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Exam 17 December 2013, questions

Tecnología de materiales (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)

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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

Final Exam
December 17th, 2013.

Name: ____________________________________________________________________________
Group:_____________________________________________________________________________

Information:
1. Write your name(s) and surname(s), as well as your study group before you start. Also, sign
each additional sheet that you wish to submit for evaluation.
2. Please, read the test carefully before you start.
3. The number of points assigned to each question/problem is given at the beginning of the
problem statement.
4. Your answers should be placed in the blank spaces provided after each question/problem.
5. Time available for the test is 2:30 hours
6. If you have any questions, raise your hand and the teacher will approach you.
7. Good luck! 

Score:
(please do not write in this space)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

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 lOMoARcPSD

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

1. (2.0 points) A metal with a crystal structure pertaining to cubic system has density =19.3 g/cm3,
atomic mass A=197 g/mol and lattice parameter a=0.408 nm. (Data: Avogadro number NA=6.02
1023 mol-1)
a) (0.5 points) Calculate the number of atoms N in the unit cell.
b) (0.5 points) What are possible values for N in the cubic crystal system?
c) (0.5 points) If the metal is in the FCC structure calculate the linear density along [0 1 1]
direction.
d) (0.5 points) If the metal is initially in the FCC lattice and at a certain temperature changes
to BCC, find the expression for the relative difference in lattice volume.

a)

b)

c)

d)

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 lOMoARcPSD

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

2. (1.0 points) Calculate the time necessary to increase the carbon content from 0.20 wt% to 0.35
wt % at 0.5 mm below the surface of the samples if the carbon content at the surface is 1.2 wt%.
Data: diffusivity of carbon DC = 1.28 10-11 m2/s.

3. (0.5 points) Describe the simplest heat treatment required to transform one microstructure to
another

Pearlite to bainite

Martensite to pearlite

Martensite to
ferrite + spheroidite

Bainite to martensite

(0.5 points) Order the following microstructures according to their hardness values from the highest
to the lowest: bainite, pearlite, ferrite+spheroidite, martensite.

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 lOMoARcPSD

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

4. (1.0 points) A large tower is to be supported by a series of steel wires. It is estimated that the
load on each wire will be 13300 N. Determine the minimum wire diameter required, assuming a
factor of safety of N=2 and the yield strength of 860 MPa for the steel.

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 lOMoARcPSD

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

5. (1.0 points) A phase diagram of a binary alloy containing metals A and B is given in the figure
below.
a) (0.25 points) Fill the diagram completely, indicating the phases present in the empty
fields of the diagram.
b) (0.5 points) Determine invariant reactions present in the diagram. For each reaction
state its name, temperature and composition (in % of B) of all the phases involved in the
reaction.
c) (0.25 points) At what temperature do we observe maximum solubility of A in B?

b)

c)

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 lOMoARcPSD

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

6. (1.0 points) The crystal lattice of uranium oxide (UxOy) is given in the figure.
a) (0.2 points) Determine the stoichiometry of the compound, as well as the coordination
number of each ion.
b) (0.2 points) How is this type of structure called? Describe the structure in terms of positions
that the ions occupy and the number of each ion.
c) (0.3 points) Calculate the volume density and the packing factor of uranium oxide.
d) (0.3 points) Determine the linear density in [1 1 1] direction and the planar density in (1 1 1)
plane.
(Data: molecular weight M(U)= 238 g/mol; molecular weight M(O)= 16 g/mol; lattice parameter a=
0.5473 nm; ionic radius R(U4-) =0.105 nm; ionic radius R(O2-) =0.132 nm; Avogadro number NAv=6.023
1023 1/mol)

a)

b)

c)

d)

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 lOMoARcPSD

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

7. (2.0 points) A piece of a composite material is prepared composed of 40 vol.% of continuous and
aligned glass fiber in an epoxy matrix. The composite has to withstand a tensile stress of 60 MPa
in the longitudinal direction. Using the data in the table below, calculate:

a) (0.4 points) The ratio between mf/mep the mass fractions of the fibers and the epoxy that has
been used in preparation of the composite.

b) (0.4 points) The modulus of the elasticity of the composite in the direction parallel to the fiber
orientation and in the direction perpendicular to the fiber orientation.

c) (0.4 points) The stress and the strain of both the fibers and the matrix in the longitudinal
direction.

For a certain application a new piece of the composite material is required of the same length but
with only one third of the cross section. The new piece is subjected to the same tensile stress of 60
MPa in the longitudinal direction and experiences the same elongation.

d) (0.4 points) Determine and justify if it is possible to use this new piece.

e) (0.4 points) If we change the glass fibers to kevlar fibers, calculate the volume fraction of kevlar
fibers in the composite necessary to answer the requirements of the application.

Material Density, g/cm3 Yield strength, MPa Young’s modulus, GPa

Epoxy 1.15 69 3,5

Glass fibers 2.55 2000 72

Kevlar fibers 1.44 3000 131

a)

b)

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Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

c)

d)

e)

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 lOMoARcPSD

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Materials Science and Engineering
2013/14.

8. (1.0 points) In the following pairs, indicate which polymer will exhibit higher crystallinity under
the same conditions and why?
a) (0.25 points) Branched polyethylene of <Mn> = 850 000 g/mol OR linear polyethylene of
<Mn> = 850 000 g/mol
b) (0.25 points) Polypropylene of density of 2.14 g/cm3 and <Mw> = 600 000 g/mol OR
polypropylene of density of 2.20 g/cm3 and <Mw> = 600 000 g/mol.
c) (0.25 points) Linear polyethylene of <Mn> = 500 000 g/mol OR linear polypropylene of <Mn> =
500 000 g/mol.
d) (0.25 points) Syndiotactic polypropylene of <Mw> = 500,000 g/mol OR atactic polypropylene
of <Mw> = 500 000 g/mol

a)

b)

c)

d)

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