Stretford

Stretford (pop. 46,910) is a town in Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. Lying on flat ground between the River Mersey and the
Manchester Ship Canal, it is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) to the southwest ofManchester city centre, 3.0 miles (4.8 km) south-southwest of Salford
Stretford
and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) northeast ofAltrincham. Stretford is contiguous with the suburb ofChorlton-cum-Hardy to the east, and the towns
of Urmston to the west, Salford to the north, andSale to the south. The Bridgewater Canal bisects the town.

Historically in Lancashire, during much of the 19th century Stretford was an agricultural village, known locally as Porkhampton in
reference to the large number of pigs produced for the nearby Manchester market. It was also an extensive market-gardening area,
producing more than 500 long tons (508 t) of vegetables each week for sale in Manchester by 1845. The arrival of the Manchester Ship
Canal in 1894, and the subsequent development of the Trafford Park industrial estate in the north of the town, accelerated the
industrialisation that had begun in the late 19th century. By 2001 less than one per cent of Stretford's population was employed in
agriculture. Trafford Town Hall in Stretford

Stretford has been the home ofManchester United Football Clubsince 1910, and of Lancashire County Cricket Clubsince 1864. Notable
residents have included the industrialist, philanthropist, and Manchester's first multi-millionaire John Rylands, the suffragette Emmeline
Pankhurst, the painter L. S. Lowry, Morrissey, Joy Division frontman Ian Curtis and Jay Kay of Jamiroquai.

Stretford

Contents
History Stretford shown withinGreater Manchester
Industrialisation
Transport history Population 46,910 (2011 Census)

Governance
• Density 9,158/sq mi
Civic history (3,536/km2)
Political representation OS grid reference SJ795945
Geography • London 163 mi (262 km) SSE
Demography Metropolitan borough Trafford
Economy Metropolitan county Greater Manchester
Landmarks Region North West
Longford Cinema Country England
Great Stone Sovereign state United Kingdom
Cenotaph
Post town MANCHESTER
Longford Park
Postcode district M32
Stretford Public Hall
Dialling code 0161
Stretford Cemetery
Trafford Town Hall Police Greater Manchester
Union Church Fire Greater Manchester
Transport Ambulance North West

Education EU Parliament North West England

Religion
UK Parliament Stretford and Urmston
Sports
Culture and cultural references
Invention and discovery
Public services
Notable people
See also
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links

History
The origin of the name Stretford is "street" (Old English stræt) on a ford across the River Mersey.[1] The principal road through Stretford, the A56 Chester Road, follows the line of the old Roman road
from Deva Victrix (Chester) to Mancunium (Manchester), crossing the Mersey into Stretford at Crossford Bridge, built at the location of the ancient ford.[2] The earliest evidence of human occupation
around Stretford comes from Neolithic stone axes found in the area, dating from about 2000 BC. Stretford was part of the land occupied by the Celtic Brigantes tribe before and during the Roman
occupation, and lay on their border with the Cornovii on the southern side of the Mersey.[3] By 1212, there were two manors in the area now called Stretford. The land in the south, close to the River
Mersey, was held by Hamon de Mascy, while the land in the north, closer to the River Irwell, was held by Henry de Trafford.[4] In about 1250, a later Hamon de Mascy gave the Stretford manor to his
daughter, Margery. She in turn, in about 1260, granted Stretford to Richard de Trafford at a rent of one penny. The de Mascy family shortly afterwards released all rights to their lands in Stretford to
anors descended together.[2]
Henry de Trafford, the Trafford family thus acquiring the whole of Stretford, since when the two m

The de Trafford family leased out large parts of the land, much of it to tenants who farmed at subsistence levels. Although there is known to have been a papermill operating in 1765, the area remained
largely rural until the early 20th-century development of Trafford Park in the Old Trafford district north of the town.[5] Until then Stretford "remained in the background of daily life in England",[6]
except for a brief cameo role during the Jacobite rising of 1745, when Crossford Bridge was destroyed to prevent a crossing by Bonnie Prince Charlie's army during its abortive advance on London; the
bridge was quickly rebuilt.[6]

Until the 1820s one of Stretford's main cottage industries was the hand-weaving of cotton. There were reported at one time to have been 302 handlooms operating in Stretford, providing employment for
780 workers, but by 1826 only four were still in use, as the mechanised cotton mills of nearby Manchester replaced handlooms.[7] As Manchester continued to grow, it offered a good and easily
accessible market for Stretford's agricultural products, in particular rhubarb, once known locally as Stretford beef.[8] By 1836 market gardening had become so extensive around Stretford that one writer
described it as the "garden of Lancashire";[9] in 1845 more than 500 tons of vegetables were being produced for the Manchester market each week.[10] Stretford also became well known for its pig
market and the production ofblack puddings, leading to the village being given the nickname of Porkhampton. A local dish, known as Stretford goose, was made from pork stuffed with sage and onions.
[11]
During the 1830s, between 800 and 1,000 pigs a week were being slaughtered for the Manchester market.

