Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 67

Indefinite integral

51) Submitting to calculate:


 ln( x  1)dx  x ln x  1   x  1dx.
x

 f g x dx  fg   f gdx.
'

f  x   ln x  1

  x  1
f  x   ln  x  1 
1

x 1 x 1
g dx   dx , int egrates :

 g dx    dx ; g x   x
xdx x  1  1 dx   1  dx
 x 1   x 1  1  x  1 dx  x   x  1.
I t  x ln  x  1  x  
dx
x 1
dx
 x  1. , var iable is changing :

x  1  t , differentiate :

d  x  1  dt ;  x  1 dx  dt ; dx  dt
dx dt
 x 1   t
 ln t  ln x  1  C

 ln  x  1dx  x ln  x  1  x  ln x  1  C.
52) Submitting to calculate:
 x  1ln x dx , relation 1; .
2

Apply integration by parts formula:


 f x  g x dx  f x g x    f x g x  dx, relation
2
By identifying the relationship, results that: f  x   ln x.
f  x   ln x   .
1
x

g x dx  x 2  1 dx.  the integration result:

70
Indefinite integral

 x3 
g x     x
 3 
 

 g  x dx   x  1 dx;
2

 ln x x 2
 1 dx 
 x3

 3
 x



ln x 
 x3

  x
1
 dx.
x
   3 
 x3   x2 
It    x ln x   
  1 dx
 3   3 
   
 x3  1
It    x  ln x   x 2 dx  1 dx.
 3  3
 
 x3  1 x3
It   
 x ln x    xC
 3  3 3
 
 x2  x3
It  x  
 1 ln x   x  C.
 3  9
 

53) Submitting to calculate:

 ln x  6 dx.
2

Integration is performed by parts:


 ln x  6 dx 3
2

 f x  g x  dx  f x g x    f x  g x  dx 4


By identifying the relations (3) and (4) results:
f x   ln 2 x  6


f x   ln x  6
2
 ;

71
Indefinite integral

u   n
n
n u n 1

f  x   2ln  x  6  ln  x  6 
2 1


ln v   v ;
v

ln x  6  x  6
x  6
ln x  6  1
x6
f  x   ln  x  6 
2
x6
g  x  dx  dx , int egrates ;

 g  x  dx   dx ; g  x   x
2x
 ln  x  6 dx  x ln  x  6   ln x  6 dx
2 2
x6
x
I t  x ln 2  x  6  2 ln x  6dx
x6
xdx
 ln x  6
x6
We apply integration by parts:
 f x  g x dx  f x  g x    f x  g x  dx

 x  6
f  x   ln  x  6  ; f  x   ln  x  6  
x6
f  x  
1
x6
g  x  dx 
xdx
; int egrates .
x6
x  6  6
 g x  dx   x  6   x  6 dx
xdx

72
Indefinite integral

g x    dx  6  x  6 ln x  6
dx
x6
dx
 x6
To switch the variable t
x  6  t , differentiate :
d  x  6   dt ;
x  6 dx  dt
dx  dt
dx dt
 x6   t
 ln t  ln x  6  C1

 xdx 
 ln x  6  x  6   x  6 ln x  6ln x  6 
  x  6 ln  x  6
dx
.
x6
x  6 ln x  6  xdx ln x  6 
 dx    6 dx 
x6 x6 x6

x  6  6 dx  6 lnx  6 dx.

x6 x6
x  6 ln x  6 
 6  ln  x  6 
dx dx
 x6
dx   dx  6 
x6 x6

 x  6 ln  x  6   6  ln  x  6 
dx
.
x6

 ln x  6 x  6
dx

 f x  g x  dx  f  x g  x    f  x g x dx
f  x   ln  x  6  ;

 x  6
f  x   ln  x  6  ;
x6

73
Indefinite integral

f  x  
1
x6
g  x  dx 
dx
x6

 g x  dx   x  6 ;
dx

g  x   ln  x  6 

 ln x  6  ln 2  x  6    ln  x  6 
dx dx
.
x6 x6
2  ln  x  6   ln 2  x  6   C.
dx
x6
ln x  6  1
 dx  ln 2  x  6   C1.
x6 2
x  6 ln x  6 1
 dx  x  6 ln x  6  6  ln 2  x  6  C2 .
x6 2
x  6 ln x  6
 dx  x  6 ln x  6  3 ln 2  x  6  C2 .
x6
I t  ( x  6) ln 2 ( x  6)  2( x  6) ln( x  6)  2 x  C .

54) Submitting to calculate:


 x  2 lnx  8 dx  I t .
2

Use the formula of integration by parts:


 f  x g  x  dx  f  x g  x    f  x g  x  dx.
f  x   ln x  8 ;

  x  8
f  x   ln x  8 
x8
1
f  x   .
x8
g  x  dx   x  22 dx.

74
Indefinite integral

Integrates
 g  x  dx    x  2  dx.
2

g  x     x  2 2 dx.
Variable is changing:
x  2  t ; differentiate :
d  x  2   dt ; x  2 d .x  dt ; dx  dt .

2 t 3  x  2 3
g   t dt   .
3 3

g x  
 x  2 3
.
3
It 
x  2 3
ln x 8  
x  23  1
dx.
3 3 x8

It 
 x  2
3
1 x  2
ln x 8  
3
dx.
3 3 ( x  8)
x  23
 x  8 dx.
a  b3  a3  3a 2b  3ab2  b3 , short formula.
a  b 3  a  b 2 a  b   a  b  a 2  2ab  b 2  
 a 3  2a 2 b  ab 2  b a 2  2ab 2  b 3  a 3  3a 2 b  3ab 2  b 3 .
a  b 3  a 3  3a 2 b  3ab 2  b 3
x  23  x 3  3  x 2  2  3x  2 2  2 3  x 3  6 x 2  12 x  8.
x  23  x 3  6 x 2  12 x  8
x8 x8

x  6 x  12 x  8   x  8 x 2  2 x  28  216
3 2

x  2 3

 x  8 x 2

 2 x  28  216
 x 2  2 x  28 
216
.
x8 x8 x8

75
Indefinite integral

x  23 dx   2 216 
   x  2 x  28  dx 
x8  x  8
216 dx
  x 2 dx  2 xdx  28 dx   
1 x8
x3 x2
 2  28x  216 ln x  8  C1
3 2
x  23 dx  x 3  x 2  28 x  216 ln
 x8 3
x  8  C1

It 
 x  2
3
1  x3 
ln( x  8)    x 2  28 x  216 ln x  8  C 2 
3 3 3 

It 
x  23 ln( x  8)  x 3  x 2 
28 x
 72 ln x  8  C3 .
3 9 3 3
55) Submitting to calculate integral:
I =  x  6 e x2 dx
We apply integration by parts formula:
 f  x  g x  dx  fg   f gdx.
f x   x  6 ;
f  x    x  6  1
g  x  dx  e  x  2 dx ;
 x  2 dx
 g  x  dx   e
g  x    e  x  2 dx.
Variable is changing:
x2t
d x  2  dt
x  2 dx  dt
dx  dt.

