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Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annotated Bibliography

Lashley-Faria Debra

May 29 2010

Advanced Composition

SPRB 10
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Reference

Brownell, KJ. (2004). Fast food and obesity in children. PEDIATRICS, 113(1),

Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/113/1/132

The report by Brownell KD offers a good test of whether fast food is associated with increased

calorie intake and rising risk of obesity in children. It was found that the number of meals eaten

outside the home had increased dramatically. (The restaurant industry accounted for 46.1% in

1999, and was up from 25% in 1995) This showed an increase of greater than 40% more

American adults ate at a restaurant in a typical day.

Bowman, SA, Gortmaker, SL, Ebbeling, CB, Pereira, MA, & Ludwig, DS. (2004).

Effects of fast-food consumption on energy intake and diet quality among children in a national

household survey. PEDIATRICS, 113(1), retrieved from

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/113/1/112?

ijkey=97743cf62282370a32ef46a898698026e4193d7e&keytype2

The author is saying that Fast food has become a prominent feature of the diet of children in the

United States and, gradually more, throughout the world. The aim of the authors study was to

test the hypothesis that fast-food consumption adversely affects dietary factors linked to obesity

risk. They examined the associations between fast-food consumption and measures of dietary

quality using between-subject comparisons involving the whole cohort and within-subject

comparisons involving 2080 individuals who ate fast food on one but not both survey days. On a

typical day, 30.3% of the total sample reported consuming fast food.
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Powell, LM, Han, E, & Chaloupka, FJ. (2010, April 14).

Economic contextual factors, food consumption, and obesity among U.S. adolescents. Retrieved

from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20392882

Powell LM discussed the problems regarding the economic factors e.g. Food prices, and food

stores and restaurants availability were hypothesized and increasingly being explored as

contributors to the obesity epidemic. Evidence showed that healthful compared with less health

food, increasingly cost more and that fast food restaurants were increasingly available.

Duffey, KJ, Gordon-Larsen, P, Jacobs, DR, Williams, OD, & Popkin, BM. (2007).

Differential associations of fast food and restaurant food consumption with 3-y change in body

mass index: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. American Journal of

Clinical Nutrition, 85(1,201-208), Retrieved from

http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/85/1/201?

maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=food+and+obesity+in+america&searchid=1&

FIRSTINDEX=10&resourcetype=HWCIT

It was found that there were differential effects of restaurant food and fast food intake on BMI,

although the observed differences were not always statistically significant.

Key words: Energy intake, Fast food, Restaurant, Body weight change, Body mass index, and

Young adults.

Substantial evidence suggests that the increase in prevalence and incidence of obesity in early

adult years continues into late adulthood (1 -4). Increased consumption of food prepared

outside the home, has occurred concurrently with rapid weight gain. Studies have also provided
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evidence that fast food adversely affects weight and weight gain among black and white men

and women.

Myers, T. (2005, January). Obesity.

Retrieved from http://www.uschamber.com/issues/index/agriculture/obesity.htm

They are opposing food liability for obesity and obesity-related health problems. They have

increased their involvement in this issue. In an effort to help consumers maintain healthy dietary

practices, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently amended its nutrition labeling rules to

include mandatory labeling of trans-fatty acids January 2005.