1-1 izLRkkouk

“If Wealth is lost

Something is lost
But if Health is lost
Everything is lost”

vkjksX; gh lq[kh thoukph xq#fdYyh vkgs-

vkjksX; laiknu dj.ks gk izR;sd ek.kklkpk
eqyHkwr gDd vkgs- gh xks”V la;qDr
jk”Vªla?k vkf.k tkxfrd vkjksX; la?kVuk
¼½ ;k nksgksauh ekU; dsyh vkgs- vkjksX;
gk lq[kh thoukpk ik;k vkgs- izR;sd
O;Drhyk Lor%P;k fodklklkBh lqn`< o
fudksi eukph xjt vlrs- vxnh izkphu
dkGkiklwu ekuokyk lqn`< o fudksi
‘kjhjkps egRo dGys vkgs-
vki.k ,d lqfopkj usgeh okprk

^^Health is Wealth**

Eg.ktsp ‘kjhjlaiRrh ghp [kjh /kulaiRrh

vkgs- eu LoLFk vlys dh vkiys fopkj pkaxys
gksrkr fopkj pkaxys vlys dh] vkiY;k gkrwu
pkaxys dk;Z ?kMrkr- i;kZ;kus lekIr ?kMrks

1
o R;krwu ns’kkpk fodkl gksrks- R;keqGs
‘kjhj laiRrh gh Qkj egRokph vkgs-
R;keqGsp yksdekU; fVGdkauh f’k{k.k
Fkkacowu o”kZHkj ‘kjhjlk/kuk dsyh o
R;krqup R;kauh baxztka’kh y<.;kps lkeF;Z
izkIr dsys-
vkjksX; gk izR;sd O;Drhpk tUefl/n gDd
vkgs] i.k R;kpcjkscj R;kyk drZO;kph nqljh
cktw vkgs gs vkjksX; laiknu dj.;klkBh
O;Drhyk o lektkyk tkx#d jkg.ks vko’;d
vkgs ;kph tk.kho vkjksX; f’k{k.kkrqu d#u
ns.;kpk gk iz;Ru vkgs- T;k ifjljkr O;Drh
jkgrs R;k ifjljkoj frps LokLFk voyacwu vlrs
o O;DrhP;k LokLFkkP;k ntkZoj lektkps
LokLFk voyacqu vlrs

vkjksX;

vkjksX; Eg.kts dsoG jksx fdaok v’kDrrk

;kapk vHkko uOgs rj laiw.kZ ‘kkfjfjd]
ekufld o lkekftd lqfLFkrh gks;-

2
vkjksX; gh ek.klkph LokHkkfod fLFkrh
vkgs- vkiY;k eukr vkjksX; Eg.kts dsoG
jksxkiklqu eqDrrk vlkp vFkZ gksrks i.k ;k
vkjksX;kps ‘kjhjk cjkscj fujksxh jkg.ks gk
ek.klkpk tUefl/n gDd vkgs o uSlfxZdfjR;k
fujksxh jkg.;klkBh Lor%P;k ifjljkojgh
voyacwu jgkos ykxrs- ‘kq/n gok] ik.kh]
Hkjiwj lq;Zizdk’k] LoPNrk Eg.ktsp vkjksX;
gs ‘kjhj o ifjlj ;k ?kVdkaoj voyacqu vkgs-
rlsp vkjksX;koj ifj.kke dj.kkjk ?kVd Eg.kts
eu ‘kq/n vl.ks R;kps vfLrRo ;ksX; vl.ks
egRokps vlrs-

ojhy loZ xks”Vhapk fopkj dsyk vlrk

vkjksX; gh lrr pky.kkjh izfØ;k vkgs o rh
pkaxyh jkg.ks vko’;d vkgs- ijarq l|kP;k txkr
gh ,d eksBh leL;k tk.kors-
vktps tx gs ^Hurry, worry, curry” ps tx
vkgs vkt izR;sdkl fparsus xzklysys vkgs-
vktP;k Li/ksZP;k ;qxkr fVdqu jkg.;kph
fpark lokZauk okVrs R;keqGs R;kauk ;ksX;
vkgkj ?ks.;klgh osG feGr ukgh-

3
Eg.kwu v’khp vkjksX;fo”k;d leL;k vacjukFk
;sFkhy Kkuke`r fo|ky; ;sFkhy b-5oh
¼o;ksxV 11&12½ fo|kF;kZae/;s tk.koyh
Eg.kwu R;koj ;ksX; miØe jkcowu
R;kaP;ke/;s vl.kkÚ;k tk.khokpk ‘kks/k ?
ksÅu R;kaP;ke/khy leL;k nwj dj.ks gk ;k
d`rh la’kks/kuke/khy la’kksf/kdspk eq[;
gsrq vkgs-

LFkwy leL;k

fo|kF;kZauk vkjksX;fo”k;d vl.kkÚ;k

tk.khokapk vH;kl o mik;;kstuk dj.ks

fuf’pr leL;k

vacjukFk ;sFkhy Kkuke`r fo|ky; ;sFkhy b-

5ohP;k 11&12 o;ksxVkrhy fo|kF;kZuk
vkjksX;fo”k;d vl.kkÚ;k tk.khokapk vH;kl o
mik;;kstuk dj.ks

4
la’kks/kukph xjt
1- fo|kF;kZaps ‘kkfjfjd vkjksX;] R;kpk ifjlj]
‘kkGk] eu ;kaP;k ekfgrhlkBh
la’kks/kukph xjt vkgs
2- fo|kF;kZauk LykbZMn~okjs
vkjksX;fo”k;d ekfgrh ns.ks xjtsps vkgs
3- fo|kF;kZauk ifjlj vH;klkrwu ‘kkfjfjd
vkjksX; fc?kkMkph dkj.ks letkowu
ns.;klkBh la’kks/kukph xjt vkgs

la’kks/ku leL;k
^^Kkuke`r fo|ky;krhy o;ksxV 11 & 12 b-
5oh ;k oxkZrhy fo|kF;kZaP;k vkjksX;fo”k;d
tk.khokapk vH;kl o mik;;kstuk dj.ks
la'kks/kukph mfn~n”V;s
1- vacjukFk ;sFkhy Kkuke`r fo|ky;
vacjukFk ‘kgjkrhy vuqnkfur vlysyh ,d
‘kkGk
2- fo|kF;kZe/khy o;ksxV 11&12 b-5ohps
fo|kF;kZaph vkjksX;fo”k;d leL;k
vH;kl.ks
3- fo|kF;kZe/;s u[ks eksBs vl.ks] dsl
ok<o.ks] diMs vLoPN vl.ks] eu fopfyr

5
 vl.ks] jkst vka?kksG u dj.ks v’kk fofo/k
izdkjP;k vl.kkÚ;k vkjksX; fo”k;d tkf.kok
4- vkjksX;fo”k;d tk.kho ul.kkÚ;k fo|
kF;kZapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks o R;k leL;k
ekxP;k dkj.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
5- b-5ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k ckckrhr
jkcoysY;k miØekph ifj.kkedkjdrk
vH;kl.ks
dk;kZRed O;k[;k
vacjukFk ‘kgjkrhy Kkuke`r fo|ky; gh ‘kkGk
b-5oh ¼o;ksxV 10&12 fo|kFkhZ½ fo|
kF;kZaps u[ks eksBs vl.ks] dsl ok<fo.ks]
diMs vLoPN vl.ks] eu fopfyr vl.ks] jkst
vka?kksG u dj.ks v’kk fofo/k izdkjP;k
vl.kkÚ;k vkjksX;fo”k;d tk.kho

ifjdYiuk
1- ‘kkfjfjd LoPNrslanHkkZr fo|kF;kZauk
ekxZn’kZu dsY;kl R;kap;k vkjksX;kr
lq/kkj.kk ?kMwu ;sbZy

6
2- vkjksX; rKkaps ekxZn’kZu R;kauk
fnY;kl fo|kFkhZ o ikyd ;kauk
vkjksX;fo”k;d tk.kho gksbZy
3- fo|kF;kZauk ikSf”Vd vkgkjklanHkkZr
ekxZn’kzu dsY;kl fo|kFkhZ o ikyd
;kaP;kr vkjksX;fo”k;d tk.kho gksbZy

/kuifjdYiuk
lnj leL;slkBh la’kksf/kdkaus /kuifjdYiuk
fopkjkr ?ksrY;k vkgsr

ekfgrh ladyu lk/kus

izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh la’kksf/kdsus

eqyk[kr o fufj{k.k ra= ;k lk/kukapk okij
dsysyk vkgs- izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh
izk;ksfxd i/nrhpk okij dsyk vkgs-

7
U;kn’kZ
lnj la’kks/kuklkBh la’kksf/kdsus lgsrwd
U;kn’kZ fuoM.;kr vkyk vkgs-

O;kIrh o e;kZnk
lnj la’kks/kuklkBh O;kIrh gh {ks=klkBh o
o;ksxV e;kZnk vkgs-

1- HkkSxksfyd e;kZnk
lnj la’kks/ku vacjukFk ‘kgjkrhy
Kkuke`r fo|ky; ‘kkGsiqjrs e;kZfnr
vkgs

2- o;ksxV e;kZnk
lnj la’kks/ku 11&12 g;k
o;ksxVkaP;k fo|kF;kZaiqjrsp
e;kZfnr vkgs

3- dkyko/kh
izLrqr la’kks/ku 2010&2011 i;Zar
e;kZfnr vkgs- g;k o”kkZrhy lgk

8
 efgU;krhy 20 fnol izR;{k miØe
jkcfo.;kr vkyk-

la’kks/ku i/nrh
la’kks/ku i/nrhe/;s losZ{k.k i/nrh o
izk;ksfxd g;k nksu i/nrh vkgsr- R;kiSdh g;k
leL;slkBh la’kksf/kdsus g;k leL;slkBh
izk;ksfxd la’kks/ku i/nrh fuoMysyh vkgs
izk;ksfxd i/nrhph xq.koSf’k”V;s
iq<hyizek.ks

1-;k i/nrhP;k la’kks/kuklkBh fu;fer xVkph

fØ;k o rqyuk dj.ks vko’;drk vlrs-
2-nksUgh xVkrhy fdaok nksu mipkjkrhy
dk;Zdkj.k laca/k laca/khps fu/khdj.k djrk
;srs
3-izfrn’khZph fuoM ;kn`fPNd i/nrhus dys
tkrs
4-la’kks/kdkl Lok/khu pykph gkrkG.kh
dj.ks ‘kD; vkgs
5-fu;a=.k gs izk;ksfxd i/nrhps oSf’k”V;s
vkgs

9
izk;ksfxd i/nrhps Qk;ns@egRo

1- izk;ksfxd i/nrhr dk;Z ‘kkL=’kq/nfjR;k

dsys tkrs-
2- izk;ksfxd i/nr gh ‘kkfL=; i/nr vkgs
3- ‘kkL=’kqn~/kfjR;k dk;Z dsY;keqGs
la’kks/kukl loZ=] lkj[ksi.kk]
oLrqfu”Brk ;srs fu”d”kkZr vpqdrk
fnlwu ;srs
4- izk;ksfxd i/nrhpk iqoZxzgkyk Fkkjk ukgh
5- ifjdYiukaph ;ksX; rikl.kh dsyh tkrs-
6- leL;spk l[kksy vH;kl dsyk tkrks-
7- fu”d”kZ iMrkGrk ;srkr
8- la[;k’kkL=h; i/nrhus fo’ys”k.k dsys tkrs

