ITC Project Published Work 

Papers: 2004-2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | In Press |

| Published Book Chapters | Published Book |

Papers Published in 2004-2005

Borland R, Yong HH, King B, Cummings KM, Fong GT, Elton TE, Hammond D and McNeil A. Use of
and beliefs about light cigarettes in four countries: Findings from the International Tobacco Control
Policy Evaluation Survey. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2004; 6(Supp 3) S311-S321.
Fong GT, Hammond D, Laux FL, Zanna MP, Cummings KM, Borland R and Ross H. The near-universal
experience of regret among smokers in four countries: Findings from the International Tobacco Control
Policy Evaluation Survey. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2004; 6(Suppl III): S341-351.
Fong GT, Hyland A, Borland R, Hammond D, Hastings G, McNeill A, Anderson S, Cummings
KM, Allwright S, Mulcahy M, Howell F, Clancy L, Thompson ME, Connolly G, Driezen P.
Reductions in tobacco smoke pollution and increases in support for smoke-free public places
following the implementation of comprehensive smoke-free workplace legislation in the
Republic of Ireland: findings from the ITC Ireland/UK survey. Tobacco Control 2005, 000, 1-8.
Giovino GA, Sydney S, Gfroerer JC, O'Malley PM, Allen JA, Richter PA, Cummings KM..
Epidemiology of menthol cigarette use. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2004, 6 (Suppl 1), S67-
S81.
O’Connor RJ, Hyland A, Giovino GA, Fong GT, Cummings KM. Smoker Awareness of and Beliefs
About Supposedly Less-Harmful Tobacco Products. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2005; 29
(2) 85-90.
Thompson, M. E., Boudreau, C. and Driezen, P. (2005) Incorporating Time-in-Sample in Longitudinal
Survey Models. Proceedings of 2005 Symposium: Methodological Challenges for Future Information
Needs. Session 12: Challenges in Using Data from Longitudinal Surveys. Statistics Canada.
Yong, HH, Borland R and Siahpush M. Quitting-related beliefs, intentions and motivations of older
smokers in four countries: findings from the international tobacco control policy evaluation survey.
Addictive Behaviors 2005; 30: 777-788.
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Papers Published in 2006

Borland R, Yong HH, Cummings KM, Hyland A, Anderson S, Fong GT. Determinants and
consequences of smoke-free homes: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country
Survey. Tobacco Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii42-iii50.
Borland R, Yong HH, Siahpush M, Hyland A, Campbell S, Hastings G, Cummings KM, Fong GT.
Support for and reported compliance with smoke-free restaurants and bars by smokers in four countries:
findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control 2006;
15(Suppl III): iii34-iii41.
Connolly GN, Carpenter CM, Travers MJ, Cummings KM, Hyland A, Mulcahy M, Clancy L,
Doorley P. How smoke-free laws improve air quality: A global study of irish pubs. A report for
the Harvard School of Public Health, 2006.

