CBSE Board-XII Maths - 2016 - Eng.

MATHEMATICS CBSE-XII-2016 EXAMINATION CAREER POINT
MATHEMATICS
Paper & Solutions Code : 65/2/N
Time : 3 Hrs. Max. Marks : 100
General Instruction :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Please check that this question paper contains 26 questions.
(iii) Questions 1-6 in Section-A are very short-answer type questions carrying 1 mark each.
(iv) Questions 7-19 in Section-B are long answer I type questions carrying 4 marks each.
(v) Questions 20-26 in Section-C are long answer II type questions carrying 6 marks each.
(vi) Please write down the serial number of the question before attempting it.
SECTION - A
Question numbers 1 to 6 carry 1 mark each
→ → → →
1. If a = 4î − ĵ + k̂ and b = 2î − 2 ĵ + k̂ , then find a unit vector parallel to the vector a + b .
→ →
Sol. a + b = 4î − ĵ + k̂ + 2î − 2 ĵ + k̂
= 6î − 3 ĵ + 2k̂
→ → (6î − 3 ĵ + 2k̂ ) (6î − 3 ĵ + 2k̂ )
unit vector parallel to a + b = =
36 + 9 + 4 7
2. Find λ and μ if
→
(î + 3 ĵ + 9k̂ ) × (3î − λĵ + μk̂ ) = 0 .
→
Sol. (î + 3 ĵ + 9k̂ ) × (3î − λĵ + μk̂ ) = 0 .
î ĵ k̂
r
⇒ 1 3 9 =0
3 −λ μ
⇒ î (3μ + 9λ) – ĵ(μ − 27) + k̂ (−λ − 9) = 0î + 0 ĵ + 0k̂

⇒ 3μ + 9λ = 0
⇒ μ – 27 = 0
⇒ μ = 27
(i) to 3× 27 + 9λ = 0
⇒ λ = –9
→
3. Write the sum of intercepts cut off by the plane r · (2î + ĵ − k̂ ) − 5 = 0 on the three axes.
→
Sol. Plane r · (2î + ĵ − k̂ ) − 5 = 0
⇒ ( x î + yĵ + zk̂ ) ⋅ (2î + ĵ − k̂ ) − 5 = 0
⇒ 2x + y – z = 5
x y z
⇒ + + =1
(5 / 2) (5) (−5)
5 5
⇒ sum of intercepts = + 5 –5 =
2 2
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4. For what values of k, the system of linear equations

x+y+z=2
2x + y – z = 3
3x + 2y + kz = 4
has a unique solution ?
Sol. x+y+z=2 (i)
2x + y – z = 3 (ii)
3x + 2y + kz = 4 (iii)
The system of linear equation has unique solution then
1 1 1
2 1 −1 ≠ 0
3 2 k
⇒ 1 (k + 2) –1 (2k +3) +1 (4 – 3) ≠ 0
⇒k+2–2k–3+1≠0
⇒k≠0
So values of k = R – {0}
5. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and |3A| = k|A|, then write the value of k.

