September | October 2010

Feature title: Technical design and equipment:

Key to improving feed quality and nutrition
International Aquafeed is published five times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.
All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies,
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The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

 F: Equipment F: Equipment

adjusted or the materials should be added duction of premix feed

after pelleting. 3: In case of change of for-
As the core process of feed production, mula, the mixer should
batching accuracy has a direct impact on be thoroughly cleaned to
feed composition and nutrition absorption avoid cross contamination
of the animals. As a result, the feed nutrition 4: Premix should be sepa-
can be balanced only with appropriate rated from major mixing
batching system. process in order to pre-
The batching process has a important vent cross contamination
effect on batching accuracy and composi- 5: The transportation distance
Technical design and equipment tion. The major technical improvements lie and height of materials
in following aspects: after batching should be as

Key to improving feed 1: The batching scale must be checked

regularly so as to ensure measure-
ment accuracy of batching equipment
short as possible and no
conveying equipment like
pneumatic device should be

quality and nutrition 2: The formula should be right and the

raw materials can be replaced
3: The materials should be fed at proper
adopted as it would cause
separation of materials

speed Impact of pelleting

by Shao Jianxin, Engineer, ZCME, China 4: The control system should be correct on feed nutrition
5: The batching equipment must be 1. Pellet quality control: pellet

W
operated in correct way quality is the precondition of feed nutri- must be unsaturated steam, free from con-
hy do some feed facto- With the same level of raw material and after repeated grind would decrease 40 6: The batching equipment should tion which must be strictly manipulated. densed water so as to ensure enough ‘pasting’
ries earn profits while formula, the quality of feed only depends percent. be clean so as to avoid cross The conditioning quality is the primary of starch and prevent machine blockage due
others don’t? Why do on process technology and equipment The key point of grain size control contamination control point of pellet quality which to too much moisture. The steam must go
feed of some factories performance. technology is to grind each raw material 7: The batching process especially the includes temperature, time, water and through a water trap and a pressure reducing
sell well? The reason behind is technical As the digest system of chicken, pig, fish, to the best size suitable for digestion so as use of medicine should be carefully ‘pasting degree’ of starch. A second- valve before entering the conditioner.
design and equipment selection. shrimp and pet varies, feed of different size to ensure the batch feed can acquire best recorded ary control
and degree of ripeness are demanded. It raising efficiency and economic profit. It is No-error computer control technology point covers
Choosing skilled feed engineering con- is one of the important methods for the mandatory to study the best digestion size is adopted to manipulate batching accuracy. powder
structors and comprehensive solutions modern feed companies to improve prod- of each raw material for different animals as Micro additives can be premixed and rate, cooling
The event that
GROWiNG
will energizeiS
providers are also vital for the success of uct quality by upgrading process technology. shown in Table 1. batched and high accurate batching system tempera-
a company. Impact of grain size on feed nutrition Pulverization and micro-pulverization can be adopted. ture, mois-
The factors affecting feed quality can be Generally, grain size should take con- must be applied for aquatics feed. ture, blade-
your BUSINESS
beautiful
summed up in three aspects, namely: sideration of many factors like feeding Research has shown that carp feed ratio Impact of mixing even degree
• The quality of raw material method, process costs, capacity and growing could raise 5-10 percent if the screen of conformity on nutrition and water
• The feed formula characteristics of animals. grinder has been reduced from 1.5mm, Conformity is vital for feed quality as it durability
• The process technology Its empirical value should be no more 1.2mm to 1.0mm, 0.8mm, 0.6mm. As a will determine whether the animal can get of the feed.
than 1/3 of the diameter result, grain size has a markable influence full nutrition from the feed. The air balance To meet VI INTERNATIONAL
AQUACULTURE
Table 1: International best grinding particle size of pellet. on variation of nutrition. between mixing bin and mixer also has an the above
EXHIBITION
Appropriate grain size Grain with excessive small or big diam- impact on nutrition. require-
Best size
can improve digestion eter could break into layers which would Too big finish product bins and pellet ments man-
recommended
Animal Raise stage (µm) rate of the nutritious affect the digestion rate of feed nutrition. It bins and too long transportation lines will ufacturers
element. Research has is only by selecting proper technical design, destroy conformity of feed and reduce the need proper
shown that if the even professional company and equipment can conversion rate of the animal. steam supply
Ablactation 0~14d 300 size of corn feed for sow good quality feed be made. It is critical to choose the right mixer, and control
Pork Ablactation 14~35d 400 is reduced from 1200um mixing period and feeding method in order systems,
Grice ≤500�Corn� to 400um, its digestion Impact of batch on to ensure conformity and nutrition. The conditioning,
Fattening pig 500~600�Corn�
rate could be raised by feed nutrition control of mixing conformity covers mixing pelleting,
14 percent, dry materi- Formula is a major impact factor for feed feed, concentrated feed, additives, premix cooling and October 20th to 23rd
Sow 500~600�Corn� als in manure could be nutrition and pellet quality. Formula with feed and liquid feed. screening Puerto Montt - Chile
Growing pig 15~30kg 323(batch) www.aqua-sur.cl
reduced by 21 percent high content of grain like corn and soybean The technical improvements in batching equipment
Dorking 700~900�Corn� and the nitrogen would cannot produce high quality pellet feed due process have the following aspects: with all
be lowered by 31 percent. to the lack of natural bond. 1: Proper mixer must be selected to control
900
Over grind could lead Addition of highly cohesive wheat can ensure conformity parameters
Last available stands: book now!
Beef cattle 1~1.5cm�straw�corn stalk� María Paz / mpfernandez@aqua.cl / +56-2 756 5402 / +56-9 9547 7589
to more consumption of improve pellet quality. 2: The materials should be added in cor- scientifically