Situated on the border with Manchester, Stretford became a fashionable place to live in the mid-19th century.[12] Large recreation areas were established, such as the Royal Botanical Gardens, opened in
1831. The gardens were sited in Old Trafford on the advice of scientist John Dalton, because the prevailing southwesterly wind kept the area clear of the city's airborne pollution.[13] In 1857, the gardens
hosted the Art Treasures Exhibition, the largest art exhibition ever held in the United Kingdom.[14] A purpose-built iron and glass building was constructed at a cost of £38,000 to house the
16,000 exhibits.[15] The gardens were also chosen as a site for the Royal Jubilee Exhibition of 1887, celebrating Queen Victoria's 50-year reign. The exhibition ran for more than six months and was
attended by more than 4.75 million visitors.[16] The gardens were converted into an entertainment resort in 1907, and hosted the first speedway meeting in Greater Manchester on 16 June 1928.
[17] There

was also greyhound racing from 1930, and an athletics track. The complex was demolished in the late 1980s, and all that remains is the entrance gates, close to what is now the White City Retail Park.
The gates were designated a Grade IIlisted structure in 1987.[18]

Industrialisation
The arrival of the Manchester Ship Canalin 1894, and the subsequent development of the Trafford Park industrial estate in the north of the town – the first planned industrial estate in the world[19] – had
a substantial effect on Stretford's growth. The population in 1891 was 21,751, but by 1901 it had increased by 40% to 30,436 as people were drawn to the town by the promise of work in the new
industries at Trafford Park.[20][21]

During the Second World War Trafford Park was largely turned over to the production of matériel, including the Avro Manchester heavy bomber, and the Rolls-Royce Merlin engines used to power both
the Spitfire and the Lancaster.[22][a] That resulted in Stretford being the target for heavy bombing, particularly during the Manchester Blitz of 1940. On the nights of 22/23 and 23/24 December 1940
alone, 124 incendiaries and 120 high-explosive bombs fell on the town, killing 73 people and injuring many more. Among the buildings damaged or destroyed during the war were Manchester United's
Old Trafford football ground, All Saints' Church,[23] St Hilda's Church,[24] and the children's library in King Street.[25] Smoke generators were set up in the north of the town close to Trafford Park in an
effort to hide it from enemy aircraft,[26] and 11,900 children were evacuated to safer areas in Lancashire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, and Staffordshire, along with their teachers and supervisors.[27] A
memorial to those residents who lost their lives in the bombing was erected in Stretford Cemetery in 1948, over the communal grave of the 17 unidentified people who were killed in the blitz of
December 1940.[28]

Between 1972 and 1975, what is now the B&Q store in Great Stone Road was the 3,000-capacity Hardrock Theatre and Village Discothèque, hosting some of that period's major artists in their prime.
Led Zeppelin, David Bowie, Bob Marley, Elton John, Hawkwind, Yes, Chaka Khan, Curved Air and Lou Reed were amongst those who appeared. Tangerine Dream was the last band to perform at the
Hardrock, on 19 October 1975.[29] In more recent years, Lancashire Cricket Club's Old Trafford ground, next door, has provided a concert venue for bands such as Oasis, Foo Fighters, The Cure,
Radiohead, Coldplay, Arctic Monkeys and Take That.[30]

Transport history
Stretford's growth was fuelled by the transport revolutions of the 18th and especially the 19th century: the Bridgewater Canal reached Stretford in 1761, and the railway in 1849. The completion of the
[31]
Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway(MSJAR) in 1849, passing through Stretford, led to the population of the town nearly doubling in a decade, from 4,998 in 1851 to 8,757 by 1861.

Because Stretford is situated on the main A56 road between Chester and Manchester many travellers passed through the village, and as this traffic increased, more inns were built to provide travellers
with stopping places. One of the earliest forms of public transport through Stretford was the stagecoach; the Angel Hotel, on the present day site of what used to be the Bass Drum public house,[32] was
one of the main stopping places for stagecoaches in Stretford, and the Trafford Arms was another.[33] Horse-drawn omnibuses replaced the stagecoach service through Stretford in 1845.[34] The
Manchester Carriage Company's tramway from Manchester to Stretford was built in 1879, terminating at the Old Cock Hotel on the A56 road, next to which a small depot was built to house the cars and
horses.[35] A 1900 timetable shows that trams left for Manchester every 10 minutes between 8:00 am and 10:15 pm.[36] The horse-drawn trams were replaced with electric trams in 1902,[37] and after
the Second World War the trams were replaced by buses.[38]

