LACK OF AGRICULTURE TOOLS ITS EFFECT TO THE

AGRI-CROPS STUDENTS IN SUMOROY

AGRO - INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL

BADILLES, MARIA LIZA P.

CAPACIO, MARIALYN
CAPARROSO, RICHARD
POTOT, MA. FE

DR. GEMMA S. CALOT

TEACHER

2018
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

This study about lack of agricultural tools and it’s

effect to the agri-crops students was instigated by the

Senior highs school student of Sumoroy Agro-Industrial

School, Palapag N. Samar.

Appropriate agricultural tools and equipment should

contribute to the broad objective of increasing the

viability of the small farm. Where small farmers are

currently employing traditional technologies that are

inefficient, they often cannot improve this technology

because of the leap in scale and capital cost to

commercially available equipment. It is therefore the goal

of intermediate technology proponents to help fill this gap

with good quality tools and equipment that are affordable

and suited to the scale of operations of the small farmers.

There is a tendency for equipment development and

commercial firms to concentrate their energies on tools

that are affordable only to the wealthier farmers. This

happens in part because of a focus on what technically

could be done, without attention to financial constraints

faced by the typical small farmer. Contributing factors

include the inappropriate application of industrialized,

extensive farming strategies to small intensive farming

communities, and the failure to include the small farmer in

the process of identifying helpful new technologies that

can truly fit into the existing farming system. The result

is usually either outright failure of innovations to

attract interest or the consolidation of landholdings by

wealthier farmers taking advantage of the technology newly

available. The position of tenant farmer may become worse,

and that of small farmer in general is not improved.

Appropriate technology advocates must be careful to avoid

repeating these mistakes.

The degree of concentration of land ownership is a key

factor in determining if there are opportunities available

for appropriate technology strategies in a community.

Agricultural technologies developed with and for the

smallest farmer can certainly strengthen the viability of

their farms. But if most families have no land at all, land

reform and the establishment of rural industries may be far

more important steps in a positive community development

program than the improvement of agricultural tools and

equipment.

In most of Asia and much of Latin America, farms are

quite small. Under these conditions, most mechanized

equipment will not increase the amount of food produced,

but will only decrease the amount of labor required.

Productivity per acre or hectare may in fact decline if

these large tools require extra space to maneuver and wide

lanes to drive or roll over. The appropriate tools under

such circumstances, even if supported by unlimited

resources, would be very different than those used in the

United States, where the amount of cultivated land per

capita is relatively large.

From the national perspective, support for communities

of small farms should bring significant benefits. Whereas

it has been widely assumed that only the large farm could

efficiently increase national food production in the

struggle against hunger, mounting evidence from many

countries indicates that the small farm has higher yields

per acre and plays a crucial role in the distribution of

food.1

1
David Bartecchi, villageearth.org/pages/sourcebook/agricultural-tools p1-6
Statement of the Problem

This study aimed at determining the effect of lack of

agriculture tools and its effect to the agri-crops students

of Sumoroy Agro Industrial School, Palapag, Northern Samar.

Specifically, this study will try to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents, as of:

1.1 age

1.2 sex

1.3 educational attainment

2. What kind of agriculture tools to be use by the agri-

crop students?

3. What are the effective ways to solve the problem of

lack of agricultural tools?

4. Is there a significant difference between the

sufficient agricultural tools to lack of agricultural

tools in terms of gardening and farming?

Objective of the Study

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect

of lack of agriculture tools to the agri-crops student of

Sumoroy Agro Industrial School. Specifically the study

aimed to determine the following:

 1. profile of the respondents, as of:

1.1 age

1.2 sex

1.3 Educational Attainment

2. To know the kind of agriculture tools to be use by the

agri- crop students.

3. To determine the effective ways to solve the problem

of lack of agricultural tools.

4. Determine the significant difference between the

sufficient agricultural tools to lack of agricultural

tools in terms of gardening and farming.

Importance of the study

This study is significant to investigate the effect of

lack of agriculture tools to the agri-crop students of

Sumoroy Agro-Industrial School, Palapag N. Samar.

In this context, the study is important for the

following reasons:

Department of Education. So that they will know the problem

about lack of agriculture tools for the agri-crops

students.
Parents. this study will give them information about the

problem of the agri-crop students.

Researchers. This study will provide them with additional

information on factors that are related to the variable of

the present study.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study was to determine about the

lack of agriculture tools its effect to the agri-crop

students.

Furthermore, we aimed to collect ideas and

recommendations in order to facilitate the development of

effective and tailored intervention programs aiming to know

the effect of lack of agriculture tools to the agri-crop

students of SAIS.

Scope Delimitation

This study focused on determining lack of agriculture

tools it’s effect to the agri-crop students of Sumuroy Agro

Industrial School, Palapag Northern Samar.

