Inglês: Be Connected

Inglês
1 1.
ano
NÍVEL DE CONTINUAÇÃO
WORKBOOK
Cláudia Frech e Inês Goulart
Consultor linguístico e pedagógico: David Hardisty
Be Connected
Inglês
1 1.
ano
WORKBOOK
Be Connected
O Projeto Be Connected de Inglês CONSULTOR LINGUÍSTICO E PEDAGÓGICO
destinado ao 11.o ano de escolaridade, David Hardisty — Leitor na Universidade Nova de Lisboa,
do Ensino Secundário, é uma obra coletiva, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas.
concebida e criada pelo Departamento de Investigações
e Edições Educativas da Santillana,
sob a direção de Sílvia Vasconcelos.
EQUIPA TÉCNICA
Chefe de Equipa Técnica: Patrícia Boleto
Modelo Gráfico e Capa: Carla Julião
Fotografia da Capa: Getty Images
Ilustrações: Manuel Cruz
Paginação: Christophe Marques e Jorge Santos
Documentalista: Luísa Rocha
EDITORA
Ana Sofia Ribeiro
© 2014
Estrada da Outurela, 118

2794-084 CARNAXIDE
APOIO AO PROFESSOR
Tel.: 214 246 901
Fax: 214 246 909
apoioaoprofessor@santillana.pt
APOIO AO LIVREIRO
Tel.: 214 246 906
Fax: 214 246 907
apoioaolivreiro@santillana.pt
Internet: www.santillana.pt
Impressão e Acabamento: Printer Portuguesa
ISBN: 978-989-708-596-3
1.a Edição
2.a Tiragem
Fontes Fotográficas
Depósito Legal: 369963/14 CORBIS
p. 31 Mulher soldado; Zainab Salbi
P. 63 Cientistas num laboratório
P. 71 Paul Newman
Getty Images
p. 22 Rapariga com o rosto pintado
P. 35 Refugiados do Kosovo
iStockphoto
p. 7 Jovem a ajudar idosa
P. 18 Treinador de futebol
P. 39 Pedinte
P. 48 Crianças a ver televisão
P. 52 Cartões de crédito
A cópia ilegal viola os direitos dos autores. P. 54 Rent-a-car
Os prejudicados somos todos nós. P. 58 Lata de spray
Contents
A WORLD OF WORK
1
Page 4
UNIT SKILLS
Page READING WRITING GRAMMAR
1.1 Time Off 4 • Gap year • “Kindness and citizen service”, a comment text •R elative pronouns
• Diagram “Gap year” • Subject inversion
• Benefits of volunteering
1.2 Future Life 8 • My first job • Job interview •P hrasal verbs
• American English • Adjective degrees
• Curriculum vitae
1.3 The Changing 14 • Changes in the world of work • “Time do not stand still”, an opinion text • A djectives
World of Work • Idiomatic expressions • Adverbs
• E xpressing wishes and regrets
(I wish … / If only …)
Self Check 18
A world of many cultures

2
Page 22
UNIT SKILLS
22 • What is “Britishness”? • “The American people whom you often • Contrast connectors
2.1 Multiculturalism • Diagram “United Kingdom” mention …”, a comment text
2.2 Tolerance 28 • Emigration: two billion quit • Women emancipation, an opinion text • Purpose connectors
and Equality Britain in “talent drain”
2.3 Solidarity 32 • Angelina Jolie and the UNHCR • A refugee camp, an opinion text • Conditionals
and Volunteering • Testing unit vocabulary • Poverty, a comment text
Self Check 36
young people and consumerism

3
Page 40
UNIT SKILLS
3.1 Consumer Habits 40 • “Taking shopping habits to the • “What are your choices when buying something”, • Passive voice
extreme” an opinion text
3.2 Advertising 44 • "How does today's advertising • Create a slogan • Prepositional verbs

impact on your body image?
• Advertising techniques
3.3 Ethics in 48 • "Call for ban on under-11s • Letter of complaint • (Un)Countable nouns

Advertising advertising” • Causative use of have
Self Check 52
the world around us

4
Page 56
UNIT SKILLS
4.1 Environmental 56 • Global warming • Letter suggesting some environmental changes • Present Perfect Simple
Problems • Polar bears, endangered species in your city • Present Perfect Continuous
• Environmental problems
4.2 Bioethics and 60 • Overpopulation • Cloning, a comment text • Verbs/expressions followed by

Demography • Crossword the Infinitive or the Gerund
4.3 Alternative 64 • “My life as a vegetarian • Film review • Past Perfect Simple

Lifestyles – supporting Linda’s legacy” • Past Perfect Continuous
• Different diets
Self Check 68
SELF CHECK KEYS Page 72

1.1 Time Off
READING
1.
Read the article and complete it with the words given in the box.
commitments road tripping couple between

afford opportunities aim opposed volunteering
Not all of us can (a) afford the time or money to go travelling for a continuous
period of time. For some, a gap year is a dream as (b) opposed to a reality, and other
(c) commitments such as school, university or a job are more important. However, it's not
the end of the world. There's always a short gap.
5 A short gap is a mini-gap year. A few weeks to a few
months travelling, (d) volunteering or working abroad; it
really is whatever you want it to be! We (e) aim to
give you the best travel advice and ideas for your short gap to
make the time you have available a good time, even if it's
10 only for a (f) couple of weeks.
Popular short gaps are travelling around South East Asia
for a month, seeing Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam;
or seeing the delights and (g) road tripping through the USA.
There are thousands of ideas and (h) opportunities for your
15 short gap; the only thing that's limiting you is your ambition
and imagination.
If you have any time (i) between school, university or
a job then a short gap is for you. You'll be amazed what you
can do in a short amount of time.
Retrieved from Gap Year. www.gapyear.com/short-gaps/ideas/ (abridged and adapted, May 2013)
2.
Complete the sentences.
a) Since … some students can’t afford a long trip, they opt for a short gap.
b) During a short gap you … can travel, work abroad or volunteer .
c) South East Asia, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam are … popular destinations for a short gap .
4
UNIT 1 A WORLD OF WORK
3.
“There are thousands of ideas ... for your short gap”. What would you do in a short gap?
Write down some of your ideas.

vocabulary
4.
Complete the diagram.
meeting new people
facing challenges travelling

Gap year
volunteering working abroad
5. Complete the sentences and find the main benefits of volunteering.

Young people often volunteer so as to ...
a) increase their employability.
b) gain professional guidance .
c) meet interesting people.
d) gain knowledge of a multicultural world.
e) improve university admission chances.
f) improve one’s self-esteem .
g) acquire work experience .
5
1.1 Time Off
GRAMMAR
6.
Each of the following sentences has a mistake in it. Rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) Mary’s car, that she bought last year, was stolen.

Mary’s car, which she bought last year, was stolen.

b) He went to many interviews, none of that were successful.
He went to many interviews, none of which were successful.

c) The company, which John works, is going through rough times.
The company, for which John works, is going through rough times.

d) The job answer that I gave it wasn’t that good.
The job answer that I gave wasn’t that good.

e) Roy knows a man who’s house is for sale.
Roy knows a man whose house is for sale.

f) The reason because I didn’t know the answers was that I hadn’t suitably prepared for the interview.
The reason why I didn’t know the answers was that I hadn’t suitably prepared for the interview.

7.
Rewrite the sentences as indicated below.
a) They will never accept her resignation letter.

Never will they accept her resignation letter .
b) John had hardly finished school when he started preparing his trip.
Hardly had John finished school when he started preparing his trip .
c) I wasn’t told that the company was facing many hardships.
At no time was I told about the hardships the company was facing .
d) He understood almost nothing.
Little did he understand .
e) He didn’t give me the chance to reply.
At no time was I given the chance to reply .
f) I couldn’t find my notebook anywhere.
Nowhere could I find my notebook .
6
WRITING
8.
Choose ONE of the quotes below and write 100-120 words expressing your opinion on it.
a) “I shall pass through this world but once. Any good therefore that I can do or any kindness that I can
show to any human being, let me do it now. Let me not defer or neglect it, for I shall not pass this
way again.”
Mahatma Gandhi
b) “Citizen service is the very American idea that we meet our challenges not as isolated individuals but
as members of a true community, with all of us working together. Our mission is nothing less than to
spark a renewed sense of obligation, a new sense of duty, a new season of service.
Though government has an important role to play in meeting the many challenges that remain
before us, we are coming to understand that no organization, including government, will fully succeed
without the active participation of each of us. Volunteers are vital to enabling this country to live up
to the true promise of its heritage.”
Bill Clinton
9.
Which of the following pictures better depicts what you have just written? Justify your answer.
Hands, Michael Angelo
7
1.2 Future Life
READING
1.
Read the text carefully.
My First Job
Finding a job
It was early July 2002. I had just turned 17 and was sure
there were thousands of employers ready to hire me. I had
done plenty of volunteer work; I could type; I was friendly
5 and motivated. What more could they ask for? I drove all
around Los Angeles filling out applications and doing

on the spot interviews. Then I patiently awaited the phone
calls. Well, the phone calls never came. And I was sick of
wasting my time filling out applications that I had to leave
10 half blank, because I didn’t have a previous employer or
previous experience. I got discouraged because I couldn’t Nicole Bryant, 18

even get hired at McDonald’s.
I felt like a loser and began getting desperate. I thought about washing cars, selling
burned CDs, babysitting, pursuing an acting career or making a demo. None of those
15 things would have worked for me though, because I was a talentless, underage, spoiled
wimp of a girl who wouldn’t even wash my own car, so I knew I had to be more realistic.
I decided to give up. But a few weeks later the boredom of summer settled in. I had to
find a job. I just needed a new approach. It was a waste of time applying at random
establishments. I would apply only where people were hiring. The problem was finding
20 those places. I decided to look in the newspaper.
Job interview
I saw a bold advertisement. "Telemarketing. No experience required and paid training."
This job paid $8 an hour and sought people with minimal experience, offered flexible hours
– so I could still enjoy my summer – and had an office that I could get to in 10
25 minutes. I knew this job was for me, so I called immediately. The lady told me I was
qualified and gave me directions.

When I entered the offices I saw about 80 cubicles. I went to the front desk and signed
in. I expected to be the only one with a 2 p.m. interview, but I saw several others who would
be joining me. Fortunately, I was told that there was more than one opening.
30 Soon, a young man, who reminded me of a former teacher, called me out of the small
room. We sat in the main lobby next to the front desk. I thought that was a little weird.
8
I just knew I was not going to have my interview in the middle of the office, right? There
must be a room where they’d take me. After a minute, reality struck. This is where it was going
to happen. I was nervous and who knows if it showed. He asked me the normal questions,
35 "Why do you want this job?", "What makes you a qualified candidate?" I answered to the
best of my ability and showed him my resumé that was filled with volunteer work. At this
point I was beginning to realize that I was a little overdressed. Most applicants had on
jeans and tennis shoes. Aside from being the only one in business attire, I was a lot more
excited about being here than most of the middle-aged people who were applying.
40 My interviewer gave me a script to read and I flowed through it without any hesitation.
He glanced at me and told me I had the job.
LAYouth. Retrieved from http://www.layouth.com/want-to-get-cursed-out-and-hung-up-on/

(abridged and adapted, April 2013)
2.
Find words in the text with the same meaning as …
a) then and there (paragraph 1) on the spot (l. 7) d) necessary (paragraph 4) required (l. 22)
b) down cast (paragraph 1) discouraged (l. 11) e) clothing (paragraph 6) attire (l. 38)
c) arbitrary (paragraph 3) random (l. 18)
3.
Answer the questions.
a) Was it simple for Nicole to find her first job? Justify your answer.
No, it wasn’t. She almost gave up, because she applied for many jobs, but she didn’t get hired, not even by McDonald’s.
b) Which characteristics did she consider to be her most important assets?

She considered herself friendly and highly motivated. She had already done some volunteering and she could also type.
c) Which strategies did she follow to find a job?

First she filled in some application forms and did some on the spot interviews. However, these strategies
weren’t effective, so she decided to look for ads in the newspaper.
d) Describe her job interview.

Even though she was nervous, the interview went well. She answered the questions trying to do her best. She pointed out she had
experience as a volunteer and afterwards she read a script, fluently and with no hesitation.
e) Was it successful? Why? Why not?

Yes, it was. She got the job.
9
1.2 Future Life
4.
The last four paragraphs of the text are not in the correct order. Find the right sequence and
put the correct number in each box.
Working experience
3 One year later, after being unemployed since my last experience, my parents harassed me
about getting a job. This time I went straight to the classifieds and quickly found a similar job. At
least from the outside it seemed similar. It was still a telephone job, but the people already knew
why I was calling. They had bought products from our store and then we had to call to see if they
wanted insurance on those products. Even though it was different, people sometimes thought I
was a telemarketer. Those people made me think about quitting every now and then, but the
money was really good. I quit the job once I started college, to focus on my studies.
2 This was as real as it was going to get for me. I was 17 with no experience, had not received
my high school diploma yet, and had no references other than my family members. I only worked
four hours that day. I was ready to quit. The next day I spoke to five different people who said they
had worked for the same company and bet me that I wouldn’t last three days. Well, they were
right. At that point, I thought that I’d rather be broke and bored than be a telemarketer.
1 I began work for real the following day. I felt independent and was confident that I would
make several sales that day. Instead, customers wanted to know where I got their phone number
and why I was calling them. Or they hung up on me. Some people stayed on the phone long
enough to curse me out. The first time this happened I felt bad, but after that I would just laugh
it off. The people were not mad at me personally. They were mad that a telemarketer was calling
at dinnertime. There were times when I wished that people would just schedule the appointment.
It would have made me feel a lot better. It became depressing hearing no after "no" after "no".
I never made a sale. They were extremely rude and told me to get a real job.
4 I have learned that telemarketing is not such a bad thing. I’ve learned that these people are not
upset with me. And figuring out how to separate myself from the job has helped me deal with the
complaints. I no longer hate telemarketing because it has taught me how to deal with rude people
and how to be persuasive. Still, I am glad I am in college so that I’ll be able to find a job that is a little
less stressful. I do not recommend telemarketing as a career, but for a part-time job it worked for me.
LAYouth. Retrieved from http://www.layouth.com/want-to-get-cursed-out-and-hung-up-on/

vocabulary
5.
This text was written by an American student. Can you find any examples of AmE, as far as
spelling or grammar is concerned?
fill out, lobby, realize, store, resumé
6.
The following words are taken from the text. Can you define them? You may find it useful
to use a dictionary.
a) resumé A written record of someone’s education and c) job ads An announcement in a newspaper, in the
jobs that he/she has done. internet, etc. about a job that people can apply for.
b) application form A piece of paper on which you d) volunteer work Work done by people to help others
apply for something. in need.
10
7.
Look at the Europass CV and label its different parts with words from the box.
Job applied for Education and training Personal information