Sol. A is a matrix of 3 ×3 say
a11 a 12 a13
A = a 21 a 22 a 23
a 31 a 32 a 33
3a11 3a 12 3a13
3B = 3a 21 3a 22 3a 23
3a 31 3a 32 3a 33
∴ |3A| = 3 × 3 × 3 |A| = 27 |A|
Which is given as k |A| so k = 27
⎛ cos α sin α ⎞ π
6. If A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ , find α satisfying 0 < α < when A + AT = 2 I 2 ; where AT is transpose of A.
⎝ − sin α cos α ⎠ 2
⎛ cos α sin α ⎞
Sol. A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ − sin α cos α ⎠
⎛ cos α − sin α ⎞
A T = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ sin α cos α ⎠
⎛ cos α + cos α 0 ⎞ ⎛ 2 cos α 0 ⎞
⇒ A + A T = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0 2 cos α ⎠ ⎝ 0 2 cos α ⎟⎠
Q A + AT = 2 I2
⎛ 2 cos α 0 ⎞ ⎛ 2 0 ⎞⎟
So ⎜⎜ ⎟= ⎜
⎝ 0 2 cos α ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 0 2 ⎟⎠
by comparing :– 2 cos α = 2
1
cos α =
2
π ⎛ π⎞
so α = ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟
4 ⎝ 2⎠
SECTION - B
Question numbers 7 to 19 carry 4 marks each
7. A bag X contains 4 white balls and 2 black balls, while another bag Y contains 3 white balls and 3 black
balls. Two balls are drawn (without replacement) at random from one of the bags and were found to be one
white and one black. Find the probability that the balls were drawn from bag Y.
OR
A and B throw a pair of dice alternately, till one of them gets a total of 10 and wins the game. Find their
respective probabilities of winning, if A starts first.
X Y
Sol.
4 White 2 Black 3White 3 Black
Event E1 → Bag X is selected
Event E2 → Bag Y is selected
Event A → 1 white 1 black is taken out
1 1 4
C ⋅ 2 C1 3
C ⋅ 3 C1
P(E1) = , P(E2) = , P(A / E1 ) = 61 , P(A / E 2 ) = 61
2 2 C2 C2
P(A) = P(E1) P(A/E1) + P(E2) P(A/E2)
1 4C · 2C1 1 3C1 · 3C1
= · 1 +
2 6 C2 2 6C2
P(E 2 ) P(A / E 2 )
probability balls are drawn from bag 1 : P(E2/A) = (Using Baye's Theorem)
P(A )
1 3C1 · 3C1
·
2 6C 2 9 9
⇒ = =
1 4C1 · 2C1 1 3C1 · 3C1 4 · 2 + 9 17
· +
2 6C 2 2 6C2
OR
total of 10 : (6, 4) (4, 6) (5, 5)
3 1
⇒ P= =
36 12
9 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 9
A starts first A A B A A B A B A
1 11 11 1 11 11 11 11 1
P(A wins) = + · · + · · · · + ........
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
1 ⎛⎜ ⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎛ 11 ⎞ ⎞
2 4
= 1 + ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ + ....⎟
12 ⎜⎝ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎟
⎠
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
1⎜ 1 ⎟ 1 144
= ⎜ ⎟= ·
12 ⎜ ⎛ 11 ⎞ 2 ⎟ 12 (144 − 121)
⎜ 1 − ⎜ 12 ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠
12
P(A wins) =
23
12 11
P(B wins) = 1 – P(A wins) = 1 – = .
23 23
8. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the point A(–1, 8, 4) to the line joining the
points B(0, –1, 3) and C(2, –3, –1). Hence find the image of the point A in the line BC.
Sol. Equation of BC
x −0 y +1 z−3
= =
2 − 0 − 3 +1 −1− 3
x y +1 z − 3 A(–1, 8, 4)
⇒ = =
2 −2 −4
x y +1 z − 3
⇒ = = = λ (say)
1 −1 −2
C(2, –3, – 1)
⇒ D(λ, – λ – 1, –2λ + 3)
DR's of AD D
⇒ λ + 1, – λ – 9, – 2λ + 3 – 4
B
⇒ λ + 1, – λ – 9, – 2λ – 1
(0, –1, 3)
Q AD ⊥ BC
⇒ (λ + 1) (1) + (–λ – 9) (–1) + (–2λ – 1) (–2) = 0 E
⇒ λ + 1 + λ + 9 + 4λ + 2 = 0
⇒ 6λ + 12 = 0 ⇒ λ = – 2
foot of perpendicular to D(–2, 1, 7)
let image of A w.r.to line Bc is E(x1, y1, z1)
⎛ x − 1 y + 8 z1 + 4 ⎞
mid point of AE ⎜ 1 , 1 , ⎟ ≡ (–2, 1, 7)
⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠
x1 – 1 = – 4 y1 + 8 = 2 z1 + 4= 14
(x1 = – 3) (y1 = – 6) (z1 = 10)
E (–3, –6, 10) Ans.
9. Show that the four points A(4, 5, 1), B(0, –1, –1), C(3, 9, 4) and D(–4, 4, 4) are coplanar.
Sol. AB = (0 − 4)î + (−1 − 5) ĵ + (−1 − 1)k̂
⇒ AB = −4î − 6 ĵ − 2k̂
⇒ AC = (3 − 4)î + (9 − 5) ĵ + (4 − 1)k̂
= – î + 4 ĵ + 3k̂
⇒ AD = (−4 − 4)î + (4 − 5) ĵ + (4 − 1)k̂
= – 8î − ĵ + 3k̂
r r r rrr
We know that three vectors a , b and c are coplanar if [a b c] = 0
−4 −6 −2
⇒ [AB AC AD] = − 1 4 3 = – 4 (12 + 3) + 6 (–3 + 24) – 2 (1 + 32)
−8 −1 3
= – 60 + 126 – 166 = 0
∴ A,B,C,D are coplanar.
10. Find the particular solution of the differential equation

2y ex/y dx + (y – 2x ex/y)dy = 0
given that x = 0 when y = 1.
Sol. 2yex/ydx + (y – 2xex/y)dy = 0
⎛ 2 x x / y ⎞ dy
⇒ 2e x / y = −⎜⎜1 − e ⎟⎟
⎝ y ⎠ dx
x
put =t
y
x = yt
dy dt
1= t+y
dx dx
dy 1 ⎛ dt ⎞
⇒ = ⎜1 − y ⎟
dx t ⎝ dx ⎠
1 ⎛ ydt ⎞
⇒ 2et = – (1 – 2tet) ⎜1 − ⎟
t⎝ dx ⎠
1⎛ dt ⎞
⇒ 2et = – (1 – 2tet) ⎜1 − y ⎟
t ⎝ dx ⎠
⎛ dt ⎞ dt ydt
⇒ 2tet = (2tet – 1) ⎜1 − y ⎟ = 2tet – 1 – y2tet +
⎝ dx ⎠ dx dx
dt x dt
⇒ 1 = y(1 – 2tet) = (1 − 2 te t )
dx t dx
dx ⎛1 ⎞
∫ x = ∫ ⎜⎝ t − 2e ⎟⎠dt
t
⇒ lnx = lnt – 2et + c