The MSJAR railway line through Stretford was electrified in 1931 and converted to light rail operation in 1992, when it became part of the Manchester Metrolink tram network. The first Metrolink tram
through Stretford ran on 15 June 1992.[39]

Governance

Civic history
Stretford was part of the ancient parish of Manchester, within the historic county boundariesof Lancashire.[40] Following the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834,
a national scheme for dealing with the relief of the poor, Stretford joined the Chorlton Poor Law Union in 1837, one of three such unions in Manchester,[41] before
transferring to the Barton-upon-Irwell Poor Law Union in 1849.[40] In 1867, Stretford Local Board of Health was established, assuming responsibility for the local
government of the area in 1868.[42] The board's responsibilities included sanitation and the maintenance of the highways, and it had the authority to levy rates to
pay for those services. The local board continued in that role until it was superseded by the creation of Stretford Urban District Council in 1894,[40] as a result of
the Local Government Act 1894.

Stretford Urban District became the Municipal Borough of Stretford in 1933,[40] giving it borough status in the United Kingdom. Stretford Borough Council was
granted its arms on 20 February 1933. The roses are the red roses of Lancashire, and the lion in the centre represents John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. Above
the lion are a crossed flail and scythe; the flail comes from the arms of the de Trafford family; the scythe is a reminder of the agricultural history of the area; the
thunderbolts above represent the importance of electricity in Stretford's industrial development. The boat at the bottom represents Stretford's links to the sea via the
Manchester Ship Canal.[43]

In 1974, as a result of theLocal Government Act 1972, the Municipal Borough of Stretford was abolished and Stretford has, since 1 April 1974, formed part of the
Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester.[40] Trafford Town Hall – previously Stretford Town Hall – is the administrative centre of Trafford. Arms of the former Stretford
Municipal Borough Council

Political representation
The constituency of Stretfordwas created in 1885, and existed until 1997, when it was replaced by the present constituency of Stretford and Urmston. Kate Green, a member of the Labour Party, became
the MP at the 2010 General Election, with a majority of 8,935, representing 48.6 percent of the vote. The Conservatives took 28.7 percent of the vote, the Liberal Democrats 16.9 percent, the United
Kingdom Independence Party3.4 percent, the Green Party 2.0 percent, and the Christian Party 0.4 percent.[44]

Stretford is one of the four major urban areas in Trafford; the other three are Altrincham, Sale and Urmston.[45] The area historically known as Stretford, between the River Irwell in the north and the
River Mersey in the south, has since 2004 been divided between the rafford
T local governmentwards of Clifford, Longford, Gorse Hill, and Stretford. Each ward is represented by three local councillors,
giving Stretford 12 of the 63 seats on Trafford Council. The wards elect in thirds on a four yearly cycle.[46] As of the 2014 local elections, all 12 councillors representing the Stretford area are members
of the Labour Party.[47]
Geography
2), just north of the River Mersey, at 53°26′48″N 2°18′31″W (53.4466,
Stretford occupies an area of 4.1 square miles (10.6 km
Stretford
−2.3086). The area is generally flat, sloping slightly southwards towards the river valley,[2] and is approximately 150 feet
Climate chart ( explanation )
(46 m) above sea level at its highest point.[49] The most southerly part of Stretford lies within the flood plain of the River
Mersey, and so has historically been prone to flooding. A great deal of flood mitigation work has been carried out in the J F M A M J J A S O N D
Mersey Valley since the 1970s, with the stretch of the Mersey through Stretford canalised to speed up the passage of
floodwater.[50] Emergency floodbasins have also been constructed, Sale Water Park being a prominent local example, lying
immediately to the south of Stretford. 21 21
19 18
16 14
13
Stretford comprises the local areas ofOld Trafford, Gorse Hill, Trafford Park 8 8 10 10
7
10 12 12 10
and Firswood. Its climate is generally temperate, with few extremes of 5
8 7
2 2 3 4 2
temperature or weather. The mean temperature is slightly above average for
the United Kingdom. Annual rainfall and average amount of sunshine are
both slightly below the average for the UK.[51]

Stretford's built environment developed along the A56 road in two separate 70 70 50 63 51 58 54 69 63 88 82 78

sections, corresponding to the original two manors. The area in the south, Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
near to the border with Sale, grew around the church of St Matthew – an old
Precipitation totals in mm
alternative name for the town was Stretford St. Matthew.[52] The northern
Source: World W eather Online [48]
The Metropolitan Borough of part of Stretford was centred on Old Trafford, with undeveloped countryside
Trafford, highlighting Stretford in red separating them. During the 19th century,the sections merged.[53] Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
The western terminus of the early medieval linear earthwork Nico Ditch is in
Hough Moss, just to the east of Stretford; it was probably used as an administrative boundary and dates from the 8th or 9th
century.[54]
66 70 70
64
61 57
55
46 46 50 50
45
50 54 54 50
46 45
37 41 39
36 36 36