Specifically this study is delimited to the

determination of the respondents’ profile in terms of their

age, sex and educational attainment. This study will also

determine lack of agriculture tools; its effect to the

students and the significant difference between the

sufficient agricultural tools to lack of agricultural tools

in terms of gardening and farming

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on the Benchmarks study, the

idea that there are drawbacks as well as benefits to

technology. As Benchmarks states, Most of the complexities

of the social consequences of the use of technology can

wait, but students should begin to consider alternative

ways of doing something and compare the advantages and

disadvantages. Through working on this lesson, students

will gain experience with the idea that there are positive

and negative consequences of technology and will be

challenged to think through these consequences in

relationship to farming.

You will need to create a safe environment for

students who may not have a positive view of technology

that requires less people power on a farm. You will also

need to be sensitive to the personal way this lesson

addresses the lives of students whose families farm.

It is important to note that this lesson is mainly written

for students who do not have day to day living experience

with farming. If your students are from farming families,

you will need to alter some of the questions to more

appropriately match the students’ current knowledge base.2

Moreover the study conducted by David Bartecchi.

Appropriate agricultural tools and equipment should

contribute to the broad objective of increasing the

viability of the small farm. Where small farmers are

currently employing traditional technologies that are

inefficient, they often cannot improve this technology

because of the leap in scale and capital cost to

commercially available equipment. It is therefore the goal

of intermediate technology proponents to help fill this gap

with good quality tools and equipment that are affordable

and suited to the scale of operations of the small farmers.

There is a tendency for equipment development and

commercial firms to concentrate their energies on tools

that are affordable only to the wealthier farmers. This

happens in part because of a focus on what technically

could be done, without attention to financial constraints

2
Benchmarks for Science Literacy, p.45.
faced by the typical small farmer. Contributing factors

include the inappropriate application of industrialized,

extensive farming strategies to small intensive farming

communities, and the failure to include the small farmer in

the process of identifying helpful new technologies that

can truly fit into the existing farming system. The result

is usually either outright failure of innovations to

attract interest or the consolidation of landholdings by

wealthier farmers taking advantage of the technology newly

available. The position of tenant farmer may become worse,

and that of small farmer in general is not improved.

Appropriate technology advocates must be careful to avoid

repeating these mistakes.

The degree of concentration of land ownership is a key

factor in determining if there are opportunities available

for appropriate technology strategies in a community.

Agricultural technologies developed with and for the

smallest farmer can certainly strengthen the viability of

their farms. But if most families have no land at all, land

reform and the establishment of rural industries may be far

more important steps in a positive community development

program than the improvement of agricultural tools and

equipment.
 In most of Asia and much of Latin America, farms are

quite small. Under these conditions, most mechanized

equipment will not increase the amount of food produced,

but will only decrease the amount of labor required.

Productivity per acre or hectare may in fact decline if

these large tools require extra space to maneuver and wide

lanes to drive or roll over. The appropriate tools under

such circumstances, even if supported by unlimited

resources, would be very different than those used in the

United States, where the amount of cultivated land per

capita is relatively large.

From the national perspective, support for communities

of small farms should bring significant benefits. Whereas

it has been widely assumed that only the large farm could

efficiently increase national food production in the

struggle against hunger, mounting evidence from many

countries indicates that the small farm has higher yields

per acre and plays a crucial role in the distribution of

food.

In connection with the above idea, agricultural tools

is important in farming.
Conceptual Framework

This study dealt with the profile of the respondents

in terms of age, sex and educational attainment and lack of

agriculture tools which are the independent variables, and

its effect to the agri-crop students as dependent variable.

Paradigm

The fundamental conceptualization of this study is

presented in the schematic illustration as follows:

1. Profile of the respondents

1.1 age
1.2 sex Effects to
1.3 educational attainment the agri-crop
2. lack of agriculture tools students

A paradigm that shows the relationship between the

independent variable and dependent variable.

Null hypothesis

This study will test the null hypothesis:

1. There is no significant difference in lack of

agriculture tools to its effect to the agri-crop

students of Sumoroy Agro Industrial School, Palapag

Northern Samar.
Definition of Terms

Lack to be without or to have less than a desirable

quantity of something.

Agriculture the science, art, or practice of cultivating

the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock and in

varying degrees the preparation and marketing of the

resulting products.

Agriculture tools there are many types of such equipment,

from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the

countless kinds of farm implements that they tow or

operate.

Crop is a plant or animal product that can be grown and

harvested extensively for profit or subsistence. Crop may

refer either to the harvested parts or to the harvest in a

more refined state (husked, shelled, etc.).

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

This study presents a review of literature and studies

relevant to the present study.