⎛x⎞
⇒ lnx = ln ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ − 2e x / y + c
⎝ y⎠
⇒ lny = – 2ex/y + c
At x = 0, y = 1
⇒ 0 = –2e0 + c ⇒ c = 2
lny = 2 – 2ex/y
dy x + y cos x
11. Find the particular solution of differential equation: =− given that y = 1 when x = 0.
dx 1 + sin x
Sol. Given differential equation
dy x + y cos x
=−
dx 1 + sin x
dy cos x −x
⇒ + y=
dx 1 + sin x 1 + sin x
⎛ cos x ⎞
∫⎜ ⎟ dx
⎝ 1+ sin x ⎠
Integrating factor = e
= e log (1 + sinx) = 1 + sin x
−x
y ⋅ (1 + sin x ) = ∫ (1 + sin x) (1 + sin x) dx + c
x2
⇒ y ⋅ (1 + sin x ) = − +c
2
At x = 0 , y = 1
1⋅ (1 + 0) = c ⇒ c = 1
x2
So y (1 + sin x) = − +1
2
12. Find : ∫ (x + 3) 3 − 4 x − x 2 dx.
Sol. ∫ (x + 3) 3 − 4 x − x 2 dx
d
Set ⇒ x + 3 = p · (3 – 4x – x2) + q
dx
⇒ x + 3 = p · (–4 – 2x) + q
1
so –2p = 1 ⇒ p = –
2
– 4p + q = 3 ⇒ q = 1
so given integral
⎧ 1 ⎫
∫ ⎨⎩− 2 · (−4 − 2x) + 1⎬⎭ 3 − 4 x − x 2 dx
⇒ 1
∫ − 2 ·(−4 − 2x) 3 − 4 x − x 2 dx + ∫ 3 − 4x − x 2 dx
↑
Make perfect sq.
2
put 3 – 4x – x = t
⇒ (– 4 – 2x)dx = dt
1
∫ ∫
− · t dt + 7 − ( x + 2) 2 dx
2
1 2 ( x + 2) 7 ⎛ x+2⎞
⇒ − · ·t 3 / 2 + 7 − ( x + 2) 2 + · sin −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + c
23 2 2 ⎝ 7 ⎠
1 ⎛ x+2⎞ 7 −1 ⎛ x + 2 ⎞
⇒ − · (3 − 4 x − x 2 ) 3 / 2 + ⎜ ⎟ 3 − 4 x − x + sin ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + c
2
3 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 ⎝ 7 ⎠
(2x − 5)e 2 x
13. Find: ∫ (2x − 3)3
dx
OR
x2 + x +1
Find: ∫ ( x 2 + 1) ( x + 2)
dx
(2 x − 5)e 2 x
Sol. ∫ (2x − 3)3
dx put 2x = t
1 ( t − 5)e t
⇒ · ∫
2 ( t − 3)3
dt
1 t⎛ t −3 2 ⎞
⇒
2 ∫
· e ⎜⎜
⎝ ( t − 3)
3
− ⎟dt
( t − 3)3 ⎟⎠
1 t⎛ 1 2 ⎞
⇒
2 ∫
· e ⎜⎜
⎝ ( t − 3)
2
− ⎟ dt
( t − 3)3 ⎟⎠
f(t) f '(t)
Q ∫ e x (f ( x ) + f ' ( x ))dx
= ex f(x) +c
1 1
so · e t · +c
2 ( t − 3) 2
1 2x 1
⇒ ·e +c
2 (2 x − 3) 2
OR
x + x +1
2
∫ (x 2
+ 1) ( x + 2)
dx
x2 + x +1 ⎛ Ax + B C ⎞
∫ ( x + 1) ( x + 2)
2
dx = ∫ ⎜ + ⎟
⎜ ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ⎟ dx
⎝
2
⎠
⇒ x2 + x + 1 = (Ax + B) (x + 2) + C(x2 + 1)
⇒ x2 + x + 1 = Ax2 + 2Ax + Bx + 2B + Cx2 + C
A+C=1 ....(i)
2A + B = 1 ....(ii)
2B + C = 1 ....(iii)
by equation (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
C = 3/5
6 1
∴ B= −1 ⇒ B =
5 5
3 2
∴ A=1– =
5 5
⎛ 1 (2 x + 1) 3 1 ⎞
∴ ∫ ⎜⎜⎝ 5 ⋅ (x
2
+ · ⎟dx
+ 1) 5 ( x + 2) ⎟⎠
1 2x 1 1 3 1
= ∫
5 x2 +1
dx + · 2
5 x +1
dx + ∫
5 x+2
dx ∫
1 1 3
= · log(x 2 + 1) + · tan −1 x + . log | x + 2 | +c
5 5 5
14. Find the equation of tangents to the curve y = x3 + 2x – 4, which are perpendicular to line x + 14y + 3 = 0.
Sol. x + 14y + 3 = 0
1
m=–
14
slope of perpendicular line = 14.
curve y = x3 + 2x – 4
⎛ dy ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = 3x12 + 2 = 14
⎝ dx ⎠( x1 , y1 )
3x12 = 12
x 12 = 4
x1 = ± 2
x1 = 2 y1 = 8 + 4 – 4 = 8 point (2, 8)
x1 = –2 y1 = – 8 – 4 – 4 = – 16 point (–2, –16)
tangent at (2, 8) y – 8 = 14(x – 2) = 14x– 28, y = 14x – 20
and at (–2, –16) y + 16 = 14(x + 2)
y + 16 = 14x + 28, y = 14x + 12
dy cos 2 (a + y)
15. If x cos(a + y) = cosy then prove that =
dx sin a
d2y dy
Hence show that sina 2
+ sin2(a + y) =0.
dx dx
OR
dy ⎡ 6x − 4 1 − 4x 2 ⎤
Find if y = sin–1 ⎢ ⎥
dx ⎢⎣ 5 ⎥⎦
Sol. xcos(a + y) = cosy