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Fong GT, Cummings KM, Borland R, Hastings G, Hyland A, Giovino GA, Hammond D, Thompson ME.
The conceptual framework of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project.
Tobacco Control 2006; (Suppl III) iii3-iii11.
Fong GT, Hyland A, Borland R, Hammond D, Hastings G, McNeill A, Anderson S, Cummings KM,
Allwright S, Mulcahy M, Howell F, Clancy L, Thompson ME, Connolly G, Driezen P. Reductions in
tobacco smoke pollution and increases in support for smoke-free public places following the
implementation of comprehensive smoke-free workplace legislation in the Republic of Ireland: findings
from the ITC Ireland/UK Survey. Tobacco Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii51-iii58.
Fong GT, Cummings KM, Shopland DR. Building the evidence base for effective tobacco control
policies: the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC) Four Country Survey.
Tobacco Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii1-iii2.
Hammond, D., Fong, G.T., Cummings, K.M., Giovino, G.A., O’Connor, R.J., & McNeill, A. (2006).
Cigarette yields and human exposure: A comparison of alternative smoking regimes. Cancer
Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 15, 1495-1501.
Hammond D, Fong GT, McNeill A, Borland R, Cummings KM. Effectiveness of cigarette warning
labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: findings from the International Tobacco Control
(ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii19-iii25.
Hammond D, Fong GT, Zanna MP, Thrasher JF, Borland R. Tobacco Denormalization and Industry
Beliefs Among Smokers from Four Countries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2006; 31(3)
225-232.
Harris F, MacKintosh AM, Anderson S, Hastings G, Borland R, Fong GT, Hammond D, Cummings KM.
Effects of the 2003 advertising/promotion ban in the United Kingdom on awareness of tobacco
marketing: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco
Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii26-iii33.
Haw, S.J., Gruer, L., Amos, A., Currie, C., Fischbacher, C., Fong, G.T., Hastings, G., Malam, S., Pell, J.,
Scott, C., & Semple, S. (2006). Legislation on smoking in enclosed public places in Scotland: How will
we evaluate the impact? Journal of Public Health, 28, 24-30.
Hyland A, Borland R, Li Q, Yong HH, McNeill A, Fong GT, O’Connor RJ, Cummings KM. Individual-
level predictors of cessation behaviours among participants in the International Tobacco Control (ITC)
Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii83-iii94.
Hyland A, Laux FL, Higbee C, Hastings G, Ross H, Chaloupka FJ, Fong GT, Cummings KM. Cigarette
purchase patterns in four countries and the relationship with cessation: findings from the International
Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii59-iii64.
O’Connor, R.J., Giovino, G.A., Fix, B.V., Hyland, A., Hammond, D., Fong, G.T., Bauer, U., &
Cummings, K.M. (2006). Smokers’ reactions to reduced ignition propensity cigarettes: Findings from the
U.S. arm of the ITC Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control, 15, 45-59.
O’Connor RJ, Kozlowski LT, Borland R, Hammond D. McNeill A. Relationship between constituent
labeling and reporting of tar yields among smokers in four countries. Journal of Public Health (Oxf)
2006; 28(4) 324-329.
O'Connor RJ, Cummings KM, Giovino GA, McNeill A, Kozlowski LT. How did UK cigarette
makers reduce tar to 10 mg or less? [Letter to the editor] British Medical Journal 2006,
February, 332, 302.

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Siahpush M, McNeill A, Hammond D, Fong GT. Socioeconomic and country variations in knowledge of
health risks of tobacco smoking and toxic constituents of smoke: results from the 2002 International
Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control 2006; (Suppl III) iii65-iii70.
Siahpush M, McNeill A, Borland R, Fong GT. Socioeconomic variations in nicotine dependence, self-
efficacy, and intention to quit across four countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control
(ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control 2006; (Suppl III) iii71-iii75.
Thompson ME, Fong GT, Hammond D, Boudreau D, Driezen PR, Hyland A, Borland R, Cummings KM,
Hastings GB, Siahpush M, Mackintosh AM & Laux F. Methods of International Tobacco Control (ITC)
Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii12-iii18
Thrasher JF, Chaloupka FJ, Hammond D, Fong G, Borland R, Hastings G, Cummings M. Evaluacion de
las politicas contra el tabaquismo en paises latinoamericanos en la era del Convenio Marco para el
Control del Tabaco. Revista de Salud Publica de Mexico 2006; 48(Supp I) S155-S166. (Evaluation of
tobacco control policies in Latin American countries during the era of the Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control).
Young D, Borland R, Hammond D, Cummings KM, Devlin E, Yong HH, O’Connor RJ. Prevalence and
attributes of roll-your-own smokers in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey.
Tobacco Control 2006; 15(Suppl III): iii76-iii82.
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Papers Published in 2007

