PAVINGS

Asmita Khodankar
A1904013098
Harshika Sharma
A1904013101
INTRODUCTION
These materials are used in different spots in the landscape or outdoor living areas
and render different benefits according to specifications and design requirements.

Types of paving stones –

NATURAL STONE
Some examples of natural stones used as paving materials are granite (strong and
durable paving stone that’s commonly used in decks, patios, courtyards, and outdoor
kitchen tabletops, bluestone (ideal for cladding, patios, and driveways), and
sandstone (used in verandahs, courtyards, and as veneer material).

MANUFACTURED
also called concrete paving stone.
ADVANTAGES

DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
The many shapes, patterns, and colors of Pavers allow for design creativity, as well
as delineation of pavement areas, such as parking lanes, cross walks, and
intersections. The beauty of pavers adds value and visual appeal to any property.
By adding flexibility not possible with rigid pavement, pavers can flow with existing
landscaping to deliver beauty to any property.
Suppliers stock rustic stone-like pavers to hose that look like clay brick. Light colored
pavers offer a cooler surface around patios and pool decks.
PAVER STRENGTH
Concrete pavers are extremely dense units, which possess exceptional strength and
durability, superior stability under severe loads, and are unaffected by the extremes of
heat and frost. Each unit has joints that allow for a small amount of movement without
cracking. Factory made pavers last for decades. Manufactured to tight dimensional
tolerances, pavers are stronger than regular poured concrete surfaces and more
durable than black asphalt. They can take more abuse and last for generations. One of
the greatest advantages is that a segmental paving system allows for expansion and
contraction without producing surface cracks, unlike solid concrete surfaces and stamped
concrete.

EASY TO REPAIR
Remove and reinstate the same pavers with no ugly patches after repairs to the base or
underground utilities. Asphalt, concrete, and stamped concrete cannot make this claim.
Pavers are low-maintenance and offer low life-cycle costs. Stained or broken pavers
can be easily replaced without patches
Pavers are easy to maintain. Regular sweeping and occasional rinsing are usually
the most maintenance needed. For heavy soiling, pressure washing with appropriate
clearing solutions (re-sanding of joints will be necessary) or a simple spot treatment
with a brush, cleaner, water and some elbow grease will solve the problem
DRAINAGE
Because pavers have a porous joint between them, they provide excellent drainage.
The water can seep down through the joints into the ground. Ecologically, this
prevents water runoff, which may damage the surrounding areas. Water goes into the
ground not into the sewer system.
Snow can be plowed, blown or shoveled just like asphalt or concrete pavements. The
chamfered (beveled) edge of pavers will prevent you from catching an edge with the
plow or shovel. Using de-icing products like salt or calcium chloride will not harm or
pit the pavers. Electric or liquid snow-melting systems work well under concrete
pavers, eliminating snow removal while reducing slip hazards. Smooth surface allows
for easy snow removal. Pavers can be colored dark to help melt snow faster.
WEATHER RESISTANCE
Pavers can be used in any climate and can be trafficked immediately upon
compaction. The joints between the pavers eliminate the cracking common with
traditional asphalt and concrete pavements.
SAFETY
On both vehicular and pedestrian applications pavers have a non-skid surface even
when the pavers are wet they are safe to walk or drive a vehicle over them.
TYPES OF PAVING STONES
Brick Pavers
A manufactured product, brick pavers are made with cement, sand, fine aggregates and water,
which is mixed together and fired in a kiln at high temperatures to produce the finished product.
Known to last a lifetime, brick pavers are highly versatile, durable and strong.

Concrete Pavers
The myriad benefits of concrete pavers include their unlimited styles, colors and designs, low
maintenance, durability, safety, strength, versatility, adaptability to all weather conditions,
flexible integrity, and ease of installation and repair. Interlocking concrete pavers offer
flexibility, moving in unison with the earth below them, thus avoiding serious damage.
Stone Pavers
Naturally occurring stone pavers are mined from quarries, or collected from a rock outcrop.
Because they are not manufactured, as concrete and brick pavers are, stone pavers have different
qualities than concrete and brick and are often more expensive than their manufactured cousins.
But, they are still the most popular choice for all external paving needs.

Bluestone
Bluestone is also a natural stone that’s a mixture of sand and other particles. It has a bluish gray
hue that gives it its name.
FLAGSTONE
Cut from a stone quarry, flagstone pavers are durable, safe and will stay cool because
they don’t absorb heat. This is perfect for a yard that’s in direct sunlight.

TRAVERTINE
Travertine pavers are usually more textured and filled with little holes or grooves. It’s also
very durable.
 APPLICATIONS
Driveways. These areas can be made functional, safe, and attractive with the right
combination of paver shapes, colors, designs, finishes, and sizes.
Crosswalks. While it’s more common to see concrete or asphalt crosswalks, it’s not surprising
to see crosswalks made of different paving stone types. They are not only built for foot
traffic but also built to impress pedestrians with their unique beauty.
Walkways. Just like driveways, it’s vital to ensure that walkways frequented by people are
made safe from slippage, durable, and attractive at the same time.
Pool decks. Pool areas are constantly wet and are natural magnets for slip-and-fall
accidents. By choosing the right texture of paving stone materials, such threat to safety can
be eliminated.
Garden steps. Gardens are meant to beautify properties. By picking the right combination of
stone paver designs and colors, it’s possible to achieve a specific theme that can complement
the general design of a property for harmonious appeal.
Outdoor living areas. Paving stone materials (concrete and natural) are extensively used to
build kitchens, gazebos, patios, courtyards, fireplaces and fire pits, and sitting walls for
outdoor spaces.
Aside from these, paving stones are also used in retaining walls, pavements, and other
surfaces in public and commercial areas
PAVER SHAPES
The most common paver shapes are square, round, rectangular, and hexagonal.
Patterns often have multiple shapes in one design making the pattern more intricate
bringing character to your home. Below you can see standard dimensions for the
common paver shapes
Square Round Rectangle Hexagonal
 POPULAR PAVING PATTERNS
Circular Pattern
This pattern is achieved by laying the paver rows in a circular formation. Although
the pavers will have small spaces in between, they are easily filled with mortar or
sand. This pattern is known to look best when mixed throughout other patterns
Herringbone Pattern
Pavers are laid going alternate directions creating a "V" shape. This pattern can
be laid at 45 or 90 degrees and is often used in large to medium sized
entertainment areas. This pattern has a strong visual effect and adds character to
any outdoor space. The herringbone pattern is known for its strength and
durability, it is highly recommended in areas with heavy traffic or furniture.
Driveways, patios, and walkways are the ideal areas to lay this pattern.
Basket Weave Pattern
Originating from the old English landscape design era this is a well-known pattern
that will bring a vintage look to your area. The pavers in this pattern alternate
between vertical and horizontal pairs. The paired pavers create rows and columns
that have an eye catching effect. The basket weave is also very durable and is
perfect for nearly every location of your outdoor space.
European Fan Pattern
You can see this popular fan pattern all across Europe, which is where it originated
from. This pattern along with the circular pattern is known to be the most
challenging pattern to lay.. This pattern gives you flexibility with the size of the fan
and the color of the pavers.
Running Bond Pattern
This is the most common pattern used among homeowners today.
Why? Because it is the simple pattern to lay, easy to install, and uses the least amount
of waste compared to the other patterns. Running bond is laid side by side creating
illusions with its strong linear lines. These illusions can make your patio look longer or
even wider depending on the direction it's laid. This is the most plain paver pattern,
but needs minimal cutting which lowers the amount of work and the cost of
installation. Running Bond is perfect for small areas-making them seem bigger.