Environmental Science - study of the interactions between the physical, and Biophysics - application of physical principles and methods
hods to biological
how human impact their surroundings
Environment - surrounding external conditions influencing development of
people, animal, plants, living or working conditions
1. What is surrounded - living objects in general and man in
particular
2. By what surrounded - physical attributes which become
environment
3. Where surrounded - it is in nature that physical component of the
plant earth, land, air, water etc. affects life in the biosphere
4 Segments of Scope of Environment
1. Atmosphere - gases, absorbs most of the cosmic rays
2. Hydrosphere - comprises all types of water resources
3. Lithosphere - outer mantle of the solid earth
4. Biosphere - indicates the realm of living organisms
3 Elements of Environment
1. Physical - space, landforms, water bodies, climate soils, rocks and
minerals
2. Biological - plants, animals, microorganisms and men constitutes
the biosphere
3. Cultural - economic, social and political at essentially man-made
features which make cultural milieu
Environment Studies: Importance
1. Environment issues being of international Importance
2. Problems croped in the wake of development
3. Explosively increase in pollution
4. Need for an alternative solution
5. Need to save humanity from extinction
6. Need for wise planning of development
7. Misra's report
- basic principles of ecology
a. Holism
b. Ecosystem
c. Succession
d. Conversation
Health Impact of Air Pollution
Causes of air pollution
1. Natural - forest fire
2. Human Activities - combinations of fossil fuels as energy
Major sources of air pollution remain industrial processes and motor vehicles
Common Air Pollutants
1. Ozone found in Earth's upper and lower atmosphere
Upper Atmosphere - protects earth from harmful solar radiation
Lower Atmosphere - pollutant that can cause respiratory tract infection, eye
irritation, coughing, shortness of breath
Allergy - produced by allergens which cause the allergic reaction (dust,
bacteria, cigarette smoke, animal dander)
Asthma - disorder of the lungs in which airways tends to construct, resulting
in episodes of breathlessness, wheezing, coughing, and tightness of the chest
(dust mites, animal dander, pollen, exercise
Dust Lung - when a person breathes in, particles suspended in the air enter
the nose, but not all of them reach the lungs
Holism - considered as the real base of ecology
Misra Four Basic Requirement of Environmental Management
1. Impact of human activities on the environment
2. Value system
3. Plan and design for sustainable development
4. Environment education
Obstetrics and Gynecology – study of health of the female reproductive
system and development of the fetus
Endocrinology - study endocrine system, glands and hormones, diseases,
disorders
Urology - study of urinary system
Dentistry - the science that deals with health and development of teeth
Pharmacology - preparation of drugs for medical use and knowledge of how
drugs affects body
Anesthesiology - making payment insensitive to pain during surgery
Physical Therapy - treatment of disease and mechanical means
Bioethics - ethical implications of biological research and applications
especially in medicine
Pathology - study of disease and death with laboratory techniques
Radiology - use of x-ray for diagnosis and treatment
problems
Systematics - classification ad study of organisms with regard to their natural
relationships
Paleobotany - study of fossil and ancient plants
Agriculture - science of cultivating the soil, producing crops, rasing livestock
for food
Agronomy - field crop production and soil management
Horticulture - art of growing fruits, vegetables or ornamental plants
Hydroponics - science of growing plants without soil
Forester - the science of developing or cultivating forest
Ecology - study of the environment and man's effect on it
Limnology - stud of fresh water lakes
Zoology - study of animals
Entomology - study of insects
Forensic Entomology - use of insect’s knowledge in the investigation of crime
and civil disputes
Herpetology - study of reptiles and amphibian
Conchology - study of mollusk ( snails, clams, squid )
Lehthylogy - study of fish
Ornithology - study of birds
Wildlife Management - conservation of wildlife resources
Veterinary Science - prevention and cure of animal disease
Mammology - study of mammals
Arachnology - study of arachnids
Apiculture - beekeeping
Ethology - study of animal behavior
Marine Biology - study of salt water organisms
Microbiology - study of microorganisms
Bacteriology - study of bacteria
Virology - study of virus
Mycology - study of fungi
Parasitology - study of parasites and their life cycles
Embryology - development of embryo of organisms and their features
Anatomy - study of structure of organisms
Physiology - study of functions and activities of life
Medicine - study of prevention and treatment of human disease and
preservation of life
Genetics - study of inheritance of traits and variation in organisms
Biotechnology - dealing with recombinant DNA research and application
Cytology - study of cells
Histology - study of tissues
Dermatology - treatment of skin disease
Oncology - study and treatment of cancer
Ophthalmology - disease and disorder of eyes
Immunology - deals with the body's defenses against disease
Pediatrics - development, care and diseases of children
Orthopedics - disease, disorder and injury to the bones and other supportive
tissues