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V+ V
3 VIN
+ VOUT
VOLTS
1
AD8605 2
– 2
R1
+ 100k
V6 V–
3V
0
6
–2
4 0 1 2 3 4 5
TIME (s)
AD8605 WITH 3V
COMMON MODE Figure 3. Response of an OP777 amplifier to a ±2-V, 1-kHz
VOLTS
G=5 AD8541
RL = 1k
VOUT VIN
2.5V 0
SATURATION
REGION
VIN
1.0V
–4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0V TIME (s)
AD8601
AD8541
VOLTS
0V
2
–50mV
0V
AD8515
0
VIN
–2
TIME (400ns/DIV) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
TIME (s)
Figure 4. Recovery of two popular amplifiers in
closed-loop configuration. Figure 5c. Negative step.
*www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/Anniversary/6.html
LM139 V+ V
3
+
1 VOUT
V1 AD8605
– 2
R1
4 V– 100k
AD8601 AD8541
VOLTS
6
AD8515
VIN
0 4
OVERDRIVE = 100mV
OVERDRIVE = 10mV
OVERDRIVE = 1mV
VOLTS
2
–4
0 10 20 30 40 50
TIME (s)
0
Figure 5d. Positive step.
6
–2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
TIME (s)
AD8061
OUTPUT
Part Supply Offset Supply Slew
Number Current (A) Voltage (mV) Range (V) Rate (V/s)
VOLTS
2
AD8515 350 5.00 1.8–5.0 5 VIN
AD8601 1,000 0.05 2.7–5.0 4
AD8541 55 6.00 2.7–5.0 3
0
AD8061 8,000 6.00 2.7–8.0 300
LM139 3,200 6.00 5.0–3.6 ---
AD8515
Figure 9. OP1177 connected for comparator operation,
with translation and protective circuitry for TTL output.
6
VIN
0
4
–1
0 5 10 15 20
VOUT
TIME (ns)
VOLTS
2
Figure 8. Step response of three amplifiers and
a popular comparator. Note the especially fast
VIN
response of the AD8061. VDIODE
0
6. Consider the way to interface with different logic families
Many of today’s rail-to-rail-output amplifiers operate with single
supply of 5 V to 15 V, which can easily provide TTL- or CMOS-
compatible output without the need for additional interfacing –2
0 10 20 30 40 50
circuitry. If the logic circuit and op amp share the same supply, TIME (s)
then a rail-to-rail op amp will drive CMOS and TTL logic
families quite successfully, but if the op amp and logic circuitry Figure 10. Response waveforms for the OP1177
need different supply levels, additional interface circuitry will be comparator circuit.
required. For example, consider an op amp with 5 V supplies
that must drive logic with +5 V supply: Since the logic is liable To conserve power, an N-channel MOSFET may be used instead
to be damaged if –5 V is applied to it, careful attention must be of the NPN transistor shown in Figure 9.
paid to the design of interface circuitry. Q. So the bottom line is...
Figure 9 shows an OP1177 (dual-supply amplifier), interfaced A. An amplifier can be used as a comparator with excellent
to logic circuitry, and Figure 10 shows its response to 100 mV precision at low frequencies. In fact, for comparing signals
of overdrive. With 5-V supplies, quiescent power dissipation with microvolt-level resolution, precision amplifiers are the
is lowered and thermal feedback—due to output stage only practical choice. They can also be an economical choice
dissipation—is minimized, compared to 15-V operation. for multiple-channel op amp users when employment of free
The lower supply voltage also reduces the OP1177 rise and fall amplifier channels to satisfy comparator requirements is
times as the output slews over a reduced voltage range—which feasible. Savvy designers can save money while optimizing their
in turn reduces the output response time. designs if they take the trouble to: understand the similarities
Without the protective circuitry on the output of OP1177, the and differences between amplifiers and comparators; read the
output would swing to +VCC2 and –V EE2 ; these levels might amplifier’s data sheet for the right features; understand about
be detrimental to downstream logic circuitry. Adding Q2 and trade-offs in recovery time, speed, and power consumption;
D2 prevents the output from going negative and translates and are willing to verify designs with amplifiers configured
the limits to TTL -compatible output levels. D2 clamps the as comparators. b