Turbulant Intensity: I = (KT/ḱ)0.

Mass Averaged Mean Kinetic Energy ḱ =

ḱ = KT/I2

Total Hydraulic Energy(eG) Bernoulli's Equation

(J/m3) eG = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy

= p - gρz + 0.5 ρ (U2+V2+w2)
p = pressure (N/m2)

g = Gravity's Acceleration (-9.81 m/sec2)

ρ = Density (kg/m3)

U,V,W = Velocity in X,Y,Z directions in m/sec

z = Height in m above some reference level, or altitude

Total Hydraulic Head (Stagnation Pressure)

H = eG /-ρg

= p/-ρg + z + 0.5 (U2+V2+w2) /- g

(Potential Energy) + (Kinetic Energy)

Hydraulic Energy Dissipation

P = ρgQ(HGA-HGB)
= Loss of hydraulic energy from A to B
Q = Volume flow rate from A to B

HGA,HGB = Total hydraulic head @ cross sections A & B

THE reshaping of the plunge pool calls for the construction of a cofferdam. This will enable the blasting and excavati
Energy dissipation on dam spillways is achieved usually by 1. a standard stilling basin downstream of a steep spillway in which a
2. a high velocity water jet taking off from a flip bucket and impinging into a downstream plunge pool.3. a plunging jet pool in w
https://idosi.org/ijee/3(1)12/13.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_I_calculate_the_strength_of_vortex_in_Joules
https://www.flow3d.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Computational-Modelling-of-Free-Surface-Flow-in-Intake-Structures-u

 If Fr>1, the inertial forces are dominant and the flow is in a supercritical state  If Fr<1, the gravitational forces are dominant

http://www.slideserve.com/caden/water-can-jump-hydraulic-jump-phenomena
 137.34
11.719215

636000
9.08
5.77E+06

he blasting and excavation of 300,000m³ of rock from the downstream face and north and south bank sides of the pool in the d
a steep spillway in which a hydraulic jump is created to dissipate a large amount of flow energy and to convert the flow from supercritical to
.3. a plunging jet pool in which the spillway flow impinges and the kinetic energy is dissipated in turbulant recirculation.

ow-in-Intake-Structures-using-FLOW-3D-Software.pdf

onal forces are dominant and the flow is in a subcritical state  If Fr=1, the inertial and gravitational forces are in equilibrium and the flow i
ides of the pool in the dry season. The result will be a stepped profile that will improve energy dissipation and guide the spilling
e flow from supercritical to subcritical conditions.

equilibrium and the flow is in a critical state

n and guide the spilling water downstream, away from the foundations.