10
izk;ksfxd i/nrhps rksVs

1- ckg; pykoj izR;sdh osGh fu;=a.k

Bsork ;s.ks ‘kD; ukgh
2- T;k O;Drhoj iz;ksx dsyk tkrks R;kph
ekufldrk ulsy rj ifj.kke gks.kkj ukgh-
iz;ksx ;’kLoh gks.kkj ukgh
3- uSlfxZd okrkoj.kkpk yksi >kysyk
fnlwu ;srks
4- izk;ksfxd xVkr vkfRe;rk ok<rs R;kpk
ifj.kke iz;ksxkoj o ifj.kkekoj gks.;kph
‘kD;rk vlrs-
5- iwoZ pkp.kheqGs iz;qDr tkx`r gksrks o
R;keqGs uSlfxZd izfrlknkis{kk d`f=e
izfrlkn feGw ‘kdrks
6- i{kikrhi.kk ;s.;kph laHkkouk
7- fu”d”kkZoj ifj.kke gksow ‘kdrks
8- izk;ksfxd i/nrhr iz;ksxklkBh ukxfjd]
lgdkjh] ikyd ;kapk lekos’k vl.ks egRokps
vlrs-

izk;ksfxd i/nrhP;k ik;Ú;k

11
1-leL;sph fuoM vkf.k e;kZnk
leL;k fuf’pr lqLi”V vkf.k lqcks/k ‘kCnkar
ekaMysysh vlkoh- leL;sps rkRiqjrs mRrj
Eg.kqu fLodkjysyh ifjdYiuk] Li”V vlkoh-
R;kr LokPN;h o vkJ;h py ;kaP;k
dk;kZRed O;k[;k fnysY;k vlkO;kr-
vH;klkps la’kks/kukps {ks= gs fuf’pr
vlkos

2-lacaf/kr lkfgR;kpk
vk<kok@losZ{k.k

iz;ksxk’kh lacaf/kr vlysY;k lkfgR;kpk

vk<kok ?ks.ks vko’;d vlrs- R;keqGs
tqU;k la/kksurhy fu”d”kZ letrkr- izHkkoh
ckg;pykph dYiuk ;srs- la’kks/kudR;kZl
iz;ksxkph #ijs”kk Bjo.;kl enr gksrs

3-tula[;k Li”V dj.ks

iz;ksx djrkauk R;kps fu”d”kZ dk<kos

ykxrkr- fu”d”kkZP;k vk/kkjs tula[;k

12
fuoMhph izfØ;k lq# djkoh ykxrs
iqokZuqekuqlkj U;kn’kkZph fuf’prh
djkoh ykxrs- R;ko#u U;kn’kZ gk
tula[;sps izfrfuf/kd Lo#i vkgs dh ukgh
rs Li”V djkos ykxrs-

13
 izdj.k nqljs
lacaf/kr ekfgrhpk vk<kok

2.1v- la’kks/kuklkBh okijysY;k

lanHkZ iqLrdkapk vk<kok

1- ijhljkH;kl o Hkwxksy ¼f}rh; o”kZ

Mh-,M½ ys[kd & Lokrh xkMxhG
¼lqfopkj izdk’ku eaMG] iq.ks½

2- vkjksX; f’k{k.k ¼f}rh; o”kZ Mh-,M½

ys[kd & Lokrh xkMxhG ¼lqfopkj
izdk’ku] eaMG] iq.ks½

lacaf/kr la’kks/kukP;k vH;klkps

egRo o xjt
la’kks/kdkus vkiY;k la’kks/ku {ks=kph
vankts fuf’prh dsY;kuarj la’kks/ku gkrh ?
ksrY;kus la’kks/kdkl vusd xks”Vkph
iw.kZ r;kjh djkoh ykxrs- R;kfo”k;k’kh
lacaf/kr fu;rdkfyds] ekflds] lanHkZ
xzaFk ;kps voyksdu dj.ks vko’;d vlrs-
fdacgquk Lor%P;k fo”k;k’kh fuxMhr
vlysys lkfgR; feGfo.ks gh

14
la’kks/kukph ,d ik;jh vkgs vkiY;k
fo”k;kckcr ns’kkr fdaok ijns’kkr iqohZ
dks.kh la’kks/ku dsys vkgs] R;kpk ‘kks/k
?ks.ks vko’;d vlrs-

lacaf/kr la’kks/kukP;k vH;klkph

dkj.ks
1- iwohZ ;kfo”k;kr >kysys dke letrkr
2- lacaf/kr o izLrqr la’kks/kukrhy
fu”d”kkZph rqyuk djrk ;srs
3- izLrqr la’kks/kukph mn~fn”V;s
fuf’pr djrk ;srkr-
4- izLrqr la’kks/ku gs iqohZP;k
la’kks/kukph iqujko`Rrh rj ukgh
;kph [kk=h djrk ;srs
5- lacaf/kr la’kks/kukrhy lqpfoysY;k
mipkjkapk iz;ksx izLrqr la’kks/kukr
djrk ;srks
lacaf/kr lkfgR;kP;k vH;klkeqGs
la’kks/kdkl Lor%P;k la’kks/ku
lanHkkZr leL;sP;k fo”k;kph fuoM]
O;k[;k o Li”Vhdj.k dj.;kph i/nrh
x`frdR;kph ekaM.kh] la’kks/ku i/nrh o

15
 ra= fu”d”kkZps fuokZpu b-fo”k;h Li”V
dYiuk izkIr d#u ?ksrk ;srs-

c- lacaf/kr iqLrdkaP;k losZ{k.k o ekaM.kh

iqLrdkps ys[kd izdk'ku okij d’kklkBh

uko o”kZ dsyk
ijhljkH;kl o Lokrh lqfopkj izLrkouk fyfg.;klkBh
Hkwxksy xkMxhG izdk’ku ;k iqLrdkpk
¼f}rh; o”kZ eaMG] iq.ks lanHkZ ?ksryk
Mh-,M½ vkgs-
vkjksX; Lokrh lqfopkj izLrkouk o la’kks/ku
f’k{k.k f}rh; xkMxhG izdk’ku iqLrdkapk lanHkZ
o”kZ eaMG] iq.ks
Mh-,M
ijhljkH;kl b- Jh- fodkl uouhr miØe jkcfo.;klkBh
2jh ifCyds’ku lanHkZ iqLrdkpk
¼b½ fy- okij dj.kkj vkgs
ijhljkH;kl b- Jh- fodkl uouhr vkjksX;fo”k;d
1yh ifCyds’ku leL;slkBh iwoZ
¼b½ fy- pkp.kh ?ks.;klkBh
iqLrdkpk lanHkZ ?
ks.kkj vkgs-
vkjksX;f’k{k. egkjk"Vª jkT;] egkjk"Vª jkT; lnj la’kks/kukr egRo
k f’k{kd gLr f’k{k.k f’k{k.k xjt ;kfo”k;h ekfgrh
iqfLrdk eaMG] iq.ks eaMG] iq.ks iqLrdkrwu ?ksryh
vkgs-

16
2.2iwohZ >kysY;k la’kks/kukpk
vk<kok

izca/k 1
f’k”kZd % fHkoaMh rkyqD;krhy
vkoGh ;sFkhy ftYgk
ifj”knsrhy b-1yh e/khy fo|
kF;kZauk oS;fDrd
LoPNrsP;k leL;k
lksMfo.;klkBh miØekps
vk;kstu
la’kks/ku o”kZ % 2006&2007
ekxZn’kZd% izk-,l-,l-ikVhy lj
3

la’kks/kukph mn~fn”V;s
1- b-1yhP;k fo|kF;kZauk oS;fDrd LoPNrsP;k
leL;akpk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
2- b-1yhP;k fo|kF;kZauk oS;fDrd
LoPNrsckcr fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;k
ekxP;k dkj.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
3- b-1yhP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k oS;fDrd
LoPNrsfo”k;d leL;k nwj dj.;klkBh fofo/k
miØe jkco.ks

17
 la’kks/ku i/nrh
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh izk;ksfxd i/nrh
okij.;kr vkyh vkgs
ekfgrh ladyukph lk/kus
lnj la’kks/kukr ekfgrh ladyuklkBh iz’ukoyh
o eqyk[kr ra= ;k ekfgrh ladyu lk/kukapk
okij dsyk vkgs
U;kn’kZu fuoM
la'kksf/kdsus izLrqr la’kks/kukr lgsrqd
U;kn’kZu i/nrhus U;kn’kZ fuoM.;kr ;sr
vkgs R;klkBh 1 f’k{kd o 15 fo|kFkhZ
fu”d”kZ
1- fo|kF;kZauk oS;fDrd LoPNrslkkBh fofo/k
‘kS{kf.kd lk/kus nk[kowu R;kauk
oS;fDrd LoPNrsps egRo iVys
2- fo|kFkhZ Lor%ph oS;fDrd LoPNrk Bsow
ykxys-

izca/k 2

f’k”kZd % okMk rkyqD;krhy

nso/kj ;sFkhy ftYgk

18
 ifj”knsP;k ‘kkGsrhy b-
2jhrhy fo|kF;kZauk ifjlj
vH;klkn~okjs vkjksX; lsok
nsrkauk fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k
leL;k nwj gks.kkÚ;k
miØekps vk;kstu
la’kks/ku o”kZ % 2006&2007
ekxZn’kZd% izk-lkS-vpZuk
lksuko.ks rqaxkjs

la’kks/kukph mn~fn”V;s
1-fo|kF;kZauk vkjksX; lsok nsrkauk
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;kapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
2-fo|kF;kZauk vkjksX; lsok nsrkauk
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;k ekxP;k
dkj.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
3-fo|kF;kZauk vkjksX; lsok nsrkauk
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;slkBh miØe
jkcfo.ks

la’kks/ku i/nrh
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh izk;ksfxd i/nrh
okij.;kr vkyh vkgs

19
ekfgrh ladyukph lk/kus

lnj la’kks/kukr ekfgrh ladyuklkBh iz’ukoyh

o eqyk[kr ra= ;k ekfgrh ladyu lk/kukapk
okij dsyk vkgs

U;kn’kZu fuoM

iLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh lgsrqd U;kn’kZu

i/nrhus U;kn’kZ fuoM dsyh vkgs- R;klkBh
rK &1] f’k{kd &2] fo|kFkhZ &15

fu”d”kZ

1-fo|kF;kZauh vkjksX;dsanzkyk HksV

fnY;keqGs fo|kFkhZ jksX;kaph lsok
djrkr-
2-fo|kFkhZ Lor%P;k oxkZrhy ifjljkrhy
O;Drh vktkjh vlrhy R;kauk enr djrkr
Eg.kwu vkjksX;kph ekfgrh feGkY;kus fo|
kFkhZ vkjksX; lsok djrkr

izca/k 3

20
 f’k”kZd % dY;k.k ‘kgjkrhy xkSjh
ikMk ;sFkhy
izkFkfed ‘kkGsrhy b-
3jhP;k fo|kF;kZe/;s oxZ
LoPNrsfo”k;h ;s.kkÚ;k
leL;k nwj dj.;klkBh
miØekps vk;kstu
la’kks/ku o”kZ % 2007&2008
la’kksf/kdk % eksukyh e/kqdj
lksuo.ks
ekxZn’kZd% izk-lqo.kkZ ikVhy
eWMe

