Preeclampsia is a serious health disorder that affects the minority of pregnant women.

It is a condition
where a pregnant woman has high blood pressure and high levels of protein in her urine. Preeclampsia is
usually pronounced during second trimester and third trimester in pregnancy.

The main and first symptom of preeclampsia is hypertension, usually a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or an
increase of 30 mm Hg systolic (top number) and 15 mm Hg diastolic (bottom number) in your normal blood
pressure reading. High increase in the blood pressure imposes is the first symptom of Preeclampsia in
pregnant women. Preeclampsia can develop into eclampsia, a condition where the mother would have
seizures. While rare, other complications for the mother include stroke, rupture of the liver, bleeding
problems, and premature separation of the placenta from the uterus prior to birth. Preeclampsia is more
common with first pregnancies, teenage mothers, women over 40 and carrying multiple fetuses, but any
pregnant woman can develop it. It usually develops late in the pregnancy (after 37 weeks) but can occur
any time from 20 weeks to two weeks after delivery.

Mild preeclampsia usually has no noticeable symptoms and is only found when a pregnant woman goes in
for her normal prenatal visit and her doctor discovers elevated protein in the urine and high blood pressure.
The difference between mild and severe preeclampsia is only 20 mm Hg systolic and 10 mm Hg diastolic.

The only cure for preeclampsia is to give birth.

It is common that women who are diagnosed with preeclampsia do not feel like anything is wrong. Some
preeclampsia symptoms include:

 Pains in the abdominal area

 Urinating less than normal
 Weight gain more than two pounds per week
 Rapid weight gain over a few days
 Persistent dull, throbbing headaches
 Nausea and vomiting
 Vision problems
Women with a history of preeclampsia are more at risk for more severe versions of the condition for later
pregnancies.

Changes in reflex and nervous system are another factor. The nervous system coordinatedthe body
system and its functionality. The nervous system controls and coordinates all our actions as humans as all
the body systems are connected to each other. Preeclampsia affects the central nervous system which results
to severe headache, impaired vision, partial and sometimes total blindness.

Abdominal Pains as a result of liver malfunction. The liver being a vital organ in the body plays important role
in digestion. This is specifically connected to protein and amino acidsstability. Through deamination and
detoxication of protein, the liver gets rid of nitrogenous waste products that are not excreted by the kidney
from the blood stream.

After the data is collected and then analyzed so that the diagnosis may be found in severe preeclampsia clients
are:
1. Fluid Volume Deficit related to plasma protein loss, decreased colloid osmotic pressure. (Marilyn Doenges,
2000)
2. Impaired tissue perfusion related to the occurrence of vasospasm arterioles (prene M Bobak, 1995:835)
3. Risk for Injury: the fetus related to inadequate placental blood perfusion (Prene M Bobak 1989:718)
4. Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements related to inadequate food intake manifested by
nausea and anorexia (Sharon J Reeder, 1987:747)
5. Anxiety: moderate: fear of pregnancy failure related to lack of knowledge (Marilyn Doenges, 2000)
Nursing Diagnosis for Preeclampsia

Nursing Care Planfor Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a collection of symptoms that occur in pregnant women, maternity and childbirthconsisting
of hypertension, edema and proteinuria, but show no signs of vascular abnormalities or hypertension
before, while the symptoms usually appear after age 28 weeks gestation or more.

Predisposing factors
 Molahidatidosa
 Diabetes mellitus
 Multiple pregnancy
 Hydrops fetalis
 Obesity
 Age over 35 years
Clinical manifestations

Signs of preeclampsia usually arise in the order: excessive weight gain, followed by edema, hypertension,
and proteinuria eventually. In the mild pre-eclampsia found no subjective symptoms. In the severe pre
eclampsia found in the area prontal headache, diplopia, blurred vision, pain in the epigastric region, nausea
or vomiting. These symptoms are often found in pre-eclampsia is increased and is an indication that
eclampsia will occur.

Diagnosis :
 Clinical features: excessive weight gain, edema, hypertension, and proteinuria occur.
 Subjective symptoms: headache frontal area, epigastric pain; impaired visual acuity; blurred vision,
scotoma, diplopia; nausea and vomiting.
 Other cerebral disorders: increased reflexes, and not quietly.
 Examination: high blood pressure, reflexes increased and proteinuria in the laboratory.

Nursing Diagnosis for Preeclampsia

1. Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion related to decreased cardiac output secondary to
vascular vasopasme.
2. Impaired Gas Exchange related to accumulation of fluid in the lungs: pulmonary edema.
3. Decreased Cardiac Output related to decreased venous return, cardiac trouble.
4. Excess Fluid Volume related to glomerular function impairment secondary to the decrease
of cardiac output.
5. Activity Intolerance related to weakness.
6. Impaired Urinary Elimination related to impaired glomerular filtration: anuria and oliguria.
7. Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements related to inadequate intake.
8. Acute Pain related to injury of biological agents: Hydrogen ion accumulation and an
increase in HCl.
9. Risk for Injury: the mother related to diplopia, increased intra-cranial: seizures.
10. Knowledge Deficit: the management of therapy and treatment related to misinterpretation
of information.