Work experience Communication skills Computer skills
Organisational skills Personal skills Annexes Additional information
Curriculum Vitae
(a) Personal information

Surname (s)/First Name (s) Vieira, João
Address (es) 3, Rua Visconde Sousa, Caxias, 2760-001, Portugal
Telephone (s) 946 159 256
E-mail(s) jvieira@yahuau.net
Sex / Date of birth / Nationality Male 19/08/1986 Portuguese
(b) Job applied for Editor

(c) Work experience
September – 2011- Editorial assistant
Little Brown Book Group, London
• Editing of text (translations or originals) for layout.
• Coordination of the work flow between designers and copy-editors and the
subsequent quality control of the final product.
• Payment of copy-editors, designers, translators, design studios.
(d) Education and training
Qualification 16 (sixteen)
September 2009 – June 2010 Portuguese Catholic University, Lisbon, Portugal
Advanced copy-editing training
• Introduction to editing
• Reviewing and editing text
• Conferences
(e) Personal skills
Mother tongue(s) Portuguese
Other language(s) UNDERSTANDING SPEAKING WRITING

Listening Reading Spoken interaction Spoken production
English C1 C1 C1 C1 C1
(f) Communication skills Good communication skills gained through my experience as sales manager
in a bookshop.
(g) Organisational skills • Leadership (currently responsible for the team of external workers).
(h) Computer skills • Good command of Microsoft Office™ tools, and InDesign.
(i) Additional information • President of the Students Committee (2006-2008)

• Newspaper journalist at Unisapiens (2009-2012)
• Volunteer at Ajuda aos Outros (since 2010)
• Trainee at Notícias Diárias (2012-2013)
(j) Annexes • Application form
11
1.2 Future Life
GRAMMAR
8.
Match the following phrasal verbs with the definitions below. You may find it useful to use
a dictionary.
make an escape be present at an event leave angrily

do and complete a task give up delete
a) break out make an escape
b) carry out do and complete a task
c) cross out delete
d) drop out give up
e) storm out leave angrily
f) turn out be present at an event
9. Fill in the blanks using a suitable phrasal verb from the previous exercise, written in the
correct form.
a) The crowd turned out to watch the parade.

b) Cross out the wrong option.
c) They carried out a survey on working conditions.
d) The prisoner broke out of jail.
e) Everybody stopped to look when Peter stormed out slamming the door.
f) The student dropped out of school without giving any explanation.
10. Look at the table and complete the sentences using the comparative and superlative forms
of suitable adjectives.
TIM SUSAN CARLY
Height 1.80 1.52 1.65
Weight 87 kg 55 kg 62 kg
Good at school ** * ***
Fluency level of languages spoken 1 2 3
Funny JJJ J JJ
Age 17 16 17
a) Tim is taller than Carly.

b) Susan is lighter than Tim.
c) Carly is the best student of all.
12
d) Susan is the least fluent speaker of all.

e) Tim is funnier than Carly.
f) Susan is the youngest of all.
11. Fill in the blanks to build meaningful sentences.

a) Buying new computers is becoming easier and easier.
b) The world is changing faster and faster.
c) Tuition is becoming more and more expensive.
12. Complete the sentences using adjectives from the box.
the more the stronger the younger the better (2X)

the more difficult the faster the higher
a) The more you commit to this job, the better your chances of being promoted.
b) The stronger you feel, the faster you’ll get through all this.
c) The younger you are, the more difficult the prospects of finding a job are.
d) The higher your marks, the better your future options.
WRITING
13. Imagine you are Nicole. Write down five questions that she would have been asked in her job
interview. Then try to answer them. The length of your interview should be around 100
words.
13
1.3 The Changing World of Work
READING
1.
Read the text and give it a title.

Workers in the 1950s worked longer hours in tougher conditions and with less holidays.
By Becky Barrow
It was an era when women stayed at home. A 9-to-5 job meant just that. Workers had
a job for life and nobody had a Blackberry to ruin their holidays.
But were the 1950s exactly how everybody imagines? A major report, published today,
5 examines working life in 1952 – and what it is like for workers in this country 60 years
later.
The world of work has fundamentally changed, but it is not a change which is making
many of us happy, according to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.
Dr John Philpott, the report’s author and chief economic adviser to the institute, said:
10 “People do not seem much happier about their working lives. Many exhibit the symptoms
of work-related stress.” He blamed the invention of new technology, from laptops to the
BlackBerry and the iPhone, which is “imposing entirely new pressures on staff.”
While it has liberated people to work from home or from outside the office, it has
resulted in “information overload, created pressure for an instant response, enabled more
15 sophisticated monitoring and surveillance of employees, and blurred the boundaries
between work and non-work time.” Overall, the report says work continues to be "the
warp and weft of everyday life”, but we are just doing it very differently.
In 1952, just four per cent of people worked part-time. Today, the number has
ballooned to one in four workers, equal to an astonishing 26 per cent of the entire
20 workforce.
Today’s workers may whine that they are over-worked, but it was their parents or
grandparents in the 1950s who had a lot more to complain about. On average, workers did
a 48-hour week in 1952. Today, a typical worker with a full-time job does only 37 hours.
Of all the seismic changes, it is probably the type of jobs that people did which have
25 changed most dramatically. In 1952, 8.7 million people worked in manufacturing. Today, the
number is a paltry 2.5 million. Around 880,000 worked in “mining and quarrying”, compared
to 60,000 today, while the number working in agriculture, forestry and fishing has tumbled
from 725,000 to 460,000. There are some jobs which barely existed 60 years ago. In 1952, there
were only around 20,000 people working in personnel, compared to today’s army of around
30 400,000. But some things never change. Around six million people worked in the public
sector, which is exactly the number which currently makes up the State workforce.
14
And how many people did not work? Not many, according to the report, which shows
that the number of working women was much higher than expected. Around one in two
women of working age had a job in the 1950s, compared to two-thirds today. It is the
35 number of working men which has changed far more significantly, from 96 per cent in
the 1950s to 75 per cent today, according to the report. Meanwhile, the number of people
claiming unemployment benefits has ballooned from around 350,000 to nearly 1.6 million
today. And young people are far less likely to have a job. People under the age of 25 made
up one in three of the workforce, compared to one in seven today.
Mail Online. Retrieved from http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-2094769

2.
a) show (paragraph 4) exhibit (l. 10) d) made unclear (paragraph 5) blurred (l. 15)
b) held responsible (paragraph 4) blamed (l. 11) e) got much bigger (paragraph 6) ballooned (l. 19)
c) excess (paragraph 5) overload (l. 14) f) complain (paragraph 7) whine (l. 21)
3.
Say who or what the underlined words in the text refer to.
a) their the workers’ d) he Dr John Philpott
b) it the world of work e) it the new technology
c) us workers from the present f) who their parents or grandparents
4.
Explain the meaning of the following sentences.
a) “... nobody had a Blackberry to ruin their holidays.” (l. 3) People’s holidays weren’t interrupted by a phone call
from their work.
b) “... work continues to be ‘the warp and weft of everyday life’,...” (ll. 6-17) Work continues to play an
important role in people’s lives.
5. Say if the following sentences are TRUE or FALSE. Quote from the text to justify your answer.
a) Nowadays workers feel more fulfilled than in the past.
False. “The world of work has fundamentally changed, but it is not a change which is making many of us happy, according
to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.” (ll. 7-8)
15
1.3 The Changing World of Work
b) Even though people work fewer hours than in the past, the boundaries between work and free time
have tended to disappear.
True. “… information overload, created pressure for an instant response, enabled more sophisticated monitoring and
surveillance of employees, and blurred the boundaries between work and non-work time.” (ll. 14-16)
c) Back in the 1950s the primary sector played an important role in people’s lives.
True. “In 1952, 8.7 million people worked in manufacturing. Today, the number is a paltry 2.5 million. Around 880,000
worked in ‘mining and quarrying’, compared to 60,000 today, while the number working in agriculture, forestry and fishing
has tumbled from 725,000 to 460,000.” (ll. 25-28)
d) Nowadays unemployment affects more young people than in the past.
True. “People under the age of 25 made up one in three of the workforce, compared to one in seven today.” (ll. 38-39)

6.
Write down the changes in the world of work mentioned in the text.

People work fewer hours, but due to the development of technology they bring their work home; fewer people work

in manufacturing and agriculture, etc.
vocabulary
7.
Match the following idiomatic expressions with their meaning. You may find it useful to use
an Idioms dictionary.
a) all in a day’s work 2 1. stop relaxing

b) set to work 4 2. part of one’s routine
c) work against the clock 5 3. be very effective
d) time works wonders 8 4. begin working
e) work like magic 3 5. work very fast
f) work out for the best 7 6. work hard
g) work like a dog 6 7. have a successful ending
h) get down to work 1 8. problems get solved as time goes by
8.
Complete the sentences using one of the idiomatic expressions from the previous exercise.
a) After work I get the groceries, cook dinner, wash the dishes and prepare my next day’s lessons.
It’s … all in a day’s work .
b) Time flies. Lunch time is over. I must … get down to work .
c) I need money. That’s why I’ve been … working like a dog .
d) In spite of all these problems, I truly believe everything … will work out for the best .
16
GRAMMAR
9.
Fill in the blanks using some of the adjectives below.
excited exciting exhausted exhausting
interested interesting bored boring
amused amusing annoyed annoying
confused confusing tired tiring
a) I was so tired / exhausted that I could hardly keep my eyes open.

b) The film was so boring that I fell asleep right in the middle.
c) She’s so annoying . She really gets on my nerves.
d) Reading a map can be quite confusing , especially when you have orientation problems.
e) I’m exhausted / tired . I’ve been working all day long.
f) I’m completely confused . I could swear I saw someone that looks just like you.
10. Rewrite the following sentences. Begin with I wish or If only, to express wishes in the past
and present.
a) I don’t have a car. I wish / If only I had a car.

b) I lost my mobile phone. I wish / If only I hadn’t lost my mobile phone.
c) I don’t like my new boss. I wish / If only I liked my new boss.
d) I missed the train. I wish / If only I hadn’t missed the train.
11. This time use I wish or If only to express future wishes.

a) My boss is always complaining about me. If only my boss wouldn’t complain (so much) about me.
b) I haven’t had a raise for four years. I wish I could have a raise.
c) I have never had the chance to travel abroad. If only I could have the chance to travel abroad.
writing
12. Choose ONE of the quotes below and write 100-120 words expressing your opinon.
“For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past
or the present are certain to miss the future.”
John F. Kennedy
“You can't stop the future. You can't rewind the past. The only way to learn the secret … is to press
play.”
Jay Asher
17
Self Check
READing
1. Read the article and identify its missing parts.
Nicholas Zanette – Football Coaching,

Argentina
Nicholas Zanette decided (a) 5 as he had just
completed 12 weeks of working abroad as part of his
Spanish university degree course. “I didn’t want to just
study at a university abroad but was very keen to really
5 submerge myself in a country’s culture and get lost with
its people and ways. Sporting Opportunities gave me

this possibility and what better way than to be involved
with football in Argentina?!
“First and foremost, my Spanish improved remarkably, as I really had to get on with it
10 to coach and guide the players I was with. On top of this, working with Sacachispas, the
team I was sent to, (b) 1 . This was something I relished and enjoyed waking up for every
morning.
“My Spanish grew in confidence tenfold too! As well as this, adapting to live in an
environment and culture totally different on the other side of the world helped me
15 mature and become more independent. Working within the football team helped me
(c) 9 and backgrounds.

“A typical day would include waking up quite early, about 7 a.m., and then heading to
training on the bus for 8.30 a.m.; (d) 4 . Then I would go into town and have lunch and
check out the city before heading back to work with the juniors from 3.30 p.m. until 5.30
20 p.m. After that I was free to do as I pleased. Trips with the team to away games were
amazing and emotional and typical of Argentine football! Visiting the Boca Juniors
stadium for a match was an amazing experience I will always remember! (e) 2
“Buenos Aires is truly a 24 hour city! No matter what time or what day there is
something to do and not only that, you can do it in so many different parts of the city
25 which leaves your choices endless! There is a great social scene for young people and
students and many people open to meet fellow travellers. (f) 7 . The culture was also
amazing, and Buenos Aires itself is like its own country. The country is too huge to bracket
it as one culture and a trip out of Buenos Aires will show you just that! So much to explore!
“Whilst there, I tried llama meat (which was great!) and drank ‘Mate’ (Argentina’s national
30 drink) almost as much as the locals and danced tango in San Telmo! (g) 8 . My top 5 must-
see places in Argentina would be: Buenos Aires – San Telmo, La Boca; Mendoza and the wine
tasting; Pumamarca and Tilcara up north in Jujuy; Mar del Plata; La Bombonera and Tigre. My
top 5 things to do in Argentina are: the Boca Game; the incredible steak restaurants all over;
Mendoza wine tasting; dancing the Tango; and eating a choripan!
35 “Being away from home was obviously hard, but the people I stayed with welcomed me
from the start and made it much easier. (h) 6 but there are cafes everywhere. Apart from
that I didn’t really have any problems. My experience has made me really consider Buenos
18
UNIT 1 A WORLD OF work
Aires and Argentina as a possible destination to work in once I have finished studying. The
people I met and the experience I had really have left a lasting impression on me. I would
40 not think twice about returning for a few more years in the future.(i) 3 as it is a chance to
get away from what one knows, and not just that, but to one of the greatest countries in the
world! If someone has an interest in football then they would really enjoy it as the country
is mad for it and they will learn so much! Also, there is so much to visit and see and not just
in Buenos Aires, so it’s a great place to work and visit and volunteer!”
WWV. Retrieved from http://www.wwv.org.uk/world-wide-volunteering (abridged and adapted, April 2013)
1. really helped me to improve my coaching skills and gave me an insight into how a top team
trains and is run. 2. Also, my trip to Mendoza and Mar del Plata were incredible cities to visit;
3. I would also recommend it to other people; 4. the first team trained from then until just before
12 p.m.; 5. to volunteer through Sporting Opportunities as a football coach; 6. At first I didn’t
have internet; 7.The Argentine people are fantastic, proud of their nationality, but keen to learn
from foreigners too. 8. I visited the mountains in the north and saw the Inca Pueblos that I did
not know about before. 9. with team work and having to adapt to get on with people of all ages.
2. Say if the following sentences are TRUE or FALSE. Quote from the text to support your answer.
a) Argentina was the first country Nicholas visited abroad. False. "… he had just completed 12 weeks of
working abroad as part of his Spanish university degree course." (ll. 1-3)
b) The necessity to communicate with his footballers enhanced his Spanish speaking skills. True. "First
and foremost, my Spanish improved remarkably, as I really had to get on with it to coach and guide the players I was with." (ll. 9-10)
c) He developed many different abilities throughout his stay in Argentina. True. "My Spanish grew in
confidence tenfold too! As well as this, adapting to live in an environment and culture totally different on the other side of
the world helped me mature and become more independent. Working within the football team helped me with team
work and having to adapt to get on with people of all ages and backgrounds." (ll. 13-16)
d) Argentina is a multicultural country. True. "The country is too huge to bracket it as one culture and a trip out of
Buenos Aires will show you just that!" (ll. 27-28)
e) He didn’t go through any hardships. False. "Being away from home was obviously hard, but the people I stayed
with welcomed me from the start and made it much easier." (ll. 35-36)
3. Find antonyms in the text for the following words.