2.8 2.8 2 2.5 2 2.3 2.1 2.7 2.5 3.5 3.2 3.1

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

Demography
As at the 2011 UK census, the Stretford area wards of Clifford, Gorse Hill, Longford and Stretford had a total
[55]
population of 46,910 and a population density of 8,907 persons per square mile (3,439 per km²). Stretford Compared
2011 UK Census Stretford Trafford England
Stretford residents had an average age of 36 years, younger than the 39.3 Trafford average. For every 100 females,
there were 97.8 males. Of all residents, 42% were single (never married): in Trafford, 33% were single. Of the Total population 46,910 226,578 53,012,456
19,209 households, 33% were one-person households, 56% were married couples with dependent children, and Foreign born 22% 11% 14%
15% were lone parents with dependent children. Of those aged 16–74 in Stretford, 23% had no academic
White 63% 86% 85%
qualifications, higher than the 18% in all of Trafford.[55]
Asian 15% 8% 8%
With 78% of residents born in the United Kingdom, there is a relatively high proportion of foreign-born residents Black 8% 3% 4%
reported. There is also a high proportion of non-white people, as 63% of residents were recorded as white. The
Average age 36.0 y 39.3 y 39.3 y
largest minority group wasAsian, at 21% of the population.[55]
Over 65 years old 12% 16% 16%
In 1931, 18.7% of Stretford's population was middle class and 19.7% working class compared to 14% middle class
and 36% working class nationally. The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual
.[56]
workers. By 1971, the middle class in Stretford had declined steadily to 14.9% whilst the working class had grown to 31.3% compared to 24% middle class and 26% working class nationally

Population change in Stretford since 1801

Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1939 1951 1961

Population 1,477 1,720 2,173 2,463 3,524 4,998 8,757 11,945 19,018 21,751 30,436 42,496 46,535 56,791 51,929 61,874 60,364

Source: A Vision of Britain through Time[57][58][59]

Economy
Until the end of the 19th century Stretford was a largely agricultural village. The development of the Trafford Park industrial estate in the north of the
town, beginning in the late 19th century, had a significant effect on Stretford's subsequent development. At its peak in 1945 the park employed an
estimated 75,000 workers;[60] housing and other amenities had to be constructed on what had previously been agricultural land.
[61] Trafford Park is still a
[45]
very significant source of employment, containing an estimated 1,400 companies and employing about 44,000 people.

The main shopping centre is Stretford Mall in the commercial centre of Stretford, previously known as Stretford Arndale. It was opened in 1969 and
changed its name in 2003.[62] Stretford Mall was built on the site of the original shopping centre in the former King Street. The Trafford Centre, a large
shopping and leisure complex opened in September 1998, lies to the northwest of Stretford. Frequent shuttle buses run between Stretford Metrolink tram
station and The Trafford Centre, about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) away.[63]
Entrance to Trafford Park industrial
According to the 2011 UK census, the industry of employment of residents in Stretford was 17% retail and wholesale, 11% health and social work, 11% estate
education, 7% manufacturing, 6% transport and storage, 6% public administration and defence, 6% professional, scientific and technical activities, 5%
hotels and restaurants, 5% construction, 5% finance, 1% energy and water supply, 0.06% agriculture and 5% other.[64] This is roughly in line with
 national figures, except for the town's relatively low percentage of agricultural workers.

The 2011 census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74 as 39.3% in full-time employment, 13.6% in part-time employment, 7.5% self-
employed, 5.7% unemployed, 5.9% students, 9.5% retired, 5.6% looking after home or family, and 6.1% permanently sick or disabled. The 5.7%
unemployment rate in Stretford was high compared with the national rate of 3.2%.[65] According to the Office for National Statistics estimates, between
[66]
April 2001 and March 2002 the average gross income of households in Stretford was £415 per week (£21,664 per year).

Landmarks
Stretford's town centre, showing
Stretford Mall in the midground
Longford Cinema
Longford Cinema, opposite Stretford Mall, on the eastern side of the A56 Chester Road, is perhaps the
most visually striking building in the town. Designed by the architect Henry Elder, it was the height of Art Deco fashion when it was opened by the
[67]
Mayor of Stretford in 1936. Its unusual "cash register" frontage was intended to symbolise the business aspect of show business.