21
la’kks/kukph mn~fn”V;s

1-b-3jhP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k oxZLoPNrslkBh

;s.kkÚ;k leL;kapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
2-b-3jhP;k oxZLoPNrsckcr fuekZ.k
gks.kkÚ;k leL;k ekxP;k leL;k ekxP;k
dkj.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
3-b-3jhP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k oxZ LOkPNrsckcr
jkcfoysY;k miØekaph ifj.kkedkjdrk
vH;kl.ks
4-b-3jhP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k oxZ LoPNrsfo”k;h
leL;k nwj dj.;klkBh fofo/k miØe jkcfo.ks

la’kks/ku i/nrh

izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh izk;ksfxd i/nrh

okij.;kr vkyh vkgs

ekfgrh ladyukph lk/kus

lnj la’kks/kukr ekfgrh ladyuklkBh eqyk[kr]

iklafxd uksanh] fufj{k.k ra= ;kapk okij
dsyk vkgs

U;kn’kZu fuoM

22
la'kksf/kdsus mijksDr uequk izdjkrhy
vlaHkkO; i/nrh izklafxd U;kn’kZu
fuoMysys vkgs-

23
 izca/k 4

f’k”kZd % ukf’kd ftYg;krhy nqxko

;sFkhy ftYgk
ifj”knsP;k ‘kkGsrhy b-
7ohP;k fo|kF;kZauk
‘kkfjfjd vkjksX;eqGs
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;k
lksMfo.;klkBh miØe
fufeZrh
la’kks/ku o”kZ % 2005&2006
la’kksf/kdk % iz.kkyh ;ksxs’k
tk/ko
ekxZn’kZd% izk-ok;-oks-cPNko lj

la’kks/kukph mn~fn”V;s
1-b-7ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k ‘kkfjfjd
vkjksX;ckcr fuekZ.k leL;kapk ‘kks/k ?
ks.ks
2-b-7ohP;k fo|kF;kZauk ‘kkfjfjd
vkjksX;ckcr fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;k
ekxP;k dkj.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks-

24
3-b-7ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k ‘kkfjfjd
vkjksX;fo”k;d leL;k nwj dj.;klkBh miØe
jkcfo.ks
4-b-7ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k ‘kkfjfjd
vkjksX;kfo”k;h jkcfoysY;k miØekph
ifj.kkedkfjdrk vH;k.ks

la’kks/ku i/nrh
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh izk;ksfxd i/nrh
okij.;kr vkyh vkgs

ekfgrh ladyukph lk/kus

lnj la’kks/kukr ekfgrh ladyuklkBh fufj{k.k]
eqyk[kr ra= ;kapk okij dsysyk vkgs
U;kn’kZu fuoM
la'kksf/kdsus izLrqr la’kks/kukr lgsrqd
U;kn’kZu i/nrhus U;kn’kZ fuoM dsyh vkgs-
1 f’k{kd o 15 fo|kFkhZ
fu”d”kZ
1-fo|kF;kZauk ‘kkfjfjd vkjksX;kps egRo
iVY;kus rs ‘kkfjfjd LoPNrk Bsorkr

25
 2-‘kkfjfjd LoPNrk] ‘kkfjfjd vkjksX; gh vkiyh
laiRrh vkgs- gs y{kkr vkY;keqGs fo|
kFkhZ ‘kkfjfjd LokLFk pkaxys Bsorkr
izca/k 5
f’k”kZd % fHkoaMh ‘kgjkrhy euik
Ø-57 e/;s b-4Fkh
P;k fo|kF;kZauk iks”kd
vkgkj u feGkY;keqGs
vkjksX; fo?kMkckcr
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;k
nwj dj.;klkBh miØekaps
vk;kstu-
la’kks/ku o”kZ % 2006&2007
la’kksf/kdk % o”kkZ ukenso
ikVhy
ekxZn’kZd% izk-fuye HkksbZj
eWMe
la’kks/kukph mn~fn”V;s
1-b-4FkhP;k fo|kF;kZauk iks”kd vkgkj u
feGkY;keqGs vkjksX; fc?kkMkckcr
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;k ekxpk dkj.kkapk
‘kks/k ?ks.ks

26
 2-b-4FkhP;k fo|kF;kZauk iks”kd vkgkj u
feGkY;kus vkjksX;ckcr fuekZ.k
gks.kkÚ;k leL;k nwj dj.;klkBh miØe
jkcfo.ks
3-b-4FkhP;k fo|kF;kZauk iks”kd vkgkj u
feGkY;kus vkjksX;fo”k;d jkcfoysY;k
miØekph ifj.kkedkjdrk vH;kl.ks

la’kks/ku i/nrh
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh izk;ksfxd i/nrh
okij.;kr vkyh vkgs

ekfgrh ladyukph lk/kus

lnj la’kks/kukr ekfgrh ladyuklkBh fufj{k.k]
eqyk[kr ra= ;k lk/kukapk okij dsysyk vkgs

U;kn’kZu fuoM
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh lgsrqd U;kn’kZu
feGkysyk vkgs R;klkBh 1 f’k{kd o 12 fo|
kFkhZ

izca/k 6
f’k”kZd % ‘kgkiwj ‘kgjkrhy
izkFkfed ‘kkGsrhy b-7oh

27
 P;k fo|kF;kZauk O;k;ke
djrkauk ;s.kkÚ;k leL;k nwj
dj.;klkBh miØekaps
vk;kstu
la’kks/ku o”kZ % 2007&2008
la’kksf/kdk % lafni jkepanz jkÅr
ekxZn’kZd% izk-eh-cSjkxh eWMe
la’kks/kukph mn~fn”V;s
1-b- 7oh P;k fo|kF;kZauk O;k;ke djrkauk
;s.kkÚ;k leL;kapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
2-b- 7oh P;k fo|kF;kZauk O;k;kekfo”k;h
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;k ekxP;k
dkj.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
la’kks/ku i/nrh

izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh izk;ksfxd i/nrh

okij.;kr vkyh vkgs

ekfgrh ladyukph lk/kus

lnj la’kks/kukr ekfgrh ladyuklkBh

la’kks/kdkus iz’ukoyh] fufj{k.k] eqyk[kr
ra= ;k lk/kukapk okij dsysyk vkgs

28
U;kn’kZu fuoM

la'kks/kdkus lgsrqd U;kn’kZu i/nrhus

U;kn’kZu fuoMysyk vkgs- R;klkBh 1
f’k{kd] 1 rK] 22 fo|kFkhZ

fu”d”kZ

fo|kF;kZauk O;k;kekps Qk;ns iVowu

fnY;kus fo|kFkhZ O;k;ke djrkr

29
2.3lnj la’kks/kukps osxGsi.k
iwohZ >kysY;k la’kks/kukpk vk<kok ?
ksryk R;ko#u y{kkr ;srs dh] lnj la’kks/ku
gs R;k la’kks/kukis{kk osxGs vkgs

la’kks/ku i/nrh
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh la’kksf/kdsus
izk;ksfxd i/nrhpk voyac dsysyk vkgs rj
iqohZ >kysY;k la’kks/kuklkBh izk;ksfxd
i/nrhpk okij dsysyk vkgs- izk;ksfxd
i/nrhP;k enrhus fdaok iz’ukoyhP;k enrhus
eksB;k izek.kkr ekfgrh xksGk djrk ;srs

U;kn’kZ
izLrqr la’kks/kukr U;kn’kZ Eg.kqu 2 f’k{kd
o 20 fo|kFkhZ vls U;kn’kZ vkgsr

la’kks/ku ra= fdaok lk/kus

lacaf/kr la’kksf/kdsus ekfgrh ladyuklkBh
eqyk[kr] izklfxd uskanh] fufj{k.k ra= ;k
lk/kukapk okij dsysyk vkgs- rj izLrqr
la’kks/kukr la’kksf/kdsus izk;ksfxd i/nrhpk
okij dsysyk vkgs

30
HkkSxksfyd O;kIrh@ifjlj
lacaf/kr la’kks/ku gs dY;k.k ‘kgjkiqjrs
e;kZfnr vkgsr rj lnj la’kks/ku gs vacjukFk
‘kgjkiqjrs e;kZfnr vkgs-

31
2.4izLrqr la’kks/kukph oSf’k”V;s

1-fo”k;kckcr e;kZnk % ifjlj vH;kl

fo”k;kr
vkjksX;kckcr
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k
leL;kapk vH;kl

2-HkkSxksfyd e;kZnk % vacjukFk

‘kgj

3-U;kn’kZ % 20 fo|kFkhZ]
1 f’k{kd

4-la'kks/ku i/nrh % izk;ksfxd

i/nrh

5-ekfgrh ladyukph lk/kus %

iz’ukoyh

6-dkyko/kh % 2010 rs 2011

32
 izdj.k frljs
la’kks/kukph dk;Zokgh
3.1.1 la’kks/ku vfHkdYi
dks.krsgh NksVs dke dj.;klkBh R;kpk
vkjk[kMk r;kj djkok ykxrks- mnk- bekjr
cka/k.;klkBh laiw.kZ bekjrhpk
vkjk[kMk dkxnkoj mrjkok ykxrks-
izdYikpk dPpk vkjk[kMk la’kks/ku
vxnh izkjaHkhP;k Lrjkoj Bjforks-
la’kks/ku gh ,d Øec/n ik;Ú;kaph]
‘k`a[kykc/n izfØ;k vlY;kus leL;k fuf’prh
>kY;koj la’kks/kd R;koj fopkj djrks-
la’kks/ku vfHkdYikn~okjs laiw.kZ
la’kks/ku dk;ZØekP;k ik;Ú;k fu”ks/k
dsysY;k vlrkr- R;ke/;s la’kks/ku
leL;sfo”k;h vko’;d vlysY;k ekfgrhps
ladyu dj.ks vkf.k vFkZfoospu dj.ks ;k
ik;Ú;k ;srkr-
“Research Designe is the plan
Structure is strategy of
investigation conceived so as to

