, ad-
versative (opposition and/or unexpected result), condition.
Within each category, the words used to join the ideas or clauses are
used differently, with different grammar and punctuation.
Subordinating conjunctions
Example:
Before he came, we didn’t have a physical education teacher.
We didn’t have a physical education teacher before he came.
Prepositions
Example:
He didn’t come to class due to his illness.
Example:
He was sick. Nevertheless, he came to class.
Conjunctions
Example:
She didn’t do her homework, so she didn’t pass the class.
If the subject of the adverb clause and the main clause are the same,
the adverb clause may be reduced.
• To reduce, drop the subject and the verb be in the adverb clause.
Examples:
I had an accident while I was driving past the First Avenue.
I had an accident while driving past the First Avenue.
Even though she was hungry, she didn’t eat the pie.
Even though hungry, she didn’t eat the pie.
If there is not be verb, change the adverb clause verb to the present
participle.
Examples:
Before she owned a pet, she was afraid of dogs.
Before owning a pet, she was afraid of dogs.
Example:
Example:
• Because she didn’t get accepted to the university, she is going to
attend community college.
• Not being accepted to the university, she is going to attend
community college.
LOGICAL CONNECTORS:
because of
Prepositions due to
in order to
UNIT 7
COMMON ERRORS:
Examples:
Elizabeth II, Louis XIV
This is the fifth time you have asked the same question. (NOT This
is the 5th time …)
We usually use the past participle (ending in -ed) to talk about how
someone feels:
We usually use the present participle (ending in -ing) to talk about the
person, thing, or situation which has caused the feeling:
• She’s a really interesting woman. She’s lived all over the world
and speaks five languages.