Related Literature and study

Rural farmers account for the greater part of the

population of any developing country such as Nigeria.

Governments of developing countries have a major

responsibility of ensuring that there is adequate rural

development in their various communities and local

governments which would lead to effective and efficient

agricultural systems that will not only supply food and

animal protein but also foster the utilization of natural

resources in a sustainable manner (CGIAR, 1995). When the

rural farmers lack access to knowledge and information that

would help them achieve maximum agricultural yield, they

are not only grope in the dark but are driven to the urban

centres in search of formal employment, as the only option

for survival (Munyua, 2000). Blait (1996) pointed out that

the least expensive input for improved rural agricultural

development is adequate access to knowledge and information

in areas of new agricultural technologies, early warning

systems (drought, pests, diseases etc), improved seedlings,

fertilizer, credit, market prices etc. There have been

short-comings of traditional print and library based

methods (Van and Fortier, 2000) of providing such

agricultural information to rural farmers who are generally

illiterate and relatively remote from formal sources of

information (e.g. extension stations, libraries). Aina

(2007) also, was of the opinion that farmers would benefit

from global information, if information centres, are cited

in rural areas complete with all information and

communication gadgets.

Rural farmers in Nsukka local government area of Enugu

state are not noted to produce enough food, probably due to

some constraints that lead to lack of access to timely and

up-to-date information which would have enabled them to

achieve optimal yield from their farmlands. Such

information is highly desired by these farmers and can only

be made available to them via extension workers, community

libraries, state and local government agricultural agencies

(ADP, ENADEP etc), e-mail or the World Wide Web (WWW) in a

telecentre (Telecommons Development Group, 2000). In this

modern day of information technology, telecentres provide

the rural farmers with prompt and reliable information

about what is happening in areas of improved seedlings,

better methods of cultivation and fertilizer application,

pest and weed control/eradication, new advances in

livestock production and disease control etc. Where rural

farmers are not faced with constraints in accessing

agricultural information, traditional media such as rural

radio, has been used in delivering agricultural messages to

rural farmers (Munyua, 2000). Other ways of delivering

these messages or information to the rural farmers include

print, video, television, films, slides, pictures, drama,

dance, folklore, group discussions, meetings, exhibitions

and demonstrations (Munyua, 2000).

The lack of access to basic agricultural knowledge and

information by rural farmers in Nsukka local government

area of Enugu State which may be as a result of certain

constraints has made these farmers to stick to their old

traditional methods of farming system and animal husbandry

practice, hence resulting in poor crop and livestock

productivity. Information and knowledge are very vital in

agricultural development of any community and where they

are poorly disseminated as a result of certain constraints,

the community’s agricultural development becomes highly

impeded. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate

the constraints of the rural farmers in Nsukka local

government area of Enugu State in accessing agricultural

information.

In this study, the percentage gender distribution of

the rural Nsukka farmers’ respondents show that males (men)

(69.8%) are more involved in farming work than females

(women). Only 30.2% of the females were identified as

farmers in this study. This observation is not surprising

as farming activity is more or less a tedious work that

requires enormous strength and energy. Nweke (1980) and

King (1992) revealed that men perform more difficult

farming operations, such as land preparation (clearing

bushes and making of mounds and ridges) while women and

children perform lighter operations, such as planting,

fertilizer application, weeding etc.

In the area of study (Nsukka LGA), majority of the

rural farmers’ respondents who practice farming are in the

age range of 46-55 years (49.9%). Few of the respondents in

the age range of 36-45 years (26.0%) also practice farming

in their different communities. These days, the active

young men and women (26-35 years and 36-45 years) who

should form the bulk of the work force have deserted the

rural communities and moved to the cities in search of

government employment. Obviously this trend has not

encouraged rural productivity as it has left farming in the

hands of the old, the illiterate and very few energetic

young men who live in the villages, perhaps only due to

unavoidable circumstances (Adebayo, 1999). 49.9% of the

rural farmers’ respondents in this study engage in crop

farming while 51.0% practice livestock farming. Most of the

livestock farmers’ respondents in Nsukka LGA keep pigs

(34%) and West African Dwarf sheep and goats (24%).

Having accessing to agricultural information is an

essential ingredient that would always lead to better crop

and livestock production in any community. Farmers in

Nigeria seldom feel the impact of agricultural innovation

either because they have no access to such vital

information or because it is poorly disseminated (Ozowa,

1995. Some of the rural farmers’ interviewees reported that

they have in the past received new improved maize seedlings

and cassava stem (Manihut palmata) from ADP and ENADEP. All

these are geared towards better maize and cassava

production in Nsukka LGA. The rural farmers’ respondents

have also benefited from distribution of new vaccines and

drugs from the Enugu State ministry of Agriculture for

healthy livestock production in Nsukka LGA. Other aspects

of agricultural information which the rural farmers

respondents have benefited from in the past as evidenced

from the result of this study include: new methods of crop

preservation, introduction of new herbicides and pesticides

for the control of farm weeds and insect pests, methods of

crop disease treatment and control, better systems of crop

rotation and fertilizer application and types of soil and

best soil type for planting.