cos y
x=
cos(a + y)
Differentiate with respect to 'x'
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞
cos(a + y)⎜ − sin y ⎟ − cos y⎜ − sin(a + y) ⎟
1= ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
cos 2 (a + y)
dy
(sin(a + y) cos y − cos(a + y) sin y)
1= dx
cos 2 (a + y)
dy
cos2(a + y) = sin(a + y – y)
dx
dy cos 2 (a + y)
=
dx sin a
and
dy 1 + cos 2(a + y)
sina =
dx 2
Again, Differentiate with respect to 'x'
d2y sin 2(a + y) dy

sina =0− ·2
dx 2 2 dx
d2y dy
sin a 2
+ sin 2(a + y) =0
dx dx
OR
⎡ 6x − 4 1 − 4x 2 ⎤
y = sin −1 ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 5 ⎥⎦
⎡3 4 ⎤
= sin −1 ⎢ ·2x − 1 − 4x 2 ⎥
⎣ 5 5 ⎦
⎡ 2 ⎤
⎛4⎞ 4
= sin −1 ⎢2 x· 1 − ⎜ ⎟ − 1 − (2x ) 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎝5⎠ 5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
4
y = sin–12x – sin–1
5
dy 1 2
= ·2 − 0 =
dx 1 − (2 x ) 2 1 − 4x 2
2
x2
16. Evaluate : ∫
−2
1 + 5x
dx .
⎛ x2 ⎞
2 2
x2 (− x ) 2
Sol. I= ∫
−2
1 + 5 x
dx = ∫
0
⎜
⎜1+ 5
⎝
x
+
1 + 5−x
⎟ dx
⎟
⎠
⎛ x2 x 2 5x ⎞
2 2
(1 + 5 x )
= ∫
0
⎜
⎝
+
⎜ 1 + 5x 5x + 1 ⎟
⎟ dx = x 2
⎠ 0
5 x ∫
+ 1
dx
2 2
x3 8 8
= ∫
0
x 2dx = = −0=
3 0 3 3
⎧ sin(a + 1) x + 2 sin x , x<0

⎪ x
⎪
17. If f ( x ) = ⎨ 2 , x=0
⎪
⎪ 1 + bx − 1 , x>0
⎩ x
is continuous at x = 0, then find the values of a and b.
⎧ sin(a + 1) x + 2 sin x , x<0

⎪ x
⎪
Sol. f (x) = ⎨ 2 , x=0
⎪
⎪ 1 + bx − 1 , x>0
⎩ x
value at x = 0 is 2
LHL : lim f(0 – h)

h →0
− sin(a + 1)h − 2 sinh

= lim
h →0 −h
⎛ sin(a + 1)h 2 sinh ⎞ ⎛ sin θ ⎞

= lim ⎜ + ⎟ ⎜Q lim = 1⎟
h →0 ⎝ h h ⎠ ⎝ θ → 0 θ ⎠
= (a + 1) + 2 = a + 3
RHL : lim f(0 +h)

h →0
( 1 + bh − 1) ( 1 + bh + 1) = b
= lim
h →0 h ( 1 + bh + 1) 2
(rationalize)
since it is continuous
∴ LHL = RHL = f(0)
b
∴a+3= =2
2
∴ a = –1, b = 4
18. A typist charges 145 for typing 10 English and 3 Hindi pages, while charges for typing 3 English and
10 Hindi pages are 180. Using matrices, find the charges of typing one English and one Hindi page
separately. However typist charged only 2 per page from a poor student Shyam for 5 Hindi pages. How
much less was charged from this poor boy ? Which values are reflected in this problem ?
Sol. Charges of typing one English page = Rs x