76
Indefinite integral

g x    e  x  2  dx   e t dt  e t  e  x  2 
g x   e  x  2 
I t  x  6 e  x  2   e x  2 .  C
I t   x  6  e  x  2    e  x  2   C.

56) Submitting to calculate:


 ln x  1 dx.
n

I n   ln n x  1 dx.
 fg x  dx  fg   f g x  dx.
f  x   ln n  x  1 ;


f  x   ln n x  1 
n 


f  x   n ln  x  1 ln x  1n1

ln x  1   x  1


1
x 1 x 1
f  x  
n
ln x  1n1
x 1
g  x  dx  dx ;

 g x  dx   dx
g  x   x.

 ln x  1 dx  x ln x  1   x  x  1 ln x  1
n n n n 1
dx
n 1
I n  x ln  x  1  n  ln  x  1 dx 
n x
x 1
 x ln n x  1  n 
x  1  1 ln n1 x  1dx.
x 1
n 1 ln n 1  x  1 dx
I n  x ln n  x  1  n  ln x  1 dx  n  .
x 1

77
Indefinite integral

ln n1 ( x  1) ln n ( x  1)
 x 1 dx 
n
 C1

I n  ( x  1) ln n ( x  1)  nI n1  C ; recurrence relation.

57) Submitting to calculate:


1
4 
 1  1 dx x 1 2
I=   x 3  3
 dx   x dx     x dx 
 2 x 2 x 4 2
1
 1
2
x4 1 x
   .
4 2  1 1
2
1
4 2
x 1 x x4
It      x C
4 2 1 4
2
4
x
It   x C
4
58) Submitting to calculate:
3
  3
 x 1  x dx   x dx   x
3 3 3
x dx
1 1 10
3
3 3 3
x3 3 x  x3  x x x
10 13
10 1
3 3
33 3 x x 3 3 13
x x dx   x dx    x C
10 13 13
1
3 3
x 4 3 3 13
It   x  C.
4 13

78
Indefinite integral

59) Submitting to calculate:


 1  6 x 2 dx.
12
x
a  b2  a 2  2ab  b 2 .
a  b2  a  b a  b  a 2  ab  ba  b 2
a  b2  a 2  2ab  b2 .
1 x   1 2 x   x 
6
2
6 6
2

 x  x  x  x  x
2 1
2 2 6 3
6 6 3

1 x   1 2 x  x
1 1
2 6 3
6

1 x   1 2 x  x 
1 1 1 1
2 6 3 6 3
6
1 x x
12 1 1 2 1  1 
x 12 12 12 12
x x x x
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
   

x 2 x x x 2 x  x 
12 6 12 3 12 12 12 12

1 1 1

x 2 x  x .
12 12 4

1 6
x  2
  12
1 1

1

    x  2  x  dx 
12 4

12
x
x  
1 1 1
 1 1 1
12 12 4
x x x
 2   C.
1 1 1
 1 1 1
12 12 4
60) Submitting to calculate:

79
Indefinite integral

 sin ax sin cx dx.


cos       cos     
sin  sin  
2
cos  ax  cx   cos  ax  cx 
sin ax sin cx  
2
cos x  a  c  cos x  a  c 
  .
2 2
I t   cos x  a  c  dx   cos x  a  c  dx.
1 1
2 2
 cos x  a  c  dx.
Variable is changing:
x  a  c  t ;
d  x  a  c    dt
 x  a  c   dx  dt
 a  c  dx  dt.
dt
dx  .
ac
dt 1 sin t
 cos x  a  c  dx   cos t   cos t dt  
ac ac ac
sin x  a  c 
 .
ac
 cos x  a  c  dx .
Variable is changing:
x  a  c  n
d x  a  c   dn
x  a  c  dx  dn ;
 a  c  dx  dn.

80
Indefinite integral

dn
dx 
ac

 cos  a  c  dx   cos n  a  c  a  c  cos dn  a  c 


dn 1 sin n

sin x  a  c 
.
ac
sin x  a  c 
sin x  a  c  
1
It   C.
2 ac  2 a  c 
61) Submitting to calculate:
 cos ax cos cx dx.
cos       cos     
cos  cos  
2
1 1
 cos ax cos cx dx   cos x  a  c  dx   cos x  a  c  dx.
2 2
1 sin x  a  c  1 sin x  a  c 
It    C.
2 ac 2 ac

62) Submitting to calculate:


 sin ax cos cx dx.
sin       sin     
sin  cos  
2
sin  ax  cx   sin  ax  cx 
 sin ax cos cx  
2
1 1
 sin x  a  c   sin x  a  c .
2 2
1 1
It   sin x  a  c  dx   sin x  a  c  dx.
2 2
 sin x  a  c  dx.
Variable is changing:

81
Indefinite integral

x  a  c  v ;
d  x  a  c    dv.

d  x  a  c   dx  dv ;
 a  c  dx  dv.
dv
dx  ;
ac

 sin x  a  c  dx   sin v a  c   a  c
dv cos v

cos x  a  c 
 sin x  a  c  dx   ac
 C1

 sin x  a  c  dx.
Variable is changing:
x  a  c   t; d  x  a  c    dt ;
 x  a  c   dx  dt ;
 a  c  dx  dt ;
dt
dx  ;
ac
cos x  a  c 
 sin x  a  c  dx   sin t a  c   a  c cos t  
dt 1

ac
 C2 .
cos x  a  c 
cos x  a  c  
1
It    C3 .
2 ac  2 ac 

63) Submitting to calculate:


sin x dx

cos4 x
Variable is changing:
cos x  t.
d  cos x   dt ;

82
Indefinite integral

 cos x  dx  dt ;
 sin x dx  dt ;
sin x dx  dt t 41 t 3 1
 cos 4 x  t 4 
4
 1   t dt      3  C.
 4 1 3 3t
1
It   C.
3  cos x 
3

