OUTPUTS OF CIRCULAR ARRAY :

I. Generation of radiation patterns of Uniform Concentric Circular

Array Antenna
This section gives the computations results for 3, 6, 9 and 12 rings of Uniform Concentric
Circular Antenna Array (UCCAA).

Radiation pattern of fully populated UCCAA for 3 rings with central element feeding
Radiation pattern of fully populated UCCAA for 6 rings with central element feeding

Radiation pattern of fully populated UCCAA for 9 rings with central element feeding
Radiation pattern of fully populated UCCAA for 12 rings with central element feeding

Radiation pattern of fully populated UCCAA for 15 rings with central element feeding
 Serial Number of Total Sidelobe level Half Power
Number rings elements SLL1 (dB) SLL2 (dB) Beam Width.
1 3 37 -17.69 -19.04 17.100
2 6 130 -17.36 -22.05 9.000
3 9 279 -17.40 -23.30 6.750
4 12 485 -17.42 -23.52 4.950
5 15 747 -17.42 -23.63 4.050

II.Thinning of CCAA using Binary Coded Genetic Algorithm (BGA)

Parameters BGA

Population size 120

Iteration cycles 200
Crossover rate 0.3
Crossover Uniform Crossover
Mutation Rate 0.03
Mutation Gaussian Mutation
WF1,WF2 and WF3 75, 2 and 0.08
NOTE : THE PARAMETERS NEED NOT BE THE SAME…. BUT THE
SIDE LOBE LEVEL SHOULD BE MINIMISED AS LOW AS POSSIBLE

Radiation Pattern found by for 3 ring CCAA set with central element feeding

Convergence Profile of GA in case of Thinned Array for 3 rings CCAA

Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..1 Radiation Pattern found by for 6 ring CCAA set with
central element feeding

Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..2 Convergence Profile of GA in case of Thinned Array
for 6 rings CCAA
Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..3 Radiation Pattern found by for 9 ring CCAA set with
central element feeding
Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..4 Convergence Profile of GA in case of Thinned Array
for 9 rings CCAA
 Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..5 Radiation Pattern found by for 12 ring CCAA set
with central element feeding

Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..6 Convergence Profile of GA in case of Thinned Array
for 12 rings CCAA
 Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..7 Radiation Pattern found by for 15 ring CCAA set
with central element feeding

Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..8 Convergence Profile of GA in case of Thinned Array
for 15 rings CCAA
Table 5.1 Thinned and Fully populated Array results using BGA

Serial Total Tapering Sidelobe Half Power

Number Number of rings elements efficiency level Beam Width
TON TOFF (%) (dB)
1 Fully Populated
3 array 37 0 100.0 -17.69 17.100

Thinned array 24 13 64.86 -20.51 16.680

2 Fully Populated
6 array 130 0 100.0 -17.36 9.000

Thinned array 82 48 63.08 -20.66 9.000

3 Fully Populated
9 array 279 0 100.0 -17.40 6.750

Thinned array 156 123 55.91 -22.61 6.300

4 Fully Populated
12 array 485 0 100.0 -17.42 4.950

Thinned array 287 198 59.18 -23.08 4.950

5 Fully Populated
15 array 747 0 100.0 -17.42 4.050

Thinned array 454 293 60.78 -22.23 4.050

2 Excitation amplitude Distribution (Imn) of 3 ring CCAA using BGA

Ring No. No. of

elements in Element Excitations corresponding to the Concentric Circle
the rings
Central 1 1
element
1 6 1 1 1 1 1 0

2 12 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0

3 18 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 1
Excitation amplitude Distribution (Imn) of 6 ring CCAA using BGA

Ring No. No. of

elements in Element Excitations corresponding to the Concentric Circle
the rings
Central 1 1
element
1 6 1 1 1 1 1 0

2 12 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

3 18 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1
4 25 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
5 31 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
1
6 37 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 1

3 Thinning of CCAA using plotted.

Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..9 Radiation Pattern found by for 3 ring CCAA set with
central element feeding by PSO
Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..10 Convergence Profile of PSO in case of Thinned
Array for 3 rings CCAA

Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..11 Radiation Pattern found by for 6 ring CCAA set
with central element feeding by PSO
Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..12 Convergence Profile of PSO in case of Thinned
Array for 6 rings CCAA
Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..13 Radiation Pattern found by for 9 ring CCAA set
with central element feeding by PSO

Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..14 Convergence Profile of PSO in case of Thinned
Array for 9 rings CCAA
Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..15 Radiation Pattern found by for 12 ring CCAA set
with central element feeding by PSO
Figure 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..16 Radiation Pattern found by for 15 ring CCAA set
with central element feeding by PSO
Thinned and Fully populated Array results using Thinned and Fully populated Array results using PSO

Thinned and Fully populated Array results using PSO

Serial Total Tapering Sidelobe Half Power

Number Number of rings elements efficiency level Beam Width
TON TOFF (%) (dB)
1 Fully Populated
array 37 0 100.0 -17.69 17.100
3 Optimally
Excited array 37 0 100.0 -20.56 16.700

Thinned array 25 12 67.57 -20.58 16.680

2 Fully Populated
array 130 0 100.0 -17.36 9.000
6 Optimally
Excited array 130 0 100.0 -20.66 9.000

Thinned array 78 52 60.00 -20.66 9.000

3 Fully Populated
array 279 0 100.0 -17.40 6.750
 9 Optimally
Excited array 279 0 100 -22.61 6.300

Thinned 159 120 56.98 -22.61 6.300

4 Fully Populated
array 485 0 100.0 -17.42 4.950
12 Optimally
Excited array 287 198 59.18 -23.08 4.950

Thinned 287 198 59.18 -23.08 4.950

5 Fully Populated
array 747 0 100.0 -17.42 4.050
15 Optimally
Excited array 747 0 100.0 -22.23 4.050

Thinned 445 302 59.57 -22.23 4.050

Table 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..3 Excitation amplitude Distribution (Imn) of 3 ring
CCAA using PSO

Ring No. No. of

elements in Element Excitations corresponding to the Concentric Circle
the rings
Central 1 1
element
1 6 1 1 1 1 0 1

2 12 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0

3 18 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 1

Table 5.Error! No text of specified style in document..4 Excitation amplitude Distribution (Imn) of 6 ring
CCAA using PSO

Ring No. No. of

elements in Element Excitations corresponding to the Concentric Circle
the rings
Central 1 1
element
1 6 1 1 1 0 1 1

2 12 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

3 18 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 1
4 25 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
5 31 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
1
6 37 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 1

Table 5.5 Excitation amplitude Distribution (Imn) of 3 ring CCAA using PSO

Element Ring Optimized Element Ring Optimized

Number Number Element Number Number Element
Excitation Excitation
1 Central 20 3
element 0.7525 0.8148
2 1 0.4010 21 3 0.2385
3 1 0.7176 22 3 0.4012
4 1 0.7105 23 3 0.7251
5 1 0.5598 24 3 0.1649
6 1 0.6881 25 3 0.1359
7 1 0.2889 26 3 0.6199
8 2 0.7065 27 3 0.6322
9 2 0.6228 28 3 0.7374
10 2 0.2713 29 3 0.7643
11 2 0.7021 30 3 0.7354
12 2 0.5779 31 3 0.8377
13 2 0.3990 32 3 0.6621
14 2 0.4346 33 3 0.5814
15 2 0.1482 34 3 0.4522
16 2 0.5593 35 3 0.6179
17 2 0.6057 36 3 0.5971
18 2 0.7225 37 3 0.2413
19 2 0.2392
Table 5.6 Excitation amplitude Distribution (Imn) of 6 ring CCAA using PSO

Element Ring Optimized Element Ring Optimized

Number Number Element Number Number Element
(1) (2) Excitation (3) (1) (2) Excitation (3)
Central
1 Element 0.5400 66 5 0.1074
2 1 0.5547 67 5 0.4376
3 1 0.5353 68 5 0.5429
4 1 0.8919 69 5 0.2376
5 1 0.6686 70 5 0.4309
6 1 0.2869 71 5 0.3521
7 1 0.7463 72 5 0.7356
8 2 0.7575 73 5 0.4094
9 2 0.6324 74 5 0.6123
10 2 1.0226 75 5 0.3913
11 2 0.8489 76 5 0.6934
 12 2 0.6529 77 5 0.3227
13 2 0.3774 78 5 0.8077
14 2 0.5278 79 5 0.0901
15 2 0.5553 80 5 0.3379
16 2 0.8065 81 5 0.6564
17 2 0.2655 82 5 0.4317
(1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3)