Charges of typing one Hindi page = Rs y
10x + 3y = 145
3x + 10y = 180
⎡10 3 ⎤ ⎡ x ⎤ ⎡145⎤
⎢ 3 10⎥ ⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢180⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Ax = B
A–1 Ax = A–1B
adjA
Ix = B |A| = 100 – 9 = 91
|A|
1 ⎡ 10 − 3⎤ ⎡145⎤
x = ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
91 ⎣− 3 10 ⎦ ⎣180⎦
⎡ x ⎤ 1 ⎡ 1450 − 540 ⎤ ⎡ 910 ⎤
⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢− 435 + 1800⎥ = ⎢1365⎥
⎣ ⎦ 91 ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ x ⎤ ⎡10⎤
⎢ y ⎥ = ⎢15⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
x = 10
y = 15
Poor student he charged = 2× 5 = Rs 10
actual cost = 15×5 = Rs 75
less charged = 75 – 10 = Rs 65
This problem reflect on human values "Kindness" etc.
19. Solve for x : tan–1 (x – 1) + tan–1 x + tan–1(x + 1) = tan –13x

OR
⎛ 6 x − 8x 3 ⎞
⎟ − tan −1 ⎛⎜
4x ⎞ 1
Prove that : tan −1 ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟
−1
⎟ = tan 2 x ; | 2 x |<
⎝ 1 − 12x ⎠ ⎝ 1 − 4x ⎠
2
3
–1 –1 –1 –1
Sol. tan (x-1) + tan (x +1) = tan 3x – tan x
⎛ x −1+ x +1 ⎞ ⎛ 3x − x ⎞
⇒ tan −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ tan −1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1 − ( x − 1) ( x + 1) ⎠ ⎝ 1 + 3x ⎠
2
2x 2x
⇒ =
1 − ( x − 1) 1 + 3x 2
2
⇒ 2x(1+ 3x2) = 2x (2–x2)

⇒ 2x[(1 + 3x2) – 2 + x2 ] = 0
⇒ x(4x2 – 1) = 0
1
⇒ x = 0 x2 =
4
1
⇒ x=±
2
1 1
⇒ x = 0, + ,−
2 2
OR
⎛ 3(2 x ) − (2 x ) 3 ⎞ ⎛ 2( 2 x ) ⎞
tan −1 ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟
⎟ − tan −1 ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 1 − (2x ) 2 ⎟
⎝ 1 − 3 ( 2 x ) ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
1
let 2x = tanθ |2x| ≤
3
⎛ 3 tan θ − tan 3 θ ⎞ 2 tan θ ⎞

tan −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟ − tan −1 ⎛⎜
⎟ 2 ⎟
⎝ 1 − 3 tan θ ⎠ ⎝ 1 − tan θ ⎠
2
⇒ tan–1(tan3θ) – tan–1(tan2θ)
⇒ 3θ – 2θ = θ = tan–1 2x H.P.
SECTION - C
Question number 20 to 26 carry 6 mark each
20. Using the method of integration, find the area of the triangular region whose vertices are (2, –2), (4, 3)
and (1, 2).
Sol.
y B(4, 3)
x1
A(1,2)
x2 x3
x
O
C(2, –2)
equation of line AB :
⎛3−2⎞
y−2=⎜ ⎟ ( x − l)
⎝ 4 −1 ⎠
1
y − 2 = ( x − l)
3
⇒ x = 3y – 5 (a) (line x1)
equation of line AC :
⎛−2−2⎞
y−2=⎜ ⎟ ( x − 1)
⎝ 2 −1 ⎠
⇒ y – 2 = –4x + 4
6−y
⇒ x= (b) (line x2)
4
equation of line BC :
⎛ 3+ 2⎞
y+2=⎜ ⎟ (x – 2)
⎝4−2⎠
2y + 4 = 5x – 10
2 y + 14
x= (c) (line x3)
5
Area of ΔABC
2 3
⇒ ∫
−2
∫
( x 3 − x 2 )dy + ( x 3 − x1 )dy
2
2 3
⎛ 2 y + 14 6 − y ⎞ ⎛ 2 y + 14 ⎞
⇒ ∫
−2
⎜
⎝ 5
−
4 ⎠
⎟ dy + ⎜
2
⎝ 5 ∫
− (3y − 5) ⎟ dy
⎠
13
⇒ sq. units
2
21. Using properties of determinants, prove that