64) Submitting to calculate:


3
 sin x 
 tg x dx     dx ;
3

 cos x 
sin x
tg x  ;
cos x
3
 sin x 
I t     
 dx .; sin 3 x  sin 2 x  sin x  1  cos 2 x sin x.
 cos x 
sin x  cos 2 x  1; sin 2 x  1  cos 2 x
2

 
sin 3 x  1  cos 2 x sin x.

tg 3 x
 1  cos x  sin x
2

cos 3 x

It  
 1  cos 2 x  sin x dx.
cos 3 x
Function is changing: cos x = n ,
d  cos x   dn ;
 cos x  dx   dn .
 sin x dx  dn ;
sin x dx   dn ;
1 n2 n2 1  n2 1 
It     dn    n 3  dn   3  3   dn 
n3  n n 
dn dn n 31 1

n 
  ln n   ln n  
n 3
 3 1 2 n2

83
Indefinite integral

1
 ln cos x   C.
2 cos 2 x
1
I t  ln cos x   C.
2 cos 2 x
Method II
3
 tg x  dx.
To switch:
tg x  t.
arc tg  tg x   arc tg t ;
x  arc tg t ;
dx  d  arc tg t    arc tg t  dt.
1
dx  dt .
1 t2
dt
 tg x dx   t 3
3
.
t 1
2


t3  t2 1 t  t 
t 3

t
1 t  t t t2 1

2
  2
t t 2
 t
.
t 1
2
t 1
2
t 1
2
t 1 t 1
dt  t  t
 t t 2  1    t  t 2  1  dt   t dt   t 2  1 dt.
3

t2 t dt
It    2 .
2 t 1
t 1  q
2


d t 2  1  dq ; 


t 2  1 dt  dq 
2 t dt  dq ;
dq
t dt  .
2

84
Indefinite integral

dq
t dt 1 dq 1 1
 t 1 q
2
 2    ln q  ln t 2  1 .
2 q 2 2
t2 1
It   ln t 2  1  C.
2 2
t  tg x.
tg 2 x 1
It   ln tg 2 x  1  C.
2 2

65) Submitting to calculate:


dx x
   ctg dx.
x 7
tg
7
1 x
 ctg
x 7
tg
7
To switch:
x
 n.
7
x  7n ;
dx  d  7 n    7n  dn.
dx  7dn.
x cos n
 ctg 7 dx   7ctg n dn  7  sin n dn.
sin n  v .
d  sin n   dv ;
 sin n  dn  dv ;
cos n dn  dv .
dv
It  7   7 ln v  7 ln sin n
v

85
Indefinite integral

x
but , n
7
x
I t  7 ln sin  C.
7

66) Submitting to calculate:


x 2 dx
 .
2
1 x
Variable is changing:
x  sin t ;
dx  d  sin t    sin t  dt .
dx  cos t dt .
x 2 dx sin t 2  cos tdt
 1 x2

1  sin 2 t
1  sin 2 t  cos 2 t
1  sin 2 t  cos 2 t  cos t
cos t dt
I t   sin 2 t    sin 2 t dt
cos t
1  cos 2t
sin 2 t 
2
1  cos 2t 1 1
It   dt   dt   cos 2t dt
2 2 2
1 1 sin 2t
It  t  C
2 2 2
dq 1 1
 cos 2t dt   (cos q)  2  2 sin q  2 sin 2t
2t  q.
d 2t   q ;
2t  dt  dq ;
86
Indefinite integral

2dt  dq ;
dq
dt  .
2
x  sin t .
arcsin x  arcsin sin t  t .
t  arcsin x
arcsin x 1
It   sin  2 arcsin x   C.
2 4
Note:
 2 
 f  ax  bx  c , x  dx .
 
If I
If: ax 2  bx  c  0
x1 , x2 real, variable changes:
ax 2  bx  c  t  x  x1  , or t  x  x2 
Case II
If: a  0 ,
Variable is changing:
ax 2  bx  c  x a  t .
Case III
If: c  0 ,
Variable is changing:
ax 2  bx  c  t x  c .
Changing the variable to integrate rational functions.

Method II

87
Indefinite integral

x 2 dx
 .
2
1 x
Variable is changing:
1  x2  t x  1
Because: c  1 0 .
1  x 2  t x  1 relation (1)
Amounts to square relationship (1):
 1 x2  t x 1 
2 2

1 x2  t 2 x2  2 t x 1.
 x2  t 2 x2  2 t x : x
 x  t2x  2 t .
 2 t  x (t 2  1)
2t
x 2 , differentiate :
t 1

 2t   2t 
dxd 2  2  d t.
 t 1   t 1 

 t 
d x  2  2  dt .
 t 1 

 2

 t  t t  1  t t  1
 
2
 2

  t 2

1  2t 2

1 t2
.
 t 1  t2 1
2
  t 2
1 
2
t 2
1 
2

dx2
t 2
1  dt .
t 2
1
2

1 x 2
 t x 1 t
 2t 
1
 2 t2  t2 1 1 t2
 .
t2 1 t2 1 t2 1

88
Indefinite integral

2 1 t2
1 x  .
t2 1
 2t  2
x2   2 
 t 1 
4 t2
x2  .

t2 1
2

4 t2


2 t 2 1  dt
x2d x t 2
1  t
2 2
1 
2

 1 x2

1 t
. 2

t2 1

It  8 

t 2 t 2 1 t 2 1 t2 
 
t2 1
4

1 t2
dt   8  t2 1  
3
dt .

 t  1 1
2
I t  8   t  1  dt. 2 3

dt dt
It   8  8
t 2
1  2
t 2
1 
3

It   8 I2  8 I3 .
dt
I2   ;
t 2
1 
2

dt
I3  
t 
;
2 3
1
dt 1
I1    arctg t  C1 ; I1   dt .
t 1
2
t 1
2

 f  t  g  t  dt  fg   f  t  g  t  dt.;  t 
1
; f
t 1 2

 
 1
f   t    2

 ; f  t 

1 t 2  1  1  t 2  1

   2t
.
 t 1  t2 1
2
  t 2
1 
2

89
Indefinite integral

ft   2t
.
t 2
1  2

g   t  dt  dt ; int egrates :

 g   t  dt  dt ; g  t t .

