0-2 Fractions

Concepts & Objectives

Fraction Operations (Obj. 2)
•Perform operations on fractions
without a calculator
fraction An expression that represents the
quotient of two quantities

numerator
2
denominator
3

2
represents 2 out of 3 or
3
2 divided by 3
equivalent Fractions that look different but represent
fractions the same number:

2 1
=
4 2
To reduce a fraction, divide the top and
bottom numbers by a common factor:
2 2÷2 1 6 6÷3 2
= = = =
8 8÷2 4 15 15 ÷ 3 5

To reduce fractions on the calculator:

ÍÍ
Multiplying fractions is much easier than
adding or subtracting, so we will start
with that first.
You do not have to find a common
denominator to multiply or divide.

Steps for MULTIPLYING Fractions:

1. Multiply the numerators and the
denominators.
4 3 4×3 12
× = =
7 6 7 × 6 42
2. Simplify answer.
12 ÷6 2
42 ÷6 7
 Steps for DIVIDING Fractions

1. Flip the second fraction

3 2 3 3
÷ = ×
4 3 4 2
2. Multiply
3 3 9
× =
4 2 8
3. Simplify answer. (Do not try to reduce
a division problem until after you have
flipped the second fraction!)
9
8
 ADDING/SUBTRACTING Fractions
1. Find the Least 5 5
Common Denominator 6 6
1 ×3 3
− −
*a multiple of both denominators
(6 is the LCM of 2 and 3)
2 ×3 6
2. Make an equivalent 5
fraction with the new 6
denominator. 3
−
6
3. Add numerators 5—3=2 2
ONLY and keep the
denominator. 6
4. Simplify if necessary. 2 ÷2 1
6 ÷2 3
 Practice
1 3 3 4 2 8
1. i = 2. i =
2 5 10 5 5 25
⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 2 ⎞ 2 1
3. ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ = = 4.
3 4 12 4
i = =
⎝ 4 ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠ 12 6 5 3 15 5
3 1 3 7 21 1 1 1 2 2 1
5. ÷ = i = 6. ÷ = i = =
5 7 5 1 5 4 2 4 1 4 2
1 5 6 3 7 2 5
7. + = = 8. − =
4 4 4 2 9 9 9
1 1 4 3 7 1 3 5 6 11
9. + = + = 10. + = + =
3 4 12 12 12 2 5 10 10 10
 Practice
4 3 4 12
11. 3 i = i =
5 1 5 5

1 10 2 20
12. 10 ÷ = i = = 20
2 1 1 1

3 3 20 23 3
13. + 5 = + = or 5
4 4 4 4 4

3 3 7 13 35 52 87
14. 1 + 2 = + = + =
4 5 4 5 20 20 20
3 3 15 12 27 7
or 1 + 2 + + = 3 + + = 3+ =4
4 5 20 20 20 20
 Fraction Operations RoundTable
• Number yourselves from 1 to 4 starting
with the earliest birthday.
• For each pair of fractions on your
worksheet, person #1 will find the
product, #2, will find the quotient, #3
will find the sum, and #4 will find the
difference.
• When you receive the paper, check the
work of the person who gave it to you. If
you believe the work is correct, initial it
and praise that person; otherwise,
discuss it with him and arrive at an
answer you agree upon.
• When you have finished all of the pairs,
raise your hands.