CONNECTORS

A. CONTRAST

 In spite of /despite + gerund or noun: A pesar de. EX:

She didn’t pass the exam despite/ in spite of studying hard.

In spite of /despite the bad weather, she didn’t take a coat.

 Although/ Though/Even though/In spite of the fact that + sentence (subject+

verb): Aunque, a pesar del hecho de que . Ex:

Although/ Though/Even though/ In spite of the fact that the weather was cold, she didn’t
take a coat.

 However/ Nevertheless/ In spite of that/ Even so/ Yet (separados del resto d la
frase por una coma): Sin embargo, a pesar de ello. Ex.

He was very rude to us, yet we forgave him.

He was very rude to us. Nevertheless/However/In spite of that/ Even so, we forgave
him.

 On the one hand ……on the other hand: Dos ideas contrastadas, una suele tener
una ventaja y la otra no.

On the one hand, the city offers lot of entertainment. On the other hand, it’s very noisy.

 On the other hand puede ir solo:

The lecture was very boring. On the other hand, it was very short.

 On the contrary: Contradice lo que se dijo anteriormente, es opuesto a la frase

anterior

I thought you liked Italian food - On the contrary, I hate it!

 While/whereas: Unen oraciones con significados opuestos, no importa orden, con

coma. Ex:

This restaurant has a good reputation whereas/ while that one does not.

 In contrast to/ contrary to + expression nominal (incluyendo un gerundio o un

pron.)

In contrast to / Contrary to other TV shows, this one is very amusing.

B REASON, CAUSE AND PURPOSE

 Because / As/ Since/ Seeing that + sentence (subject+ verb): Indican razón o
causa de algo.Ex

Because /As /Since/Seeing that she was busy, I typed all the letters.

I typed all the letters because/ as /since /seeing that she was busy.

 Because of/ On account of/ Owing to + noun phrase: Porque (razón por la que).
 Because of/ On account of/ Owing to the low ticket sales, the concert was cancelled.

The concert was cancelled because of/ on account of/ Owing to the low ticket sales.

 In order to / So as to/ to + inf.: Para (expresar propósito, finalidad). Mismo sujeto.

He bought a computer in order to/ so as to/ to work more quickly.

 In order that/ so (that) + sentence with a modal. Mismo sujeto o diferente Ex:

He bought a computer in order that/ so that he could work more quickly.

He bought a computer in order that / so that his children could surf the Internet.

C ADDING INFORMATION AND GIVING EXAMPLES

 For example, for instance, such as

 Moreover, furthermore, in addition: Además. Seguidos de coma

There is an old medieval church in town. Moreover / furthermore / in addition, the town
hall dates back to 1493.

 Also: también.

I tidied my room and I also washed up.

 Besides: Además (sentido un poco más fuerte). Seguido de coma .

I’m too busy to take a holiday. Besides, my passport is out of date.

 In addition to / Besides / As well as (generalmente a final de frase) + noun

phrase: Además de.

In addition to / Besides a medieval church, the town has a Gothic town hall.

The town has several sports centres as well as a football stadium.

 Apart from ; except for: Excepción a la idea expresada en la frase.

Apart from Andrew, all my friends will be at the party.

There is nothing to see in this village except (for ) the old church.

D SEQUENCING AND SHOWING A SEQUENCE

- First of all / To begin with/ First / Firstly, we should start looking for a flat

- Second, Secondly, Then, we must view as many flats as possible.

- The next stage is to view …

- Finally/ In short/ To sum up/ In conclusion/ Lastly/ Last but not least , if we find anything,
we can enquire about buying.