I1  
1
dt  2
t

t
  2t  dt .
t 12
t 1 t 1
2
 
2

t t2 t 
t 2 1 1 
t2 1  t2 1  t 2  1 2 dt .
I1   dt  
2
  t2 1
2
 
t dt dt
I1   2 2 2  .
t 12
t 1 t 1
2 2
 
dt t
2  2 arctg t  2  arctg t .
 t2 1
2
 t 1
t arctg t t dt
2 I 2  arctg t  .; I 2    C 2 .; I 3  
t 12
2 2 t 1
2

t 1
2   
3
.

I3 is obtained by integrating I 2 . by parts


dt 1 t
I2    arctg t 
 t 1
2
 2
2 2 t 1
2
  C .2

dt 1
I2   
 t 1
2
 2
t 1
2 2

dt .


 f  t  g  t  dt  f g   f  g dt

f t 
1
 t 1
2
 2
;

f  t   t 2  1 
2 
  ;

 
u n  n u  u n 1 ;

90
Indefinite integral

f  t   2 t 2  1    t 2
1 
 2 1

  2  2 t t2 1 
3
.
4t
f  t  
t 2
1 
3

g  t  dt  dt .

 g  t  dt   dt .
g  t t .
dt t t2
I2    4
 t 1
2
 2
 t 1
2
 2
t 2
1 
3
dt .

I2  2
t
4
 t  1   1  dt. 2


t 1  2
 t 1  2 3

t dt dt
I2  4 4
 t 12
 2
 t 1
2
 2
 t 1
2
 3
.

t
4 I3  4 I2  I2 
 t 12
 2
.

3 t
I3  I2 
4  t 1  2
2
.
4
3  arc tg t t  t
I3    
2  t  1  4  t  1  2
.
4 2 2 2

3 3 t t
I 3  arc tg t  
8 t 1 4  t  1  2
2 2
.
8
I t  8 I 2  8 I 3 .
 arc tg t t 
It   8   
 2 2  t  1 
2

 3 arc tg t 3 t t 
8     C.
8 2 8 t 1 4  t  1  
2 2 2 

1 x2  t x 1
t x 1  x 2  1.

91
Indefinite integral
.
1 x2 1
t .
x
Method III
x 2 dx
 .
2
1 x
1  x2  0 ;
x2  1  0 ;
 x  1  x  1   0 ;
x  1 0 ;
x1  1 ;
x 1  0 ;
x 2  1 ; var iable is changing
1  x 2  t  x  x1 , or t  x  x 2 .
1  x 2  t  x  1  is square :

 1 x2    t  x 1   ; 1 x
2
2 2
 t2  x  1 2
  x 1   x 1   t 2  x  1 2  /  x  1
  x 1   t2  x 1 
 x 1  t x  t 2 ; t 2 1  x t 2 1
2
 
t 1
2
x
t2 1

 t 2 1   t 2 1 
dx  d  2    2  dt .
 t 1   t 1 

 t 2 1 
 2  
 
2 t t 2 1  2 t t 2 1   
 t 1  
t 2 1
2

92
Indefinite integral



2 t t2 1 t2 1  4t
t  t 
.
2 2 2 2
1 1

4t
dx 
 t 2  1  2 dt.
1  x2  t  x  1 
t2 1
x
t2 1
 t2 1  t2 1 t2 1  2 t
 
2
1 x  t   1  t  .
2 2 2
 t  1  t 1 t 1
2t
1  x2  .
2
t 1
 2
2  t 1  2
 t2 1 2  
x 
 t2 1 
 

t2 1 2  
t 2
1  2
4t
dt
x 2 dx t 2
1   t
2 2
1 
2

 1 x2

2t

t 2 1
t2 1

  t 2 1 
2 4t
 dt 
t 2
1 
4
2t

 2 
 t 1  2 2

d t.
 t 1  2 3

93
Indefinite integral

It  2 
 t2 1  d t
2

t 1 
.
2 3

 t 2  1 3  A t  B  C t  E  G t  N .
 t 2  1 3 t 2  1 t 2  1 2 t 2  1 3
This method leads to a complex calculation, by identification the
constants are located: A, B, C, E, G and N.

67) Submitting to calculate:


 arc tg  x  1  d x

fg dx  f g   f  g dx.
f  x   arctg  x  1 ;

f  x    arctg  x  1  ;

f  x  
 x  1   1
 2
1
.
1  x 1  2
1  x 1  2
x  2x  2
g  x   dx ;

 g  x    dx
g  x   x.

 arc tg  x  1  d x  x arctg  x  1   x
x
dx.
2
 2x  2
I t  x arctg  x  1  
x dx
.
x  2x  2
2

x dx
x 2
 2x  2
.

To switch:

94
Indefinite integral


x 2  2 x  2  t d x 2  2 x  2  dt . 

 
x 2  2 x  2 dx  dt ;
2 x  2 dx  dt
2  x  1  dx  dt .
x dx 1 2 x dx 1 2 x  2   2
x 2
  2   2
 2x  2 2 x  2x  2 2 x  2x  2
dx 

1 2 x  2  dx dx 1 dt dx
  2  2    2
2 x  2x  2 x  2x  2 2 t x  2x  2
x dx 1 dx
 x 2  2 x  2  2 ln t   x 2  2 x  2
x dx 1 dx
 x 2  2 x  2  2 ln x  2 x  2   x 2  2 x  2
2

x 2  2 x  2   x  1   1.
2

dx dx
 x 2  2 x  2    x  1 2  1
x 1  n ; d  x  1   dn.
 x  1   dx  dn ; dx  dn .
 arctgn  arctg  x  1 .
dx dn
 x  1  2
1

1 n2

 ln x 2  2 x  2  arctg  x  1 
x dx 1
x 2
 2x  2 2
I t  x arctg  x  1   ln x 2  2 x  2  arctg  x  1   C.
1
2

68) Submitting to calculate:


6 x dx x dx x dx
  6  6
1 x4 1 x4 1 x2   4

to switch the var iable :


x 2  t.

95
Indefinite integral

 
d x 2  dt ;

 
x 2 dx  dt ;
2 x dx  dt ;
dt
x dx  .
2
dt
dt
I t  6 2  3 .
1 t2 1 t2
to switch the var iable :
t  sin n.

dt  d  sin n    sin n  dn.
dt  cos n dn.
1 t2  1  sin 2 n  cos 2 n  cos n.
cos n dn
I t  3  3 dn  3n  C.
cos n
t  sin n.; arcsin t  arcsin sin n  n; n  arcsin t.; I t  3 arcsin t  C.
x 2  t.; I t  3 arcsin x 2  C.