Baker, T.B., Pip, M.E., Bolt, D.M., Smith, S.S., Kim, S-Y., Colby, S., Conti, D., Giovino, G.A.,
Hatsukami, D., Hyland, A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Niaura, R., Perkins, K.A., & Tolli, B.A. (2007). Time to
first cigarette in the morning as an index of ability to quit smoking: Implications for nicotine dependence
(TTURC Tobacco Dependence Phenotype Workshop). Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 9, S555-S570.
Cheong YS, Yong H.H, and Borland R. Does how you quit affect success? A comparison between abrupt
and gradual methods using data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study (ITC).
Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2007 9(8), 801-810.
Hall, P.A., & Fong, G.T. (2007). Temporal self-regulation theory: A model for individual health behavior.
Health Psychology Review, 1, 6-52.
Hammond D, Fong GT, Borland R, Cummings KM, McNeil A, Driezen P. Text and Graphic Warnings
on Cigarette Packages; Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Study. American
Journal Prevention Medicine. 2007 32(3): 205-209.
Hammond D, Fong GT, Borland R, Cummings KM, McNeill A, Driezen P. Communicating risk to
smokers: The impact of health warnings on cigarette packages. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine (2007) 32:210-217.
Hammond D, Wiebel F, Kozlowski LT, Borland R, Cummings KM, O’Connor RJ, McNeill A. Connolly
GN, Arnott D, Fong GT. Revising the machine smoking regime for cigarette emissions: Implications for
tobacco control policy. Tobacco Control 2007. 16: 8-14.
King, B, Borland R and Fowles J. Mainstream smoke emissions of Australian and Canadian cigarettes.
Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2007, 9(8) 835-844.
O’Connor RJ, McNeil A, Borland R, Hammond D, King B, Boudreau C and Cummings KM.) Smokers’
beliefs about relative safety of other tobacco products: Findings from the ITC collaboration. Nicotine and
Tobacco Research 2007, 10(9), 1033-1042.

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Siahpush M, Borland R, Yong HH. Socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of smoking-induced
deprivation and its effect on quitting: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation
Survey. Tobacco Control.2007 Apr; 16(2):e2.
Thrasher JF, Hammond D, Fong G, Arillo-Santillán E. Smokers’ reactions to cigarette package warnings
with graphic imagery and with only text: A comparison of Mexico and Canada. Salud Pública de
México, 49(SuppI). 2007.
Wilson N, Edwards R, Maher A, Näthe J, Jalali R. National smokefree law in New Zealand improves air
quality inside bars, pubs and restaurants. BMC Public Health, 2007, 7:85 (18 May 2007).
Wilson N, Peace J, Thomson G, Edwards R. The prevalence of misleading tobacco descriptors in the New
Zealand tobacco market. N Z Med J 2007;120:U2497.
Young D, Borland R, Hastings G, Fong GT, Cummings KM, and Siahpush M. Australian smokers
support for stronger regulatory controls on Tobacco: Findings from the ITC 4-Country Survey.
Australian and New Zealand Journal Public Health. 2007; 31(2) 164-169.
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Papers Published in 2008

Borland R, Fong GT, Yong HH, Cummings KM, Hammond D, King B, Siahpush M, McNeill A,
Hastings G, O’Connor RJ, Elton-Marshall T, and Zanna MP. What Happened to Smokers’ Beliefs about
Light Cigarettes When “Light/Mild” Brand Descriptors Were Banned in the UK? Findings from the
International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco Control (Oct 07) 2008;17:256-262
Fong, G. T., Ratte, S., Craig, L., Driezen, P., Wilquin, J-L., Beck, F., Guignard, R., Kennedy, R. D. and
Arwidson, P. 2008. Évaluation des politiques de lutte contre le tabagisme en France : resultants de la
première vague de l’enquête ITC France. Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire. 27 May 2008. No 21-
22. pp. 183-187.
Hammond D, Kin F, Prohmmo A, Kungskulniti N, Lian TY, Sharma SK, Sirirassamee B, Borland R,
Fong GT. Patterns of smoking among adolescents in Malaysia and Thailand: Findings from the
International Tobacco Control SouthEast Asia Survey. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health. Jul 2008;
vol. 20: pp. 193 – 203
Hassan L, Shiu, Thrasher, Fong G and Hastings GB. Exploring the effectiveness of cigarette warning
labels: Findings from the United States and United Kingdom arms of the International Tobacco Control
Four Country Survey. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary sector Marketed Volume 13,
Issue 3, Date: August 2008, Pages: 263-274
Hyland A, Higbee C, Hassan L, Fong GT, Borland R, Cummings KM, Hastings G. Does smoke-free
Ireland have more smoking inside the home and less in pubs than the United Kingdom? Findings from
the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project. European Journal of Public Health. 2008,
Vol. 18, No. 1, 63–65.
Shahab L, Hammond D, O’Connor RJ, Cummings KM, Borland R, King B, McNeill A. The reliability
and validity of self-reported puffing behaviour: evidence from a cross-national study. Nicotine and
Tobacco research Volume 10, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 867 – 874
Siahpush M, Borland R, Yong HH, Foong K, Sirirassamee B. Socio-economic variations in tobacco
consumption, intention to quit and self-efficacy to quit among male smokers in Thailand and Malaysia:
Results from the ITC-SEA survey. Addiction 2008; 103: 502-508.