The building incorporated many modern features, such as sound-proofing and under-seat heating,[68] and it was also the first cinema in Britain to make
use of concealed neon lighting. It had a seating capacity of 1,400 in the stalls and 600 in the circle, with a further 146 seats in the café area.[67] When
built, the cinema had a short pedestrian approach to the facade, which was removed when the A56 was widened. During the Second World War the
building was used for concerts, including one given by a young Julie Andrews.[68] It also played host to the Hallé Orchestra after the orchestra's own
home, the Free Trade Hall, was bombed and severely damaged during theManchester Blitz of 1940.
Longford Cinema, May 2007
After a change of ownership in 1950, the cinema was renamed the Stretford Essoldo. It continued to operate as a cinema until 1965, when it was
converted into a bingo hall, which it remained until its closure in 1995.[68] The building has been unused since then. It was designated a Grade II listed
building in 1994.[69]

In 2017 a proposal was put forward by Trafford Council to bring the Essoldo back into use as part of the new University Academy 92, to provide student amenities and other community facilities such as
an enhanced library.[68]

Great Stone
The Great Stone, which gave its name to the Great Stone Road, where it was located until being moved in 1925, is one of Stretford's most easily
overlooked landmarks. The stone is composed of millstone grit and was probably deposited as a glacial erratic. It is rectangular in shape, about
5 feet (2 m) wide, 2 feet (1 m) deep, and 3 feet (1 m) tall, with two 7-inch (18 cm) deep rectangular slots cut into its upper surface.

Several suggestions have been made for the history of the Great Stone. There was a succession of plagues in Manchester from the 14th century
onwards,[70] and during the Great Plague of 1655–56 the holes in the top of the stone were filled with vinegar or holy water, through which coins were
passed in the belief that would halt the spread of the disease.[71] But the holes are probably too deep for that to have been the stone's original purpose. It
may have been a marker on the Roman road between Northwich and Manchester, or some kind of boundary marker.[72] The Great Stone is also thought The Great Stone
to have been the base of an Anglo-Saxon cross shaft.[59] A local legend had it that the stone was slowly sinking into the earth, and that its ultimate
disappearance would mark the end of the world.[73]

When the Great Stone Road was widened in the late 19th century, the stone was moved back from the road slightly. In 1925, the stone was moved again, to its current location outside the North Lodge of
[74]
Gorse Hill Park, about 328 feet (100 m) from its historical location. The stone is a Grade II listed structure.

Cenotaph
Stretford Cenotaph, opposite the Chester Road entrance to Gorse Hill Park, was built as a memorial to the 580 Stretford men who lost their lives in the
First World War. Their names and regiments are listed on a large bronze plaque on the wall behind the cenotaph. It was formally unveiled in 1923, by the
Earl of Derby, Secretary of State for War.[75]

The cenotaph is 24 feet (7 m) high and 11 feet (3 m) wide at its base. It cost £2,000 to build, raised by public subscription and a donation from the
Stretford Red Cross. The memorial bears the legend "They died that we might live" on one side, and "In memory of the heroic dead" on the other. It is a
Grade II listed structure.[76]

Longford Park
Stretford Cenotaph
Longford Park is the largest park in Trafford, at 54 acres (22 ha).[77] It includes a pets' corner, wildlife garden, bowling greens, tennis and basketball
courts, children's play areas,disc golf course, and an athletics stadium,[78] and was the finishing point of the annual Stretford Pageant. It was the site of a
royal garden party in 1977, the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II. As the Manchester–Stretford boundary ran across the park until the Boundary Commission
moved it in 1987, part of it (including the Athletics Stadium) was inChorlton-cum-Hardy, although it was always administered by Trafford MBC.

Longford Park was the home of John Rylands, industrialist, philanthropist, and Manchester's first multi-millionaire,[79] from 1855 until his death in
1888[80] and of his widow Enriqueta Augustina Rylands until her death in 1908. The house Rylands constructed in the park in 1857, Longford Hall, was
demolished in 1995. It replaced an earlier house of the same name that had been the residence of Thomas Walker (died 1817) and subsequently of his
sons Thomas (died 1836) and Charles. Today only the front porch, coach house, and the stable buildings remain.[81] The estate and hall were sold to
.[82]
Stretford Council in 1911 after a poll of ratepayers, and the park was opened to the public the following year

The front porch of Longford Hall

Stretford Public Hall
Stretford Public Hall was built in 1878 by John Rylands.[83] It was designed by N. Lofthouse and is on the western side of the A56 Chester Road, opposite the Longford Cinema. Stretford's first public
lending library was established in the building in 1883.[84] On the death of Rylands in 1888, his widow placed the building at the disposal of the local authority for a nominal rent, and on her own death
[83]
in 1908, the building was bought by Stretford Council for £5,000.