69) Submitting to calculate:


e
dx
 
; to switch the var iable : e x  1  t.; d e x  1  dt ;
x
1

 
e x  1 dx  dt ; e x dx  dt e x  1  t ; e x  t  1. e x dx  dt

 t  1 dx  dt ; dx 
dt
.
t 1
dt
dx t 1 dt
 e x  1   t   t t  1 

96
Indefinite integral

1 A
 
B
1
t t  1  t t  1
fraction made breaks down int o simple fractions :
1 A t  1   B t

t t  1  t t  1 
matching the counter :
1  A t  1   B t ;  t  C 2
common deno min ator : t t  1   0
with solutions : t1  0 ; t 2  1,
putting in the relationsh ip : 2  t  0 ;
is obtained :
1  A 0 1   B  0
1 A A  1.
putting in the relation 2  : t  1 ;
is obtained :
1  A 0  B
B  1
1 1 1
so :  
t t  1  t t  1
dt 1 dt  t 
   dt    ln t  ln t  1  ln C
t t 1 t t 1  t  1
dt
 t 1
t 1  n
d  t  1   dn ;
 t  1  dt  dn.
dt  dn.
dt dn
 t 1   n
 ln n  ln t  1

97
Indefinite integral

t
I t  ln  C.
t 1
t  e x 1
e x 1
I t  ln C
e x 1 1
e x 1
I t  ln  C.
ex

70) Submitting to calculate:


e x dx e x dx
 14  14  .,
e2x  8 e 
x 2
8
to switch the var iable t :
ex  t ;
 
d e x  dt .

 
e x dx  dt .
e x dx  dt .
dt
I t  14  .
t2 8
dt
I t  14  .
t2 8
a  1  0.
to switch the var iable t :
t 2  8  t 1  q.
q , is the new var iable.
amounted to square both sides : .

 t2 8   t  q  .
2
2

98
Indefinite integral

t 2  8  t 2  2t q  q2.
2 t q  8  q 2

t
q 8
2

2q
 1   q 8 
2
t    
 2  q 

 1 q 8  1  q2  8 
2
dt  d        dq.
 2 q  2 q 

 q2  8 
  
2q  q  q 2  8


q2  8 
 q  q2 q2
1 q2  8
dt   dq.
2 q2
q2  8 q2  8
t2 8  t  q  q  
2q 2q
1 q2  8
  dq
2 q2 q2  8 2q
I t  14   7   2 dq 
q 8
2
q 2
q 8
2q
dq
 14   14 ln q  14 ln t2 8 t 
q
1
 14 ln t2 8 t  C.

t2 8  t
I t  14 ln
 t2 8 t  t2 8  t  C
t  t2 8
I t  14 ln 2 C

t 8t2 
I t  14 ln t  t 2  8  14 ln 8  C

99
Indefinite integral

I t  14 ln t  t 2  8  C1

dar t  ex.
I t  14 ln e x  e 2 x  8  C1.

71) Submitting to calculate:


x2
 x 2  6 dx.
x2 x2  6
 x2  6 1
6, is rest

x 2  1. x 2  6  6 
x2


1. x 2  6  6 x 2  6
 2
  2
6
x 6
2
x 6
2
x 6 x 6
2
x 6
 1 2 .
x 6
2
x 6
x2 dx
 x 2  6 dx   1  dx  6 x 2  6
1 x 6
It  x  6  ln  C.
2 6 x 6
dx 1 xa
I1    ln  C.
x a 2 2
2a xa
1 A B
  .
x a
2 2
xa xa
1  A  x  a   B  x  a   x  C ; relation (1)
x 2  a 2  0  x1,2   a.
For xa in relation ( 1 ) will result:

100
Indefinite integral

1 A a  a  B 0
1 2 a A
1
A
2a
Pt. x   a in relation ( 1 ) will result :
1  A0  B   a  a 
1  2 a B
1
B
2a
1 1 1
 
x a
2 2
2a  x  a  2a  x  a 
dx 1 dx 1 dx
 x 2  a 2  2a  x  a  2a  x  a
dx
 xa
x  a  t ; d  x  a   dt ;
 x  a  dx  dt ; dx  dt.
dx dt
 xa   t
 ln t  ln x  a  C 2 .

dx
La fel :   ln x  a  C1 .
xa
dx 1 1 1 xa
 x 2  a 2  2a ln x  a  2a ln x  a  2a ln x  a  C.
dx dx 1 x 6
 2   ln  C4 .
x 6 2
x  6  
2 2 6 x  6
72) Submitting to calculate:
1  ln x
10
dx
 x dx   1  ln x x .
10

101
Indefinite integral

var iable is changing :


1  ln x  t ;
d  1  ln x   dt ;
 1  ln x  dx  dt ;
1
dx  dt .
x
1 11
1
10 10
t t
It   t dt  
10
.
1 11
1
10 10
11
10 10
It  t  C.
11
t  1  ln x
11
10
It  (1  ln x )  C.
10
11

73) Submitting to calculate:


dx

ex  6
To switch:
ex  6  t 2 ;
e t 6 ;
x 2


d e x  6  dt 2 ; 
 
 
e x  6 dx  t 2 dt ;  
e dx  2 t dt.
x

102
Indefinite integral

2t 2t
dx  dt  2 dt .
e x
t 6
2t
dx  2 dt .
t 6
2 t dt
dx t2  6  2 t 1 dt
 ex  6  t 2
  t 2  6  t dt  2 t 2  6 
dt 1 t 6
2  2  C.
 6
ln
t 6
2
t2  2 6

1 t 6
It  ln  C.
6 t 6
ex  6  t 2 ;
t ex  6 ;

1 ex  6  6
It  ln  C.
6 ex  6  6

74) Submitting to calculate:


dx
 x 16  ln x  , 2
submitting to solve :

to switch :
ln x  t.
d ln x   dt ;
ln x  dx  dt ;
1
dx  dt .
x
dx 1 dx 1 dt
 x 16  ln 2 x   16  ln 2 x x   16  t 2 dt   t 2  16 
 

103
Indefinite integral

dt 1 t 4
 1  ln  C.
t 4
2 2
24 t4
t  ln x.
1 ln x  4
I t   ln  C.
8 ln x  4

75) Submitting to calculate:


dx
 .
1  3 cos2 x
tgx
sin x  ;
2
 1  tg x
1
cos x  ;
2
 1  tg x
2
 
1  3 cos 2 x  1  3    1
1 3
.
 1  tg 2 x  1  tg 2 x
 
1  tg x  3 tg x  4
2 2
1  3 cos 2 x   2
1  tg 2 x tg x  1
dx 1
 1  3 cos 2 x   tg 2 x  4 dx
tg 2 x  1
1  tg 2 x
It   2 dx
tg x  4
1  tg 2 x
It   dx.
4  tg 2 x
Variable is changing:
tgx  t.
arc tg x  arc tg t.

