2.1.

1 CENTRAL TENDENCIES

A measure of central tendency is a single value that attempts to describe a

set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data. The mean,
sometimes called the average of the data is most commonly used measure of
central tendency, but there are others, which are median and mode.

Class Frequency, Cumulative Midpoint, x2 fx fx2

Interval f Frequency x
30 − 70 10 10 50 2500 500 25000
71 − 111 12 22 91 8281 1092 99372
112 − 152 20 42 132 17424 2640 348480
153 − 193 8 50 173 29929 1384 239432
194 − 234 4 54 214 45796 856 183184
235 − 275 2 56 255 65025 510 130050
276 − 316 1 57 296 87616 296 87616
Total ∑ f = 51 ∑x= ∑ x2 = ∑ fx = ∑ fx2 =
1211 256571 7278 1113134
Table 3

MEAN
∑ fx
𝑥= ∑f
7278
𝑥=
51

𝑥 = 127.68 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
Thus, the average time of student studying per day is 127.66 minutes
MEDIAN
57
Median is the ( 2 ) = 28.5th observation and the median classes is 111 −

152.
57
− 22
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 111.5 + ( 2 ) (41)
20

𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 124.83 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

MODE
The modal class with the highest frequency is 112 − 152. So we use the
mode formula to get the value of mode.

𝑑1
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 𝐿 ( )𝑐
𝑑1 + 𝑑2
(20 − 12)
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = (111.5) ( ) (41)
(20 − 12) + (20 − 8)
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 1828.6 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
2.1.2 MEASURES OF DISPERSION
Measure of dispersion attempt to describe the spread of the data values in a data
set. The most common measures are the variance and the standard deviation. Variance
measure how far a set of data is spread out, while standard deviation shows how much
variation from the mean exists.

VARIANCE
To find variance, we used the formula of sample variance which is

2
1 2
(∑𝑓𝑥)2
𝑠 = (∑𝑓𝑥 − )
∑𝑓 − 1 𝑓

2
1 (7278)2
𝑠 = (∑(1113134) − )
∑ 57 − 1 57
𝑠 2 = 3283.01 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

STANDARD DEVIATION

1 (∑𝑓𝑥)2
𝑠=√ (∑𝑓𝑥 2 − )
∑𝑓 − 1 𝑓

𝑠 = √3283.01
𝑠 = 57.2975 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
REFERENCES
Ismail Kamdar (July 28, 2017). Hadiths About Time Management. Retrieved from
http://www.islamicselfhelp.com/2017/07/28/hadiths-time/

Imam al-Nawawi (Sep 18, 2015). Beautiful hadiths on Seeking knowledge. Retrieved
from http://muslimvillage.com/2015/09/18/59097/on-seeking-knowledge/

Ruslina Yaacob (2013). Essential Mathematics for Pre-University. Retrieved

December 5, 2017.

J. L. Hodges, E. L. Lehmann (2005). Basic Concepts Of Probability And Statistics.

Retrieved December 5, 2017.