( x + y) 2 zx zy
zx ( z + y) 2 xy = 2 xyz ( x + y + z) 3
zy xy (z + x ) 2
OR
⎛ 1 0 2⎞
⎜ ⎟
If A = ⎜ 0 2 1 ⎟ and A3 – 6A2 + 7A + kI3 = O find k.
⎜ 2 0 3⎟
⎝ ⎠
( x + y) 2 zx zy
Sol. zx ( z + y) 2 xy
zy xy (z + x ) 2
R1 → zR1, R2 → xR2, R3, → yR3 we get
z ( x + y) 2 z2x z2y
1
zx 2 x ( z + y) 2 x2y
xyz
zy 2 xy 2 y( z + x ) 2
Taking z, x, y common from, C1, C2, C3 respectively, we get
( x + y) 2 z2 z2
xyz
x2 ( z + y) 2 x2
xyz
y2 y2 (z + x ) 2
C1 → C1– C3 , C2 → C2 – C3
( x + y) 2 − z 2 0 z2
0 ( z + y) 2 − x 2 x2
y 2 − (z + x ) 2 y 2 − (z + x ) 2 (z + x ) 2
( x + y + z)( x + y − z) 0 z2
⇒ 0 (z + y − x ) (z + y + x ) x2
( y − z − x )( y + z + x ) ( y − z − x ) ( y + z + x ) (z + x ) 2
x+y−z 0 z2
⇒ ( x + y + z) 2 0 z+y−x x2
y−z−x y − z − x (z + x ) 2
R3 → R3 – R2 – R1
x+y−z 0 z2
⇒ ( x + y + z) 2 0 z+y−x x2
− 2x − 2z 2zx
1 1
C1 → C1 + C3 , C2 → C2 + C3
z x
z2
x+y z2
x
x2
⇒ ( x + y + z) 2 z+y x2
z
0 0 2zx
Expanding along R3
⎛ x 2 z2 ⎞
⇒ 2x z (x + y + z)2 ⎜⎜ ( x + y) (z + y) − ⋅ ⎟⎟
⎝ z x ⎠
⇒ 2x z (x + y + z)2 (xz + x y + yz + y2 – xz)
⇒ 2xyz (x + y + z)3 H.P.
OR
⎡1 0 2 ⎤ ⎡1 0 2 ⎤ ⎡1 0 2 ⎤
A = ⎢⎢0 2 1 ⎥⎥ ⇒ A2 = A.A = ⎢⎢0 2 1 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢0 2 1 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣2 0 3⎥⎦ ⎢⎣2 0 3⎥⎦ ⎢⎣2 0 3⎥⎦
⎡1 + 0 + 4 0 + 0 + 0 2 + 0 + 6⎤
= ⎢⎢0 + 0 + 2 0 + 4 + 0 0 + 2 + 3⎥⎥
⎢⎣2 + 0 + 6 0 + 0 + 0 4 + 0 + 9⎥⎦
⎡5 0 8 ⎤
= ⎢⎢2 4 5 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣8 0 13⎦⎥
⎡5 0 8 ⎤ ⎡1 0 2⎤
A = A .A = ⎢⎢2 4 5 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢0 2 1 ⎥⎥
3 2
⎢⎣8 0 13⎥⎦ ⎢⎣2 0 3⎥⎦
⎡ 5 + 0 + 16 0 + 0 + 0 10 + 0 + 24⎤ ⎡ 21 0 34⎤
= ⎢⎢ 2 + 0 + 10 0 + 8 + 0 4 + 4 + 15 ⎥⎥ = ⎢⎢12 8 23⎥⎥
⎢⎣8 + 0 + 26 0 + 0 + 0 16 + 0 + 39⎥⎦ ⎢⎣34 0 55⎥⎦
Taking A3 – 6A2 + 7A + kI3 = 0

⎡ 21 0 34⎤ ⎡5 0 8 ⎤ ⎡1 0 2 ⎤
⎢12 8 23⎥ − 6 ⎢2 4 5 ⎥ + 7 ⎢0 2 1 ⎥ + kI = 0
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ 3
⎢⎣34 0 55⎥⎦ ⎢⎣8 0 13⎥⎦ ⎢⎣2 0 3⎥⎦
⎡ 21 0 34⎤ ⎡30 0 48⎤ ⎡ 7 0 14 ⎤

Or ⎢12 8 23⎥ − ⎢12 24 30⎥ + ⎢ 0 14 7 ⎥ + kI = 0
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ 3
⎢⎣34 0 55⎥⎦ ⎢⎣48 0 78⎥⎦ ⎢⎣14 0 21⎥⎦
⎡− 2 0 0 ⎤ ⎡ k 0 0 ⎤ ⎡0 0 0 ⎤
Or ⎢ 0 − 2 0 ⎥ + ⎢ 0 k 0 ⎥ = ⎢0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 − 2⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 0 k ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣0 0 0⎥⎦
⇒k–2=0
⇒k=2
22. A retired person wants to invest an amount of 50,000. His broker recommends investing in two type of
bonds 'A' and 'B' yielding 10% and 9% return respectively on the invested amount . He decides to invest at
least 20,000 in bond 'A' and at least 10,000 in bond 'B'. He also wants to invest at least as much in bond
'A' as in bond 'B'. Solve this linear programming problem graphically to maximise his returns.
Sol. Let Rs 'x' invest in bond A and Rs 'y' invest in bond B.
then A.T.P.
10 9
Maxmise z = x+ y ...(1)
100 100
subject to constraints
x + y ≤ 50,000 ...(a)
x ≥ 20,000 ...(b)
y ≥ 10,000 ...(c)
and x≥y
or x–y≥0 ...(d)
and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
Now change inequality into equations
x + y = 50,000, x = 20,000, y = 10,000 and x = y
x 0 50,000
y 50,000 0
Region: put (0, 0) in (a), (b), (c), (d)