33
 often answer to research
question and ccontrol variance”.
ojhy okD;kps iafMr ¼1989½ e/;s
iq<hyizek.ks Hkk”kkarj dsysys vkgs-
la’kks/ku leL;kaP;k lek/kkuklkBh o
la’kks/ku leL;s’kh lacaf/kr ulysY;k loZ
vlaca/k pykpk izHkko U;qure A
fucQGA i`F;dj.kkP;k gsrqus ifjdfYir
vkjk[kMk lkSjpuk o izcks/ku fo/kh r;kj
dj.ks Eg.kts la’kks/ku vfHkdYi gks;-
3.1la’kks/ku vfHkdYikps izdkj

v- ,dyxV vfHkdYi

;k vfHkdYikr ,dp LFkk;hpy ?kVd vlrks

o R;kph gkrkG.kh dsyh tkrs-
iz;ksxkP;k varfjd o ckg; lgizek.krsl
izHkkoh dj.kkÚ;k ckg; pykP;k fu;a=.k
ek=sP;k vk/kkjkoj ,dyxV vfHkdYikps
rhu izdkj iMrkr-

v- iwoZ izk;ksfxd vfHkdYi ¼Pre-

Exprimental½

34
 c- fo’kq/n izk;ksfxd vfHkdYi¼True -

Experimental½

d- izkFk%izk;ksfxd vfHkdYi ¼Query-

Experimental ½

d`rh la’kks/kuklkBh iwoZ izk;ksfxd

i/nrhrhy ,dyxV iqoksZRrj dlksVh
vfHkdYi o fo’kq/n izk;ksfxd vfHkdYi
iqoksZRrj dlksVh lerqY; xV vfHkdYi
;kapk izkeq[;kus okij dsyk tkrks-

izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh la’kks/kdkus

,dyxV vfHkdYikph fuoM dsysyh
vkgs- ;k vfHkdYike/;s ,dkp xVkph
iz;ksxklkBh fuoM dsysyh vkgs- ;k
,dyxV vfHkdYikph iz;ksxiqoZ o
iz;ksxkuarj ikg.kh dsyh- nksu fHkUu
izfØ;kae/kwu ,dkp xVkyk tkos
ykxys] ;k vfHkdYikr ,dkp xV vlY;kus
fu;=a.k dj.ks lksis xsys vkf.k visf{kr
ifj.kke fnlqu vkyk-

35
 iz;ksx iwosZlqph  leL;kapk
‘kks/k  miØekph vaeyctko.kh 
vafre pkp.kh

c- la'kks/ku izfØ;k

‘kkL=h; i/nrhus la’kks/ku dj.;klkBh

Bjkfod ekxkZus tk.ks vko’;d vlrs-
la’kks/ku Lor%P;k la’kks/kukps fo”k; o
R;kph mn~fn”V;s fuf’pr dj.ks rsOgkp
R;k mn~fn”VkaP;k iqrZrslkBh
dks.kR;k i/nrhus la’kks/ku djk;ps
;kpkgh fopkj R;kyk djkok ykxrks-
la’kks/kdkph mn~fn”Vs] ekfgrh ladyu
ra=s] lk/kus] {ks=s bR;kfn vusd
izdkjP;k vk/kkjkoj la’kks/ku i/nrhus
oxhZdj.k djrk ;srs
la'kks/kukP;k izeq[k rhu i/nrh
vkgsr
la’kks/ku i/nrh

,frgkfld i/nrh o.kZukRed i/nrh

izk;ksfxd i/nrh

36
izLrqr la’kks/kukr izk;ksfxd i/nr okij.;kr
vkysyh vkgs- fof’k”V iz;ksx dsY;koj
miØe jkcfoY;koj ifjfLFkrhr dk; cny ?
kMsy gs izk;ksfxd i/nrhn~okjs ikfgys
tkrs- gh i/nr Hkfo”;dkGkph lacaf/kr
vkgs- fof’k”V fjrhus pykoj fu;a=.k
Bsowu dsysY;k iz;ksxkpk ifj.kke
R;kP;ke/;s laca/k izLFkkfir dj.;kpk iz;Ru
;k i/nrhn~okjs dsyk vkgs-

izLrqr la’kks/kukrhy leL;k o mn~fn”Vs

lqLi”V vkgsr- LFkkfud ifjfLFkrhrhy
leL;spk fopkj ;kr dsyk vkgs- leL;k
fujkdj.kklkBh dks.krh ifjfLFkrh visf{kr
vkgs ;kpk fopkj ;kiwohZ dj.;kr vkysY;k
vYila’kks/kukrwu dsyk vkgs- o leL;k
mdy dj.;klkBh dks.krs lk/ku mi;qDr
Bjsy ;kpk fopkj dsyk xsyk vkgs-

izk;ksfxd dkGkr ekfgrh eksB;k

iz’ukoyh] eqyk[kr lqph] iMrkGk lqph ;k
lk/kd laadfyr djrk vkyh- ;k i/nrhe/;s

37
ekfgrkps ladyu fo’ys”k.k o vFkZ
fo’ys”k.kkps fu”d”kZ vgoky bR;knh
loZ vko’;d ckchpk varZHkko vkgs-

38
3.2U;kn’kZ
‘kS{kf.kd la’kks/kukr U;kn’kZ eqyHkwr
vkgs- ‘kS{kf.kd leeL;sP;k vH;klkr laiw.kZ
tula[;sP;k vH;kl dj.ks ‘kD; ulrs- g;k laiw.kZ
tula[;sps izfrfuf/kRo d# ‘kd.kkÚ;k ,dk ygku
xVkP;k vH;klko#u laiw.kZ tula[;sP;k
izo`Rrhckcr iwokZuqeku dk<.ks vf/kd
lks;hLdj deh [kpkZps o deh Jekps djrk
;s.;klkj[ks dke vkgs

O;k[;k
^^tula[;sP;k rF;kfo”k;h iwokZuqeku
dj.;kdjhrk tula[;srwu fuoMysY;k O;Drh
fdaok oLrw ;kaP;k ygku lapkyk U;k;n’kZu
Eg.krkr**
¼eqGs o dqekBs 1977] i`”B 328½

3.2.1 U;k;n’kZukP;k ik;Ú;k

1- tula[;sph O;k[;k dj.ks
2- tula[;sph ;knh r;kj dj.ks
3- U;k;n’kZukpk izdkj Bjfo.ks
4- U;k;n’kZu feGo.ks

39
 U;kn’kZ fuoMhoj la’kks/kukps
fuoMhoj la’kks/kukps fu”d”kZ
voyacqu vlrkr- Eg.kwu
U;kn’kZukph fuoM ‘kkL=h; i/nrhus
djkoh ykxrs- v’kk ‘kkL=h; o
dkGthiqoZd fuoMysY;k
U;k;n’kZukeqGs fu”d”kZ
fo’oklkgZ feGrkr

3.2.2 U;kn’kZukps izdkj

U;kn’kZu

laHkkO;
vlaHkkO;

;kn`fPNd fu;ec/n cgqLrjh; Lrjh; xqPN

izkR;f{kd lgsrqd

izLrqr la’kks/kukr vlkaHkO;k

i/nrhrhy lgsrqd U;kn’kZu i/nrhpk
okij dsyk vkgs-
lgsrqd U;kn’kZu
la’kks/kukph mn~fn”Vs fopkjkr ?
ksÅu la’kks/ku tula[;srqu ikfgts
R;k ?kVdkph fuoM d#u R;kyk
lgsrqd uequk fuoM Eg.krkr-

40
 R;keqGs ueqU;koj la’kks/kdkps
iq.kZ fu;=a.k vlrs
lgsrqd U;kn’kZu i/nrhps Qk;ns
1- gk U;kn’kZu lgt miyC/k gksÅ
‘kdrks
2- la’kks/kd Lor%P;k lks;huqlkj
U;k;n’kZu fuoMrks
3- iz’kkldh; vMp.kh VkGrk ;srkr
4- FkksM;k osGkr NksV;k
U;k;n’kZukr la’kks/ku dk;Z iq.kZ
gksÅ ‘kdrs
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh fo|kF;kZaph
o ,d fo”k;kf’k{kd ;kaph U;k;n’kZu
Eg.kwu fuoM dsyh vkgs- gk
U;kn’kZ la’kks/kdkP;k leL;s’kh
lacaf/kr vlY;keqGs vlaHkkO;
U;k;n’kZu i/nrhrhy lgsrqd
U;k;n’kZu izdkj ;k la’kks/kuklkBh
fuoMyk vkgs-
3.3 ekfgrh ldyukph lk/kus

41
izR;sd la’kks/kd la’kks/ku leL;sph vko’;d
o mn~fn”Vkuq#i ekfgrh xksGk djrks-
R;klkBh la’kks/kdkyk fujfujkG;k ekfgrh
ladyukP;k lka/kukpk mi;ksx djkok
ykxrks- la’kks/kukr ifjdYiuk ekaMysY;k
vlrkr R;kps eqY;kadu d#u vafre fu”d”kZ
dk<.;klkBh fofo/k izdkjph ekfgrh o
vkdMsokjh vko’;d vlrs- ;k ekfgrh o
vkdMsokjhps ladyu T;k lka/kukn~okjs
dsys tkrs R;kauk la’kks/kukph lk/kus
Eg.krkr

3-3-1izLrqr la’kks/kukr okij.;kr

vkysyh lk/kus

izLrqr la’kks/kukr la’kks/kdkus

iz’ukoyh o lqph o eqyk[kr lwph ;k
lk/kukapk okij dsysyk vkgs

1-eqyk[kr lqph
^^fof’k”V fo”k;koj fuf’pr o
lgsrqd ?kMoqu vk.kysY;k
vukSipkfjd ‘kkfCnd izHkkoh

42
laokn Eg.kts eqyk[kr gks;**
¼ih-fOg-;ax½

^^dkgh eqn~n;koj fo’ks”k d#u

vkSipkfjd fopkj dj.;klkBh ,d=
vkysY;k O;Drhph leksjkleksjph
HksV Eg.kts eqyk[kr gks;**
¼vkWDl
QMZ½
eqyk[krhps xq.k
1- loZ izdkjP;k ekfgrhps ladyu
djrk ;srs-
2- [kktxh o O;Drhxr ekfgrhgh
feGork ;srs
3- Hkwrdkyhu ?kVukapk vH;kl
djrk ;srks-
4- yofpdrsus iz’ukapk Øe
cnY;kus eqyk[krdR;kZayk
Lokra«; feGrs
5- ekfgrh ikj[kwu ?ksrk ;srs

43
 6- fopkjkaps o Hkkoukaps
vknku iznku gksrs R;keqGs
ltho thoari.kk ;srks
7- iz’ukapk vFkZ Li”V d#u
lkaxrk ;srks

iz’ukoyhP;k e;kZnk
1- iwoZxzgkyk izHkko ‘kD;
vlrks- fuosndkps o eqyk[kr
dR;kZaps iwoZxzg eqyk[kr
dR;kZoj ifj.kke d# ‘kdrkr-
2- fuosndkyk Qkj Lokra«;
vlrks- rks ykac mRrjs nsÅ
‘kdrks-
3- fuosndkus fnysyh ekfgrh
fo’oklkgZ] izkekf.kd vlsyp
vls ukgh gh ekfgrh
ikj[kwu ?;koh ykxrs
4- fuosndkyk Lej.k’kDrhoj
folacwu jgkos ykxrs-
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh eqyk[kr ;k
ra=kpk okij d#u b-5oh P;k fo”k;
f’k{kdkaph eqyk[kr ?ksryh- gh

