Air cleaning systems

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What is a HEPA FILTER?

HEPA is an acronym for “High Efficiency

Particulate Air”

This type of air filter can remove at least 99.97%

of dust, pollen, mold, bacteria and any airborne
particles with a size of 0.3 micrometres (μm)

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Types of HEPA FILTERS
Types Application Performance
A industrial, noncritical 99.97 % @ 0.3 µm
B nuclear containment 99.97 % @ 0.3 µm (certified by DOE)
C laminar flow 99.99 % @ 0.3 µm
D ultra-low penetration air 99.9995 % @ 0.12 µm
ULPA
E stopping toxic, nuclear, 99.999 % efficiency
chemical and biological
threats

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Construction:

HEPA filter is constructed of borosilicate

microfibres in the form of pleated sheet

Sheet is pleated to increase the overall filtration

surface area.

The pleats are separated by serrated aluminum

baffles or stitched fabric ribbons, which direct
airflow through the filter
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Construction
This combination of pleated sheets and baffles acts as
filtration medium.

It is installed into an outer frame made of fire-rated

particle board, aluminum, or stainless steel

The frame-media junctions are permanently glued or

‘‘pot-sealed’’ to ensure a leak proof

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HEPA FILTER

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Filtration Mechanisms:

 1. Inertial Impaction :

particle inertia causes it to leave the flow

streamlines and impact on the fiber.

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Filtration mechanisms:

2. Diffusion:

The particles traverse the flow stream, they

collide with the fiber and are collected.

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Filtration mechanisms:
 3.Interception :

These mid-sized particles follow the flow stream as it

bends through the fiber spaces. Particles are
intercepted or captured when they touch a fiber.

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HEPA in Laminar air flow systems

Laminar air flow systems are used for cleaning air in

aseptic rooms.

In laminar air flow systems,clean air is obtained

through HEPA filters

This air flows at a speed of 100 ft/min & sweeps dust

particles making entire room free of particulate
matter

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Classification of clean rooms
Six classes have been established to designate
cleanroom cleanliness .

 Class 1
 Class 10
 Class 100
 Class 1,000
 Class 10,000
 Class 100,000

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Types of Laminar air flow systems

Laminar air flow systems are of 3 types

1. Downward flow systems

2. Horizontal flow systems
3. Wall to floor flow systems

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Downward flow systems
This system consists of false floor
& ceiling

The air is filtered through pre-

filters ,electroststic filters and
HEPA filters in sequence

These 3 filters are placed in false

ceiling

From the false floor,a small

portion of filtered air is
recirculated in to false ceiling
through a recirculation duct.
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Horizontal flow systems
The air is filtered through
prefilters ,HEPA filters which
are placed in lateral walls.

Air is recirculated through

punched plate wall or
recirculation duct.

Achievement of complete
sterile conditions is not
possible because the airflow is
not focussed on working area

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Wall to floor flow systems:
The filtered air enters from lateral wall with an
inclined flow towards the floor.

In this system working area is offered with high

aseptic conditions.

This system is more expensive

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Conditions That Will Damage HEPA Filters
Moisture: 95-100% relative humidity

Hot air: greater than 275 °F

Fire: direct fire or high concentrations of particulate

matter produced by fire

High pressure: 8 in. of water, gauge (in. wg) internal or

differential across filter media

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Conditions That Will Damage HEPA Filters
Corrosive : dilute moist or moderately dry concentrations
of acids and caustics

Any acid and some caustics will attack uncoated aluminum

separators

Hydrofluoric acid will attack the media

Nitric acid

Shock pressures

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Shipment,storage,handling:
 
The HEPA filter is extremely fragile and should be
shipped, stored, and handled in the same manner as
delicate instrumentation. Personnel responsible for
receiving and handling HEPA filters should receive
training in proper handling technique. All incoming
HEPA filters should be visually inspected for apparent

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