a) in his own country abroad (l. 2) e) falling asleep waking up (l. 17)
b) dislike was very keen (l. 4) f) awful amazing (l. 21)
c) worse better (l. 7) g) limited endless (l. 25)
d) needy independent (l. 15) h) temporary lasting (l. 39)
19
Self Check
4. Answer the following questions.

a) Why did Nicholas decide to volunteer in Argentina? Because he didn’t want to just study at a university abroad
but was very keen to really submerge himself in a country’s culture and its people and ways.
b) Describe his daily routine. He woke up quite early, about 7 a.m., and then went to training on the bus for 8.30 a.m.;
the first team trained from then until just before 12 p.m. Then he went into town and had lunch and checked out the city
before heading back to work with the juniors from 3.30 p.m. until 5.30 p.m. After that he was free.
c) Did he mention any disadvantages of volunteering in Argentina? Yes, he did. He missed home and
technology was also a small problem he had to face.
d) What are his final impressions after this experience? He would recommend it to anyone because it is a chance
to get away from what one knows, and not just that, but to visit one of the greatest countries in the world.
Vocabulary
5. Complete the following sentences using the vocabulary from the box.
recruiting underemplyment made redundant apprentice

apply for job sharing promoted telecommuting
a) Job sharing is a valuable option when working if you need time for yourself.
b) In my opinion the most important advantage of telecommuting is avoiding traffic jams.
c) Underemployment isn’t the only alternative found by many young people.
d) That company is recruiting new employees.
e) I was made redundant because there was no more work for me in the company.
f) Sally got promoted due to her excellent sales figures.
g) I decided to apply for a job in Dubai.
h) My brother is learning a trade and working as an apprentice .
grammar
6.
Fill in the blanks using one of the following adjectives and adverbs.
finally happiest serious responsible hard hardly

bored really carefully well anxiously nervous
My job interview
There were three men sitting behind a big desk. They looked (a) serious and (b) bored .
They asked me several questions. I tried to answer (c) carefully in order to (d) really
20
UNIT 1 A WORLD OF work
impress them. I talked about my skills; I mentioned that I work (e) _______________
hard and that I’m very
(f) responsible . Despite being (g) nervous , I must say I did quite (h) well .
Three days later, when I was (i) anxiously waiting for the result of the interview, the phone
(j) finally rang. I could (k) hardly believe it. I had been chosen for the job. It was one
of the (l) happiest days of my life!
7. Rewrite the sentences as indicated below.

a) I regret the day I met him.
I wish … I had never met him .
b) I interviewed many people. I didn’t select any for the job.
I interviewed many people, none of … whom I selected for the job .
c) They didn’t tell me the truth.
Never … did they tell me the truth .
d) I was bored by of the film.
The film … was so boring .
e) You have better chances if you have experience.
The more … experience you have, the better chances you have .
writing
8.
Read the following job ad. Create the perfect CV to apply for this job. You may find it useful
to check in your textbook for more information.
BABYSITTER
We are looking for a full-time babysitter to care for our two children, aged 6 months and 3
years, in our private home in North Park. Duties would involve care for the children, including
meal preparation, bathing and hygiene, activity planning, exercise and playtime. Also, walking
our daughter to school, 2 times per week (starting September). A vehicle and driver's licence is
not required, but would be an asset. Light housekeeping, meal preparation and dishes and doing
the children's laundry is also required. Applicant requires completion of first aid training, and
provision of a clear police background check. Applicant requires completion of high school
diploma, and ability to speak and write in English. Post secondary education is an asset. Six
months minimum training or relevant experience are required. Applicant must reside in private
home for duration of employment. Private accommodation and meals will be provided. 40 hours
per week. Hourly wage of $10.11. $4.22/day to be deducted for room. $3.20 to be deducted
per meal. Qualified applicants please contact Sue (678 334-9976)
http://calgary.kijiji.ca (adapted 2013)
21
2.1 Multiculturalism
READING
1. Read the text carefully.
What is “Britishness”?
There was a time when people knew what it
meant to be British: politeness, reserve, a good
sense of humour and roast beef for Sunday lunch.
But those concepts are no longer clear.
5
Just how British are we? The British Government
thinks we aren’t British enough. With plans for a
“British Day” and a citizenship ceremony for young
people, it wants to inspire the nation with a sense of
shared “Britishness”, a new report says. The
10
Goldsmith report, commissioned by the former
British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, recommends that all teenagers should swear an oath
of allegiance to the Queen and country before leaving school at 18. The report also recommends
a “Britishness” public holiday – a national day – and Britishness lessons in schools.
But is there really a problem with the way the British view themselves? “There isn’t a
15
crisis of national identity,” says Lord Goldsmith who wrote the report, “but the research
does show there’s been a diminution in national pride, in this sense of belonging.” A
recent opinion poll shows that just 37 per cent of people describe themselves as “British”,
if asked their nationality. Nowadays, they are more likely to regard themselves not as
British, but as English, Scottish, Irish or Welsh.
20
So what’s happened to British culture and values? Gordon Brown claims that British
culture is disappearing due to globalisation. Others blame consumerism: the Chief Rabbi,
Sir Jonathan Sacks, cites the example of Sunday shopping. “What we have lost in British
culture is Sunday lunch, dedicated family time. We come in, stick the pizza in the
microwave and eat watching television.” But maybe our traditions are disappearing
25
because people want to move on from the past. Many Brits feel uncomfortable with the
idea of patriotism due to its associations with the British Empire and nationalist groups.
Dr Hand, a history education expert explains, “Since all national histories are at best
morally ambiguous, it’s an open question whether citizens should love their countries.”
And perhaps the British sense of ambiguity towards their own nationality is not
30
something lost, but something gained. Fahad Ehsan, a 27-year-old salesman says, “All
this talk of a day to celebrate Britishness misses the point: Britain doesn’t have a clearly
defined culture anymore – which is not necessarily a bad thing.” Fahad came to Britain
22
UNIT 2 A world UNIT 2 Acultures
of many WOAGES
three years ago. In Britain, he started meeting people from other cultures and he realised
there was nothing to fear, “that we are all the same. Instead of grieving for what it has
35 lost in terms of culture, Britain should celebrate what it has gained.”
So will these new proposals come off? An extra day’s holiday won’t be unpopular, but
many people object to the idea of a graduation ceremony in British schools. Baroness
Kennedy, from the House of Lords said: “I think this is a serious mistake – I think it’s
rather silly. The symbols of a healthy democracy are not to be found in empty gestures
40 and I’m afraid I see this as an empty gesture.”
Not all of the proposals have been rejected: a recent poll by the newspaper, The Daily
Telegraph, revealed that over 50% of people think that “Britishness” should be taught in
schools. But if we can’t define it, how can we teach it?
Club magazine, Mary Glasgow magazines (adapted, 2013)
2.
Say if the sentences are TRUE or FALSE. Quote from the text to support your answers.
a) What defines the British is no longer consensual.

TRUE. “There was a time when people knew what it meant to be British: politeness, reserve, a good sense of humour and
roast beef for Sunday lunch. But those concepts are no longer clear.” (ll. 1-4)
b) The government wants to implement measures to revive British pride.

TRUE. “The British Government thinks we aren’t British enough. With plans for a ‘British Day’ and a citizenship ceremony for
young people, it wants to inspire the nation with a sense of shared ‘Britishness’, a new report says.” (ll. 5-9)
c) Everyone in Great Britain shares the same idea on patriotism.

FALSE. “Many Brits feel uncomfortable with the idea of patriotism due to its associations with the British Empire and
nationalist groups.” (ll. 25-26)
d) To be British means having specific values and traditions.

FALSE. “Britain doesn’t have a clearly defined culture anymore …” (ll. 31-32)
3.
a) discretion (paragraph 1) reserve (l. 2) d) unease (paragraph 4) uncomfortable (l. 25)
b) survey (paragraph 3) poll (l. 17) e) suffering (paragraph 5) grieving (l. 34)
c) devoted (paragraph 4) dedicated (l. 23) e) devoid (paragraph 6) empty (l. 39)
23

a) Describe a typical British person according to the text.
A typical British person would be kind, discrete, humorous, value the family and enjoy roast beef.

b) Why do many British people feel uncomfortable about the idea of patriotism?
Many British people feel uneasy with the idea of patriotism because of its possible connection with nationalist groups.

c) Do you think “Britishness” can be taught? Justify your answer.

d) What about your nationality? How would you define it?

Students' own answers (c-d)
5. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given in the box.
because some people don’t want to chips background

foggy North African healthcare and education speech
CHARLOTTE, 15

Are you British?
I’m part British and part a) North African , but really
I’m ME! And being myself means a lot more than a nationality.
What’s typically British?
Fish and b) chips and sportswear.
Should we swear an oath to the Queen?
No way! Not many people like the Queen.
What’s the best thing about Britain?
Free c) speech .
What’s the worst thing about Britain?
So many young people dying.
SANA, 16

Are you British?
I’ve lived in Britain all my life. However, my family d) background
is Indian so I describe myself as British Indian.
24
UNIT 2 A world of many cultures
Should we swear an oath to the Queen?

It isn’t a good idea e) because some people don’t want to
What’s the best thing about Britain?
The f) healthcare and education are good.
What’s the worst thing about Britain?
It’s quite g) foggy and very expensive!
6. Imagine you were living in the UK. Give your own answers.
a) What is typically British?

b) What is the best thing about Britain?

c) What is the worst thing about Britain?

Students' own answers
vocabulary
7. Complete the diagram.
Royal Family
foggy British
guards United Kingdom Irish
Tower of London Scottish

Welsh
8. Draw a similar diagram with information about your own country.
My Country
25
9. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box.
reserved (distant, polite) rap African-Americans

historical counsellors cultural
a) The British are usually considered reserved (distant, polite) people.

b) The music industry of rap , which is very popular among African-Americans ,
is very profitable in the USA.
c) University groups provide counsellors , who guide students during their academic life.
d) European capitals of culture are chosen not only according to their historical
monuments, but also based on their cultural activity.
GRAMMAR
10. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
a) “The British Government thinks we aren’t British enough. With plans for a ‘British Day’ and a
citizenship ceremony for young people, it wants to inspire the nation with a sense of shared
‘Britishness’, a new report says.”
A new report said the British Government thought they weren’t British enough. With plans for a “British Day”
and a citizenship ceremony for young people, it wanted to inspire the nation with a sense of shared “Britishness”.

b) “There isn’t a crisis of national identity,” says Lord Goldsmith who wrote the report, “but the
research does show there’s been a diminution in national pride, in this sense of belonging.”
Lord Goldsmith stated that there wasn’t a crisis of national identity, but the research did show there had been a
diminution in national pride, in that sense of belonging.

c) “What we have lost in British culture is Sunday lunch, dedicated family time. We come in, stick the
pizza in the microwave and eat watching television.”
It was said that what they had lost in British culture was Sunday lunch, dedicated family time. The British came in, stuck
the pizza in the microwave and ate watching television.

d) “So will these new proposals come off? An extra day’s holiday won’t be unpopular, but many people
object to the idea of a graduation ceremony in British schools.”
It was asked if those new proposals would come off. It was added that an extra day’s holiday wouldn’t be unpopular, but
many people objected to the idea of a graduation ceremony in British schools.
26
11. Fill in the table with contrast connectors.
CONTRAST CONNECtORS
though
although
even though
despite
in spite of
however
nevertheless
nonetheless
12. Rewrite the sentences using a contrast clause.

a) Countries are the result of the different cultures coexisting in them. The typical features of each
culture might remain intact if people hold on to them.
Although/Even though/Though countries are the result of the different cultures coexisting in them, the typical features of
each culture might remain intact if people hold on to them.
b) Each person is a legacy of a certain culture. Globalisation will tend to end the individuality of
cultures.
Although/Even though/Though each person is a legacy of a certain culture, globalisation will tend to end the individuality
of cultures.
WRITING
13. Look at the picture and describe it.
14. Do you consider it humorous?
Justify your answer.
15. Give your own definition of

“people”.
“Senator, the American people, whom you often mention in your speeches,
would like a word with you.”
27
2.2 Tolerance and Equality
READING
1. Read the text by James Kirkup and identify its missing parts.
Emigration:
Two million quit Britain in “talent drain”
Two million people of working age have left Britain over the last decade in a “drain of
talent” (a) 3 .
Nick de Bois, secretary of the 1922 Committee of
Doctors
backbench MPs, said that Britain needs a “culture Scientists
5 change” to stem the flow of talented emigrants by
encouraging success. Office for National Statistics

Scotland
figures obtained by Mr de Bois show that in the ten
years to 2011, a total of 3,599,000 people permanently
left the UK. Contrary to the perception of the typical Northern
Ireland
UNITED
10 emigrants being older people retiring to a life in the
KINGDOM CEO
sun, the figures show that 1,963,000 of those who left IRELAND
England
were aged between 25 and 44. Wales
London
By contrast, only 125,000 people of retirement age

emigrated. Engineers
15 “Our most economically active are leaving to apply
their talents elsewhere,” the MP said, warning that Teachers
talented Britons are being lured away to “growth
economies” elsewhere in the world.
Mr de Bois warned that the current political focus on cutting immigration has meant
20 not enough attention is paid to the impact of emigration.
“Lost in the debate is the enormous damage being done to our economy by migration
from the UK. Ministers must do more to persuade high-achieving, highly-mobile workers
that Britain remains the best place in the world to work and prosper.u2p28h1 Work needs to begin
on keeping people here and not relying on importing others to fill the gap. Many of those
25 who are leaving (b)
5 .
He added: “Questions have to be asked as to why, even in a truly global economy
where labour markets are relatively open, we here in the UK cannot hold onto our own
home-grown, home-educated talent.”
Research for the Home Office last year found that almost half of all Britons who
30 emigrate each year are professionals and company managers. (c) 4 . Mr de Bois said tax
28
does play a part in emigration, but suggested that culture is a more important factor,
warning that Britain should encourage people to succeed and get rich, not criticise them.
“Government must help lead a culture change in this country that competes with the new
economies, one where competitiveness and success are valued and personal achievement
35 and personal wealth are respected, not pilloried. The language that Government uses is
as important (d) 2 .
The MP’s warning is the latest suggestion that Britain is suffering a “brain drain” and
losing out in the global competition for highly-educated workers.
Official figures in November revealed that (e) 1 .
40 Almost one in 10 British graduates from institutions such as Cambridge, Durham,
Exeter and Oxford who found jobs in 2011 were working overseas.
Retrieved from The Telegraph. www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/9819096/Two-million-quit-Britain-

in-talent-drain.html (abridged and adapted, November 2013)
1. thousands of British graduates from the best UK universities are choosing to work abroad; 2. as the policies it
presents to compete with the lure of other countries that are attracting some of our country’s best home-grown
talent.”, he said; 3. that is damaging the economy and forcing employers to rely on immigrant workers, a senior
Conservative has warned; 4. Some business leaders have blamed Britain’s tax regime for encouraging skilled
professionals and executives to leave; 5. are going to work for foreign-based pharmaceutical, aerospace,
engineering and creative companies, he said.
2. Find words in the text with the same meaning as …

a) harm damage (l. 21) c) investigation research (l. 29)

b) native home-grown (l. 28) d) motivate encourage (l. 32)

3. Find antonyms in the text for the following words …

a) pushed away lured (l. 17) c) praised pilloried (l. 35)

b) regress prosper (l. 23) d) illiterate highly-educated (l. 38)


a) What is worrying Nick de Bois?
He is concerned about the large number of qualified emigrants that left the UK in the last ten years.

