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Biology Chapter 1
I Question and Answers:
1. What is called the circulatory system?
Ans. Human beings have a well-developed specialized system which transports nutrients, mineral, gases
and chemical substances called hormones within the body. It is known as the circulatory system
2. What is blood?
Ans. Blood is a fluid connective tissue. It is made up of plasma which constitutes 55-60 % and blood
corpuscles or cells which is 40-45%. The human body of an average has 4 to 6 litres of blood.
3. What is plasma?
Ans. The liquid part of blood is called plasma. It is pale yellow in colour and contains digested nutrients,
waste products and other chemicals. The total volume of plasma in a normal average adult is about 2.5
to 3.0 litres. Plasma consists of water (90-92%); proteins (7-8%); inorganic salts (1%) and traces of
other substances.
14. On what basis is the human blood classified into different types?
Ans. Based on presence of proteins called antigens and antibodies, human blood is classified into four groups
known as A, B, AB and O.
- Blood group A has antigen A and antibody B.
- Blood group B has antigen B and antibody A.
- Blood group AB has both antigens but no antibodies.
- Blood group O has neither antigen A nor B but both antibodies A and B.
18. What are blood vessels? What are its different types? Give a brief about each.
Ans. Blood vessels are hollow tube-like structures that transport blood throughout the body. These are of
three types: arteries, veins and capillaries.
(i) Arteries: These are thick-walled, elastic, muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart
to different body parts. They carry pure blood except the pulmonary artery which carries impure
blood to the lungs.
(ii) Veins: These are thin-walled vessels with valves. They carry blood towards the heart from
different body parts. They carry impure blood except the pulmonary veins which bring pure
blood from the lungs.
(iii) Capillaries: These are the fine blood vessels connecting arteries with veins. The walls of
capillaries are only one cell thick to enable diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other
materials into the cells.
Diastolic pressure : average pressure produced when the ventricles get filled with blood
form the auricles
Systolic pressure : average pressure produced in the ventricles when they contract and
pump blood into the aorta and the pulmonary artery
Tricuspid valve : Valve between the right auricles and the right ventricle
3. Which of the following blood cells are responsible for the clotting of blood?
(a)erythrocytes (b)leucocytes
(c)Thrombocytes (d)Lymphocytes
4. Which blood group is known as the universal recipient?
(a)A (b)B
(c)AB (d)O
6. The vein which brings deoxygenated blood from the posterior part of the body is the
(a)pulmonary vein (b)superior vena cava
(c)inferior vena cava (d)none of these
8. The main artery which emerges from the left ventricle of the heart is the
(a)pulmonary artery (b)superior vena cava
(c)inferior vena cava (d)aorta
IV True or False:
1. Haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form carboxyhaemoglobin.
2. Leucocytes are larger than erythrocytes and contain haemoglobin.
3. Veins connect arteries with capillaries.
4. The heart is enclosed by a single membrane called pericardium.
5. Deoxygenated blood is received by the right auricle.
V Short Questions:
1. What is the circulatory system?
Ans. Human beings have a well-developed specialized system which transports nutrients, minerals,
gases and chemical substance called hormones within the body. It is known as the circulatory
system. The circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels, heart, and lymphatic system.
3. Name the four blood groups in human beings. On what basis are they named?
Ans. The four blood group in human beings are A, B, AB and O. They are named on the basis of
presence or absence of specific antigens.
5. What prevents the blood from flowing in the wrong direction in the heart?
Ans. A thick muscular wall called the septum separates the heart into the left and right sides and
prevents the blood from flowing in the wrong direction in the heart.
VI Long Questions:
1. What different types of cells will you see when you observe a drop of blood under a
microscope? What are their functions?
Ans.
2. What are the functions of blood?
Ans.
3. Why is a person with blood group O called a universal donor and a person with blood
group AB called a universal recipient?
Ans.
4. Explain the process of blood circulation in the body with the help of a schematic diagram.
Ans.