FRANCE / 00 33 2 97 40 42 09
2~7cm�corn
energy, less capacity and It is necessary to combine each element rect order with big materials added adjusted.
stock�hay� Our hydrolysates have a superior concentration of Natural Active Nutrients
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destroy of nutrition of in the formula and keep fat to lowest at first and small ones added later. All The steam SponSorS Thanks to their biological action on fish and shrimp growthorganizerS
mechanisms,
Fish ≤0.5mm�batch� they boost your feed performance and help you substituting fish meal.
feed. The research data limit. In case of large proportion of adding materials should be added in proper fed into con-
Shrimp 150~175 proves that VA of pellet materials, the condition process should be amount and order especially for pro-
12 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | September-october 2010 ditioning units contact@aquativ-diana.com - www.aquativ-diana.com

IAF10-05.indd 13 07/09/2010 14:55

32 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | September-october 2010 September-october 2010 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 33

 F: Equipment F: Equipment
F: Binders
Table 2: Anti-nutritional factors of common raw materials of feed
Anti- ing of feed with vitamins is as Table 1: Composition
material of testsize
of specific dietsfor specific of security, Results
sanitation and nutrition of of anti-nutrition factory and keep vita-
following: temperature ≥90°C, animals.Ingredient
Protein denaturation has little feed, it is necessary
L e a c htoi nequip g Table 2: Leaching
residue- rate enzymes
mins; and water uptake of test diets
preparation cannot only
nutritional Diet WG Diet PBP Diet UF
factors Distribution Inhibit function moisture≥15%, time ≥60 seconds. influence on amino acid but improves free conveyor rateand andbins, apply scientific Sample
water erase toxic
Diet WG effect ofDiet PBP also
feed but Dietprovide
UF
As a result, it is necessary to its absorption rate greatly so that technology uptake of cleaning and sequencing.
- Analysis a health function.
Corn gluten 11 11 12,5
Protease Pea seed, beet Restrain activity of trypsin and pepsin, facilitate secrete of choose formulation with sound protein can be highly utilised. Heat treatment technology
for leaching rates should be Getting rid of anti-nutrition factors in
thermal stability. A good pellet 6. The impact Fish meal 20
of post-cooking: 20
after 20
applied which
and includes
water uptake cooking atWater high uptake 107,63%has 105,13%
raw materials become vital89,89% in selec-
inhibitor broomcorn pancreas
conditioner, correct air admission Wheat flour
conditioning, the ‘paste’31 degree and 31 31
temperature, wereextrusion,
done at high-pressure tion
Leaching rate of process
7,75% technology
8,29% and equipment.
6,75%
Rapeseed, cabbage,
Glucoside Kale, etc Prohibit growth, increase cardiolipin and reduce appetite and mixing methods are also the waterPro-Bind
durability
Plus of pellet
- should be 2 treatment
- and
theultravioletlabora-irradiation, etc. Feed quality and nutrition can be only
Impair intestinal wall, lose more endogenous protein, inhibit
vital factors for pelleting process. improved, however, some thermal With the comprehensive
tory of CreveTec. application of ibility be guaranteed
as verifiable using professional
in Lemos et al. technol-
(2009).
Wheat gluten 2 - -
Lectin Pea seed growth 3. Feed enzymes: pellet proc- alert vitamins are destroyed. As a the above technology,
Leaching was the donefinish
duringpellet
one ogy and
Feed equipment.
samples with PPD With the development
(Predicted Protein
Urea-formaldehyde
ess also affects feed enzyme and result, it is better to use- formulations -
feed0,5
can obtain
hour in satisfactory
fresh water.quality and Digestibility)
of nutrition,from technicians
90.7 to of 92.0%professional
may be
Pea seed and cake,
other microbials. with sound Other *
thermal 7,5 or apply
stability 7,5 7,5
nutrition. As could be expected company can
considered of work
high out
to verybetterhighmethods
proteinto
Tannin etc Weaken absorption of protein, carbohydrates
Enzyme and microbial are bio- the Crude
improved
proteincoating technology
37,74 so
38,01 38,05 from previous results, the eliminate
digestibility anti-nutrition
diets. factors and make
