CHECAL FINAL EXAM

1.) A common method used in manufacturing sodium hypochlorite bleach is by the reaction
𝐶𝑙2 + 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻2 𝑂
Chlorine gas is bubbled through an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, after which the desired product is separated from the
sodium chloride (a byproduct of the reaction). A water-NaOH solution that contains 1145 lb of pure NaOH is reacted with 851lb of
gaseous chlorine. The NaOCl formed weighs 618lb.
What is the percentage excess of the excess reactant used and what was the percentage excess reactant used and degree of
completion of the reaction in terms of moles of NaOCl.
2.) Nitric Acid (HNO3) that is used industrially for a variety of reactions can be produced by the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with air by the
following overall reaction:
𝑁𝐻3 + 2𝑂2 → 𝐻𝑁𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂
The product gas from such a reactor has the following composition (on a water free basis):
0.8% 𝑁𝐻3 , 9.5% 𝐻𝑁𝑂3 , 3.8% 𝑂2 , 85.9% 𝑁2
3.) A mixture of 75% mole propane and 25% mole hydrogen is burned with 25% excess air. The fractional conversions of 90% of the
propane and 85% of the hydrogen are achieved; of the propane that reacts, 95% reacts to form CO2 and the balance reacts to form
CO. The hot combustion of product gas passes through a boiler in which heat transferred from the gas converts boiler feed water into
steam. Calculate the CO concentration in ppm in the stack gas.
4.) Strawberries contain about 15%wt solids and 85%wt water. To make strawberry jam, crushed strawberries and sugar are mixed in a
45:55 ratio, and the mixture is heated to evaporate water until the residue contain one-third water by mass.
5.) A chemist attempts to prepare some very pure crystals of borax (sodium tetraborate, 𝑁𝑎2 𝐵4 𝑂7 ∙ 10𝐻2 𝑂) by dissolving 100g of
𝑁𝑎2 𝐵4 𝑂7 in 200g of boiling water. He then carefully cools the solution slowly until some 𝑁𝑎2 𝐵4 𝑂7 ∙ 10𝐻2 𝑂 crystallizes out. Calculate
the g of 𝑁𝑎2 𝐵4 𝑂7 ∙ 10𝐻2 𝑂 recovered in the crystals per 100g of total initial solution𝑁𝑎2 𝐵4 𝑂7 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝐻2 𝑂, if the residual solution at 55C
after the crystals are removed contains 12.4% 𝑁𝑎2 𝐵4 𝑂7 .
6.) In the preparation of cooking liquor for sulphite pulp mill, an absorption column is used to absorb 𝑆𝑂2 in a weak liquor. The weak
liquor enters the top of the column at a rate of 1.5m3/min with SO2 concentration of 0.5%wt and leaves with SO2 concentration of
1.0%wt. The gas stream entering the bottom of the column and passing in the counter current direction to the liquid stream contains
15% SO2. When the gas leaves the top of the column, 80% SO2 is absorbed. The pressure in the column is 1.5bar and the temperature
is 310K. Assuming that the liquor has a specific gravity of 1.0, determine the percentage SO2 in the gas leaving the column.
7.) Air at 313K saturated with water vapor is dehumidified by cooling and condensation of water vapour at 286K. Air leaving the
dehumidifier saturated at 286K is mixed with a part of the original air which bypassed through the dehumidifier. The resulting air
stream is reheated to 313K. It is desired that the final air contains water vapour not more than 0.02kg per kg of dry air. Calculate the
The mass of dry air bypassed per each kg of dry air sent through dehumidifier.
8.) A wet organic pigment containing 40% CCl4 is to be dried to 5%. The drier can handle only 200 kg of bone dried solid. The air used for
drying is obtained by mixing fresh air with recycled air. The fresh air essentially free of CCl4 entering the drier is at 373K and 101.3 kPa
with a dew point of 288K for CCl4. The air leaving the drier has a CCl4 dew point of 298K. Calculate the amount of fresh air supplied to
the drier in kg/h.
9.) An Evaporation – crystallization process is used to obtain solid potassium sulfate from an aqueous solution of this salt. The fresh feed
to the process contains 19.6 wt% K2SO4. The wet filer cake consist of solid K2SO4 crystals and a 40.0% K2SO4 solution, in a ratio 10 kg
crystals/kg solution. The filtrate, also a 40.0% solution is recycled to join the fresh feed. Of the water fed to the evaporator, 45% is
evaporated. The evaporator has a maximum capacity of 175kg water evaporated/s.
10.) LEACHING