29
2.2 Tolerance and Equality
b) Describe the people who are leaving the country.

Working age people from 25 to 44 years of age.

c) What is the impact of such an outflow on the economy of the country?
This emigration can be harmful to the economy, because people with qualifications leave and then employers have to
count on immigrant work.
d) Mention the reasons that contribute to emigration in the UK.

One of the reasons for emigration is the tax policy, but the main aspect is that the government does not stimulate either
competition or ambition, leading talented people to look to other countries in order to find success and wealth.
vocabulary
5.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
a) He is from India, but he has been living in Portugal for two years. Although he is an
immigrant , he’s well adjusted.
b) Juanita’s grandparents are Spanish. She’s always talking about her ancestors ,
telling stories about her childhood.
c) Eduardo moved to the USA ten years ago. He got married to Julia and today he is an American
citizen .
d) There’s a lot of migration within Europe. The Portuguese move to Switzerland,
Romanians come to the Iberian Peninsula, the Turkish go to Germany, and so on.
e) Many Portuguese emigrate to Angola because of the current job opportunities.
GRAMMAR
6. Fill in the table with purpose connectors.
PURPOSE CONNECTORS
to
in order to
so as to
in order that
7. Rewrite the following sentences using a purpose clause.

a) Many people emigrate to the UK. Emigrants hope to have a better life.
Many people immigrate to the UK, in order to/to have a better life.
30
b) Governments implement nationalist measures. They want to preserve the identity of the country.
Governments implement nationalist measures in order to/to preserve the identity of the country.
8. Complete the sentences with a purpose clause.

a) Some people like to keep objects that remind them of their origin, … to preserve their heritage.

b) She always watches the matches of the national football team, … in order to support her country

c) People look for a common identity, … so that they can feel they are a part of something or have accomplished
something.
d) Since he studies art, he went to the USA … to work in MoMa. / to get a job in a great art museum.

WRITING
9.
As you have studied throughout this unit, equality has often to be fought for. For instance,
women did not always have the same rights as men did. And many still do not … Do you think
the following pictures illustrate the emancipation of women? Write a paragraph about this.
Iraqi-American writer and activist Zainab Salbi, the founder of

Women for Women International, delivering a briefing in New York
on "Between Two Women: Growing Up in the Shadow of Saddam."
31
2.3 Solidarity and Volunteering
READING
1. Read the text about Angelina Jolie's humanitarian work.
Oscar-winning actress, professional model, daughter of Academy Award-

winning actor Jon Voight, and listed on countless “most beautiful women” lists,
Angelina Jolie trained and performed at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute
following her mother Marcheline Bertrand, who had studied with Lee Strasberg
directly. A mother to six children and a natural beauty both inside and out, she
needs no introduction as a humanitarian spokesperson to the world.
Jolie first became personally aware of worldwide humanitarian crises while filming
Tomb Raider in Cambodia. She eventually turned to The Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the agency mandated to lead and co-ordinate
international action to protect refugees and resolve refugee problems worldwide, for more
information on international trouble spots.
Since 2001, Jolie has been on field missions around the world and met with refugees and
internally displaced persons in more than 20 countries, including Sierra Leone, Tanzania,
Cambodia, Pakistan, Thailand, Ecuador, Kosovo, Kenya, Namibia, Sri Lanka, North
Caucasus, Jordan, Egypt, New Delhi, Costa Rica, Chad, Syria, and Iraq, to name a few, and
most recently visited earthquake victims in Haiti on her latest trip to help survivors of
conflict and natural disaster.
The Jolie-Pitt Foundation, dedicated to eradicating extreme rural poverty, protecting
natural resources and conserving wildlife, donated $1 million to Doctors Without Borders,
an international medical humanitarian organization created by doctors and journalists in
France in 1971. The organization provides aid in nearly 60 countries to people whose
survival is threatened by violence, neglect, or catastrophe, primarily due to armed conflict,
epidemics, malnutrition, exclusion from health care, or natural disasters, for emergency
medical assistance to help victims of the Haiti earthquake.
Asked what she hoped to accomplish meeting with refugees and internally displaced
persons in more than 20 countries, she stated, “Awareness of the plight of these people. I
think they should be commended for what they have survived, not looked down upon.”
Look to the stars. Retrieved from www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/angelina-jolie#ixzz2TUMvozOv

(abridged and adapted, November 2013)
32
2. Fill in the table with information from the text.
HUMANITARIAN
Family JOBS STUDIES OTHER ASPECTS
ACTIVITY
John actress trained and Natural beauty Field missions in Sierra
Voight (oscar-winning) performed at the Lee Leone, Tanzania,
(father) Strasberg Theatre Cambodia, Pakistan,
Institute Humanitarian Thailand, Ecuador, Kosovo,
Marcheline
professional spokesperson Kenya, Namibia, Sri Lanka,
Bertrand (mother)
model North Caucasus, Jordan,
six children Egypt, New Delhi, Costa
Rica, Chad, Syria, and Iraq.
The Jolie-Pitt Foundation

a) When did Angelina first come into contact with solidary projects?
When the actress was shooting Tomb Raider in Cambodia.

b) What kind of missions does she participate in?
She is engaged in refugee missions, as well as in situations where people are displaced or lose their home in natural
disasters.
c) Mention the aims of the Jolie-Pitt Foundation.

The Foundation’s aims are to end misery, conserve nature and its wildlife.

d) What is Doctors Without Borders? And what does it do?
It is a humanitarian organisation founded by doctors and journalists in 1971, which provides medical care in various countries.
It provides help in cases of natural disasters, military or political conflicts, hunger, violence, epidemics, and so on.
e) Give your opinion on Angelina Jolie’s humanitarian involvement in the worldwide crisis.

33
2.3 Solidarity and Volunteering
VOCABULARY
4. Complete the sentences with some of the words you have learned throughout this subunit.
a) Our campaign aims to distribute blankets to the homeless .
b) There are no facilities for disabled people .
c) We need more donations to buy more wheelchairs.
d) I developed a new sense of life by volunteering .
e) Children are defenseless. Their rights are violated daily.
GRAMMAR
5. Complete the if clauses with the missing verbs.
a) If I had known she needed money, I would have given (give) her some.
b) Unless everybody contributes (contribute), there will always be poverty and famine.
c) If they were (be) able to help, they wouldn't hesitate.
d) If they saw the beggar, they would help (help) him.
6. Write conditional sentences beginning as suggested.

a) If I didn’t have a home, … I would feel miserable/ I would give more value to the one I have.

b) If I were a refugee, … I would only care for the safety of my family.

c) If I could help people in need, …I would help children who die of malnutrition.

d) If I had a lot of money, … I would donate it to institutions that help the poor and refugees.

Suggested answers
7. Match the columns to build meaningful sentences.

a) Homelessness has increased a lot in 4 1. Consequently the organisation was able
recent years to feed the refugees.
b) Many people are displaced 6 2. because of her African heritage.
c) She donated a great deal of money. 1 3. As a result, everybody is feeling
depressed and hopeless.
d) There are many immigrants in our country. 5 4. due to unemployment.
e) She is blonde but has a very dark skin 2 5. Therefore there is a lot of ethnic
diversity.
f) The economic and social crisis is spreading 3 6. because their homes were destroyed by
and the future seems difficult. natural disasters.
34
WRITING
8.
Considering the reality in refugee camps, describe the pictures below and write a short text
about it.
9. Choose ONE of the quotes and write about 100-120 words expressing your opinion.
a) “Poverty entails fear and stress and sometimes depression. It means a thousand petty humiliations
and hardships.”
J. K. Rowling
b) “Any strategy to reduce intergenerational poverty has to be centered on work, not welfare – not only
because work provides independence and income but also because work provides order, structure,
dignity, and opportunities for growth in people's lives.”
Barack Obama
35
Self Check
READING
1. Read the article and give a title to it.
Building bridges

Six months before she died, my

grandmother moved into an old people's
home and I visited her there when I was
in Britain. She was sitting in the living
5 room with fifteen other residents, half of
them asleep. The room was clean and

warm, with flowers and pictures, and
the care assistants were kind and
cheerful. People only moved when they
10 needed to be helped to the bathroom. It
was depressing. Gran talked a lot about

how much she missed seeing her
grandchildren, but to be honest, I
couldn't wait to get away when I visited
15 her there. So I was interested to read a
newspaper article about a new concept

in old people's homes in France. The
idea is simple, but revolutionary:
combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.
20 The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities such as music,
painting, gardening, and caring for the pets which the residents are encouraged to keep.
In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a
child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on and a cuddle.
The advantages are enormous for everyone. The children are happy because they get
25 a lot more individual attention, and respond well because someone has time for them.
They also learn that old people are not different or frightening in any way. And of course,
they see illness and death and learn to accept them. The residents are happy because
they feel useful and needed. They are more active and interested in life when the children
are around and they take more interest in their appearance too. And the staff are happy
30 because they see an improvement in the physical and psychological health of the
residents and have an army of assistants to help with the children.

Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young for many
reasons, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time
to care for ageing relations, families that have moved away, and smaller flats with no
35 room for grandparents. But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without
grandparents and old people who are lonely and feel useless and have no contact with
children. And more families with children who desperately need support.
That's why intergenerational programmes, designed to bring the old and the young
together, are growing in popularity all over the world, supported by UNESCO and other
36
40 organisations. There are examples of successful initiatives all over the world. Using young
people to teach IT skills to older people is one example. Using old people as volunteer
assistants in schools is another, perhaps reading with children who need extra attention.
There are schemes which involve older people visiting families who are having problems,
maybe looking after the children for a while in order to give the tired mother a break. One
45 successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their
sight. The young people help with practical things such as writing letters, reading bank
statements and helping with shopping, and the older people can pass on their knowledge
and experience. Therefore the advantages to society are enormous too. If older people can
understand the youth of today, and vice versa, there will be less conflict in a community.
50 In a world where the number of old people is increasing, we need more understanding
and tolerance. Modern Western society has isolated people into age groups and now we
need to rediscover what 'community' really means. And we can use the strengths of one
generation to help another.
British Council. Retrieved from http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/magazine/

(abridged and adapted, November 2013)
2. Say if the following sentences are TRUE or FALSE. Quote from the text to support your answer.
a) The narrator’s grandmother died with no family member around.
TRUE. “Six months before she died, my grandmother moved into an old people's home …” (ll. 1-3)

b) The revolutionary project may be useful to help children deal with ageing in a positive way.
TRUE. “And of course, they see illness and death and learn to accept them.” (ll. 26-27)

c) No programmes to bring old and young people together have succeeded.
FALSE. “There are examples of successful initiatives all over the world.” (l. 40)

d) There is an initiative in London where youngsters help old people who can’t see very well.
TRUE. “One successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight.” (ll. 44-46)
3. Find words in the text with the same meaning as …

a) happy cheerful (l. 9) d) large extended (l. 33)
b) caress cuddle (l. 23) e) crave desperately need (l. 37)
c) decrease breakdown (l. 33)
37
Self Check
4. Explain the meaning of the following sentences.

a) “… and have an army of assistants to help with the children.” (l. 31)
Old people would be the “soldiers” who would help take care of the children.
b) “… we need to rediscover what 'community' really means … ” (l. 52)

People should be more helpful and solidary, contributing to revisitalising their community.

a) Do you usually spend time with your grandparents? If so, how often?

b) Give your opinion on the role of the elderly in today’s society.
Old people are often excluded from society, seen as useless and disrespected. Everybody should embrace their older
relatives and be educated to respect them, because their wisdom and experience are valuable and priceless.
Suggested answer
VOCABULARY
6. Complete the sentences using some of the vocabulary you have learned in this unit.
a) Respect for human rights is not a reality, since racism still happens today as
it did in the era of slavery.
b) The government is changing the law, in order to enable naturalisation for people
whose
grandparents are Portuguese.
c) Emigrants must always struggle to overcome prejudice during the years they live
abroad.
d) She volunteered to go to China in order to help children in need. She has always been involved in
humanitarian initiatives.
e) In spite of the activists' mission, refugees are still living at the camp with nothing.
GRAMMAR
7. Quote sentences from the text to express …
Result
“Therefore the advantages to society are enormous too." (l. 48)
38
Cause
"The children are happy because they get a lot more individual attention, …” (ll. 24-25)
Purpose
“… maybe looking after the children for a while in order to give the tired mother a break. “ (l. 44)
Conditional
“If older people can understand and accept the youth of today, and vice versa, there will be less conflict in a community.”
(ll. 48-49)
WRITING
8. Describe the pictures.
9. What emotions do they depict?
10. Nelson Mandela (1918-2013), the Nobel Peace Prize winner and human rights symbol of the
20th century, had his own views on “poverty”. Do you agree with it? What can be done to
overcome poverty?
39
3.1 Consumer Habits
READING
Taking Shopping Habits to the Extreme

By Allison Linn
More and more Americans are putting their money where their
mouth is.
“It’s just a different way of thinking.” Michelle MacKenzie was
5 talking about the switch from shopping at Target or Safeway to
buying clothes and toys at the thrift store and food at the farmer’s
market. But the eco-conscious mother of two might as well have
been talking about buying only American-made products, or eating
only locally grown food, or deciding to buy as little as possible. Or
10 she could have been speaking for anyone who has decided, for one
reason or another, to put her money where her mouth is.