Public baths were built to the rear of the building, accessed via Cyprus Street.[85] In 1940 the new Stretford Library was opened on King Street, and the public hall was rendered surplus. The building re-
opened in March 1949 as the Stretford Civic Theatre, with a well-equipped stage for the use of local groups. After the Stretford Leisure Centre opened in 1977 now Stretford Sports Village, the Cyprus
Street Baths wing fell into disuse, and was demolished. The remainder of the building began to fall into disrepair, despite being designated a Grade II listed structure in 1987,[86] until Trafford Council
refurbished and converted the hall to serve as council of
fices in the mid-1990s. It was re-opened in 1997, once again named Stretford Public Hall.
Stretford Cemetery
Stretford Cemetery was designed by John Shaw and opened in 1885. Its chapel is in the Decorated style, designed by architects Bellamy & Hardy, and
quite elaborate.[87] On the western side is a memorial to the casualties of the Second W
orld War and to the east a newer section of the cemetery
.

Trafford Town Hall

Trafford Town Hall stands in a large site at the junction of Talbot Road and Warwick Road, directly opposite the Old Trafford Cricket Ground. Work on
the building, designed by architectsBradshaw Gass & Hopeof Bolton, began on 21 August 1931.[88] Stretford Public Hall

The town hall officially came into use as Stretford Town Hall on the granting of Stretford's charter, on 16 September 1933. In 1974, on the formation of
[89]
the new Trafford Metropolitan Borough, StretfordTown Hall was adopted as the base for the new ocuncil and renamed Trafford Town Hall; it was designated a Grade II listed building in 2007.

Union Church
The Union Church was formed in 1862, with John Rylands as its patron;[90] he laid the foundation stone of its building in Edge Lane, close to Longford Park's southern entrance, in 1867. In the latter
part of the 20th century the church was converted into office accommodation but by the early 21st century was standing empty. In 2012 it was restored to its original use a church having been bought by
the Church of Christ – Iglesia ni Cristo.

Transport
Stretford Metrolink stationis part of the Manchester Metrolinktram system, and lies on theAltrincham to Bury line. Trams leave about every six minutes
between 7:15 and 18:30, and every 12 minutes at other times of the day.[91] The nearest main line railway station is Trafford Park, on the Liverpool to
[92] The 20-acre (8 ha) Trafford
Manchester line. Services are roughly every two hours in each direction, with extra services calling during the peak hours.
Park Euroterminal rail freight terminal, opened in 1993, is in the Gorse Hill area of Stretford. It cost £11 million and has the capacity to deal with
100,000 containers a year. The containers are handled by two huge gantry cranes, the noise from which has led to complaints from some local
residents.[93]

The town has good access to the motorway network. Junction 7 of the M60 is just to the north of Stretford's boundary with Sale, and the A56 road gives
easy access to the south as well as to Manchester city centre in the other direction. Cycle paths exist as part of therafford
T cycle initiative.
Stretford Metrolink station
Manchester Airport, the busiest in the UK outside London,[94] is about nine miles (14 km) to the south of Stretford.

Education
Along with the rest of Trafford, Stretford maintains a selective education system assessed by the11-plus examination.

The proportion of pupils leaving Stretford Grammar School with five or more GCSEs at grades A*–C in 2006, was 98.3%, compared to an average of
66.7% for all secondary schools in Trafford and a national UK average of 61.3%.[95] The proportion of students from minority ethnic backgrounds, and
for whom English is an additional language, is much higher than the average.[96] Stretford Grammar was awarded specialist Science College status in
September 2005. The school was assessed as "good" in its April 2015Ofsted report.[96]

Stretford High School in 2007
Stretford High School Community Languages College, like Stretford Grammar, has a much higher proportion than the national average of pupils with a
first language other than English, many of them being either asylum seekers or refugees. In 2004 Stretford High School was made subject to special
measures, as it was considered not to be providing an adequate education for its pupils. Substantial improvement has taken place since then; the school
was assessed as "satisfactory" in its November 2005 Ofsted report and was removed from special measures. Further improvements saw Stretford High
School gain an "outstanding" assessment from Ofsted, following its February 2008 inspection. GCSE results also placed the school in the top 1% of
[97]
schools in the country for adding value to its students.

Stretford also has the specialist Arts College,Lostock College.

Plans to build a new university in the town, to be known as University Academy 92, were announced in September 2017. A branch of Lancaster University, it hopes to welcome the first of its anticipated
6500 students in September 2019. The campus is to be built on the Kelloggs headquarters site onalbot rafford Council for £12 million.[98][b]
T Road, which has already been acquired by T

Religion
The date of the first church to be built in Stretford is unrecorded, but in a lease dated 1413, land is described as
lying next to a chapel.[2] Many of the present day churches in the area were constructed during the late 19th and Stretford Compared
early 20th century, as the population of Stretford began to grow
. 2001 UK Census Stretford Trafford England