44
r;kjh djrkauk rsFkhy f’k{kd fo|
kF;kZaps vkjksX; lq/kkj.;klkBh dls
izR;u djrkr R;k lacaf/kr eqyk[kr
lqph r;kj dsyh- ;klkBh lanHkZ
iqLrd Eg.kwu vkjksX; f’k{k.k
¼fM-,M~ f}rh; o”kZ lqfopkj
izdk’ku ;kaps iqLrdkpk lanHkZ½
Eg.kqu okij dsyk vkgs-

fufj{k.k ra=
1- lksis ;a=
FkksM;k’kk izf’k{k.kkus vpwd
o lw{e fufj{k.k djrk ;srs
2- xqarkxqrhps lk/kus ukgh
fufj{k.kklkBh lrdZ Kkusafnz;s
o lksih votkjs ykxrkr- Qkj’kk
egkx tVhy lkexzhph xjt iMr
ukgh
3- rqyukRed Js”Bro
ftFks iz’ukoyh] eqyk[kr]
vuqlqph v’kh ra=s vlQy
gksrkr frFks gh ra=s mi;qDr

45
Bjrs- fuftZo fuj{kj] vlgdkjh vls
iz;qDr gh fufj{k.k ra= vlY;kus
la’kks/ku djrk ;srs

46
fufj{k.k ra=kP;k e;kZnk

1- ?kVuk fufj{k.k e;kZnk

fufj{k.kklkBh Lfky dkykps
ca/ku iMrs- fufj{k.k fo”k;
ve;kZn dkGkr ve;kZn LFkGkr
fo[kqjY;k rj R;kaps fufj{k.k
djrk ;sr ukgh-

2- dkye;kZnk
?kVuk ?kMrkukp fufj{k.k dsys
tkrs R;keqGs ?kVuk ?kMwu
xsY;koj fufj{k.k dqpdkeh Bjrs-
dkj.k ?kVuk ?kMrkauk
la’kks/ku rsFks vlsyp vls ukgh

3- vioknkRed Lo#i
orZukps fo’ys”k.k dj.ks
lkekftd ?kVukaps fufj{k.k
dj.ks R;kaP;k vfuf’pr
Lo#ikeqGs vo?kM vlrs-

4- O;fDrfu”Brk

47
 ifjfLFkrhpk vFkZ yko.ks gk
fufj{k.kkryk egRokpk Hkkx
vkgs- i.k ghp R;kph e;kZnk
gksrs- dkj.k O;Drh Lor%P;k
vuqHko dlsiqjrkp vFkZ ykorks-

3.4 ekfgrh fo’ys”k.kkph

la[;k’kkL=h; lk/kus
ekfgrh fo’ys”k.k dj.ks Eg.ktsp
dks”Vdkrhy ekfgrhpk vFkZ yko.;klkBh
Vddsokjh] lkj.kh] vkys[k ;klkj[;k ra=kpk
vk/kkj ?ks.ks
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh iMrkGk lqph ;k
la[;k’kkL=h; ra=kpk okij dsyk vkgs-

1-iMrkGk lqph
fo|kF;kZap;k vaxh vlysY;k xq.kkaph
vfHko`Rrh] vfrn{krk ;kpk fdrh fodkl
>kyk ;kph iMrkGk ikg.kh ;knh
Eg.kts iMrkGk lqph gks;-

48
2-VDdsokjh
la'kks/kdkus fo|kF;kZadMwu
feGoysY;k ekfgrhps Lo#i dls vkgs
gs ikg.;klkBh la’kks/kukr VDdsokjh
mi;ksx dsyk vkgs-

3-vkys[k
ekfgrhps oxhZdj.k dsys rjh rh
ekfgrh nqcksZ/k okVrs Eg.kwu rh
ekfgrh vpwd nk[kok;ph lnj
la’kks/kuklkBh LraHkkys[kkpk okij
dsyk

49
3.5 la’kks/kukph izR;{k dk;Zokgh
leL;k o mn~fn”V;s fuf’pr dsY;kuarj
la’kks/kdkus iq<hyizek.ks dk;Zokgh
dsyh

iwoZ pkp.kh
eq[;k/;kidkdMwu o f’k{kdkadMwu miØe
fufeZrhlkBh ijokuxh ?ksrY;kuarj b-5oh
e/khy fo|kF;kZaP;k vkjksX;fo”k;d
;s.kkÚ;k leL;sP;k lanHkkZr fLFkrh tk.kwu
?ks.;klkBh fufj{k.k ra=k}kjs iMrkGk
lqphpk okij d#u iwoZ pkp.khe/kwu
la’kks/ku fo”k;klaca/kh U;kn’kkZph
fuoM dsyh

miØe fufeZrh
U;kn’kkZn~okjs fuoMysY;k 20 fo|
kF;kZae/;s mn~fn”Vkuq#i cny ?kMowu
vk.k.;klkBh la’kksf/kdsus iq<hy
miØekpa vaeyctko.kh dsyh
miØe 1
vkjksX; fc?kkMkps dkj.k y{kkr vk.kwu
ns.ks izLrqr la’kks/kukr la’kksf/kdsus gk

50
miØe jkcforkauk loZ izFke fo|kF;kZauk
vkjksX; Eg.kts dk;\ vkjksX;kP;k rKkaP;k
O;k[;k letkowu fnY;k
vkjksX; fc?kkMkph dkj.ks iq<hyizek.ks
1- larqfyr vkgkjkpk vHkko
2- thoulRokpk vHkko
3- ‘kkfjfjd LoPnrspk vHkko
4- ifjlj LoPNrspk vHkko
miØe 2
vkjksX; pkaxys jk[k.;klkBh vkjksX;fo”k;d
ekfgrh ns.ks- vkjksX; pkaxys jk[k.;klkBh
fo|kF;kZaP;k vaxh dks.kR;k lo;h yko.ks
xjtsps vkgs rs lkafxrys-
1-oS;fDrd LoPNrk jk[k.ks
2-gkr#eky okij.ks
3-eyew= foltZukP;k ;ksX; lo;h yko.ks
4-‘olukP;k ;ksX; lo;h
5-fi.;kP;k ik.;kph LoPNrk jk[k.ks-

miØe 3
ifjlj LoPNrsps miØe jkcfo.ks- izLrqr
la’kks/kukr la’kksf/kdsus ‘kkys; ifjlj LoPN
d#u ?ksryk

51
miØe 4
MkWDVjkaps O;k[;ku vk;ksftr dj.ks
izLrqr la’kks/kukr la’kksf/kdsus fo|
kF;kZauk vkjksX;kps egRo iVowu
ns.;klkBh rlsp vktkjkaph y{k.ks
lkax.;klkBh R;koj ;ksX; mik;kaph ekfgrh
MkWDVjkauh fnyh
1-jksxkph y{k.ks
2- lalxZtU; jksx
3- jksxkaoj mik; lkax.ks

miØe 5
fofo/k ‘kS{kf.kd lk/kukn~okjs rDrs fp=s
v’kk lk/kukan~okjs fo|kF;kZauk
vkjksX;fo”k;d ekfgrh fnyh-
mRrj pkp.kh

miØe jkcfoY;kuarj fo|kF;kZae/;s >kysY;k

cnykaps izek.k tk.kwu ?ks.;klkBh
la’kksf/kdsus mRrj pkp.kh ?ksryh ;k
pkp.khuarj la’kksf/kdsP;k vls fun’kZukl
vkys dh] fo|kF;kZauk vkjksX;kps egRo
iVys-

52
 iwoZ pkp.kh o mRrj pkp.kh ;k nks?
kkaphgh rqyuk dsyh vlrk] fo|kF;kZaP;k
izxrhr y{k.kh; Qjd tk.koyk-

osGk i=d

v- miØe osG
Ø-
1 leL;k fuoM o ekfgrh ladyu 10 vkWxLV] 2010
2 d`rhla’kks/ku lanHkkZr 1 lIVscaj] 2010
ekxZn’kZu
3 ‘kkys; fufj{k.k iwoZ pkp.kh 17 lIVscaj rs 20
HksV lIVscj
4 dPps vgoky ys[ku 1 vkWDVkscj rs 15
vkWDVkscj
5 lanHkZ lkfgR;kpk vk<kok 16vkWDVkscj rs
31vkWDVkscj
6 miØekps fu;kstu o 04 uksOgscj]2011
dk;Zokgh
7 mRrj pkp.kh fu”d”kZ 07 uksOgscaj]2011
8 dPps vgoky ys[ku o vgoky 10 tkusokjh] 2011
nq#Lrh
9 vgoky egkfo|ky;kr lknj 10 ekpZ]2011

53
 izdj.k pkSFks
ekfgrhps ladyu
4.1ekfgrhps ladyu
frlÚ;k izdj.kkr la’kksf/kdsus la’kks/kuklkBh
fo|kF;kZaph leL;k y{kkr ?ksÅu visf{kr
mn~fn”Vs lk/; dj.;klkBh la’kks/ku vfHkdYi
o ladyukP;k izfo/kh b- xks”Vhapk ijke’kZ ?
ksryk vkgs- izLrqr izdj.kkr ladfyr ekfgrhps
fo’ys”k.k o vFkZfuoZpu dys vkgs- izLrqr
la’kks/kukps fu”d”kZ dk<.;klkBh fofo/k
lka/kukekQZr th ekfgrh xksGk dj.;kr vkyh
rh ;k izdj.kkr ekaMyh vkgs- R;k ekfgrhP;k
vk/kkjs fu”d”kkZizr iksgp.;klkBh vko’;d
vlysyh lkaf[;dh izfØ;k ;k izdj.kkr dj.;kr
vkyh vkgs-

loZ izFke la’kksf/kdsus ‘kkGsP;k eq[;k/;kid

vkf.k oxZf’k{kd o fo”k; f’k{kd ;kaP;k’kh
laidZ lk/kwu rsFkhy ‘kkGsP;k ifjljkps b-
4FkhP;k fo|kF;kZaps fufj{k.k dsys rlsp
rsFkhy f’k{kdkaph eqyk[kr ?ksryh o
R;ke/kwu fo|kF;kZae/;s gh leL;k tk.koyh

54
fo|kF;kZap;k leL;k tk.kwu ?ks.;klkBh ijhlj
vH;kl fo”k;karxZr fujh{k.k ra=kpk okij
d#u vls fun’kZukl vkys dh] fo|kF;kZae/;s
vkjksX;fo”k;d leL;k tk.kors- fo|kFkhZ Lor
%ps ‘kkfjfjd vkjksX; LoPN Bsor ukgh- ijhlj
vLoPN vlrks- vkjksX; fc?kkMkph dkj.ks
ekghr ukgh- fo|kF;kZaP;k ;k leL;k nwj
dj.;klkBh iq<hy miØe vk;ksftr dsys-
miØekaph ukos
1- vkjksX; fc?kkMkph dkj.ks y{kkr vk.kwu
ns.ks
2- vkjksX; pkaxys jk[k.;klkBh vkjksX;fo”k;d
ekfgrh ns.ks
3- ijhlj LoPNrsps miØe jkcfo.ks
4- MkWDVjkaps O;k[;ku vk;ksftr dj.ks
5- fofo/k lalxZtU; jksxkfo”k;h ekfgrh ns.ks

ojhy miØekaP;k vk;kstukuarj la’kksf/kdsus

iwoZ pkp.kh o mRrj pkp.kh ;kaph rqyuk
d#u iMrkGk lwph] fufj{k.k eqyk[kr ;k
ra=kpk mi;ksx d#u ekfgrhps ;ksX; fjrhus
ladyu dsys-