0 ≤ 50,000 (towards origin)
0 ≥ 20,000 (away from origin)
0 ≥ 10,000 (away from origin)
x=y
50,000
40,000
30,000
(20,000, 20,000) C(25,000, 25,000)
20,000
D
10,000 y = 10,000
A B
(20,000, 10,000) (40,000, 10,000)
X
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
x + y = 50,000
x = 20,000
Table
10 9
Points Z= x+ y
100 100
A(20,000 10,000) Z = Rs, 2900
B(40,000, 10,000) Rs 4900 ←⎯⎯⎯⎯ Maximize
C(25000, 25000) Rs 4750
D(20,000, 20,000) Rs 3800
So he has to invest Rs 40,000 in 'A' and Rs 10,000 in bond 'B' to get maximum return Rs 49,00
23. Find the equation of the plane which contains the line of intersection of the planes.
r r
r ⋅ (î − 2 ĵ + 3k̂ ) − 4 = 0 and r ⋅ (−2î + ĵ + k̂ ) + 5 = 0
and whose intercept on x-axis is equal to that of on y-axis.
r
Sol. Planes are r ⋅ (î − 2 ĵ + 3k̂ ) − 4 = 0
r
r ⋅ (−2î + ĵ + k̂ ) + 5 = 0
⇒ x – 2y + 3z – 4 = 0
}Two planes
& –2x + y + z + 5 = 0
Any plane passing through the line of intersect

(x – 2y + 3z – 4) + λ (–2x + y + z + 5) = 0
x (1 – 2λ) + y ( – 2 + λ) + z (3 + λ) + (5λ – 4) = 0
Intercepts are equal on axes
4 − 5λ 4 − 5λ
so =
1 − 2λ − 2 + λ
⇒–2+λ =1–2λ
⇒ 3λ = 3 ⇒ λ = 1
required plane
–x – y + 4z + 1 = 0
∴ x + y – 4z – 1 = 0 Ans.
4 sin θ ⎡ π⎤
24. Prove that y = − θ is an increasing function of θ on ⎢0, 2 ⎥
2 + cos θ ⎣ ⎦
OR
⎛ 1 ⎞
Show that semi-vertical angle of a cone of maximum volume and given slant height is cos −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ .
⎝ 3⎠
4 sin θ
Sol. y= – θ, θ ∈ [0, π/2]
2 + cos θ
Diff. w. r. to θ, we get
dy ⎧⎪ (2 + cos θ) cos θ – sin θ(– sin θ) ⎫⎪

=4 ⎨ ⎬ –1
dθ ⎪⎩ (2 + cos θ) 2 ⎪⎭
⎧⎪ 2 cos θ + 1 ⎫⎪
= 4⎨ ⎬ –1
⎪⎩ (2 + cos θ) 2 ⎪⎭
8 cos θ + 4 – (2 + cos θ) 2
=
(2 + cos θ) 2
4 cos θ – cos 2 θ
=
(2 + cos θ) 2
cos θ(4 – cos θ)
=
(2 + cos θ) 2
[Q 0 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1 ∀ θ ∈ [0, π/2]]

cos θ(4 – cos θ)
⇒ ≥ 0 ∀ θ ∈ [0, π/2]
(2 + cos θ) 2
dy
⇒ ≥ 0 ∀ θ ∈ [0, π/2]
dθ
⇒ y is increasing in [0, π/2]
OR
α
l
h
r
1 2
Volume V = πr h
3
1
V = π(l 2 − h 2 )h
3
For maxima and minima
dv
=0
dh
1
π(l 2 − 3h 2 ) = 0
3
⇒ l 2 = 3h 2
l
⇒ h=
3
d2v 1
and = π(0 − 6h )
dh 2 3
= –2πh
⎛ l ⎞
= − 2π⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ < 0
⎝ 3⎠
l
so at h = volume of cone is maximum
3
and semivertical angle α as :
h
cos α =
l
l/ 3
cos α =
l
1
cos α =
3
⎛ 1 ⎞
∴ α = cos −1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ Ans.
⎝ 3⎠
25. Let A = R × R and * be a binary operation on A defined by (a, b) * (c, d) = (a + c, b + d)