injures gastric mucous membrane, destroy metabolization of
Gossypol Cottonseed and cake protein and iron logical products, the activity of as to Crude
preserve
lipid nutrition
8,61 values of
8,66 Impact
8,63 of technical process
inclusion of ureumformal- more contribution in improving feed quality
which are usually damaged under the feed as much as possible; which dehyde reduces
The anti-nutrition factors in thefeedwater can Growth
and nutrition. trial
Interfere biological effectiveness of mineral elements, form protein Crude fibers 2,92 2,91 2,94
Phytic acid Pea seed complex the comprehensive function of is mostly used in the production of cause diseaseuptake of pigsthatandinpetsturnand reduces
retard Experimental system - Shrimp were put
Ash content 6,44 6,48 6,47
high temperature, humidity and aquatics feed or special aquatics feed the growth the leaching
process. As rate.
they The are values
closely in 12 nets of 150 liters each. The nets were
Saponine Soybean Destroy absorption of nutrition, reduce appetite * Canola, Soybean meal, Fish oil, Soybean lecithin,
pressure. It is reported that the for shrimp for example. related with for the three
process diets are
technology, within
nutrition- submerged in a bigger tank, which is con-
Lignin Pasture Destroy absorption of nutrition, reduce appetite premix MoretoinforMation :
activity of phytase drops by 87.5 7. Impact of storage and transportation: standards.
ists have developed many methods to elimi- nected a biofloc reactor. Water quality
Alkaloid Pasture Reduce appetite, inhibit growth percent at temperatures of over cross contamination usually takes nate anti-nutrition factors. is maintained
ZCME through bioflocs and is the
Facilitate pasting of materials inside enteron, weaken absorption 80�. bindersplaceor during
naturalstorage
bindersandon transporta-
the digest- Digestibility
However, the nutrition elements same Floor
in 25th, Friendship
all nets. ThereBuilding
were No.159
four replicates
NSP Grain feed of nutrition Zhao Jia Bang Rd Shanghai
So the utilisation rate of N.P. will ibilitytion. Residue
of the in transportation
feeds growth of shrimp vehi- in Thefeedthreewould lose at the same
samples of feed were analysed time. for each diet.
PC:200032
be affected. The microbe addi- cles, bins, buffer hoppers and process Extrusion
for in vitroand expansionwith
digestibility at high
the tempera-
pH stat PR China
Meanwhile, the flow rate of steam must High temperature conditioner with short tives in the feed is especially reactive Material
equipment andcouldMethods
cause cross contami- ture can
method, improve feed
as described by Lemosqualityet aland limit Shrimp
(2009). Tel:+86 21 64188282
be matched to the feeding rate. As a result, time (60-160 seconds) can kill bacteria. to high temperature so that its activity Diets
nation.- Three
Harmful microbediets
different and were
pests are
for- lostvalues
DH of nutrition; anoxiatosterilisation
were used predict protein could Each net
Fax:+86 21 was stocked with 25 shrimp
64163299
steam with proper characteristics is a Many conditioners of this type have been will be lost completely if the pellet mulatedalso(see
source of cross
table). Feedscontamination.
were pelleted on kill bacteriabyeffectively
digestibility separateand keep vitamins;
models relating (Litopenaeus vannamei) of 12-13g each.
precondition of pellet quality. developed in several countries. The durabil- temperature exceeds 85�. It is better a 2mm To die.
meet increasingly high demand ingredients fermentation or could
diet DH eliminate
to in vivotoxicdigest-
effect They were acclimatised in the nets during
Technical improvements of steam pres- ity of feed at high temperature should also to coat enzyme after pelleting or
sure and flow rate covers following aspects be considered during conditioning. to use enzymes with better thermal
to ensure high quality of feed: 1: Materials with bad durability under stability.
1: Control the conditioning of meals, high temperature and poor ‘strength’ 4. Impact on anti-nutrition factors:
including the adding of steam and oil, should avoid conditioning at high part of anti-nutrition factors and
r
Contact us bfoout
and check the quality of steam and temperature. Instead, they should be harmful substances will be killed
keep a good record of it coated later so as to ensure pellet during the conditioning of pellet.