Rural farmers are meant to know and also adopt

agricultural innovations relevant to their situations. It

is the duty of institutional and government organs (the

Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services-AERLS,

the extension services of the Agricultural Development

Project-ADPs, Ministries of Agriculture at both state and

federal levels, Media Forum for Agriculture, Cooperative

Extension Centres-CEC of universities etc) to ensure that

towns and villages in Nigeria have easy access to

agricultural information for enhancement of crop

productivity and better animal husbandry practice. From the

result of this study (Table 6), the major organs used in

accessing agricultural information by the rural farmers’

respondents in Nsukka LGA are posters, radio, television,

leaflets, extension workers and ADP/ENADEP agents. Ozowa,

(1995) stated that media such as leaflets, newsletters,

posters, exhibition, visual aids and radio/television

programmes are used in communicating agricultural

information to towns and villages. Radio and television

(though controlled by government) are popular organs in

disseminating agricultural information to rural farmers. Of

all the existing channels of agricultural communication,

Nigerian farmers rank extension (extension services/agents)

highest in terms of providing credible information and

advice, especially on agricultural technology (Ozowa, 1995). A

major function of extension is to get the farmer into a

frame of mind and attitude conducive to acceptance of

technological change.

Some crop and livestock production constraints or

problems are encountered by the Nsukka rural farmers’

respondents in this study. These constraints or problems

include poor agricultural yield, poultry diseases,

destruction of crops by locusts and destruction of crops by

farm worms. When Nsukka rural farmers have adequate access

to agricultural information regarding to these identified

crop and livestock constraints in Nsukka LGA, there is

bound to be better production results. Poultry drugs and

vaccines as well as pesticides from the state ministry of

Agriculture will be able to take care of the ravaging

poultry diseases and crop farm worms and pests menacing

crops on farms.

In most cases, when rural farmers try to have access

to agricultural information, they are often groped with

some constraints and the resultant effect of this is always

poor agricultural yield. The result of this study revealed

a good number of constraints which the rural farmers’

respondents encounter in accessing agricultural information

from their communities. These constraints are lack of

access roads for regular visits by extension officers, poor

public relation of some extension staff, poor radio and

television signals, none availability of electricity supply

in most Nsukka villages, lack of funds to purchase

newsletters, leaflets on agricultural information;

illiteracy and inability of radio and television stations

in Enugu State to broadcast agricultural information

programmes in native Nsukka dialect. 3

3
Nnenna A. Obidike Nnamdi Azikiwe Library ,University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/obidike.htm
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted in the Sumoroy Agro

Industrial School, located at Barangay Tinampo,

Municipality of Palapag, Northern Samar. Palapag is the

located at the North Eastern part on Northern Samar. It

serves as a gateway to the mainland of the so called

pacific towns, composed of 32 barangays.

The Respondents

The respondents of this study are Agri-crops Students

of Sumoroy Agro Industrial School.

Research Design

The descriptive survey method of research,

involving the use of a questionnaire and documentary

analysis will be utilized in conducting this study. The

descriptive method of research will be a great emphasis and

used in order to come up with a substantial, accurate, and

fully accessible data for the study.

Research Instrument

The data gathering instrument will be a questionnaire.

Equipped with the knowledge gained from the readings, the

researchers will construct the questionnaire. It will be

shown to his/her adviser for improvement. After its

revision or improvement, some copies will be produced and

issued to the target respondents. Before the administration

of the questionnaire, a letter of request permitting the

researchers to conduct the study.

After a week, the copies of the questionnaire will

be gathered. The responses of the respondents who answered

the specific questions will be tabulated and presented in

distribution tables. They will be analyzed and interpreted

using certain suitable answer.

Population and Sampling

This research will employ simple random sampling of

Agri-crops students of Sumoroy Agro Industrial School,

Palapag, Northern Samar.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will ask permission from the SAIS

principal to conduct research. Survey questionnaire will be

distributed to 100 respondents. The data gathered will be

presented analyzed, and interpreted. Then the findings will

be summarized and concluded.

Procedures of testing data:

Collected data were presented on tables. All this data

were based on the feedback from the questionnaires,

frequency distribution and percentage were done on all

variables using the following formulas:

1. Percentage

P=nx100

P= Percentage

n= Small portion

N= Total number
http://sites.psu.edu/ceepa/2015/06/07/the-importance-of-
school-facilities-in-improving-student-outcomes/

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2012/208907/