Show that * is commutative and associative. Find the identity element for * on A. Also find the inverse of
every element (a, b) ∈ A.
Sol. A=R×R
(a, b)*(c, d) = (a + c, b +d)
Commutative : let (a., b), (c, d) ∈A
(a, b)*(c, d) = (a + c, b + d)
= (c + a, d + b)
= (c, d) (a, b) ∀ (a, b) (c, d) ∈A
* is commutative
Associative : Let (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) ∈ A
((a, b) * (c, d)) * (e, f) = ((a + c, b + d)) * (e, f)
= (a + c + e, b + d + f)
= (a + (c + e), b + (d + f))
= (a, b) * (c + e, d + f)
= (a, b) * ((c, d) * (e, f))
∀ (a, b), (c, d) (e, f) ∈ A
* is associative
Identity element:
Let (e1, e2) ∈ A
is identify element for * operation by definition
⇒ (a, b) * (e1, e2) = (a, b)
⇒ (a + e1, b + e2) = (a, b)
a + e1 = a, b + e2 = b
⇒ e1 = 0, e2 = 0
⇒ (0, 0) ∈A
⇒ (0, 0) is identify element for *
Inverse : let (b1, b2) ∈A is inverse of element (a, b)∈A then by definition.
(a, b) * (b1, b2) = (0, 0)
(a + b1, b + b2) = (0, 0)
⇒ a + b1 = 0, b + b2 = 0
⇒ (– a, –b) ∈A is inverse of every element (a, b) ∈A.
26. Three numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from first six positive integers. Let X denote the
largest of the three numbers obtained. Find the probability distribution of X. Also, find the mean and
variance of the distribution.
Sol. First six positive integrs are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

∴ Three numbers are selected at random
without replacement so, total no. of ways 6C3 = 20
let, x denote the larger of three numbers
so x can take values 3, 4, 5, 6
1
p(x = 3) =
20
3
p ( x = 4) =
20
6
p( x = 5) =
20
10
p ( x = 6) =
20
x 3 4 5 6
p(x) 1 3 6 10
20 20 20 20
xp(x) 3 12 30 60
20 20 20 20
x2p(x) 9 48 150 360
20 20 20 20
⇒ mean = ∑ x p( x )
3 12 30 60
= + + +
20 20 20 20
105
= = 5.25
20
∑ x p( x ) − ( ∑ x p( x ) )
2 2
Varience =
2
⎛ 567 ⎞ ⎛ 105 ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟−⎜ ⎟ = 28.35 – 27.56 = 0.79
⎝ 20 ⎠ ⎝ 20 ⎠

CBSE Board-XII Maths - 2016 - Eng.

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MATHEMATICS CBSE-XII-2016 EXAMINATION CAREER POINT

⇒ î (3μ + 9λ) – ĵ(μ − 27) + k̂ (−λ − 9) = 0î + 0 ĵ + 0k̂

4. For what values of k, the system of linear equations

5. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and |3A| = k|A|, then write the value of k.

⇒ AD = (−4 − 4)î + (4 − 5) ĵ + (4 − 1)k̂

10. Find the particular solution of the differential equation

⇒ lnx = lnt – 2et + c

12. Find : ∫ (x + 3) 3 − 4 x − x 2 dx.

Sol. xcos(a + y) = cosy

d2y sin 2(a + y) dy

⎧ sin(a + 1) x + 2 sin x , x<0

is continuous at x = 0, then find the values of a and b.

⎧ sin(a + 1) x + 2 sin x , x<0

LHL : lim f(0 – h)

− sin(a + 1)h − 2 sinh

⎛ sin(a + 1)h 2 sinh ⎞ ⎛ sin θ ⎞

RHL : lim f(0 +h)

∴ LHL = RHL = f(0)

Sol. Charges of typing one English page = Rs x

19. Solve for x : tan–1 (x – 1) + tan–1 x + tan–1(x + 1) = tan –13x

⇒ 2x(1+ 3x2) = 2x (2–x2)

⎛ 3 tan θ − tan 3 θ ⎞ 2 tan θ ⎞

21. Using properties of determinants, prove that

Taking z, x, y common from, C1, C2, C3 respectively, we get

⎢⎣8 0 13⎥⎦ ⎢⎣2 0 3⎥⎦

Taking A3 – 6A2 + 7A + kI3 = 0

⎡ 21 0 34⎤ ⎡30 0 48⎤ ⎡ 7 0 14 ⎤

Region: put (0, 0) in (a), (b), (c), (d)

Any plane passing through the line of intersect

dy ⎧⎪ (2 + cos θ) cos θ – sin θ(– sin θ) ⎫⎪

[Q 0 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1 ∀ θ ∈ [0, π/2]]

25. Let A = R × R and * be a binary operation on A defined by (a, b) * (c, d) = (a + c, b + d)

Sol. First six positive integrs are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

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