more info apowder

2: Control the product from the pellet quality. Anoxia sterilisation before pelleting
mill and keep record of it 2. The impact on vitamins: it is vulner- can kill various bacteria effectively

3: Control the cooling time, moisture
and temperature of feed in accord-
ance with the room temperature and
moisture
4: Control the fat coated on the surface
of feed
5: Check the hardness of pelleted feed
and keep good records
Conditioning process is vital for pellet
quality. The mixed materials with
high content of grain usually stay
for at least 40-60 seconds in the
conditioner.
Meanwhile, the temperature
inside the conditioner should be
kept between 85-98� to improve
‘pasting’ of starch. Materials with
high fibers must stay for shorter
time in the conditioner. In case of
addition of liquids like molasses,
the materials should stay longer in
conditioner (maximum 30 minutes)
so that it would absorb molasses
fully.
able to increase conditioning time
and raise temperature as the vitamins
with poor thermal stability would be
easily lost during the pelleting process.
Vitamins like A, E, C, thiamine hydro-
chloride, etc will be killed rapidly
as the temperature and conditioning
time is raised.
The critical condition for condition-
Hemoglobin
and improve feed quality. It has been
a key research subject for profes-
sional technicians.
Animals have different reactions to the
same anti-nutrition factors as its spe-
cies and age vary. The anti-nutrition
factors can be divided into positive
inhibitors for carbohydrate, miner-
als and prolease, etc. The pelleting
process adopts conditioning,
high temperature extrusion
methods to weaken the anti-
SO NATURAL
nutrition factors as listed in
Table 2 to maximum limit.
5. Impact of pellet on starch
and protein: the starch would Natural ingredients for aqua feed • Pro-Bind Plus, a nutritional, gelatin based pellet binder,
Whether you’re looking for a natural EU especially for pelleted (shrimp) feed.
become ‘pasted’ and protein
and USDA approved pellet binder for your • Blood meal, a fish meal alternative, especially for
would be denaturated after
production of stable pellets or nature’s best carnivorous fish species.
conditioning so that the ani- alternatives for fish meal, you can contact • Muco-Pro®, high contents of natural proteins,
mal can digest and aborb the Sonac. Sonac produces valuable and essential amino acids and peptides.
starch and protein better. ingredients for the production of aqua feed. • Hemoglobin Powder, high protein content and good
However, it is the technical digestibility, for better feed conversion
issue of a professional com- www.sonac.biz
pany to determine the raw

34| |InternatIonal
10 AquAFeed| |September-october
InternatIonalAquAFeed September-october2010
2010 September-october2010
September-october 2010| |InternatIonal AquAFeed| |11
InternatIonalAquAFeed 35
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