Methodism was a significant influence in 19th-century Stretford,[99] but of the seventeen churches in the town Total population 46,910 226,578 53,012,456
today, only one is Methodist whereas five are Roman Catholic. The Catholic mission in Stretford was begun in Christian 51.2% 63.4% 59.4%
1859, in a small chapel on Herbert Street.[100]
Muslim 18.4% 5.7% 5.0%
As at the 2011 UK census, 51% of Stretford residents reported themselves as being Christian, 18% as Muslim, and Sikh 2.7% 0.7% 0.8%
3% as Sikh. No other religion was represented at higher than 1% of the population, with 20% reporting themselves
Hindu 0.8% 1.0% 1.5%
as having no religion.
Buddhist 0.3% 0.3% 0.5%
Stretford is in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford,[101] and the Anglican Diocese of Manchester.[102]
Jewish 0.2% 1.1% 0.5%
There are two Grade II listed churches in Stretford: the Church of St Ann[103] and the Church of St Matthew.[104]
No religion 19.7% 21.2% 24.7%
St Ann's is a Roman Catholic church, built in 1862–67 by E. W. Pugin for Sir Humphrey and Lady Annette de
Trafford.[103] It was officially opened by Bishop William Turner on 22 November 1863, and was consecrated in
June 1867.[105] Features include a historic organ built by Jardine & Co (1867) and a good number of fine stained glass windows by Hardman & Co of Birmingham. St Matthew's church was built in
[104]
1842 by W. Hayley in the Gothic Revival style, with additional phases in 1869, 1906 and 1922.

Sports
Stretford has been the home of Manchester United Football Club since 1910, when the club moved to its present Old Trafford ground, the western end of which is still unofficially called the Stretford
End.

Old Trafford was originally the home of Manchester Cricket Club, but became the home of Lancashire County Cricket Club in 1864 upon that club's
formation. The ground is on Talbot Road, Stretford, where it has been since 1856. Similar to its counterpart, one end of the Old Trafford cricket ground is
called the Stretford End. It has been a test venue since 1884 and has hosted three World Cup semi-finals.[106] After the 2005 Ashes Test, when more than
20,000 fans had to be turned away,[107] the decision was made to increase the ground's capacity from 20,000 to 25,000. Initial plans included building a
new stadium on the site of Trafford Town Hall, opposite the present ground. Trafford Council voted against the demolition of the town hall and instead,
in 2007, signed an agreement jointly with Lancashire County Cricket Club, Ask Developments, and Tesco, to redevelop the ground on its present
site.[108]

The new cricket ground will be at the heart of a 750,000 square feet (69,677 m2) development that will
Manchester United's Old Trafford also include business space, residential, retail, hotel and leisure facilities.[108] More than £25 million is
football ground rafford.[106]
expected to be invested in the redevelopments at Old T

Stretford Stadium, adjoining Longford Park, is the home of rTafford Athletic Club. Trafford is one of the
[109]
UK's top athletic clubs, with more than 100 members having competed at international level.

The Stretford Sports Village run by Trafford Community Leisure Trust comprises two main centres: the original Stretford Leisure Centre, now called the
Chester Centre, and the facility at Stretford High School called the Talbot Centre. The Stretford Sports Village is between Manchester United Football Lancashire CCC – main entrance
Club's Old Trafford Stadium and Lancashire County Cricket Club's Old Trafford Ground. The centres have a 25-metre main pool, a 20-metre children's
pool, four gyms, a table tennis room, twelve badminton courts, twofive-a-side courts, a spinning studio, practice hall, training rooms, community room, a
cafe, an outdoor full-size floodlight artificial turf pitch and a full-size grass pitch.[110] Trafford Water Sports Centre lies just across Stretford's southern border with Sale, about one mile (1.6 km) from
Stretford town centre.

Culture and cultural references

Although Stretford town centre is busy during the day, there is very little in the way of a night-time economy.[111] There are no restaurants or other entertainments except for a number of public houses
and members-only social clubs. There are two public libraries: Greatstone Library
, part of Stretford Sports Village, and Stretford Library, both run by Trafford Council.

The Stretford Pageant is an annual Rose Queen festival held on the last Saturday of June; the inaugural pageant was staged in 1919.[112] There is a procession of decorated floats through the streets,
collecting money for local charities and ending at Longford Park, where the Rose Queen is crowned. The tradition of the Rose Queen derives from an earlier event organised by St Peter's Church from
1909 until the pageant began in 1919. V
arious other entertainments are provided in the park on the day of the pageant, such as a fun fair andcar
a boot sale. Stretford Pageant, along with similar events in
[113]
other parts of Trafford, is under threat because ofthe council's proposals to reduce funding and support for such events in the future.

The Stretford Wives is a television drama that was broadcast by the BBC in August 2002, watched by 5.7 million viewers.[114] Written by Danny Brocklehurst, it is the story of three sisters living in
[115][116]
Stretford, although most of the filming took place in nearby Salford. The programme received a mixed critical reception.