55
4.2 ekfgrhps fo’ys”k.k

dks”Vdkrhy ekfgrhpk vFkZ yko.;klkBh

Vddsokjh] ljkljh vkys[k ;klkj[;k
la[;k’kkL=h; ra=kpk vk/kkj ?;kok ykxrks]
R;kyk ekfgrhps fo’ys”k.k vls Eg.krkr

la’kksf/kdsus ekfgrh ladyuklkBh eqyk[kr

fufj{k.k iMrkGk lwph ;k lk/kukn~okjs fo|
kF;kZaph vfHkO;Drh tk.kwu ?ksryh-
la’kksf/kdsus izFke iwoZ pkp.kh ?ksryh
;ke/;s fun’kZukl vkysY;k leL;kaph iMrkGk
lqph iq<hyizek.ks

56
 rDrk Ø-1 iMrkGk lqph & iwoZpkp.kh

Ø vkjksX;fo”k;d leL;k
-
1 vkjksX; fc?kkMkph dkj.ks
lkax.ks
2 vkjksX;fo”k;h ekfgrh ns.ks
3 ifjlj LoPNrsP;k miØekr
lgHkkxh gks.ks
4 MksG;kaph LoPNrk jk[k.ks
5 LoPN fuVusVds diMs ?kky.ks
6 jkst vka?kksG dj.ks] u[ks o
dsl dki.ks
7 ‘kkfjfjd LoPNrk jk[k.ks

v- fo|kF;kZaph vkjks vkjksX; vkjksX LoPNr MksG; LoPN ‘kkfjfj

Ø ukos X; fc? fc? ; sP;k kaph diMs ? d
kkMk kkMkp fo”k;h miØek fuxk kky.ks LoPNr
ph h ekfgrh r jk[k.ks k
dkj.ks dkj.ks ns.k lgHkk jk[k.ks
lakxk lakxk x
g uk gs uk gk uk gs uk g uk gs uk g uk
s g k; gh s; gh k; gh ks gh k; gh ks gh
k; h ; ;
1 Hkxr oS’kkyh              
xksikG
2 fctxqMs              
uezrk lat;
3 HkaMkjh              
dksey ukuk
4 HkksbZj              
efgek jfoanz
5 HkksbZj fu’kk              

57
 larks”k
6 pkan.ks vkjrh              
fHkdk
7 pOgk.k              
vf’ouh fd’kksj
8 pksGsdj jfouk              
izdk’k
9 pksGsdj              
#fprk dUgS;k
10 pksGsdj              
d`frdk fot;
11 nGoh iz.kkyh              
tkuw
12 xk;dokM              
lk;yh larks”k
13 xk;dokM              
o`”kkyh jes’k
14 pkS/kjh #fpjk              
v’kksd
15 xksrekjs              
fiz;adk fnyhi
16 tk/ko dkapu              
eksgu
17 tk/ko rsty              
lqjs’k
18 tk/ko usgk              
uanw
19 dsnkj fiz;k              
fnid
20 dqjs'kh              
uktuhu
eqDdnj
21 [kkdjs dksey              
lek/kku
22 [kkMhd              
dksey nRrk
23 felkG              
vafdrk ;’koar
24 fude ,s’o;kZ              

58
 lfpu
25 izfo.k v’kksd              
ikVhy
26 dksYgsdj              
jksfgr fo”.kw
27 ikVhy Lojkt              
28 v{k; nxMw              
f’kans
29 rq"kkj panj              
f’kdsZ
30 lkghy              
lksuVDds
31 lehj ‘ks[k              
32 luh nRrk              
js.kwds

59
 ojhy VDdsokjhpk vkys[k iq<hyizek.ks

v'kkizdkjs la’kksf/kdsus iwoZ fufj{k.kkrhy

n[ky ?ksÅu miØe jkcfoys-

mRrj dlksVh
iwoZ pkp.khrwu leL;k tk.koY;kuarj la’kksf/kdsus uarj miØe jkcfoys o R;k
miØekrwu leL;k deh >kyh fdaok ukgh gs ikg.;klkBh la’kksf/kdsus mRrj
pkp.kh ?ksryh R;kph fuIirh iq<hyizek.ks
v- fo|kF;kZaph vkjks vkjksX vkjksX LoPNr MksG; LoPN ‘kkfjfj
Ø ukos X; fc? ; fc? ; sP;k kaph diMs ? d
kkMk kkMkp fo”k;h miØek fuxk kky.ks LoPNr
ph h ekfgrh r jk[k.k k
dkj.ks dkj.ks ns.k lgHkk s jk[k.ks
lakxk lakxk x
g uk gs uk gk uk gs uk g uk gs uk g uk
s g k; gh s; gh k; gh ks gh k; gh ks gh
k; h ; ;
1 Hkxr oS’kkyh              
xksikG
2 fctxqMs uezrk              
lat;
3 HkaMkjh dksey              
ukuk
4 HkksbZj efgek              

60
 jfoanz
5 HkksbZj fu’kk              
larks”k
6 pkan.ks vkjrh              
fHkdk
7 pOgk.k vf’ouh              
fd’kksj

8 pksGsdj jfouk              
izdk’k
9 pksGsdj #fprk              
dUgS;k
10 pksGsdj d`frdk              
fot;
11 nGoh iz.kkyh              
tkuw
12 xk;dokM lk;yh              
larks”k
13 xk;dokM              
o`”kkyh jes’k
14 pkS/kjh #fpjk              
v’kksd
15 xksrekjs fiz;adk              
fnyhi
16 tk/ko dkapu              
eksgu
17 tk/ko rsty lqjs’k              

18 izfo.k v’kksd              
ikVhy
19 dksYgsdj jksfgr              
fo”.kw
20 ikVhy Lojkt              

21 v{k; nxMw              
f’kans
22 rq"kkj panj              
f’kdsZ
23 lkghy lksuVDds              

24 lehj ‘ks[k              

61
25 luh nRrk              
js.kwds
26 ikVhy ladrs              

27 cfgjs iznhi              
n’kjFk

62
 rDrk Ø-4
fo/ fo|kFkh izfrlkn VDds gks;
kk la[;k okjh @ukg
u h
1 20 19 01 95 % -5 %
2 20 20 00 100 % 0 %
3 20 20 00 100 % 0 %
4 20 19 01 95 % -5 %
5 20 20 00 100 % 0 %
6 20 20 00 100 % 0 %
7 20 20 00 100 % 0 %

iwoZ pkp.khe/;s vkjksX;fo”k;h fo|kFkhZ

tkLrhr tkLr fu”dkGthi.kk djrkr- ijarq miØe
jkcfoY;kuarj rDrk Ø-4 o#u vls fnlwu ;srs
dh] fo|kFkhZ vkjksX; pkaxys Bsorkr- ojhy
VDdsokjhpk vkys[k iq<hyizek.ks

63
 iwoZpkp.kh o mRrjpkp.kh rqyuk rDrk
fo| iwoZ mRrj iwoZ mRrj
kFkh pkp.kh pkp.kh pkp.kh pkp.kh
Z fo|kFkhZ fo| VDdso VDdsokj
fo/kk la[;k kFkhZ kjh h
u la[;k
1 40 20 75 95
2 40 20 85 100
3 40 20 75 100
4 40 20 70 100
5 40 20 80 100
6 40 20 75 100
7 40 20 80 100
ojhy rdR;ko#u vls fun’kZukl ;srs dh] iwoZ
pkp.khis{kk mRrj pkp.khph Vddsokjh
lokZf/kd vkgs Eg.kts jkcfoysY;k miØek}kjs
fo|kF;kZae/;s ifjlj vH;kl fo”k;ke/;s ldkjkRed
ifj.kke fnlwu vkyk- rks iq<hy
vkys[kkizek.ks

lnj vkys[kko#u vls fun’kZukl ;srs dh]

fo/kku Ø-1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7 ;ke/khy loZp
fo/kkukph iwoZpkp.khis{kk mRrj pkp.khr
pkaxyh izxrh >kyh-

64
rDrk Ø-2
ojhy iMrkGk lqpho#u la’kksf/kdsus fo|kF;kZaP;k ,dw.k la[;kiSdh fdrh VDds
fo|kFkhZ vkjksX; uhVusVds Bsorkr rs ikg.;klkBh VDdsokjh dk<yh vkgs rh
iq<hyizek.ks

fo/kk fo| izfrlkn VDdsokjh

uØ kFkhZ gk ukgh gks; ukg
la[;k s; h
1 40 30 10 75 25
2 40 32 06 80 20
3 40 30 10 75 25
4 40 28 10 70 30
5 40 32 08 80 20
6 40 30 01 75 25
7 40 32 08 80 20
1- ojhy rdR;ko#u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] fo/kku
¼1½ e/;s 25 fo|kF;kZauk leL;k ;srkr
2- fo/kku 2 e/;s 20VDds fo|kF;kZauk
leL;k ;srkr
3- fo/kku 3 e/;s 25VDds fo|kF;kZauk
leL;k ;srkr

65
 4- fo/kku 4 e/;s 30VDds fo|kF;kZauk
leL;k ;srkr
5- fo/kku 5 e/;s 20VDds fo|kF;kZauk
leL;k ;srkr
6- fo/kku 6 e/;s 25VDds fo|kF;kZauk
leL;k ;srkr
7- fo/kku 7 e/;s 20VDds fo|kF;kZauk
leL;k ;srkr

ojhy rdR;ko#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] 25VDds

fo|kF;kZapk izfrlkn vk<Gr ukgh
4.3ekfgrhps vFkZfuoZpu
iwoZpkp.kh
1- rDrk Ø-1
;k rDR;ko#u la’kks/kdkl gs tk.kors dh]
fo/kku Ø-1 e/;s 30 fo|kF;kZauh cjkscj
lkafxrys o 10 fo|kF;kZauh lkafxrysp
ukgh- fo/kku Ø-2 e/;s 32 fo|kF;kZauh
cjkscj lkafxrys- ek= 8 fon~;kF;kZauk
lkaxrk vkys ukgh- fo/kku Ø-3 e/;s 10
fo|kF;kZauk lkaxrk vkys ukgh rj fo/kku
4e/;s 12 fo|kFkhZ ‘kkfjfjd LoPNrk jk[krk
;sr ukgh- fo/kku Ø-6 e/;s 10 o fo/kku Ø-

