NAME : ABU BASIT IKBAL

NPM : 10614086
CLASS : 4SA02

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
RULES:

 There are three types of conditional sentences.

 It’s important to use the correct structure for each of these different conditional
sentences because they express varying meanings.
 Pay attention to verb tense when using different conditional modes.
 Use a comma after the if-clause when the if-clause precedes the main clause.

DEFINITION
Conditional sentences are statements discussing known factors or hypothetical situations
and their consequences. Complete conditional sentences contain a conditional clause (often
referred to as the if-clause) and the consequence. Consider the following sentences:

 If a certain condition is true, then a particular result happens

 I would travel around the world if I won the lottery
 When water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE CONSISTS OF TWO CLAUSES

 Main clause is a part of a compound sentence that can stand alone if separated from other
parts of the sentence.

 Subordinate clause or “if clause” is part of a compound sentence that cannot stand alone
if separated from other parts of the sentence. Subordinate clause hasn’t yet a complete
understanding that needs to be combined with other sentences, especially the main clause.

Subordinate clause can be placed In front of the main clause. In this case the clause was
limited by a comma (,) and after the main clause
 FORMS

CONDITIONAL USAGE IF CLAUSE MAIN

SENTENCE VERB TENSE CLAUSE
TYPE VERB TENSE

Type 1 For real Simple present Simple future

conditionals the
possibility of
something
happening exists

Type 2 A hypothetical Simple past Present

condition and its conditional or
probable result Present
continuous
conditional

Type 3 An unreal past Past perfect Perfect

condition and its conditional
probable result in
the past
TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL Real conditions (true or probably true)
The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real.
The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences if
clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.

FORM:

IF CLAUSE (Subordinate) MAIN CLAUSE

If + Simple Present Will + Infinite

If this thing happens that thing will happen.

If you don't hurry you will miss the train.

If it rains today you will get wet.

TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL (Present unreality / improbable or unreal condition)

The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation
that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. It is used to refer to a hypothetical condition
and its probable result. Furthermore, if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the
present conditional.

FORM:

IF CLAUSE (Subordinate) MAIN CLAUSE

If + Simple Past Would + Infinitive

If this thing happened that thing would happen.

If you went to bed earlier you would not be so tired.

 IF CLAUSE (Subordinate) MAIN CLAUSE

If it rained you would get wet.

TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL ((Past Unreality / improbable or unreal condition)

The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is
contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. It is also
used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. Moreover, if clause uses the
past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

FORM:

IF CLAUSE (Subordinate) MAIN CLAUSE

If + past perfect would have + past participle

If this thing had happened that thing would have happened.

If you had studied harder you would have passed the exam.

If it had rained you would have gotten wet

Note:
Unreal means "does not match reality." It can be said as "a sentence that says modality or
to imagine a fact or situation that is incompatible with the fact that there are at this moment."
Therefore, the word IF in conditional sentence Type II and Type III should be translated as "if
or suppose", not if or when, because the situation is not in reality. This means that state cannot be
changed again as what was imagined or assumed. The situation was supposedly impossible or
may be not happen again. While the Type I sentences, future real (possible) condition can be
translated with the word when or if, not if or suppose because there is a different manner in their
using. If is used to declare a thing or situation that is not contrary to the facts / realities. That is
something that still may occur. While the word if or suppose is used to something that
supposedly is not likely to happen again because it imagined a past and impossible

HOPE AND WISH IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Hope and Wish clauses are also used with conditionals (also called if-clause). Hope and
Wish is followed by a "Noun Clause." Past verb forms, similar to those in conditional sentences,
are used in the noun clause.

We use the verb hope when something is very possible.

We use the verb wish about impossible things or things that are not likely to happen (things that
you don't really expect to happen.)

 HOPE
To say what you hope about the present, you use the present:

 I hope he's all right.

 I hope he knows where the clinic is.
 I hope he's having a good time in Florida.
To say what you hope about the past, you use the simple past:

 I hope she found the restaurant.

 I hope he passed his class last semester.
To say what you hope about the future, you use the present (or the future, although it is less
common):

 I hope he has a good time in Florida next month.(I hope he'll have a good time in
Florida next month.)
 I hope she comes to see us when she passes through New York.(I hope she'll come
to see us when she passes through New York.)
  WISH
To say what you wish about the present, you use the past:

 I wish I had a good job. (You have a bad job now.)

 I wish I had a million dollars. (You don't have a lot of money.)
 I wish I knew how to speak Japanese. (You can't speak it.)
 (Note! We use were for all subjects when we use wish.)
To say what you wish about the past, you use the past perfect:

 I wish I had passed my ESL class last semester! (You didn't pass.)
 I wish she had given me her phone number. (She didn't give it to you.)
To say what you wish about the future, you use would:

 I wish the President would do more to help the poor.

 I wish you would quit smoking soon.
(Note! If you think there is a chance that something can happen, use hope, not wish: To
say, "I hope the President does something about healthcare soon" means that you think there is a
strong possibility that he will.)

NOTE: With "unreal conditionals" and "untrue wishes", when you use the verb be in the
if-clause or in the noun clause after wish, the form is always were (this is called subjunctive
mood).

I wish he were here with me.

 SOURCES:

CONDITIONAL. (n.d.).EF Education First. Retrieved

From http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/conditional/

Conditional Sentences—Rules You Need to Know. (n.d.). Grammarly Blog. Retrieved

From https://www.grammarly.com/blog/conditional-sentences/

First, Second, & Third Conditional. (n.d.).grammar.ccc.commnet.edu. Retrieved

From http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conditional2.htm

Hope and Wish clauses. (n.d.). American English. Retrieved

From http://ingles-americano.blogspot.co.id/2013/07/hope-and-wish-clauses.html