104
Indefinite integral

x  arc tg t.

dx  d  arc tg t    arc tg t  dt .
1
dx  dt .
1 t2
tg x  t.
1  tg 2 x 1 t2 dt
 4  tg 2 x dx   4  t 2  t 2  1 .
dt 1 t
It   2  arctg  C.
t 2 2
2 2
dx 1 x
 x 2  a 2  a arctg a  C.

 x 1
  
 x    
a a a
 arctg    2 .
 a  x
2
a x
2 2
a  x2
1  
a a2

1 x 1 a 1
 arctg    2  2 .
a a a a x 2
a  x2
1  tgx 
I t  arctg    C.
2  2 

76) Submitting to calculate:


xdx 1 xdx
   .
3 sin x 2 3 sin x 2
Variable is changing:
 
x 2  t.; d x 2  dt .

 
x 2 dx  dt ;
2 xdx  dt .;
dt
xdx  .
2

105
Indefinite integral

dt
1 xdx 1 1 dt 1 dt
It   2
  2     .
3 sin x 3 sin t 6 sin t 6 t
2tg
2
t
1  tg 2
2
t t t
2tg 1  tg 2 1  tg 2
2 .; I  1

sin t  2 ; cos t  2 dt .
t
2 t t 12 t
1  tg 1  tg 2 tg
2 2 2
Variable is changing:
t
tg  n.
2
t
arc tg  arc tg n.
2
t
 arc tg n;
2
t  2 arc tg n.
dt  d 2 arc tg n   2 arc tg n  dn.
2 1 2 (1  n 2 )
12  1  n 2
dt  dn.; I  . dn
1 n2
t
n
1 dn 1
It    ln n  C.
6 n 6
t 1   x2  
n  tg ; I t  ln  tg     C.
2 6   2  

77) Submitting to calculate:


6x x dx
 dx  6  , var iable is changing: x 2  t ;
1  4x 4
1 4 x 2 2


    dt
d x 2  dt ; x 2 dx  dt ;2 x dx  dt ; x dx  .
2

106
Indefinite integral

dt
2 dt
It  6  3 .
2 2
1  4t 1  4t
dt
It  3  .
1  2 t 
2

var iable is changing :


2t n ;
d  2 t   dn ;
 2 t  d t  dn ;
2 d t  dn ;
dn
dt  .
2
dn
 arcsin n  arcsin  2 t   C.
3 3
It  3  2
1 n2 2 2
t  x2 .

It 
3
2

arcsin 2 x 2  C. 

78) Submitting to calculate:


sin 2 x dx 2 sin x cos x dx
 1  cos x
4
.; sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x ; I t  
1  cos 4 x
.

Variable is changing : cos 2 x  t ;


d  cos 2 x   dt .

 cos 2 x  dx  dt .
 
 cos 2 x    cos x 2   2  cos x  cos x  2 sin x cos x.
 2 sin x cos xdx  dt .

107
Indefinite integral

2 sin x cos xdx   dt .


cos 2 x  t.
 dt
It  
2 sin x cos xdx
  
 arc cos t  arc cos cos 2 x  C.
1   cos x  1 t
2 2

t  cos 2 x .

79) Submitting to calculate:


1
 x x2  7
dx

 a  b   a  b   a2  b2.
x x2  7  x  x2  7  xx x2  7 
x2  7



x2  x2  7  7
x x 7
2
x x2  7
dx dx
 x x2  7

7
.

x  x2  7
xx2  7
dx    xdx   x 2  7 dx  .
1
It 
7 7  
1  x2 
It     x 2  7 dx .
7  2 

I1   x 2  7 dx .
Variable is changing:
x 2  7  x 1  t.
Is square:

108
Indefinite integral

2
 x  7    x  t 2 .
2

 
x2  7  x2  2 t x  t 2 ;
2 t x  7  t 2 ;
 t2  7 
x   .
 2t 
 
 
  t2  7   1  t2  7 
dx  d         dt.
     
2 t   2  t 



 t 2  7  2t  t  t 2  7
   
t2  7
.

 t  2 2
  t t
1  t 2  7 
dx    d t.
2  t 

x2  7  x  t  t 
t 2
7 

t2  7
.
2t 2t

.I 1   x  7 .dx  
t 2  7   1  t 2  7  1 t 2  7 
2

4  t3
2
[  2 ]dt  dt
2t  2  t 
1 t 2 49
I1  [  14 ln t  2 ]  C
4 2 2t
x 2  7  x  t; t  x 2  7  x

I1 
1
 2
 7

x 2  7  x  ln x 2  7  x 
49
 C1
8 2 8 x 7  x
2
2
 
2
x 1
It   I1
14 7

109
Indefinite integral

1 1
It  [ x 2 7
 7  x  ln x 7  x   49
]
x2
C
 
2 2
2
7 8 2 8 x2  7  x 14

80) Submitting to calculate:


125 dx x dx 1 x2
 x x4  x2 1
 125 
x2 x  x 1
4 2 x

x
.;
.

x dx
I t  125  .; var iable is changing :
x2 x4  x2 1

x 2  t ; d  x 2   dt ;  x 2  dx  dt ;2 x dx  dt ; x dx 
dt
;
2
dt
125 dt
I t  125  2 .; I t   .
t t  t 1
2 2 t t  t 1
2

var iable is changing :


t 2  t  1   t  n  .; t 2  t  1  t 2  2 t n  n 2 .
2

1 n  t  2 n 1  .
2

1 n2
t ;
2n 1
 1 n2 
dt  d   .
 2 n 1

 1 n2 
dt    dn .
 2 n 1

 1 n2 
  
 2n  2 n  1  2 1  n 2 


 2 n 1  2 n  1 2
2

2n 2  n  1  n 2

 2
n2  n 1 . 
 2n 1 2
 2n 1  2

110
Indefinite integral

2
dt  n 2
 n  1 dn .
 2 n  1 2
1 n2
t .
2n 1
1 n2 n2  n 1
t2  t 1  t  n  n .
2n 1 2n 1
n2  n 1
t  t 1 
2
.
2n 1

125
2
 2n  1 2
 n 2  n  1 dn
It   .
2 2
2 1 n n  n 1

2n  1  2n  1 
n2  n  1  2n  1 2
I t  125 
 2n  1 2

1  n2  n2  n  1 dn .
dn 125 n 1
I t  125  ln  C.
2
n 1 2 n  1

t2  t 1  t  n .

n t2  t 1  t .