66
 7 e/;s 8 fo|kFkhZ vkjksX; pkaxys Bsor
ukgh-
2- rDrk Ø-2
;k rdR;ke/;s la’kksf/kdsus rDrk Ø-1 P;k
iMrkGk lqphph Vddsokjh dk<yh
vkgs- ;ke/;s vls fun’kZukl vkys dh] Ø-
1]2]3]4]5]7 e/;s ekfgrh lkafxrysyh
VDdsokjh vuqØes
75]80]75]70]80]75]70 v’kh vk<Grs o
vkRelkr u dssysyh VDdsokjh
25]20]25]30]20]20 ,o<h vkgs-
3- vkys[k Ø-1
vkys[k Ø-1 e/;s ojhy loZ ekfgrh ,dk
n`”Vh{ksikr feGsy v’kh ekaM.kh dsyh
vkgs-
mRrjpkp.kh
1- rDrk Ø-3 ;k rdR;ko#u vls fun’kZukl
vkys dh] fo/kku Ø- 2]3]5]6]7 ;ke/;s loZ
fo|kF;kZauh 100VDds ekfgrh vkRelkr
dsyh vkgs- fo/kku Ø- 1 o 4 e/;s 95VDds
ekfgrh lkafxryh vkgs-
2- rDrk Ø-4 ;k rdR;ko#u la’kks/kdkl vls
fun’kZukl vkys dh] fo/kku 2]3]5]6]7

67
 ;kauh 100VDds ekfgrh vkRelkr dsyh
vkgs- fo/kku 1e/;s 95VDds
vkjksX;fo”k;d ekfgrh vkRelkr dsyh
vkgs-
3- vkys[k Ø-2
vkys[k Ø-2 e/;s vls fun’kZukl vkys dh]
ojhy loZ ekfgrh ,dk n`f”V{ksikr feGsy
v’kh ekaM.kh dsyh vkgs-
iwoZ pkp.kh o mRrj pkp.kh rqyuk
1- rDrk 5
;k rdR;ko#u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] iwoZ
fufj{k.kkr o mRrj fufj{k.kkr fo|kF;kZauk
izfrlkn gks; fdaok ukgh ;kaph VDdsokjh
fnyh vkgs ;k rdR;kps fufj{k.k dsy;kl
iwoZ pkp.khis{kk mRrj pkp.khph
VDdsokjh vf/kd vkgs
2- vkys[k Ø-3
vkys[k Ø-3 o#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] ojhy
loZ ekfgrh ¼iqoZ pkp.kh o mRrj
pkp.kh rqyuk ½ ,dk n`f”V{ksikr feGsy
v’kh ekaM.kh dsyh vkgs- iwoZ pkp.kh
o mRrj pkp.kh ;kaP;k VDdsokjh ;k
vkys[kko#u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] iwoZ

68
pkp.khe/;s gks.kkÚ;k pqdk mRrj
pkp.khe/;s nwj >kY;k- 100VDds fo|
kF;kZaps vkjksX; lq/kkjsy- ;ko#u
lacaf/kr d`rh la’kks/kukrhy
mn~fn”Vkai;Zar tk.;kl vk[kysyh fn’kk
lkFkZ Bjrs gs jkcfoysY;k miØekps
ldkjkRed Qyhr vkgs-

69
 izdj.k ikpos
lkjka’k] fu”d”kZ o f’kQkj’kh
5-1 izLrkouk
If wealth is lost
Something is lost
But health is lost
Everything is lost

^^vkjksX; Eg.kts dsoG jksx fdaok v’kDrrk

;kapk vHkko uOgs rj laiw.kZ ‘kkfjfjd o
ekufld lkekftd lqfLFkrh**

vkjksX; gh lq[kh thoukph xq#fdYyh vkgs-

vkjksX; laiknu dj.ks gk izR;sd ek.klkpk
ewyHkwr gDd vkgs- izR;sd O;Drhyk Lor
%P;k fodklklkBh lqn`< o fudksi eukph xjt
vlrs- R;klkBh lqn`< o fudksi ‘kjhjkph xjt
vlrs- ijarq l|k ek= O;Drhyk vkiY;k
‘kjhjkdMs ikg.;klkBh osG ukgh- ;k
lax.kdkP;k ;qxkr ekuo vkiY;k ‘kjhjkyk iqjslk
O;k;ke] iqjs’kk gkypkyhns[khy d# ‘kdr
ukgh rlsp vkiY;k ifjlj LoPN o uhVusVds

70
Bso.ks gs ns[khy vkjksX;klkBh egRokps
vkgs

fuf’pr leL;k
^^Kkuke`r fo|ky; vacjukFk ;sFkhy
‘kkGsrhy b-5ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k
vkjksX;fo”k;d ;s.kkÚ;k leL;k nwj dj.;klkBh
miØekps vk;kstu
O;kIrh o e;kZnk
1- ftYgk & Bk.ks ftYg;kiqjrs e;kZfnr
2- rkyqdk & vacjukFk
3- ‘kgj & vacjukFk
4- ‘kkGk & Kkuke`r fo|ky;
5- b;Rrk & 5oh
6- fo”k; & vkjksX;fo”k;d leL;k
7- ‘kS{kf.kd o”kZ & 2010 & 2011

e;kZnk
lnj la’kks/ku Kkuke`r fo|ky;krhy b-5oh P;k
20 fo|kF;kZaiqjrs e;kZfnr vkgs

mfn~n”V;s

71
1- b-5ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k vkjksX;fo”k;d
leL;k ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
2- b-5ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k vkjksX;kckcr
fuekZ.k gks.kkÚ;k leL;k ekxP;k
dkj.kkapk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks
3- b-5ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k vkjksX;fo”k;d
leL;k nqj dj.;klkBh fofo/k miØe jkcfo.ks
4- b-5ohP;k fo|kF;kZaP;k vkjksX;fo”k;d
jkcfoysY;k miØekaph ifj.kkedkjdrk
vH;k.ks

72
la’kks/kukph dk;Zi/nrh

1-U;kn’kZ
lnj la’kks/kukr fo”k; y{kkr ?ksrY;kuarj
20 fo|kF;kZapk U;kn’kZ fuoMyk

2-i/nrh
izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh izk;ksfxd i/nrh
okij.;kr vkyh vkgs

3-uequk fuoM
lnj la’kks/kuklkBh lgsrqd U;kn’kZ
fuoM.;kr vkyk vkgs-

4-ekfgrh ladyukph lk/kus

izLrqr la’kks/kuklkBh eqyk[kr o fufj{k.k
ra= ;k lka/kukpk okij dj.;kr vkyk vkgs-

5-dk;Zokgh
la’kksf/kdsus loZizFke ‘kkGsrhy
eq[;k/;kidkaph ijokuxh ?ksÅu
f’k{kdkaph HksV ?ksryh o brj
la’kks/kdkyk miØefufeZrhlkBh ijokuxh
feGkY;koj b-5ohP;k fo|kF;kZaoj
fo”k;klanHkkZr fLFkrh tk.kwu ?ks.;klkBh

73
 iwoZ fufj{k.k dsys- iwoZ fufj{k.kkrwu
la’kks/ku fo”k;klanHkkZr U;kn’kkZph
fuoM dsyh- U;kn’kkZn~okjs fuoMysY;k
fo|kF;kZaps mfn~n”Vkuqlkj cny ?kMoqu
vk.k.;klkBh iq<hy miØekaph
vaeyctko.kh dsyh-

v- vkjksX; fc?kkMkph dkj.ks y{kkr

vk.kwu ns.ks
c- vkjksX; pkaxys jk[k.;klkBh
vkjksX;fo”k;d ekfgrh ns.ks
d- ijhlj LoPNrspk miØe jkco.ks
M- lax.kdk}kjs vkjksX;fo”k;d LykbZMl
nk[kfo.ks
b- MkWDVjkaps O;k[;ku vk;ksftr dj.ks
bZ- fofo/k lalxZtU; jksxkafo”k;h ekghrh
ns.ks
5-2 fu”d”kZ
1- fo|kF;kZaP;k vkjksX;fo”k;dP;k leL;kapk
‘kks/k ?ksrk vkyk
2- vkjksX; fc?kkMkph dkj.ks fo|kF;kZaP;k
y{kkr vkyh

74
 3- pkaxY;k vkjksX;kph ekfgrh feGkY;keqGs
fo|kFkhZ Lor%ps vkjksX; uhVusVds
jk[kw ykxys
4- fo|kFkhZ ifjlj LoPNrsP;k miØekr lgHkkxh
>kys
5- fo|kFkhZ ifjlj LoPNrsP;k miØekr lgHkkxh
>kys
6- fo|kFkhZ ‘kkfjfjd LoPNrk Bsorkr

5-3 f’kQkj’kh
5.3.1 eq[;k/;kidaklkBh f’kQkj’kh
1-izR;sd o”khZ fØMk Li/ksZps
vk;kstu dj.ks
2-nj lgk efgU;kauh vkjksX;
fpfdRld] us=fpfdRld dk;ZØe
Bso.ks
3-;ksx f’k{kdk}kjs fo|kF;kZauk
;ksxkps egRo iVowu ns.ks
4-fo|kF;kZaps ‘kkfjfjd rikl.khps
f’kfcj Bso.ks
5-b-5ohP;k oxkZizek.ks brj
oxkZlkBh ;k miØekph ;kstuk
dj.ks

75
5.3.2 f’k{kdkalkBh f’kQkj’kh
1-fo|kF;kZaph njjkst vkjksX;
rikl.kh dj.ks
2-fo|kF;kZadMwu njjkst oxZ LoPN]
fØMkax.k LoPNrk] ifjlj LoPN d#u
?ks.ks
3-fo|kF;kZauk ldl iks”kd vkgkjkph
ekfgrh ns.ks-
5.3.3 fo|kF;kZalkBh f’kQkj’kh
1- njjkst O;k;ke dj.ks
2- ‘kkfjfjd LoPNrk Bso.ks
3- ifjlj LoPN Bso.ks
4- nj efgU;kyk vkjksX; rikl.kh dj.ks

5.3.4 la’kks/kukph brj f’k{kdkalkBh

mi;ksfxrk
izR;sd d`rh la’kks/ku gs uarj
gks.kkÚ;k la’kks/kuklkBh
ekxZn’kZd B# ‘kdrs lnj
la’kks/kukn~okjs
1- vkiY;kyk vk.k[kh dks.krs miØe
jkcfork ;srhy ;kpk fopkj

76
 dj.;klkBh ;k izdYikrqu izsj.kk
feGrs
2- ;k leL;sps vk.k[kh dks.kR;k
vMp.kh ;srkr ;klaca/kh ekfgrh
gksbZy
3- ;k izca/kkn~okjs la’kksf/kdsyk
vkysY;k vMp.khaoj
la’kksf/kdsus dsysy;k
mik;;kstuk vU; f’k{kdkauk
R;kaP;k leL;syk mi;ksxh iMrhy

5.3.5 iq<hy la’kks/kuklkBh lqpuk

1- ifjlj LoPNrsckcr ;s.kkÚ;k
vMp.khoj miØekaps vk;kstu
djrk ;s.ks ‘kD; gksbZy
2- eksB;k oxkZlkBh ns[khy leL;k
fuoMrk ;sbZy
3- la’kksf/kdkus dsysys la’kks/ku
gs QDr Kkuke`r fo|ky;kiqjrs
e;kZfnr vkgs ijarq ;k fo”k;kyk
vuql#u brj ‘kkGsr ns[khy v’kk
izdkjps la’kks/ku djrk ;sbZy