Invention and discovery

The Stretford process was developed at the North-Western Gas Board's laboratories in Stretford during the 1940s. It was the first liquid phase oxidation process for removing hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
[117]
from town gas to be commercially successful. Many Stretford plants were built worldwide.

Public services
Policing in Stretford is the responsibility of the Greater Manchester Police, who have their headquarters in the town.[118] The force's "M" Division, responsible for policing in Trafford, is also based in
Stretford, close to Trafford Town Hall.[119]

Waste management is co-ordinated by the local authority via theGreater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority.[120]

Notable people
Perhaps fittingly for an area so close to Trafford Park, the world's first planned industrial estate, one of the world's first industrial espionage agents, John Holker,
was born in Stretford, in 1719.[121][122]

Two of Stretford's famous residents were the suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst and the painter L. S. Lowry, who was born in Stretford in 1887.[123] Manchester's
first multi-millionaire John Rylands and his wife Enriqueta Augustina Rylands lived at Longford Hall in Stretford during the later parts of their lives.[124] The
radical firebrand socialist, and later post-war politican Herschel Lewis Austin (1911–1974) served Stretford as a Labour Member of Parliament between 1945 and
1950.

Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer KCMG (1860–1929) a British-Australian biologist and anthropologist was born in Stretford,[125] as were ABC's lead singer Martin
Fry, rock climber Derek Hersey[126] and television actor John Comer, best known for his role as café owner Sid in the BBC sitcomLast of the Summer Wine.[127]

Musicians who have lived in the area include Morrissey, the front man of 1980s alternative rock band the Smiths, whose family moved to King's Road in Stretford
when he was 10 years old. Jay Kay, lead singer and songwriter of Jamiroquai, was born in Stretford in 1969. Oscar-nominated film maker Mark Gill was raised in
[128] Statue of Emmeline
Stretford, where in 2016 he made a film about Morrissey's early life.
Pankhurst in Victoria Tower
Gardens, Westminster
A number of Manchester United players, including some of those who died in the Munich air disaster of February 1958, lived in lodgings at 19 Gorse Avenue. A
blue plaque was unveiled at the house by former lodger and Munich survivor
Sir Bobby Charlton in recognition of the house's association with Manchester United.
The owner of the house during the 1950s was Mar ferent family.[129]
garet Watson, but by the time of the plaque's unveiling more than 50 years later it was occupied by a dif

See also
Listed buildings in Stretford

References
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a. The Rolls-Royce Merlin engine was made by Ford, under licence. The factory produced 34,000 engines, and employed 17,316 people.
b. Kelloggs will be moving their offices to MediaCityUK in 2018.
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Bibliography

Bayliss, Don (1996), Historical Atlas of Trafford, Don Bayliss, ISBN 0-9529300-0-5
Farnie, D. A. (1993), John Rylands of Manchester, John Rylands University Library of Manchester
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Greater Manchester Police (1989),The Police! 150 Years of Policing in the Manchester Area, Archive Publications,ISBN 0-948946-49-0
Massey, Samuel (1976), A History of Stretford, John Sherratt and Son,ISBN 0-85427-046-9
Masterson, Vicki; Cliff, Karen (2002), Stretford: An Illustrated History, The Breedon Books Publishing Company
, ISBN 1-85983-321-7
Nevell, Mike (1997), The Archaeology of Trafford, Trafford Metropolitan Borough withUniversity of Manchester Archaeological Unit, ISBN 1-870695-25-9
Nicholls, Robert (2004),Curiosities of Greater Manchester, Sutton Publishing, ISBN 0-7509-3661-4
Nicholls, Robert (1996),Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, Phillimore & Co, ISBN 1-86077-013-4
Nicolaisen, W. F. H.; Gelling, M.; Richards, M. (1970),The Names of Towns and Cities in Britain, B. T. Batsford Ltd, ISBN 0-7134-0113-3
Parkinson-Bailey, John J. (2000), Manchester: An Architectural History, Manchester University Press,ISBN 0-7190-5606-3
Rendell, Douglas (1998),Cinemas of Trafford, Jarvis Print Group, ISBN 0-9512560-1-7
Scola, Roger (1992), Feeding the Victorian City: the food supply ofManchester, 1770–1870, Manchester University Press,ISBN 0-7190-3088-9
Smith, Peter J. C. (2003),Luftwaffe over Manchester: The Blitz Years 1940–1944, Neil Richardson, ISBN 978-1-85216-151-4

External links
Stretford Brass Band
History of Stretford
Edwin Waugh's journey to Stretford 1857
Contemporary documentary on the Borough of Stretford, including footage of the 1933 Charter Day celebrations
Saint Matthews Church Stretford

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