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Thompson ME, Wu CB. Simulation-based randomized systematic PPS sampling under
substitution of units. Survey Methodology 2008: 34, 3-10.
Thomson G, Wilson N, Bushell L, et al. Butt lengths differ by area deprivation level: a field study to
explore compensatory smoking. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2008 May;10(5):927-31.
Yong HH and Borland R Perceived functional value of smoking and association with quitting activity in
4 countries: Socio-demographic differences. Health Psychology Vol. 27(3S), May 2008, pp. S216-S223
Yong HH, Borland R, Hammond D, Sirirassamee B, Ritthiphakdee B, Awang R, Omar M, Foong K, Zain
ZM, Lee BW, Siahpush M, & Fong GT. Levels and correlates of awareness of tobacco promotional
activities among adult smokers in Malaysia and Thailand: findings from the International Tobacco
Control Southeast Asia (ITC-SEA) Survey. Tobacco Control 2008; 17: 46-52
Yong HH, Borland R, Hyland A, Siahpush M. How does a failed quit attempt among regular smokers
affect their cigarette consumption? Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey
(ITC-4). Nicotine and Tobacco Research. (accepted 29 Oct 07). Volume 10, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 897 –
905
Young D, Yong HH, Borland R, Ross H, Sirirassamee B, Foong Kin, Hammond D, O’Connor R, Fong
GT. Prevalence and correlates of roll-your-own smoking in Thailand and Malaysia: Results of the ITC-
SEA Survey. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2008; 10: 907-915.

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Papers Published in 2009

Borland R, Yong HH, Wilson N, Fong GT, Hammond D, Cummings KM, Hosking W, McNeill A. How
reactions to cigarette packet health warnings influence quitting: findings from the ITC Four-Country
survey. Addition 2009, Feb 10; [Epub ahead of print].
Kahler CW, Borland R, Hyland A, McKee SA, Thompson ME, Cummings KM. Alcohol consumption
and quitting smoking in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country survey. Drug and Alcohol
Dependence. 2008, Mar 1; 100 (2): 214-220.

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Papers in Press
Fathelrahman A, Omar M, Awang R, Borland R, Fong G.T., & Zain Z. Smokers’ responses towards
cigarette pack warning labels in predicting quit intention, stage of change and self-efficacy. NTR.
Grainge MJ, Shahab L, Hammond D, O’Connor RJ, McNeill A. Predictors of puffing behavior in UK
adult smokers: Effect of first cigarette of day, time of day and cigarette brand. Addiction (in press, 2008).
Hosking, Borland, Yong, Fong, Zanna, Laux, Thrasher, Lee, Buppha, & Omar. The effects of norms and
attitudes towards smoking on interest in quitting in Malaysia, Thailand and four Western nations: A
cross-cultural comparison. Psychology & Health
Parkinson, C, Hammond, D, Fong GT, Borland, R, Omar, M, Sirirassamee, B, Awang, R, Driezen, P and
Thompson, M. (in press). Smoking Beliefs and Behavior among Youth in Malaysia and Thailand,
American Journal of Health Behavior.
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Last Updated: 2 March 2009 5

Published Book Chapters
Ferrence, R., Hammond, D., & Fong, G.T. (2007). Warning labels and packaging. In R.J. Bonnie, K.
Stratton, & R.B. Wallace (Eds.), Ending the tobacco problem: A blueprint for the nation (pp. 435-448).
Committee on Reducing Tobacco Use: Strategies, Barriers, and Consequences, Board on Population
Health and Public Health Practice, Institute of Medicine. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press,
Fong, G.T., Hammond, D., & Zanna, M.P. (2006). Bridging to evidence-based public health policy. In
P.A.M. Van Lange (Ed.), Bridging Social Psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
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Published Book
Borland, R., Cummings, K.M., Leon, M., et al. (2007, in press). Methods for Evaluating Tobacco Control
Policies. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Handbook 12 on Cancer Prevention,
Tobacco Control. Lyon, France. (expected publication date: late 2007). Description from the IARC
website: http://www.iarc.fr/ENG/Units/IARCHandbookVol12.php
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