Over the past year or so, American consumers have been confronted by a series of
alarming issues: mass recalls of Chinese imports, environmental woes, rampant
consumerism and the industrialization of food. The growing awareness of how these
15 issues could impact our lives, and the lives of our children, has forced many of us to
rethink our consumer choices. Maybe we’ve bought a reusable grocery tote or become
more diligent about checking the tags on our children’s toys. But then we get distracted
by more mundane, everyday concerns, and we move on.
On the other side of the spectrum is that small sliver of the population for whom every
20 purchase is framed by these worries. Call them extreme consumers, but not major
consumers. That’s because for most people, buying based on ideology inevitably means
becoming less of a consumer.
Their habits, and most notably their frugality, may be poised to catch on with more
Americans, as the weak economy prompts many of us have to tighten our belts and
25 consider our purchasing decisions more closely.
One striking thing about such extreme consumers is how similar their shopping habits
are, despite their different motivations. The eco-conscious consumer, the patriotic shopper
and the person who seeks to eat locally sourced foods are all likely to pass each other at
the farmer’s market, since a hallmark of each ideology includes supporting local growers.
30 Meanwhile, if you are frugally minded, environmentally aware or focused on buying
American, you may find that your best option for clothes or toys is a secondhand store.
40
UNIT 3 Young people and consumerism
You might expect that people who have chosen to abstain from mainstream shopping
would complain about the constraints of their consumer extremism, or lament a relic of
their easy consumerist past. But it turns out that many people who have made these
35 choices feel – or at least say they feel – liberated from their past life, and soon forgot what
it was like to shop the way most of us do. For many, there also is joy in rediscovering the
habits of their parents or grandparents: growing food, canning vegetables, quilting, baking
bread from scratch.
In different ways they often expressed the same sentiment: “It’s just a different way
of thinking.”
NBC News. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com (abridged and adapted, May 2013)
2.
Re-read the text and find sentences that mean the same as …
a) “… to support something that you believe in, especially by giving money.”
"More and more Americans are putting their money where their mouth is." (ll. 2-3)
b) “… because people spend less money due to economic reasons …

"… as the weak economy prompts many of us have to tighten our belts …" (l. 24)
c) “… those that decided not to consume as much as the rest of the society …”
"… that people who have chosen to abstain from mainstream shopping …" (l. 32)
3.
Using the information in the text profile the following groups of people.
MAINSTREAM CONSUMER ECO-CONSCIOUS CONSUMER PATRIOTIC CONSUMER

Consumers who buy according to their Consumers who are concerned about Consumers who are concerned about
needs or consumption desires and the effects of consumerism on the the massive increase of Chinese
without giving any second thought environment and that changed their imports and therefore only buy
to the consequences of excessive shopping habits, buying organic products made/produced in their own
consumerism. products at farmer’s markets, at country.
second-hand shops, etc
4.
Answer the following questions.
a) Who is Michelle Mackenzie?

She’s an American mum, who is worried about the effects of consumerism on the environment. So she opts to buy clothes
and toys at the thrift store and food at the farmer’s market.
41
3.1 Consumer Habits
b) Name some of the worries felt by some of the American consumers.

Their worries are: the increasing number of Chinese imports, environmental problems, uncontrolled consumerism, the
industrialisation of genetically modified food …
c) What is the message conveyed by the sentence “… we’ve bought a reusable grocery tote or become
more diligent about checking the tags on our children’s toys. But then we get distracted by more
mundane, everyday concerns, and we move on …”.
People are concerned about the impact of the troublesome consequences of consumerism on their lives. Nevertheless,
due to their everyday problems, they tend to forget them, and place these worries in the background.
d) In what ways can the economic situation influence consumers?

People are facing a worldwide crisis, consequently there are fewer people able to consume and those who can consume
less than they did.
VOCABULARY
5.
Tick the odd one out from each group.
a) 1. child labour b) 1. purchase c) 1. shop

X 2. economic growth 2. consume 2. purchase
3. obesity X 3. consumption X 3. advertise
6.
Justify your previous choices.
a) economic growth – because it is something positive

b) consumption – because it’s not a verb
c) advertise – because it’s not a synonym for “buying”
GRAMMAR
7.
Fill in the table.
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
sells a) is / are sold
b) showed was/were shown
had given c) had been given
d) could make could be made
would give e) would be given
f) say is /are said
is writing g) is / are being written
42
8.
Read the sentences and then do the following.
a) mark with (IP) the sentences that express impersonal passives

b) mark with (PP) the sentences that express personal passives
c) tick (✓) the passive sentences without any special structure
PP 1. The girl is said to own more than one thousand pairs of shoes.
✓ 2. A new car was bought by the Minister.
IP 3. It is said that the situation is improving.
✓ 4. Extreme consumerism has been held responsible for the increase in environmental problems.
IP 5. It is believed that one in ten consumers have a shopping disorder.
PP 6. Shopping is considered a peril to humankind by many environmental associations.
PP 7. Kennedy is said to have changed consumer rights laws.
✓ 8. Very good products can be found at second-hand shops.
IP 9. It was asked if Mary had already visited the new shopping centre.
PP 10. Shopping centres were considered the cause of the bankruptcy of many local stores.
9.
Rewrite the previous sentences in the active voice.
a) They say that the girl owns more than one thousand pairs of shoes.
b) The Minister bought a new car.
c) They say that the situation is improving.
d) People have held extreme consumerism responsible for the increase in environmental problems.
e) They believe that one in ten consumers have a shopping disorder.
f) Many environmental associations consider shopping a peril to humankind.
g) They say that Kennedy changed consumer rights laws.
h) People can find very good products at second-hand shops.
i) They asked if Mary had already visited the new shopping centre.
j) They considered shopping centres the cause of the bankruptcy of many local stores.
WRITING
10.
When you buy something, are your choices only based
on its colour, taste, smell, size, …?
Or do you take other aspects into account, such as the
place it was produced, who produced it, what it is
made of …? Write an opinion paragraph on this topic.
43
3.2 Advertising
READING
1. Read the text and identify its missing parts.
How Does Today’s Advertising Impact

on your Body Image?
Advertisers often emphasize sexuality
and (a) 3 in an attempt to sell products,
but researchers are concerned that this
places undue pressure on women and
5 men to focus on their appearance. In a
survey by Teen People magazine, 27% of

the girls felt that the media pressures
them to have a perfect body, and a poll
conducted by the international ad agency
10 Saatchi and Saatchi found that (b)
1
.
Researchers suggest advertising media
may adversely impact women's body
image, which can lead to unhealthy
behavior as women and girls strive for the ultra-thin body idealized by the media.
15 Advertising images have also been recently accused of (c) 2 , and men and boys are
beginning to risk their health to achieve the well-built media standard.

Advertisements emphasize thinness as a standard for female beauty, and the bodies
idealized in the media are frequently atypical of normal, healthy women. In fact, (d) 5 ,
and a young woman between the ages of 18-34 has a 7% chance of being as slim as a
20 catwalk model and a 1% chance of being as thin as a supermodel. However, 69% of girls
in one study said that magazine models influence their idea of the perfect body shape,
and the pervasive acceptance of this unrealistic body type creates (e) 4 .
Some researchers believe that advertisers purposely normalize unrealistically thin
bodies, in order to create an unattainable desire that can drive product consumption.
25 “(f)
8 . And by reproducing ideals that are absurdly out of line with what real bodies
really do look like ... The media perpetuates a market for frustration and disappointment.
Its customers will never disappear,” writes Paul Hamburg, an assistant professor of
Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.
UNITUNIT
3 Global
3 Young
communications
people and consumerism
(g) 6 , there is growing awareness regarding the pressure men and boys are under to
30 appear muscular. Many males are becoming insecure about their physical appearance as
advertising and other media images raise the standard and idealize well-built men.
Researchers are concerned about how this impacts men and boys, and have seen an
alarming increase in obsessive weight training and (h) 7 that promise bigger muscles or
more stamina for lifting.
Healthy Place. Retrieved from http://www.healthyplace.com/eating-disorders/articles/eating-disorders-body-

image-and-advertising/ (abridged and adapted, May 2013)
1. ads made women fear being unattractive or old; 2. setting unrealistic ideals for males; 3. the importance of
physical attractiveness; 4. an impractical standard for the majority of women; 5. today's fashion models weigh
23% less than the average female; 6. Although distorted body image has widely been known to affect women
and girls; 7. the use of anabolic steroids and dietary supplements; 8. The media markets desire.
2. Order the words to build meaningful sentences about the text.

a) There created many by stereotypes advertisers are beauty the
There are many beauty stereotypes created by the advertisers.
b) a feel quarter American of girls the pressure to media achieve the body Around perfect of the
Around a quarter of American girls feel the pressure of the media to achieve the perfect body.
c) have are the influenced by also advertisers, Boys feeling to well-built body need the a
Boys are also influenced by the advertisers, feeling the need to have a well-built body.
d) The create their images body, that they more easily sell so products can unattainable advertisers
The advertisers create unattainable body images, so that they can more easily sell their products.
3. Choose one of the previous sentences and give your personal opinion
on it. Mention your agreement or disagreement and your feelings
towards the situation presented.
45
3.2 Advertising
VOCABULARY
4.
Match the most common techniques used by the advertisers to their definitions.
a) Promotional advertising 9 1. The advertisers here just play with words by saying
that their product works better but don’t answer how
much more than their competitor’s.
b) Bandwagon advertising 4 2. The advertisers use punch lines which compliment the
consumers who buy their products.
c) Facts and statistics 10 3. The advertisers use celebrities to advertise their
products. The celebrities or stars endorse the product
by telling their own experiences with the product.
d) Unfinished ads 1 4. This type of technique involves convincing the
customers to join the group of people who have bought
this product and be on the winning side.
e) Weasel words 7 5. This technique is used to bribe the customers with
some thing extra if they buy the product.
f) Endorsements 3 6. The advertisers using this technique ask questions to
the consumers to get a response to their products.
g) Complementing the customers 2 7. In this technique, the advertisers don’t say that they are
the best from the rest, but don’t also deny this.
h) Patriotic advertisements 8 8. These ads show how one can support their country
while using their product or service.
i) Questioning the customers 6 9. This technique involves giving away samples of the
product for free to the consumers. The items are
offered at trade fairs, promotional events, etc .
j) Bribes 5 10. Advertisers use numbers, proofs, and real examples to
show how well their product works.
5. Read the slogan and identify the advertising technique used.

a) Buy two, take three. Bribes
b) Softsleep is recommended by the majority of paediatricians. Facts and statistics / Endorsements (if it is a
well-know paediatrician)
c) 70% of teens already have one. Why don’t you? Facts and statistics
d) Buy Portuguese products. You are helping the economy. Patriotic advertisements
e) Beautytop meant for gorgeous women. Complimenting the customers
GRAMMAR
6.
The following list contains prepositional verbs. Underline the correct preposition. Sometimes
more than one option is possible. You may find it useful to use your dictionary.
a) account for / up / about f) appeal at / with / to k) belong to / up / on

b) adjust up / to / with g) argue with /about /on l) boast in / on / about
c) admit to / for / in h) apologise for / about / in m) borrow from / to / at
d) agree with / on / up i) approve of / with / at n) concern about / with / in
e) apply against / for / at j) believe up / with / in o) concentrate in / on / up
46
p) confess to / about / into t) listen up / to / about x) prepare for / up / about

q) confuse with / at / in u) long about / to / for y) refer to / on / in
r) congratulate on / about / for v) persist at / on / in z) rely in / on / to
s) laugh at / about / with w) pray up / in / for
7.
Fill in the blanks using a suitable prepositional verb from the previous exercise.
a) I will apply for the job.

b) You can rely on me.
c) Let’s pray for those in need.
d) This coat was borrowed from my sister.
e) The text refers to the economic situation of the country.
f) She argued with her best friend.
WRITING
8.
Read the following slogans. Then choose a product, service or company and create your own
slogan. Follow the tips given.
1. Beanz M eanz Heinz – Heinz, 1967 9. It is. Are You? – The Independent, 1986
2. Just Do It – Nike, 1987 10.
It’s Finger Lickin’ Good – KFC, 1950s
3. Does Exactly What It Says on the 11.
Say It With Flowers – FTD, 1917
tin – Ronseal, 1994 12.
Keep Calm and Carry On – HM Gov, 1939
4. Make Love Not War – Various, 1965 13.
It’s The Real Thing – Coca-Cola, 1940
5. Every Little Helps – Tesco, 1993 14.
You Either Love It Or Hate It – Marmite,
6. Have a Break. Have a Kit Kat – Kit Kat, 1957 1996
7. He keeps going and going and … – Energizer 15.
Because I’m Worth It – L’Oreal, 1971
8. Think Different – Apple, 1997
WRITING TIPS
Slogans: Keep it short
• They should never be longer than
a sentence and ideally should hit the
words. sweet spot between six to eight
• Any longer than a sentence and
your slogan will become jumbled and
has an accompanying jingle. ultimately forgettable, unless it rhym
es or
• Brevity lends itself to memorab
ility, which is the primary goal with
one sentence. slogan writing, so limit any and all
slogans to
47
3.3 Ethics in Advertising
READING
1. Read the following text carefully.
Call for Ban on Under-11s Advertising

By Angela Harrison
Advertising aimed at children of primary school

age and younger should be banned, a group of
authors, journalists and academics has said.
5
The group supports a new campaign called “Leave
our kids alone” which says techniques aimed at
manipulating adult emotions and desires are being
used on children as young as two in the UK. Campaign
co-founder Jonathan Kent says the adverts are like
10
"kiddie crack". But the advertising watchdog says rules on advertising to children are strict.
Mr Kent, a journalist and broadcaster, told the BBC he had seen the effect of advertising
on his six-year-old son."He's like most children – if I don't get to the TV before him, he's
grabbed the remote and found an ad," he said. "It's like watching kiddie crack take hold,
despite all our best efforts."
15
About 50 supporters of the campaign have signed a letter to the Telegraph which says
advertisers make "heavy use of pester power because it is more effective than targeting
parents directly". The supporters include writers Bel Mooney and Susie Orbach, Sir Tim
Brighouse (the former schools commissioner for London), academics and childcare experts.
The letter says: "We are in danger of turning out generation after generation of young
20
consumers rather than young citizens – people who define themselves more by what they
buy and the objects they display rather than by what they can contribute to the society in
which they live."
The Advertising Standards Authority is the watchdog for the industry. It says UK
advertising codes are among the strictest in the world – especially when it comes to
25
protecting children. It says it has not seen any evidence that would support calls for an
outright ban on advertising to children, but will listen to concerns as part of its
commitment to "providing a safe environment in which children can engage with ads
and ensuring ads are prepared responsibly".
In a statement, a spokesman said: "The protection of children sits at the heart of our
30
work and we will not hesitate to ban any ad that is potentially harmful or inappropriate
for them. Regulation in this area is deliberately strict, but proportionate and based on the
best available evidence."
48
Jonathan Kent says research has linked growing commercial pressures on children to
higher rates of depression, lower self-esteem and to mental health problems but that it is
35 very difficult to prove such a link.
"Most parents will know instinctively that their children are deeply affected by
advertising. They'll also know that children now are far more materialistic than children
were 20 or 40 years ago." Advertisers have argued that parents should talk to their
children about the industry so they understand it.
BBC. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-22108722 (abridged and adapted, May 2013)
2.
Say who or what the underlined words in the text refer to.
a) which the new campaign called "Leave our kids alone" d) it heavy use of pester power
b) his Mr Kent’s e) they young citizens
c) our parents’ f) it the advertising industry
3.
Explain the expressions / sentences below according to the information in the text.
a) heavy use of pester power

The children's ability to affect their parents' shopping decisions, often through nagging.
b) The advertising watchdog says rules on advertising to children are strict
The organisation that supervises advertising says rules on advertising directed to children are strong.
4.
Comment on the following sentence “We are in danger of turning out generation after
generation of young consumers rather than young citizens”.