125 t2  t 1  t 1
It  ln C.
2 2
t  t 1  t 1
t  x2 .

125 x4  x2  1  x2  1
It  ln C.
2 4
x  x 1  x 12 2

111
Indefinite integral

81) Submitting to calculate:


x6
 3 dx
x x
 
x3  x  x x 2  1  x  x  1   x  1 
a 2  b 2  a  b a  b 
x 2  1  x  1   x  1 
x6
It   dx .
x  x 1  x 1
x6 A B C
   1 .
x  x 1  x 1 x x 1 x 1
The composed fraction breaks down into simple fractions:
x6

x  x 1   x 1 
A  x  1   x  1   Bx  x  1   Cx  x  1 
 .
x  x 1   x 1 
mathching the counter :
x  6  A  x  1   x  1   Bx  x  1   Cx  x  1   2 .
 X  C.
common deno min ator :
x  x  1   x  1   g  x .
Roots common deno min ator (th e int er sec tion of a function
with axis OX )
x  x 1   x 1   0 ;
x1  0 ; x 2  1 ; x3  1 ;
In relation (2) there is :
x 0;
06  A  0  1  0  1  ;

112
Indefinite integral

6   A ; A  6 .
In relation  2  replaces the var iable x with  1.
x  1.
 1  6  A  0  B  0  C  1  1 .
5
52C ; C  .
2
In relation  2  there is : x  1.
1  6  A  0  B1  1  1  C  0.
7  2 B.
7 7 5
B ; Deci : A   6 ; B  ; C .
2 2 2
x6 6 7 5
   .
x  x 1   x 1  x 2  x 1  2  x 1 
x6 dx 7 dx 5 dx
It   dx   6 
x 2  x 1 2  x  1.
 
x  x 1   x 1 
7 5
I t   6 ln x  ln x  1  ln x  1  C.
2 2
dx dt
 x  1   t  ln t  ln x  1  C.
x 1  t
d  x  1  dt
x  1 dx  dt
dx  dt .
dx
 x  1.
to switch
x 1  n
d  x  1   dn
 x  1  dx  dn
dx  dn.

113
Indefinite integral

dx dn
 x 1   n
 ln n  ln x  1  C.

82) Submitting to calculate:


4 dx dx
 x 3
1 
4
 x 1   x2  x 1 
.

a 3  b 3  a  b  a 2  ab  b 2 
x 3  1   x  1 x 2  x  1 
a3  b3 a  b
 a 3  a 2 b a  ab  b
2 2

a 2b  b 3
 a 2 b  ab 2
ab 2  b 3
 a 2b  b 3
/
1 A Bx  C
  2
x 1 x 1 x  x 1
3

1 A  x 2  x  1   Bx  C   x  1 

x3 1 x3 1
1  A  x 2  x  1   Bx  C   x  1  1 
 xC
x3 1  0 ;
 x  1   x 2  x  1  0
x1  1 ; x 2,3 are complex
If they do and put x=1 in the relationship (1), will be obtained:
 
1  A 12  1  1   B  C   0
1
1  3A ; A ;
3
pt . x  0 put in relation  1 .

114
Indefinite integral

1
1 2
3
 
0  0 1   B  0  C   0 1 

1 1 2
1   C ; C  1   .
3 3 3
x dx
I2   2 .
x  x 1
For x = -1 in equation (1), resulting : B = -1/3
1 1 1 x 2
   2
x  1 3x  1 3 x  x  1 3 x  x  1
3 2
 
1 1 1 x 2
I t  4 3 dx  4 [  
3x  1 3 x  x  1 3x  x  1
]dx
x 1 2 2

]dx  ln  x  1   2
1 1 x 2 4 4 xdx
I t  4 [   
3 x  1 3 x  x  1 3x  x  1
2 2
3 3 x  x 1
8 dx
  2
3 x  x 1

dx 2 2  1
I1    arctg  x    C1
x  x 1 2
3 3 2
xdx
I2   2
x  x 1
Variable is changing:
x2  x 1  n

d x 2  x  1  dn 

x 2  x  1 dx  dn 
 2 x  1  dx  dn
1 2 x dx 1 2 x  1  1
I2 
2  x  x 1 2
2
  2
x  x 1
dx 

1 2 x  1 dx  1 dx

2  
x  x 1 2 x  x 1
2 2
.

115
Indefinite integral

2 x  1 dx 
dn
But : 
x  x 12
n 
 ln n  ln x 2  x  1 .

1 1 2 2  1
I 2  ln x 2  x  1  arctg  x 
2 2 3 3 2
1 1 2  1
I2  ln x 2  x  1  arctg  x    C2 .
2 3 3  2
4 4 8
It  ln x  1  I 2  I 1
3 3 3
4 1 
It 
4
ln x  1   ln x 2  x  1  1
arctg
2 
 x
1
 
3 3  2 3 3 2 
8 2 2  1
 arctg  x    C.
3 3 3  2

83) Submitting to calculate:


dx
 2
x6 3 x6
var iable is changing : x  6  t 6
where 6  c.m.m.c.d between  2  and 3 indices sadicals .


 
d  x  6   dt 6 ;  x  6  dx  t 6 dt ; dx  6 t 5 dt .
6 t 5 dt t 5 dt t 5 dt t3
It   6 ; I  6  t 2  t  1   t  1 dt
 6
t3  t2
t
t6  t6
3

t 3 dt
It  6 
t  1

t   t 1  t 2  t 1 1
3

t3

 t  1  t 2  t  1 1  t 2  t  1  t  1  1
t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1
t3 1
 t 2  t  1
t 1 t 1

116
Indefinite integral

t3 t 1
 t3  t2 t2  t 1
t2
t2  t
t
 t 1
rest  1

 t3 
I t  6  
t  t  1 dt  6
2 dt
t 1
6 
t2
 t   6 ln t  1  C.
 3 2 
t  6 x  6; I t  2  6
x6  3 
3
6
x6 
2
6 6
x6 
 6 ln  6

x  6  1  C.