77
4- lnj la’kks/ku gs vkjksX;
fo”k;d ;s.kkÚ;k fo|kF;kZaP;k
leL;akoj dsysys vkgs rlsp vusd
nqlÚ;k fo|kF;kZauk ;s.kkÚ;k
leL;k lksMfo.;klkBhgh ;k
la’kks/kukpk mi;ksx gksbZy
5- gs la’kks/ku b-5ohP;k oxkZoj
>kysys vkgs gs la’kks/ku brj
oxkZojgh djrk ;sbZy
6- izLrqr la’kks/ku gs ‘kgjh
Hkkxkrhy vkgs rs rqEgh
xzkeh.k Hkkxkrgh jkcow ‘kdrk

78
 iwoZ pkp.kh fufj{k.k lwwph
v- fo|kF;kZaph vkjks vkjksX vkjksX LoPNr MksG; LoPN ‘kkfjfj
Ø ukos X; fc? ; fc? ; sP;k kaph diMs ? d
kkMk kkMkp fo”k;h miØek fuxk kky.ks LoPNr
ph h ekfgrh r jk[k.k k
dkj.ks dkj.ks ns.k lgHkk s jk[k.k
lakxk lakxk x s
g uk gs uk gk uk gs uk g uk g uk g uk
s g k; gh s; gh k; gh ks gh sk gh ks gh
k; h ; ; ;
1 Hkxr oS’kkyh 
xksikG
2 fctxqMs uezrk
lat;
3 HkaMkjh dksey
ukuk
4 HkksbZj efgek
jfoanz
5 HkksbZj fu’kk
larks”k
6 pkan.ks vkjrh
fHkdk
7 pOgk.k vf’ouh
fd’kksj
8 pksGsdj jfouk
izdk’k
9 pksGsdj #fprk
dUgS;k
10 pksGsdj d`frdk
fot;
11 nGoh iz.kkyh
tkuw
12 xk;dokM lk;yh
larks”k
13 xk;dokM
o`”kkyh jes’k
14 pkS/kjh #fpjk
v’kksd
15 xksrekjs
fiz;adk fnyhi
16 tk/ko dkapu
eksgu
17 tk/ko rsty
lqjs’k
18 tk/ko usgk
uanw
19 dsnkj fiz;k fnid

79
20 dqjs'kh uktuhu
eqDdnj
21 [kkdjs dksey
lek/kku
22 [kkMhd dksey
nRrk
23 felkG
vafdrk ;’koar
24 fude ,s’o;kZ
lfpu
25 izfo.k v’kksd
ikVhy
26 dksYgsdj jksfgr
fo”.kw
27 ikVhy Lojkt
28 v{k; nxMw
f’kans
29 rq"kkj panj
f’kdsZ
30 lkghy
lksuVDds
31 lehj ‘ks[k
32 luh nRrk
js.kwds

80
 mRrj fufj{k.k lwph
v- fo|kF;kZaph vkjks vkjksX vkjksX LoPNr MksG; LoPN ‘kkfjfj
Ø ukos X; fc? ; fc? ; sP;k kaph diMs ? d
kkMk kkMkp fo”k;h miØek fuxk kky.ks LoPNr
ph h ekfgrh r jk[k.k k
dkj.ks dkj.ks ns.k lgHkk s jk[k.k
lakxk lakxk x s
g uk gs uk gk uk gs uk g uk gs uk g uk
s g k; gh s; gh k; gh ks gh k; gh ks gh
k; h ; ;
1 Hkxr oS’kkyh              
xksikG
2 fctxqMs uezrk              
lat;
3 HkaMkjh dksey              
ukuk
4 HkksbZj efgek              
jfoanz
5 HkksbZj fu’kk              
larks”k
6 pkan.ks vkjrh              
fHkdk
7 pOgk.k vf’ouh              
fd’kksj
8 pksGsdj jfouk              
izdk’k
9 pksGsdj #fprk              
dUgS;k
10 pksGsdj d`frdk              
fot;
11 nGoh iz.kkyh              
tkuw
12 xk;dokM lk;yh              
larks”k
13 xk;dokM              
o`”kkyh jes’k
14 pkS/kjh #fpjk              
v’kksd
15 xksrekjs fiz;adk              
fnyhi
16 tk/ko dkapu              
eksgu
17 tk/ko rsty lqjs’k              
18 izfo.k v’kksd              
ikVhy

81
19 dksYgsdj jksfgr              
fo”.kw
20 ikVhy Lojkt              
21 v{k; nxMw              
f’kans
22 rq"kkj panj              
f’kdsZ
23 lkghy lksuVDds              
24 lehj ‘ks[k              
25 luh nRrk              
js.kwds
26 ikVhy ladrs              
27 cfgjs iznhi              
n’kjFk

82
 eqyk[kr lwph ¼f’k{kdkaph½

1- rqeps uko dk;\

2- rqeph ‘kS{kf.kd vgZrk fdrh vkgs\
3- rqEgh dks.kR;k lkykiklqu ;k ‘kkGsr dk;Zjr
vkgkr\
4- rqepk b-5ohyk f’kdo.;kpk fdrh o”kkZpk
vuqHko vkgs\
5- rqEgkyk fo|kF;kZauk ^ifjlj vH;kl* gk fo”k;
f’kdorkauk dks.kR;k vMp.kh ;srkr\
6- fo|kFkhZ rqeP;k v/;kiukyk fdrh izfrlkn
nsrkr\
7- fo|kF;kZeqGs vkjksX;fo”k;d leL;k tk.kor
vlY;kus rqEgh R;kauk d’kkizdkjs
ekxZn’kZu djrk\
8- fo|kF;kZauk ;k leL;siklqu nqj dj.;klkBh
rqEgh dkgh miØe jkcforkr dk\
9- fo|kF;kZar vkjksX;fo”k;d tkx`rrk fuekZ.k
gks.;klkBh rqEgh ^vkjksX;fnu* lktjk djrk
dk\
10- rqEgh fo|kF;kZaph vkjksX; rikl.kh djrk
dk\

83
11- fo|kF;kZaph ‘kkfjfjd LoPNrk jkstP;k
jkst rikl.kh dsyh dk\
12- vkjksX; rikl.kh o”kkZrqu fdrh osGk
djrkr\
13- ;ke/;s lokZf/kd fo|kF;kZe/;s
vkjksX;fo”k;d dks.krh leL;k tk.kors\
14- ;klkBh rqEgh fo|kF;kZauk dks.krs
ekxZn’kZu djrk\
15- vkjksX;fo”k;d Kku v|kor Bso.;klkBh
rqEgh dks.kdks.krs iz;Ru djrk\

miØekaph ;knh

1- vkjksX; fc?kkMkph dkj.ks y{kkr vk.kwu

ns.ks
2- vkjksX; pkaxys jk[k.;klkBh vkjksX;fo”k;d
ekfgrh ns.ks
3- ifjlj LoPNrsps miØe jkcfo.ks
4- MkWDVjkaps O;k[;ku vk;ksftr dj.ks
5- fofo/k lalxZtU; jksxkfo”k;h ekfgrh ns.ks
6- fofo/k fp=s rDrs nk[kowu fofo/k
vktkjkafo”k;h ekfgrh ns.ks

84
85
 mRrj lqph
1- Jh- fOg-,u-tks’kh
2- ch-,-] ch-,M~
3- 18 tqu] 1996
4- 2 o”kZ
5- vMp.kh FkksM;k izek.kkr tk.korkr- fo|
kFkhZ njjkst vkiY;k ‘kkfjfjd LoPNrsfo”k;h
ekfgrh tk.kqu ?ksr ukgh
6- pkaxY;k izek.kkr nsrkr
7- u[ks dki.ks] dsl dki.ks ;kalkj[;k xks”Vh
iqUgk iqUgk lkaxkO;k ykxrkr- iks”kd
vkgkjkckcr ekfgrh ns.ks
8- ‘kkfjfjd vo;okph ekfgrh fp=k}kjs fo|
kF;kZauk ‘kkfjfjd vo;okph ekfgrh]
[ksGk}kjs ‘kjhjkph ekfgrh
9- gks;
10- nj ‘kfuokjh vkjksX; rikl.kh dsyh tkrs
11- gks;
12- nj lgk efgU;kauh v’kh o”kkZrqu
nksunk gksrs
13- diMs vLoPN vl.ks] u[ks o dsl dki.ks

86
14- R;klkBh fo|kF;kZauk ‘kkfjfjd
LoPNrsfo”k;h ekfgrh nsrkr
15- fo|kF;kZauk vkjksX; lq/kkj.;klkBh
miØe jkcow

87
 iwoZ miØe vkdMsokjh rDrk

fo/kk fo| izfrlkn VDdsokjh

uØ kFkhZ gk ukgh gks; ukg
la[;k s; h
1 40 30 10 75 25
2 40 32 06 80 20
3 40 30 10 75 25
4 40 28 10 70 30
5 40 32 08 80 20
6 40 30 01 75 25
7 40 32 08 80 20

mRrj miØe Vddsokjh rDrk

fo/kk fo| izfrlkn VDdsokjh

uØ kFkhZ gk ukgh gks; ukg
la[;k s; h
1 20 19 01 95 5
2 20 20 00 100
3 20 20 00 100
4 20 20 00 100
5 20 20 00 100
6 20 20 00 100
7 20 20 00 100

88
 la'kks/kukrhy tula[;k ¼U;kn’kZ½
v-Ø fo|kF;kZaph ukos
1 Hkxr oS’kkyh xksikG
2 fctxqMs uezrk lat;
3 HkaMkjh dksey ukuk
4 HkksbZj efgek jfoanz
5 HkksbZj fu’kk larks”k
6 pkan.ks vkjrh fHkdk
7 pOgk.k vf’ouh fd’kksj
8 pksGsdj jfouk izdk’k
9 pksGsdj #fprk dUgS;k
10 pksGsdj d`frdk fot;
11 nGoh iz.kkyh tkuw
12 xk;dokM lk;yh larks”k
13 xk;dokM o`”kkyh jes’k
14 pkS/kjh #fpjk v’kksd
15 xksrekjs fiz;adk fnyhi
16 tk/ko dkapu eksgu
17 tk/ko rsty lqjs’k
18 izfo.k v’kksd ikVhy
19 dksYgsdj jksfgr fo”.kw
20 ikVhy Lojkt
21 v{k; nxMw f’kans
22 rq"kkj panj f’kdsZ
23 lkghy lksuVDds
24 lehj ‘ks[k
25 luh nRrk js.kwds
26 ikVhy ladrs
27 cfgjs iznhi n’kjFk

89
v’kk izdkjs la’kksf/kdsus la’kk/kuklkBh
20 U;kn’kZ fuoMysys vkgsr

90
iwoZ pkp.kh fufj{k.kkpk vkys[k

mRrj pkp.kh fufj{k.k vkys[k

91