We are creating a society of citizens whose main aim is consuming instead of tightening family ties, for example.

Suggested answer
49
3.3 Ethics in Advertising
GRAMMAR
5.
Decide if the following nouns are countable (C) or uncountable (U). Sometimes more than one
option is possible. You may find it useful to use your dictionary.
a) television C or U i) pencil C q) data U (+ plural/singular verb)

b) food C or U j) travel U r) dust U
c) evidence U k) fame U s) traffic U
d) question C l) chaos U t) material C or U
e) person C m) education C or U u) letter C
f) transportation U n) minute C v) cheese C or U
g) problem C o) mistake C w) flour U
h) employment U p) milk U x) childhood C or U
6. Complete the sentences with a few, few, a little, or little.

a) The teacher teaches very well. Consequently, only a few students have doubts at the
end of the class.
b) I’m late, because there was a little traffic.
c) I like music. I like to listen to a little music before going to bed.
d) John didn’t like the soup, because it had little salt.
e) I can’t help him. I have little time.
f) I can buy this purse. I still have a little money.
g) Mary has got a few problems, but everything will work out.
h) My mother is always complaining that she receives few letters.
7. Write your own examples, using the words given.

a) few / people
Few people buy their goods only by watching advertisements on TV.
b) little / information
There was little information about the toy advertised earlier on TV.
c) a few / friends
Only a few friends of mine pay attention to TV ads.
Suggested answers
8. Rewrite the sentences with the causative use of the verb have.
a) The shop assistant sent my dress to the seamstress.
I had my dress sent to the seamstress by the shop assistant.
b) They’ll have to clean her house.

She will have to have her house cleaned.
c) The fridge needs to be repaired.

You will have to have your fridge repaired.
50
WRITING
9.
Imagine you bought a new tablet but it isn’t working. You have already contacted the trader in
order to repair it or find a viable solution. Nevertheless, they have failed to provide one. Write
a letter requesting a refund for the tablet.
Letter
Trader’s Name Your Name

Trader’s Address Your Address
Date:
Reference:
Dear ,
On (date) I bought (item) from you at a cost of £
(or €) (also specify method of payment)...
The (item) is faulty and the defects are listed below:
1.
2.
3.
I have previously reported this to you on (date) but you have failed to provide a remedy within a
reasonable amount of time.
The Sale of Consumer Goods and Associated Guarantees Directive 99/44/EC requires you to provide me with a
remedy within a reasonable amount of time. As you have failed to do this, I am now entitled to claim a reimbursement
of the money that I have paid.
I request that you provide me with a full refund of £ (€) within the next two weeks.
Yours sincerely/faithfully,
51
Self Check
READING
Have you ever stood behind

someone in line at a store and
watched him or her shuffle through
a stack of what must be at least 10
5 credit cards? Consumers with this
many cards are still in the minority,

but experts say that the majority of
U.S. citizens have at least one
credit card – and usually two or
10 three. It's true that credit cards
have become important sources of

identification – if you want to rent
a car, for example, you really need
a major credit card. And used
15 wisely, a credit card can provide
convenience and allow you to

make purchases with nearly a
month to pay for them before finance charges kick in.
That sounds good, in theory. But in reality, many consumers are unable to take
20 advantage of these benefits because they carry a balance on their credit card from month
to month, paying finance charges that can go up to a whopping 23 percent. Many find it
hard to resist using the old "plastic" for impulse purchases or buying things they really
can't afford. The numbers are striking: in 1999, American consumers were charged about
$ 1.2 trillion on their general-purpose credit cards.
25 Let's start at the beginning. A credit card is a thin plastic card, usually 3-1/8 inches by
2-1/8 inches in size, that contains identification information such as a signature or
picture, and authorizes the person named on it to charge purchases or services to his or
her account – charges for which he or she will be billed periodically. Today, the
information on the card is read by ATMs, store readers, and on Internet computers.
30 The use of credit cards originated in the United States during the 1920s, when
individual companies, such as hotel chains and companies, began issuing them to
customers for purchases made at those businesses. This use increased significantly after
World War II.
The first universal credit card – one that could be used at a variety of stores and
35 businesses – was introduced by Diners Club, in 1950. With this system, the credit-card
company charged cardholders an annual fee and billed them on a monthly or yearly
basis. Another major universal card – "Don't leave home without it!" – was established in
1958 by the American Express company.
Later came the bank credit-card system. Under this plan, the bank credits the account
40 of the merchant as sales slips are received (this means merchants are paid quickly –
something they love!) and assembles charges to be billed to the cardholder at the end of
52
UNIT 3 UNIT 3 people
Young Globaland
communications
consumerism
the billing period. The cardholder, in turn, pays the bank either the entire balance or in
monthly installments with interest (sometimes called carrying charges).
The first national bank plan was BankAmericard, which was started on a statewide
45 basis in 1959 by the Bank of America in California. This system was licensed in other
states starting in 1966, and was renamed Visa in 1976.

Other major bank cards followed, including Mastercard, formerly Master Charge. In
order to offer expanded services, such as meals and lodging, many smaller banks that
earlier offered credit cards on a local or regional basis formed relationships with large
50 national or international banks.
HowStuffWorks. Retrieved from http://money.howstuffworks.com/personal-finance/debt-management/

credit-card.htm (abridged and adapted, May 2013)
2. Find words in the first paragraph of the text that mean the same as ...
a) pile stack (l. 4)
b) intelligently wisely (l. 15)
c) interest charges (l. 18)
3. Skim through the text to find out what happened in ...

a) 1950 “The first universal credit card – one that could be used at a variety of stores and businesses – was introduced by
Diners Club, in 1950.” (ll. 34-35)
b) 1958 “Another major universal card – ‘Don't leave home without it!’ – was established by the American Express company.”
(ll. 37-38)
c) 1959 “The first national bank plan was BankAmericard, which was started on a statewide basis (…) by the Bank of
America in California.” (ll. 44-45)
d) 1976 "… was renamed Visa." (l. 46)
4. Fill in the table using your own ideas.
CREDIT CARDS
Advantages Disadvantages
• no need to carry money • spend more money than one has

• rent cars • high interest charges
• some credit card companies offer insurance for the • credit card fraud
customers
Suggested answers
53
Self Check
vocabulary
5. Label the pictures using words or expressions from the text.
a) rent a car b) ATM c) oil companies
d) hotel chains e) credit cards f) purchases
grammar
6. Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
a) Many people believe that advertisers use dubious strategies.
It is believed that advertisers use dubious strategies.
b) They say that the children shouldn’t watch ads.

They say that ads shouldn’t be watched by children.
c)
The doctor asked the patient if he was feeling dizzy.
The patient was asked if he was feeling dizzy.
d) Some parents don’t allow their children to watch too much television.
Children aren’t allowed to watch too much television by some parents.
e) The companies are offering a car to the winner of the contest.

A car is being offered to the winner of the contest (by the companies).
f) The ad agencies have changed their strategies throughout the years.

The strategies of ad agencies have been changed throughout the years.
g) They consider advertising very valuable.

Advertising is considered very valuable.
54
7. Write the following verbs under the correct heading. You may find it useful to use a dictionary.
take in bring up depend on go on look at

point at get up refer to take after consist of
Phrasal verbs Prepositional verbs

• take in • depend on
• bring up • look at
• go on • point at
• get up • refer to
• take after • consist of
8. Correct the mistakes.

a) He didn’t have time, so he had painted his house.
He didn’t have time, so he had his house painted.
b) Bring me some of the cheddar cheeses advertised earlier on TV.

Bring me some of the cheddar cheese advertised earlier on TV.
c) I have few money.

I have little money.
d) I have brake my father’s tablet and he only bought it 5 days ago.

I have broken my father's tablet and he only bought it 5 days ago.
writING
9. Choose ONE of the following topics and write a small opinion text about it.
a) Look at the picture. Do you think that advertisers are using unethical strategies to sell / promote
their products, services or companies?
b) Describe the cartoon. What is its message? Do you think children should watch advertising?
55
4.1 Environmental Problems
READing
1. Read the following text and give it a title.
Ships to sail directly over the north pole by 2050, scientists say.
By 2050 melting sea ice will allow ice-strengthened vessels to sail directly over the pole,
and normal ships to take the “northern sea route”. The dramatic reduction in late summer
sea ice has already made it possible for some ships to travel across the north of Russia (see
photo). Ships should be able to sail directly over the North Pole by the middle of this century,
considerably reducing the costs of trade between Europe and China but posing new economic,
strategic and environmental challenges for governments, according to scientists.
The dramatic reduction in the thickness and extent of late summer sea ice that has taken
place in each of the last seven years has already made it possible for some ice-strengthened
ships to travel across the north of Russia via the "northern sea route". Last year a total of 46 ships
made the trans-Arctic passage, mostly escorted at considerable cost by Russian icebreakers.
But by 2050, say Laurence C. Smith and Scott R. Stephenson at the University of
California in the journal PNAS, ordinary vessels should be able to travel easily along the
northern sea route, and moderately ice-strengthened ships should be able to take the
shortest possible route between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, passing over the pole
itself. The easiest time would be in September, when annual sea ice cover in the Arctic
Ocean is at its lowest extent.
The scientists took two classes of vessels and then simulated whether they would be
able to steam through the sea ice expected in seven different climate models. In each case
they found that the sea routes opened up considerably after 2049.
"The prospect of common open water ships, which comprise the vast majority of the
global fleet, entering the Arctic Ocean in late summer, and even its remote central basin by
moderately ice-strengthened vessels heightens the urgency for a mandatory International
Maritime Organisation regulatory framework to ensure adequate environmental
protections, vessel safety standards, and search-and-rescue capability," it adds.
The northern sea route has been shown to save a medium-sized bulk carrier 18 days
and 580 tonnes of bunker fuel on a journey between northern Norway and China.
Shipowners have said it can save them €180,000-€300,000 on each voyage. A direct route
over the pole could save up to 40% more fuel and time.
The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/mar/04/ships-sail-north-pole-2050
(abridged and adapted, August 2013)
56
UNIT 4 The world around us
2.
Choose the correct answer.
a) By the year 2050 …

1. ships will be able to cross over the North Pole in Russia.
X 2. strong vessels will be able to cross over the North Pole.
3. all kinds of ships will be able to cross over the North Pole.
b) The ships will …
1. cross the ocean more easily in Spring when the ice cover is at its deepest extent.
2. cross the ocean more easily in September when the ice cover is at its highest extent.
X 3. cross the ocean more easily in September when the ice cover is at its lowest extent.
c) Such a route would allow …

1. shipowners to lower trade costs by up to 40%.
2. shipowners to spend ¤150,000 more.
X 3. shipowners to save more than ¤150,000.
3.
The words “navy” and “ice” belong to different lexical families. Complete the table with words
taken from the text that fit into one or the other lexical family.
NAVY ICE
• sea • ice-strengthened
• vessel • North Pole
• ship • Arctic sea
• ocean • ice cover
• Pacific • ice breaker
• Atlantic
• shipowner
• fleet
4. Find words in text with the same meaning as …

a) accompanied (paragraph 2) escorted (l. 15) c) increases (paragraph 5) heightens (l. 23)
b) constitute (paragraph 5) comprise (l. 21) d) path (paragraph 6) route (l. 28)
5.
Name two consequences of the ice melting in the North Pole.
If the ice melts in the North Pole, ships will be able to cross the Pole and this will reduce the costs involved. However, that
probably will influence the climate, then temperatures of the planet will be unbalanced. Furthermore, many species which
depend on that habitat will suffer, such as the Polar Bear.
57
4.1 Enviroment Problems
vocabulary
6. Read the text about the polar bear and fill in the blanks with the words given in the box.
rubbish global warming endangered

exhaustion and hunger habitat greenhouse gases
In Spring 2008, the polar bear was placed on the

