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Energy & Forces Study Guide  

Due: Tuesday, February 13, 2018

The answer key to this study guide can be found on the class website under “8th Grade
Science” along with a blank copy for you to do this again as another way to quiz yourself.

Directions: Unless otherwise stated, all answers must be given in complete sentences. For math
problems, you will receive credit for writing the correct formula, a correct answer, correct units,
and showing your work. Calculators are permitted so long as you show the steps you took in the
problem.

Formulas: All formulas you will need are listed here. You must decide which equation to use.

1 d v f inal − v initial
W=FXd GPE=mgh KE= m(v)​2​ v= a=
2 t t

F net weight on Earth

F​net​=ma a=
m weight=
9.8 ​ g
X

1. What are the four types of friction? This may be a list.

2. Use friction to explain why cars can stop.

3. What determines the amount of friction between two objects?

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4. Name three different types of energy. This may be a list.

5. What is energy?

6. What are the two things that have to occur for work to be done? This may be a list.

7. If you apply 200N of force to a car and it moves 3m, how much work was done to the
car?

8. What is the law of Conservation of Energy?

9. What two things does kinetic energy depend on? This may be a list.

10. What is the difference between speed and velocity?

11. Find the velocity of an object that travels south 20 miles for 1 hour.
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12. What is the constant for gravity on Earth? (be sure to include units!)

13. What causes friction between objects?

14. What do we mean when we say that something is accelerating?

15. There is a bell at the top of a tower that is 45m high. The bell is being pulled down by
gravity with a force of 190N. What is the potential energy?

16. What is the kinetic energy of a 2,000kg boat moving at 5m/s?

17. What is the velocity of a 500kg elevator that has 4000J of energy?

18. What causes acceleration?

19. If an object’s acceleration is 0m/s​2​, does that mean that the object is at rest? Explain.
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20. How do we measure inertia?

21. Explain inertia.

22. What two things determine the amount of gravity between objects? This may be a list.

23. What has gravity? Be specific!

24. When a plane takes off from the runway, is it accelerating? Explain.

25. If a racecar is advertised to accelerate from resting to 70km/hr in only 7 seconds, what is
the acceleration?

26. If it took Dave 6 hours to walk to Kaitlin’s house at 2km/hr, how far is it between their
houses?

27. A baseball is thrown 18m. It took 0.5s to get that far, so how fast was it traveling?
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28. What is the more commonly known name for Newton’s Third Law?

29. How does a change in mass effect the ability to accelerate an object?

30. If your weight on Earth is 150lbs, what is your weight on the Sun if the Sun has a gravity
of 274 m/s​2​?

31. What is the difference between the input and output of energy in a system?

32. When a planet is in orbit, is there acceleration? Explain.

33. Explain the changes in potential and kinetic energy as a ball is being thrown into the air
and then falling back to the ground.
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34. Draw a picture of a system of your choosing. In your drawing, label the following:
a. The input
b. The output
c. The transformations of energy

35. How do we refer to energy that results in a temperature increase to the surrounding
area?

36. If you pushed an isosceles triangle across a newly discovered planet with the same
gravitational pull as Earth with a force of 50N for 10m, how much work did you do?

37. What has GPE?

38. How would you describe a force? List at least two forces.

39. What three things does air resistance depend on? This may be a list.

40. What two things does Newton’s Third Law say MUST happen in nature? This may be a
list.