ChE 120B

Example of Heat Exchange

o
99 F

Benzene o
o
180 F 100 F
7500 lb/hr

o
70 F
5 ft/s
Water
Inside pipe is schedule 40, 1 ¼ inches steel
Outside diameter is 1.66 inches = .138 ft
Inside diameter is 1.38 inches = .115 ft
Area for flow is .0104 ft2

Outside pipe is 2 inches, schedule 40 steel pipe

Inside diameter is 2.07 inches = .172 ft

Design Equations

Q  U 0 A0 Tln
Q  wc C p Tc ,1  Tc ,2   wh C p Th ,1  Th ,2 
c h

Express A0  2 r0 L and A0 / L  2 r0

We need to estimate U 0 , which is given by

1
1  1 ln r0 / ri 1 
U0     
r0  r0 h0 K ri hi 

Can be written as

1
 
A0  1 ln  r0 / ri  1 
U0     
L  h0 A0 2 K hi Ai / L 
 L 

15 - 1
 ChE 120B
2) We need to evaluate hi , h0 to evaluate U 0
180  100
Tm   140 Evaluate properties at near temperature.
2

lb m Btu
b  52.3 K b  .085
ft 3 hr ft F
b  .39 C p  2.6 x 104 lb m /ft-s
 8.1 x 106 lb f  s/ft 2
 32 ft lb f 
 related by g c  2 
 s lb m 

Btu
C pb  .45
lb m F
C pb b  Btu   4 lb m 
pr  5  .45    2.6 x 10 
Kb  lb m F   ft-s 
Btu hr
.085 
hr ft F 3600s
4.96 careful with units

lb m lb
w  7500  2.08 m
hr s
 Di2 bU b Di
w U b b , Re 
4 

w w
 Di2  Di2 Di
 U b b , Re 
4 4 

4w
Re 
 Di 

lb m
4  2.08
Re  s  8.9 x 104
lb m
  .115ft 2.6 x 104
ft-s

15 - 2
 ChE 120B
For turbulent flow, estimate the inside hi with
cooling
↓
hi Di
Nu   .023Re0.8 Pr.3
Kb
 .023  8.9 x 104   4.96 
.8 .3
 339

 339   .085
Btu 
 339  Kb 
 hr ft F  Btu
hi    250
Di .115 ft hr ft F

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Ai / L   Di  .361 ft 2 /ft so.......

Often a good way to see where biggest resistance might be.

↓
1
 hi Ai  1 hr ft F
    250 .361   .011
 L  Btu
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Now for h0 - flow in annulus. It has been found that the general equations for
pipe flow work with diameter in N u and Re replaced by an equivalent or hydraulic
diameter. The hydraulic diameter

4  cross sectional area for flow

Dhyd 
wetted perimeter
for an annulus, which is typical for double pipe heat exchangers

  Di ,02  D0,2i  / 4
Dhyd  4
  Di ,0  D0,i 

Dhyd , annulus  Di ,0 D0,i  .172 ft  .138 ft

 .034 ft
 inside diameter of outside pipe -
outside diameter of inside pipe

15 - 3
 ChE 120B
We need to evaluate material parameters, so we need outlet water temperature

|  wC p T b |  |  wC p T  |water

ww 
4
D 2
i ,0  D0,i2    w U w



4
.172 2 2

 .138  ft 2  62.4
lb m
ft 3
 5ft / s

 2.58 lb m / s  9300 lb m / hr so.....

 lb m  Btu  lb m Btu
 7500   .45  100  180   9300 1  70  Tout 
 hr   lb  F  hr lb F
Tout = 99F

70  99
Tw, av = = 85F
2
 =.8 cP  1.7 x 105 lb f  s / ft 2 =5.44 x 104 lb m /ft-s

K = .34 Btu/hr F

 Btu   4 lb m 
1    5.4 x 10 
 lb m F   ft-s 
 5.8
Pr = Btu hr
.34 
hr-ftF 3600 s

The Re number is

 lb m  ft 
 U Dhyd  62.4 ft 3   5 s  .034 ft 
Re    
 5.4 x 104 m
lb
ft-s

Re  1.96 x 104  2 x 104

heating
↓
Nu  .023 Re Pr 0.4 0.8

15 - 4
 ChE 120B
Nu  .023 1.91 x 10   5.8
4 0.4
= 126

Kw
h0   126 =
Dhyd

.34 Btu/ft hr F Btu

 126  1260
.034 hr ft F

A0
   .138  .434 ft 2 / ft
Li

1
 A0  1 hr ft F
 h0   1270 .434    .00182
 L Btu

ln D0 / Di  ln 138 ft/.115 ft  hr ft F
  .00112
2 K pipe 2   26 Btu/hr ft F Btu

K steel  26 Btu/hr ft F

hr ft F
 R  .00112  .00182  .011  .014 Btu
wall water Benzene

U 0 A0 / L    R 
1

Benzene is main resistance ~80%

Tln 
180  99   100  70   51  51.3F
180  99 .99
ln
100  70

 lb  Btu 
Qh  C p wh T   7500 m   45  180  100  F
h
 hr   lbF 
Btu
 2.7 x 105
hr

Tlm    R  Tlm
Qh U 0 A0 1

L L
1
 hr ft F 
  .014   51.3F
 Btu 
Btu
 3700
hr ft
15 - 5
 ChE 120B

Qh 2.7 x 105
L   74 ft
Qh / L 3700

What if we run this co-current – only change is in Tlm

1 2
B 180ºF 100ºF
W 70 ºF 99ºF

Tlm 
180  70   100  99   109F
180  70 4.7
ln
100  99
 23.2F

U 0 A0
Tlm  .014   23.2 
1
Qh 
L
Btu
 1660
hr ft

2.7 x 105
L  163 ft
1600

//////////////////////--///////////////////////////////////////////

Note that if we cooled to 101F, we would have

Tln 
180  70   101  99   27F
180  70
ln
101  99

And exchanger is 140 ft!

When inlet approaches outlet, the calculations are sensitive.

15 - 6