(a) endangered species list. According to the Endangered
Species Act, such a species refers to an animal that is likely to face
extinction in its natural (b) habitat . Polar bears have been
categorized as a "threatened" species. The ESA defines a threatened
species as one that is likely to become at risk in the foreseeable
future. The polar bear is the first animal that has been classified as
endangered due primarily to (c) global warming . It is caused by
carbon dioxide and other (d) greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere.
Heating homes, driving cars, and burning (e) rubbish all require fossil fuels that lead
to global warming.
The polar bear's habitat is more vulnerable to global warming than many other species.
Polar bears live mainly on the sea ice in the Arctic. This is where they hunt for fish and build
up fat reserves. When the ice melts many polar bears move to land and live off their stored
fat. In the Arctic, global warming is causing the ice to melt slightly earlier and form slightly
later. This results in a shorter feeding season for the polar bear. Some risk their lives to find
ice. If they have to swim too far they will drown from (f) exhaustion and hunger . The World Wildlife
Fund estimates that 25% of the Arctic sea ice has disappeared in the past 30 years.
English Club. Retrieved from http://www.englishclub.com/reading/environment/endangered-species-
-reading.htm (abridged and adapted, August 2013)
7. The pictures below show environmental problems. Label them.
a) deforestation b) drought c) air pollution d) waste
e) global warming f) overpopulation g) pollutant gases h) fossil fuels
8.
Considering the problems presented, name some environmental friendly actions.
Reforestation, less consumption, recycling, renewable energies, etc.
58
grammar
9. Explain the difference between the Present Perfect Simple and the Present Perfect Continuous.
Both tenses refer to a time in the past that has some connection with the present. When we use the Present Perfect Simple, the event
may have just happened or have a relation to the present time. The Continuous form refers to an event that is still in progress.
10. Write down adverbial words or time expressions which are usually used with the Present
Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous.
Already, just, since, for, yet, recently, this week/month/year.
11. Fill in the blanks using the verbs in the box in the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
Continuous. Sometimes both tenses are possible.
to look to study to struggle to watch to see to find
a) The polar bear has been looking for food for several hours, but he hasn't found any yet.
b) Although many species have struggled / have been struggling for survival, not all of them have had the
same luck.
c) I have never seen such a polluted river. It’s appalling.
d) The scientist has studied/has been studying polar bears for two years.
e) She has been watching the birds since Monday. Look at that one. It’s her favourite hobby.
writing
12. Write a letter to the person in charge of environmental issues in your city suggesting an idea/
project to help protect the environment.
Dear Sir/Madam,
Yours faithfully,
59
4.2 Bioethics and Demography
READING
1. Read this essay on overpopulation and fill in the blanks with the words given in the box.
greedy sky rocket methane oxygen masks resources increase of population

acceptable take care depleted endanger
In 2012 when the planet’s population soars, will we have space to support everyone? Our
population will eventually (a) sky rocket , so in order to live we need to create more space
for our own needs. The (b) increase of population will also increase pollution and the ozone layer
will be (c) depleted . The purpose of this essay is to show the negative effects of
5 overpopulation on the planet.
In the future, there will be less space for us to live in. Soon, people will struggle in order to
take personal space for our own purposes. We will cut down our resources by taking down
trees and replacing them with houses. Many animals will have no home and will die in the
wilderness because we were (d) greedy and decided to increase in numbers. It is not our
10 fault that our population is increasing but we can find a way to conserve space and share it
with each other. Even though we are increasing, soon we will destroy everything we had.
Pollution will increase with a growing population. We will all breathe nothing but pollution
if this keeps going. The future is nearing which means that we will have many inventions
that create more pollution and (e) endanger our planet even more. People will get mad
15 and blame one another but in reality all of us are responsible for this problem. The more
population we have, the more pollution, CO2 and (f) methane , we will create. This
problem is a negative effect on our world, but soon we will have no world if this keeps going.
Having more people is great, but when it means taking personal space that is not ours is
not an (g) acceptable thing to do. Many animals will die and many valuable
20 (h) resources will be gone. In addition, why would we want to live in a polluted world? If
we somehow overcome the problem of space, we will still have a problem of having the air
polluted to the point when everyone has to wear (i) oxygen masks on a daily basis. Our world
can’t wait any longer, we need to (j) take care of this planet or there will be no “future
generation” at all because there will be no planet for them to live in.
Teen Ink. Retrieved from http://www.teenink.com/opinion/social_issues_civics/article/537027/Overpopulation/
60
2.
a) Mention the negative effects of overpopulation.

Less space for each person, more housing, death of animals, increase of pollution.

b) How will people react to the “overpopulation” problem?
They will point fingers at one another, when in fact they are all guilty because pollution is the result of all human action.

c) Give your opinion on this topic.

Student's own answer
3.
Find antonyms for the following words.
a) decreases (paragraph 1) soars (l. 1)
b) preserve (paragraph 2) destroy (l. 11)
c) absolve (paragraph 3) blame (l. 15)
d) unaccountable (paragraph 3) responsible (l. 15)

e) worthless (paragraph 4) valuable (l. 19)
4.
Say who or what the underlined words
in the text refer to.
a) us humans
b) them trees
c) it space
d) this problem overpopulation
61
4.2 Bioethics and Demography
vocabulary
5. Fill in the blanks and solve the crossword.
a) Stem cells are used in scientific f)
research for treating several diseases.
a) S T E M C E L L S
b) Anti- ageing is a reality g) L
due to the development of medicine and L O
other factors. b) A G E I N G
c) Cloning organs is more G I

likely to be accepted by the I N
governments. c) O R G A N S G
L
d) Overpopulation is a dramatic reality
d) O V E R P O P U L A T I O N
in developing countries.
T
e) The working-age will increase e) W O R K I N G – A G E
because people are living longer. O
Therefore they will have to work more N
years.
f) Cloning is a controversial
issue because it involves moral values.
g) Legislation in many countries bans such experiments from taking place.
grammar
6.
Complete the following rules using the words “infinive” or “gerund”.
a) We use the Infinitive form after orders, requests and some reporting verbs. It is also
used to express purpose.
b) After preposition the Gerund form of the verbs must be used. It is also used after
expressions with can't.
c) Some of the verbs followed by the Infinitive are agree, claim, consent, decide, hope,
learn, prepare, persuade, …
d) Some of the verbs followed by the Gerund are admit, avoid, confess, consider, deny,
enjoy, imagine, keep, miss, …
7.
Match the sentences parts.
a) He denied … 3 1. to endorse their project.

b) Scientists are concentrated on … 6 2. to do some research work before
giving an opinion.
c) The foundation persuaded the government … 1 3. conducting such experiments.
d) The teacher advised us … 2 4. to create a common legislation
based on human values and rights.
62
UNIT 4 the world AROUND US
e) My parents want me … 5 5. to be aware of the importance of

recycling and I agree with them.
f) Governments from several countries agreed … 4 6. finding cures for diseases using
stem cells.
g) Our president encouraged … 9 7. acting like an adult."
h) I heard the girls … 10 8. protecting wildlife, especially the
turtles.
i) She is interested in … 8 9. young students to pursue their
convictions, but not to forget
people’s freedom of speech rights.
j) My father told me: "People will 7 10. speaking for half an hour about
respect you, if you start … human rights.
writing
9. Comment on the following picture. What does it tell you about “cloning”?
You may find it useful to check your textbook for more information on cloning.
63
4.3 Alternative Lifestyles
READING
1. Read the text carefully and write a sentence that summarises each paragraph.
My Life as a Vegetarian – Supporting

Linda’s Legacy
Growing up in Liverpool, I would have thought of a
vegetarian as a wimp. We could be a prejudiced bunch at
times but I’m not sure people would automatically think
like that these days. a) First impression of vegetarians
5 I’ve been a vegetarian for a long time now and over the
years I’ve seen how the attitudes have changed around the
world, so I’m not surprised when I see new research that
shows more and more people are increasingly adopting “meat
free eating”. Even 20 years ago, it could sometimes be difficult
10 to find vegetarian options in good restaurants. Now it’s great
to see more and more choices with some brilliant creative

dishes in restaurants, cafés and supermarkets. There is
definitely now an overall greater acceptance of being
vegetarian. b) Becoming a vegetarian
15 My wife, Linda, played a massive part in all this. Over the years, she converted many
people we knew. Our friends, people we worked with and even some of our roadies on
tour. She had a non-aggressive forcefulness about her. We dreamed that one day you
could be driving down the motorway and stop off for some food and there would be
options for us and now of course there are. When Linda originally brought out her range
20 she was pioneering. It kick-started a revolution of choice in the food industry. Over the
years we saw more and more products being added to the market but instead of being a
competitive business woman, Linda thought this was great. The more the better.
c) Linda´s legacy and business / Vegetarian alternatives
People don’t just see it as an issue about kindness to animals. For us, at the time it was
25 about that. One day I had an epiphany. I was taking animals’ lives. These days though, people
are better educated about their diets and the health benefits of reducing meat intake but also
and crucially the environmental impact that meat production has on our planet. The UN
actually produced a report in 2006 (Livestock’s Long Shadow) outlining how the livestock
64
industry was responsible for more harmful gases than the transport industry – they said the
30 best thing you can do is reduce your meat intake. For this campaign some interesting research
was produced, predicting a 50% rise in vegetarianism in the UK and the idea of “flexitarianism”
becoming more widespread as people become educated about the impact of meat eating on
health and the environment. It's becoming more and more clear that one of the most effective
things any individual can do to help the environment is to eat less meat.
35 d) The impact of eating meat
We launched a Meat Free Monday campaign in 2009 (http://meatfreemondays.com/)

in order to encourage people to look at their diets and make a meaningful change by
giving up meat just one day a week. It's not a new idea; it's something that is done in
many places around the world. We thought Monday was a good day to do it as many
40 people tend to overdo it at the weekend. People thought recycling was a bit weird at first
but now it's weird if you don't recycle! e) Meat Free Monday Campaign
Huffpost Celebrity. Retrieved from www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/paul-mccartney/paul-mccartney-life-as-a-

vegetarian-linda-mccartney_b_2545038.html (abridged and adapted, August 2013)
2.
Say if the sentences are (TRUE) or (FALSE). Quote from the text to support your answers.
a) When Paul was young, he had a negative image of vegetarians.

TRUE. “Growing up in Liverpool, I would have thought of a vegetarian as a wimp.” (ll. 1-2)
b) People are still reluctant when it comes to vegetarians.

FALSE. “There is definitely now an overall greater acceptance of being vegetarian.” (ll. 12-14)
c) Linda struggled and succeeded in changing many people's mind.

TRUE. “Over the years, she converted many people we knew.” (ll. 15-16)
d) There are few available meat free alternatives.

FALSE. “Over the years we saw more and more products being added to the market …” (ll. 20-21)
3.
a) superb brilliant (l. 11) d) noxious harmful (l. 29)
b) innovating pioneering (l. 20) e) exaggerate overdo (l. 40)
c) vision epiphany (l. 25) f) uncanny weird (l. 41)
65
4.3 Alternative Lifestyles
4.
a) What was different 20 years ago?

In the past there were no alternatives in restaurants for people who didn’t eat meat.

b) Why do people become vegetarians?
People become vegetarians for different reasons: for the sake of the animals, for environmental reasons and also because it
is believed that being a vegetarian involves having a healthier diet.
c) Explain the meaning of “flexitarianism”.

The term 'flexitarianism' refers to people who eat meat, but also consume vegetables, fruit and dairy products.

d) What was the goal of Linda and Paul’s campaign?
Their goal was to make people aware of the impact on the environment of consuming meat and thus to reduce their
consumption.
e) Is there a similar campaign in your country? Do you think such a campaign could thrive? Why?
Why not?

f) Can you name other famous vegetarians?
Albert Einstein, Leonardo DaVinci, Brad Pitt, …
Suggested answers (d-f)
vocabulary
5. Label the profiled diets with the words given.
o tics Lacto-vegetaria
Macrobi ns
Carnivores
ns
Frutarians Ovo-vegetaria
a) Ovo-vegetarians b) Frutarians c) Carnivores d) Lacto-vegetarians e) Macrobiotics
carrots oranges chicken rice peas

beans lemons beef milk tofu
lettuce apples ham butter peppers
cucumber nuts fish onions cauliflower
rice tomatoes seafood lettuce shrimp
eggs flowers carrots courgette
milk
6.
Write sentences about each one of these diets.
Example: Vegetarians follow a meat-free diet. They don’t eat steaks.
a)
66
b)
c)
d)
e)
grammar
7. Rewrite the sentences using the Past Simple, the Past Perfect Simple or the Past Perfect
Continuous. Make any necessary changes.
a) We watched Super size me, a film about a man eating only fast food for 30 consecutive days. Mary
suggested the film Super size me to us. (when)
When Mary suggested Super Size me to us, a film about a man eating only fast food for 30 consecutive days, we had already
watched it.
b) She has eaten meat for years. She found out she preferred fish. (before)
She had been eating meat for years before she found out she preferred fish.
c) I finished my essay. My mother called me. (just)

I had just finished my essay when my mother called me.
d) The polar bear swam for days. He found a seal. (when)

The polar bear had been swimming for days when he found a seal.
8. Write a sentence using a modal verb to express the following.

a) ability I can make that speech on new lifestyles associated with healthy diets.
b) permission Can I taste this new lacto-vegetarian dish?
c) obligation We must protect the environment.
d) formal request May I read the report on the Antartic seagulls?
Suggested answers
WRITING
9. Choose a film you have watched recently about one of these topics: healthy diet, cloning,
genetic research, “frankenfoods” or sustainable projects. Then write a film review on it.
You may find it useful to check in your textbook for more information.
WRITING TIPS
• Make notes about the film before
you start writing your review.
• Is your review positive or negative?
Brainstorm positive adjectives (convinci
successful, superb, etc) and negative ng, inspiring, outstanding, realistic,
adjectives (slow-moving, disappointing
, uninspired, unrealistic, etc).
• Paragraph 1: An introduction to
the film.
• Paragraph 2: More detailed info
rmation about the plot.
• Paragraph 3: Your opinion and
recommendation.
67
Self Check
READING
1. Read the text carefully and insert each topic into its correct position.
Which form of energy is free during the day, produces no dangerous waste products and will
be available for the next 4 billion years? Solar energy. Here are just some of the things you
can do with it, with a bit of simple technology:
• Lighting • Operating small devices
• Cooking • Keeping things cool
• Driving • Recharging your batteries
• Heating water • Making buildings self-sufficient
• Building your house the right
way round
Solar Energy
a) Cooking b) Heating water c) Lighting
Get a metal box and put some This is the most common use of Many shops now sell small lights
mirrors and a pot inside. Hey solar energy at the moment. It which collect the sun’s energy
presto, you’ve got an oven! The works like this. A system of tubes during the day using a small solar
mirrors focus the sunlight onto the heats up in contact with sunlight. panel. At night they can illuminate
pot to cook the food. The The tubes go into a tank with your garden. The lights on a mobile
temperature can go to at least water in it. A few hours sunshine phone work on a similar principle.
200ºC. Somebody first invented a will give most houses enough hot Recently, a university student used
solar oven in Europe a few water for a whole day. Swimming this idea in a common women’s
centuries ago. They are very useful pools can be heated this way, too. accessory- she invented the
these days in places where there is solar-powered handbag. When you
lots of sunlight, like Africa. The open it, a light comes on. Now it is
alternative is to cut down more much easier for women to find
and more trees to make fires. their belongings inside their
handbags.
d) Operating small devices e) Keeping things cool f) Driving

If you put a small photovoltaic cell Solar-powered refrigerators are Every two years, teams of car
on top of a parking meter, an now available on the market. They designers try to cross Australia.
emergency telephone or a are useful in places where there is They drive from north to south,
calculator, there is no need to be no conventional electricity supply. coast to coast, in the best time
near an electricity supply. In the mountains of Kashmir, the possible and they can only use the
Photovoltaic cells are also used to survivors of a recent earthquake sun to power up their vehicles.
operate satellites in space. There is got safe supplies of blood, vaccines The winners usually do the 3,000
a problem — they are expensive and other drugs because of these km in under a week, going at about
because they are made from refrigerators 100km/h. Major multinational
silicon. companies, including car makers,
sponsor the event. They are hoping
a solar car will become a reality
one day. Then nobody needs to be
dependent on oil.
68
UNIT 4 youngUNIT 4 and
people Thethe
world
global
around
world
us
g) Recharging your batteries h) Making buildings self-sufficient i) Building your house the right way
If you’ve got a laptop computer, a Large solar panels are becoming round The easiest way of
mobile phone or a portable music common on the sides or tops of using the sun’s energy is to make
player and you can’t find an electric buildings to provide electricity for your house face south. Then you
socket, don’t worry. There are now the people working inside. In make sure that the rooms on that
solar panels that fold up and go in Britain, there’s an office block in side are the ones where you spend
a small bag so that you can carry Manchester which is covered in the most time, like the kitchen or
them around with you. They only them. In Greece, twenty per cent of living room. It also helps to put lots
weigh 250 grams. houses have them. of windows on this side of the
building. In the winter they will catch
the maximum amount of sunlight.
The British Council. Retrieved from http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/magazine-articles/

solar-power (abridged and adapted, August 2013)
2.
Choose the best option.
a) A solar oven was invented …
X 1. a long time ago.
2. one hundred years ago.
3. last century.
b) By using a photovoltaic cell you will be able to …
1. operate a satellite TV.
2. use some devices for a low price.
X 3. have electricity but for a high price.
c) Large solar panels are usually used in …

