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FLUID FLOW
CONTINUITY EQUATION
BERNOULLI’S THEOREM
DEFINITION OF FLUID FLOW
TYPES OF FLUID FLOW
Steady flow
Unsteady flow
Uniform flow
Laminar flow
Turbulent flow
STEADY FLOW
• By the continuity principle, the discharge must be the same at each section.
The mass going into the pipe is equal to the mass going out of the pipe.
2
d
v1 2 v 2
d1
2
40
3.0
30
5.3 m / s
Continuity principle in branch
Total discharge into the junction = Total discharge out of the junction
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
A1v1 = A2v2 + A3v3
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
EXAMPLE 3
a) Discharge at section A
QA AA v A
0.45 2
2
4
0.318 m 3 / s
QA QB
AAv A AB vB
Av
vB A A
AB
0.318 4
0.32
4.5 m / s
SOLUTION
QB QC QD
QD QB QC
AB v B AC vC
0.32 0.22
4.5 4
4 4
0.192 m / s
3
For pipe BD
QD AD vD
0.192 m 3 / s
QD
vD
AD
0.192 4
10 .86 m / s
0.15
2
SELF-ASSESSMENT