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USER’S GUIDE

WELCOME TO matrix MATRIX


THE matrix briefing LEVEL 1

mATRIX MATRIX mATRIX


CHALLENGE 1 LEVEL 2 CHALLENGE 2

mATRIX MATRIX HISTRORICAL


CHALLENGE 3 LEVEL 3 NOTE

matrix recap matrix final MATRIX BONUS


challenge level
Welcome to the matrix
Hello, Welcome to “The Matrix” where you will be going to explore
the concepts of matrix multiplication. Your goal in “the Matrix” is to:

 Define multiplication of matrices from simple to generalized


concepts
 Apply the use of multiplying matrices in cryptogram
 Demonstrate different ways in multiplying matrices
 Appreciate the ways of solving matrix multiplication

Matrix Briefing

Before you proceed to “The Matrix” levels, let’s test your prior
knowledge about matrix by answering the following given questions

What is the product of the following?


MATRIX LEVEL 1

To get started in matrix multiplication, let’s begin by multiplying row


matrix to column matrix

Definition 1

If is a 1 × 𝑗 (row) matrix and is


a 𝑖 × 1 (column) matrix and i=j then the•product AB is defined as



Example 1

Let

4 
A= 1 2 and B=  
3

Then

4
AB= 1 2   = (1)(4)+(2)(3)= 10
3

Example 2

Let

2
A= 1 -2 1 and B=  3 
 
-1
Then

2
AB= 1 -2 1  3  = (1)(2)+(-2)(3)+(1)(-1)= 2+(-6)+(-1) = -5
 
-1

As you observe when multiplying matrices in the previous


examples, the first factor is a row matrix and the second factor is a
column matrix having the product is always a 1 × 1 matrix. but unlike in
a standard multiplication in algebra, changing the position of factors
makes a different result.

The product of a Matrix Multiplication is not commutative

Matrix challenge 1

In order to pass this challenge, decode the lock by finding the product
AB in each of provided clues.
MATRIX LEVEL 2
Congratulations of finishing the first level. However in the next level,
instead of a row matrix, the first factor is now a × Matrix so let’s
understand the concept of this level.

Definition 2
Suppose that

and

where A is an is a 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix and B is a a 𝑛 × 1 matrix then:

Example 3

Let

1 2  4
A=   and B=  
 3 -1 3

Then

 1 2  -2  (1)(-2)+(2)(3)   (-2)+6   4 


AB=    =  = = 
 3 -2  3  (3)(-2)+(-2)(3) (-6)+(-3) -9
As you observe in multiplying matrices from the previous example,
the first factor is a 2×2 matrix and the second factor is a 2×1 matrix. As
you can see, the number of rows of the matrix on left is equal to the
number of columns of the matrix at the right. Two matrices can only be
multiplied together if the number of columns in the first matrix is the same
as the number of rows in the second. So, if the first matrix has size p × q,
that is, it has p rows and q columns, and the second has size r × s, that is, it
has r rows and s columns, we can only multiply them together if q = r.
When this is so, the result of multiplying them together is a p × s matrix.

Two matrices can only ever be multiplied


together if the number of columns in the first is the
same as the number of rows in the second

Example 4

Let

 2
 1 1 1
A=   and B=  3 
-2 1 -3   
 4 

where Matrix A has size 2×3. The matrix B has size 3×1. Clearly the number
of columns of A is the same as the number of rows of B. The multiplication
can be performed and the result will be a 2 × 1 matrix. Then:

 2
 1 1 1     (1)(2)+(1)(3)+(1)(4)   2+3+4   9 
A=   3 = =  = 
-2 1 -3  4  (-2)(2)+(1)(3)+(-3)(4) (-4)+3+(-12) -13
 
Matrix challenge 2

In this challenge, you must find the combination finding the value of the blocks by
finding the product AB. Then arrange the blocks like a domino.

Z
MATRIX LEVEL 3
Congratulations of finishing the second level. However in this level the
factors are now a × matrix where number of rows of the matrix on left
is equal to the number of columns of the matrix at the right.

Definition 3
Suppose that

and

where A is an is a 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix and B is a a 𝑛 × 𝑟 matrix then then

Example 4

Let:

 3 1  2 0
A=   and B=  
 1 2  3 1
Where, matrix A has size 2×2 matrix B has size 2×2. Clearly the
number of columns of A is the same as the number of rows of B. The
multiplication can be performed and the result will be a 2 × 2 matrix. Then:
 3 1  2 0 
AB=   
 1 2  3 1
 (3)(2)+(1)(3) (3)(0) + (1)(1)
= 
 (1)(2)+(2)(3) (1)(0) + (2)(1)
6+3 0+1
= 
 2+6 0+2
9 1
= 
 8 2

Matrix challenge 3
In the third challenge, fill the boxes by finding the product ab in its
corresponding colors.
MATRIX recap
 The product a m× n matrix to a a n× r matrix is an m× r matrix
 the product of a matrix multiplication is not commutative
 Two matrices can only ever be multiplied together if the number of
columns in the first is the same as the number of rows in the
second.
Matrix Final challenge

After completing the levels of ”The Matrix” involving matrix


multiplication, let’s proceed to the final challenge where we are
assessing your gained knowledge from the levels we gone through.

Given The following Matrices

Find the following:

1.BC

2. BA

3.CA

4. DA

5.DE
MATRIX BONUS LEVEL

In this level, let’s discuss the application of matrix multiplication in


cryptology. Cryptology is is the processing of decoding and enciphering
data. Sounds interesting right? Le’s proceed to how encrypt data using
matrix multiplication

First, write a numerical value for each letter( i.e. A=1, B=2, and Z=26,
and space=27). The data should be placed in matrix form i.e. in 2x1 or3x1
matrix form. The data should be multiplied by given encoding matrix.
Then, write the answer (value after multiplying) in linear form.

Bonus Example

M A T H I S F U N
13 1 20 8 27 9 19 27 6 21 14
Next is we break the enumerated message above into a sequence of 3
by 1 matrix.

13   8  19   21


 1   27   27  14 
    
 20   9   6   0 

Then we multiply the given set of to the encoding matrix. the encoding
 1 0 -1
matrix is  0 1 0  .
 
 0 -1 1 

 1 0 -1 13 8 19 21 -7 -1 13 21 


 0 1 0   1 27 27 14  =  1 27 27 14 
    
 0 -1 1   20 9 6 0  19 -18 -21 -14 

The columns of this matrix give the encoded message. The message is
transmitted in the following linear form

-7, 1, 19, -1, 27, -18, 13, 27, -21, 21, 14, -14

And it is the encoded message

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