1. British people’s homes.
2. Greece, especially in workplaces.
X 3. several workplaces.
3. Make these sentences true according to the information in the texts.

a) A solar car has already been invented by multinational companies.
Solar cars haven’t been invented yet.
b) Few solar panels are portable and enable people to charge small devices.
Some solar panels are portable and enable people to charge small devices.
c) You can’t use your geographical knowledge to take the best out of the sun light.
You can use geography to take the best out of the sun light.
4. Choose the three uses of solar energy which you find the most interesting and state your
reasons why.
a)
b)
c)
69
Self Check
vocabulary
5. Fill in the blanks with meaningful vocabulary from this unit.
“The (a) climate is changing. The earth is warming up, and there is now
overwhelming scientific consensus that it is happening, and human-induced. With
(b) global warming on the increase and species and their (c) habitats on the
decrease, chances for ecosystems to adapt naturally are (d) diminishing . Many are
agreed that climate change may be one of the greatest (e) threats facing the
planet. Recent years show increasing temperatures in various regions, and/or increasing
extremities in (f) weather patterns.”
Global Issues. Retrieved from http://www.globalissues.org/issue/168/environmental-issues
6. Write down the definitions of the following environmental issues. You may find it useful to
check your textbook for more information.
a) Greenhouse gas Any of the gases that are thought to cause the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide and
methane.
b) Ecological footprint A measure of human demand on the Earth’s ecosystems. It is the standardized measure of demand
for natural capital that may be contrasted with the planet’s ecological capacity to regenerate.
c) Endangered species Animals or plants that soon may no longer exist.

d) Smog A form of air pollution that is or looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, especially in cities.

e) Renewable energy Types of energy that can be replaced naturally such as energy produced from wind, waves or water.

f) Sustainability Using natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment.

grammar
7. Complete the sentences with a suitable verb tense (Present Perfect Simple or Continuous and
Past Perfect Simple or Continuous).
a) She has been living (live) in this city since 2005 and she is not thinking of moving out.
b) William has just bought (just / buy) a solar panel.
c)
When she saw the dolphin, she had just decided (just / decide) to become a volunteer and
help protect animals.
d) I have had (have) the same job since I can remember!
e) When they found about this place, they had been married (be / marry) for 4 years.
70
f) Have you ever visited (visit) China?

g) Yes, I have been (be) to China three times.
h) He lost (lose) his job two years before he emigrated.
8. Tick the odd one out.

a) Can 1. ability 2. permission 3 3. formal request
b) Must 3 1. permission 2. prohibition 3. obligation
c) Will 1. future 2. offer 3 3. advice
d) Should 1. advice 3 2. conditional 3. duty
e) May/might 1. permission 2. probability 3 3. ability
f) Would 1. conditional 3 2. prohibition 3. invitation
9. Complete the sentences using the Infinitive or the Gerund.

a) At school you are expected … to do several tasks like study and show social skills.
b) I told you … to read the book at the weekend.
c) We love … going for a walk in the evening.
d) However, they prefer … to stay at home and watch TV.
e) People hope … to achieve a better quality of life.
writing
10. Choose ONE of the quotes below and write 100-120 words about it.
“We are such spendthrifts with our lives. The trick of living is to slip on and off
the planet with the least fuss you can muster. I’m not running for sainthood.
I just happen to think that in life we need to be a little like the farmer, who
puts back into the soil what he takes out.”
Paul Newman
“What we are doing to the forests of the world is but

a mirror reflection of what we are doing to ourselves and to one another.”
Mahatma Gandhi
71
Self Check Keys
GRAMMAR Page 20
UNIT 1 6. UNIT 3 UNIT 4
a) serious; b) bored; c) carefully;
d) really; e) hard; f) responsible;
READING Page 18 g) nervous; h) well; i) anxiously; READING Page 53 READING Page 68
1. j) finally; k) hardly; l) happiest. 2. 1.
a) 5; b) 1; c) 9; d) 4; e) 2; f) 7; 7. a) stack; b) wisely; c) charges. a) Cooking
g) 8; h) 6; i) 3. a) … I had never met him 3. b) Heating water
2. b) … whom I selected for the job a) “The first universal credit card c) Lighting
a) False. “… he had just completed c) … did they tell me the truth – one that could be used at a d) Operating small devices
12 weeks of working abroad as d) … was so boring variety of stores and businesses e) Keeping things cool
part of his Spanish university e) … experience you have, the – was introduced by Diners Club, in f) Driving
degree course.” better chances you have 1950.” g) Recharging your batteries
b) True. “First and foremost, my b) “Another major universal card h) Making buildings self-sufficient
Spanish improved remarkably, as I – ‘Don't leave home without it!’ i) Building your house the right
really had to get on with it to – was established by the American way round
coach and guide the players I was Express company.” 2.
with.” UNIT 2 c) “The first national bank plan a) 1; b) 3; c) 3.
c) True. “My Spanish grew in was BankAmericard, which was 3.
confidence tenfold too! As well as READING Page 36 started on a statewide basis (…) a) Solar cars haven’t been
this, adapting to live in an 1. by the Bank of America in invented yet.
environment and culture totally Building bridges California.” b) Some solar panels are portable
different on the other side of the 2. d) “… was renamed Visa.” and enable people to charge small
world helped me mature and a) TRUE. “Six months before she 4. devices.
become more independent. died, my grandmother moved into Advantages: c) You can use geography to take
Working within the football team an old people's home …” • no need to carry money the best out of the sun light.
helped me with team work and b) TRUE. “And of course, they see • rent cars
VOCABULARY Page 70
having to adapt to get on with illness and death and learn to • some credit card companies
5.
people of all ages and backgrounds.” accept them.” offer insurance for the customers
a) climate; b) global warming;
d) True. “The country is too huge c) FALSE. “There are examples of Disadvantages:
c) habitats; d) diminishing;
to bracket it as one culture and a successful initiatives all over the • spend more money than one
e) threats; f) weather.
trip out of Buenos Aires will show world.” has
6.
you just that!” d) TRUE. “One successful scheme • high interest charges
a) Any of the gases that are
e) False. “Being away from home in London pairs young volunteers • credit card fraud
thought to cause the greenhouse
was obviously hard, but the people with old people who are losing VOCABULARY Page 54 effect, especially carbon dioxide
I stayed with welcomed me from their sight.” 5. and methane.
the start and made it much 3. a) rent a car; b) ATM; b) A measure of human demand
easier.” a) cheerful; b) cuddle; c) breakdown; c) oil companies; d) hotel chains; on the Earth’s ecosystems. It is the
3. d) extended; e) desperately need. e) credit cards; f) purchases. standardized measure of demand
a) abroad; b) was very keen; 4. 6. for natural capital that may be
c) better; d) independent; a) Old people would be the a) It is believed that advertisers contrasted with the planet’s
e) waking up; f) amazing; “soldiers” who would help take use dubious strategies. ecological capacity to regenerate.
g) endless; h) lasting. care of the children. b) They say that ads shouldn’t be c) Animals or plants that soon may
4. b) People should be more helpful watched by children. no longer exist.
a) Because he didn’t want to just and solidary, contributing to c) The patient was asked if he was d) A form of air pollution that is or
study at a university abroad but revisitalising their community. feeling dizzy. looks like a mixture of smoke and
was very keen to really submerge 5. d) Children aren’t allowed to watch fog, especially in cities.
himself in a country’s culture and b) Old people are often excluded too much television by some e) Types of energy that can be
its people and ways. from society, seen as useless and parents. replaced naturally such as energy
b) He woke up quite early, about 7 disrespected. Everybody should e) A car is being offered to the produced from wind, waves or
a.m., and then went to training on embrace their older relatives and winner of the contest (by the water.
the bus for 8.30 a.m.; the first be educated to respect them, companies). f) Using natural products and
team trained from then until just because their wisdom and experience f) The strategies of ad agencies energy in a way that does not
before 12 p.m. Then he went into are valuable and priceless. have been changed throughout the harm the environment.
town and had lunch and checked
VOCABULARY Page 38 years.
out the city before heading back to GRAMMAR Page 70
6. g) Advertising is considered very
work with the juniors from 3.30 7.
a) racism; b) naturalisation; valuable.
p.m. until 5.30 p.m. After that he a) has been living; b) has just
c) Emigrants; d) humanitarian; 7.
was free. bought; c) had just decided;
e) refugees. Phrasal verbs:
c) Yes, he did. He missed home d) have had; e) had been married;
take in; bring up; go on; get up;
and technology was also a small GRAMMAR Page 38 f) Have … visited; g) have been;
take after.
problem he had to face. 7. h) lost.
Prepositional verbs:
d) He would recommend it to Result “Therefore the advantages 8.
depend on; look at; point at; refer
anyone because it is a chance to to society are enormous too.” a) 3; b) 1; c) 3; d) 2; e) 3; f) 2.
to; consist of.
get away from what one knows, Cause “The children are happy 9.
8.
and not just that, but to visit one because they get a lot more a) … to do several tasks like study
a) He didn’t have time, so he had
of the greatest countries in the individual attention, …” and show social skills.
his house painted.
world. Purpose “… maybe looking after b) … to read the book at the
b) Bring me some of the
the children for a while in order to weekend.
VOCABULARY Page 20 cheddar cheese advertised earlier
give the tired mother a break.” c) … going for a walk in the
5. on TV.
Conditional “If older people can evening.
a) Job sharing; b) telecommuting; c) I have little money.
understand and accept the youth d) … to stay at home and watch TV.
c) Underemployment; d) recruiting; d) I have broken my father's
of today, and vice versa, there will e) … to achieve a better quality
e) made redundant; f) promoted; tablet and he only bought it 5 days
be less conflict in a community.” of life.
g) apply for; h) apprentice. ago.
72
Inglês
1 1.
ano
WORKBOOK
Be Connected
For the student:
Student’s Book
Short Stories Incident in the yard and The lotus eater (oferta ao aluno)
Workbook
Student’s Livromédia
Inglês
1 1.
ano
WORKBOOK
Cláudia Frech e Inês Goulart
Consultor linguístico e pedagógico: David Hardisty
Be Connected

Inglês: Be Connected

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Estrada da Outurela, 118

Impressão e Acabamento: Printer Portuguesa

A world of many cultures

young people and consumerism

3.2 Advertising 44 • "How does today's advertising • Create a slogan • Prepositional verbs

3.3 Ethics in 48 • "Call for ban on under-11s • Letter of complaint • (Un)Countable nouns

the world around us

4.2 Bioethics and 60 • Overpopulation • Cloning, a comment text • Verbs/expressions followed by

4.3 Alternative 64 • “My life as a vegetarian • Film review • Past Perfect Simple

SELF CHECK KEYS Page 72

commitments road tripping couple between

meeting new people

facing challenges travelling

volunteering working abroad

5. Complete the sentences and find the main benefits of volunteering.

a) Mary’s car, that she bought last year, was stolen.

a) They will never accept her resignation letter.

Hands, Michael Angelo

around Los Angeles filling out applications and doing

previous experience. I got discouraged because I couldn’t Nicole Bryant, 18

qualified and gave me directions.

He glanced at me and told me I had the job.

LAYouth. Retrieved from http://www.layouth.com/want-to-get-cursed-out-and-hung-up-on/

c) arbitrary (paragraph 3) random (l. 18)

b) Which characteristics did she consider to be her most important assets?

c) Which strategies did she follow to find a job?

weren’t effective, so she decided to look for ads in the newspaper.

d) Describe her job interview.

e) Was it successful? Why? Why not?

LAYouth. Retrieved from http://www.layouth.com/want-to-get-cursed-out-and-hung-up-on/

Job applied for Education and training Personal information

(a) Personal information

(b) Job applied for Editor

Other language(s) UNDERSTANDING SPEAKING WRITING

(i) Additional information • President of the Students Committee (2006-2008)

(j) Annexes • Application form

make an escape be present at an event leave angrily

a) break out make an escape

b) carry out do and complete a task

c) cross out delete

d) drop out give up

e) storm out leave angrily

f) turn out be present at an event

a) The crowd turned out to watch the parade.

TIM SUSAN CARLY

Height 1.80 1.52 1.65

Good at school ** * ***

Fluency level of languages spoken 1 2 3

a) Tim is taller than Carly.

d) Susan is the least fluent speaker of all.

11. Fill in the blanks to build meaningful sentences.

12. Complete the sentences using adjectives from the box.

the more the stronger the younger the better (2X)

Mail Online. Retrieved from http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-2094769

a) their the workers’ d) he Dr John Philpott

b) it the world of work e) it the new technology

c) us workers from the present f) who their parents or grandparents

a) all in a day’s work 2 1. stop relaxing

excited exciting exhausted exhausting

interested interesting bored boring

amused amusing annoyed annoying

confused confusing tired tiring

3.2 Advertising 44 • "How does today's advertising • Create a slogan • Prepositional verbs

3.3 Ethics in 48 • "Call for ban on under-11s • Letter of complaint • (Un)Countable nouns

4.2 Bioethics and 60 • Overpopulation • Cloning, a comment text • Verbs/expressions followed by

4.3 Alternative 64 • “My life as a vegetarian • Film review • Past Perfect Simple

5. Complete the sentences and find the main benefits of volunteering.

a) Mary’s car, that she bought last year, was stolen.

a) They will never accept her resignation letter.

a) The crowd turned out to watch the parade.

a) Tim is taller than Carly.

11. Fill in the blanks to build meaningful sentences.

12. Complete the sentences using adjectives from the box.

11. This time use I wish or If only to express future wishes.

a) What defines the British is no longer consensual.

b) The government wants to implement measures to revive British pride.

c) Everyone in Great Britain shares the same idea on patriotism.

d) To be British means having specific values and traditions.

a) The British are usually considered reserved (distant, polite) people.

15. Give your own definition of

2. Find words in the text with the same meaning as …

3. Find antonyms in the text for the following words …

4. Answer the following questions.