84) Submitting to calculate:


 100 dx  100 dx
 
1  sin x  cos x 1  sin x  cos x
x
1  cos x  2 cos 2
2
x x
sin x  2 cos sin
2 2
1  sin x  cos x   1  cos x   sin x 
x x x x  x x 
 2 cos 2  2 sin cos  2 cos  cos  sin .
2 2 2 2  2 2 
dx
I t  100 
x x x 
2 cos  cos  sin 
2 2 2 
dx
I t  50 
x x x
cos  cos  sin 
2 2 2

117
Indefinite integral

 x 1
cos 2  x
  1  tg 2
 2
 tg
x
 x 2
 sin 
 2 x
 1  tg 2
 2
 x 
 tg 
x  x x 1  1 2 
cos  cos  sin   

2  2 2 x x x
1  tg 2  1  tg 2 1  tg 2 
2  2 2
 x x
1  tg  1  tg

1  2
 2.
x x x
1  tg 2 1  tg 2 1  tg 2
2 2 2
x
1  tg 2
I t  50  2 dx.
x
1  tg
2
Variable is changing:
x
tg t
2
x
arctg tg  arctg t
2
x
 arctg t ; x  2 arc tg t.
2

dx  d  2 arc tg t    2 arc tg t  dt .
2
dx  dt .
1 t2
1  t 2 2 dt dt
I t  50    100   100 ln t  1  C.
1 t 1 t 2
1 t

118
Indefinite integral

x
t  tg .
2
x
I t  100 ln tg  1  C.
2

85) Submitting to calculate:


sin 2 x dx
 2
.
1  sin 2 x
sin 2 2 x  cos2 2 x  1
sin 2 2 x  1  cos2 2 x.
1  sin 2 2 x  1  1  cos2 2 x  2  cos2 2 x
sin 2 x dx
It   .
2   cos 2 x  2

Variable is changing:
cos 2 x  t
d  cos 2 x   dt
 cos 2 x  dx  dt
 cos n    n sin n
 cos 2 x     2 x  sin 2 x
 cos 2 x   2 sin 2 x
 2 sin 2 x dx  dt
dt
sin 2 x dx  
2
dt

It   2 1 dt
2t 2 
2 t 2
2

119
Indefinite integral

1 dt
It  
2 t2  2   2

dx 1 xa
  ln  C.
x2  a2 2a xa
1 1 t 2
It   ln  C ; t  cos 2 x .
2 2 2 t 2

1 cos 2 x  2
It  ln  C.
4 2 cos 2 x  2

86) Submitting to calculate:


dx
  sin x  cos x  2
.

tg x
sin x 
 1  tg 2 x
1
cos x 
 1  tg 2 x

sin x  cos x 
tg x

1

 tg x  1  .
1  tg x 2
1  tg x 2
1  tg 2 x

sin x  cos x  2

 tg x  1 2 
 tg x  1 
2

 
.
1  tg x 2
2
1  tg 2 x

dx 1  tg 2 x
It    dx .
 tg x  1 2  tg x  1 2
1  tg 2 x
var iable is changing :
tg x  t .

arctg tg x  arctg t .

120
Indefinite integral

x  arctg t

dx  d  arctg t    arctg t  dt .
1
dx  dt .
1 t2
1 t2 dt dt
It   
1  t  2
t 1
2
 t  1 2
Variable is changing :
t 1  n
d  t  1   dn
 t  1  dt  dn
dt  dn .
dn n 21 1 1 1
It     n 2
dn    ; It    C ,
n 2
 2 1 n t 1 tg x  1
t  tg x .

87) Submitting to calculate:


I t   cos3 x cos6 x cos8 x dx
cos       cos     
cos cos  
2
cos  8 x  6 x   cos  8 x  6 x 
cos8 x cos 6 x  
2
cos 2 x  cos14x
 .
2
cos 3x  cos 2 x  cos14 x  
1
cos 3x cos 6 x cos 8 x 
2

1
 cos 3x cos 2 x  cos14 x cos 3x .
2

121
Indefinite integral

cos 3 x cos 6 x cos 8 x 


1
 cos 3x cos 2 x  cos14 x cos 3x .
2
cos  3x  2 x   cos  3 x  2 x  cos x  cos 5 x
cos 3 x cos 2 x  
2 2
cos  14 x  3x   cos  14 x  3x 
cos14 x. cos 3x  
2
cos 11 x  cos 17 x
 .
2
1  cos x  cos 5 x cos11x  cos17 x 
cos 3 x cos 8 x cos 6 x    
2 2 2 
  cos x  cos 5 x  cos11x  cos17 x  .
1
4
I t    cos x  cos 5 x  cos11x  cos17 x  dx .
1
4
 cos a x dx .
ax  t
d  ax   dt
 ax  dx  dt
a dx  dt
dt
dx  .
a
dt 1 1
 cos a x dx   cos t  sin t  sin ax  C.
a a a
1 sin 5 x sin11x sin17 x 
It   sin x    C.
4 5 11 17 

88) Submitting to calculate:

122
Indefinite integral

dx
 x  2x  5
2

x  2x  5  0
2

1 1 5
x 1, 2  are complex .
1
dx dx
I   .
x  2x  5
2
 x  1 2  4
 
x 2  2x  5  x 2  2x  1  4   x  1   4
2

Variable is changing :
x 1  t
d  x  1   dt
 x  1  dx  dt
dx  dt

I 
dt
 2
dt 1 t 1
 arctg  arctg
 x 1   C
t 4 t 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
1  x 1 
I t  arctg  C
2  2 

89) Submitting to calculate:


x3  x 2  x  1
 3 2
dx .
x  x  x 1
x  x 2  x  1 x3  x 2  x  1
3

 x3  x 2  x  1 1
2x2  2
  
x3  x 2  x  1  1 x3  x 2  x  1  2 x 2  1 . 
x x3 2
 x 1 1  x 3
x 2
 x  1   2 x 2
1 
 
x3  x 2  x  1 x3  x2  x  1

123
Indefinite integral

1 3
x  x2  x 1
3
 3

2 x2 1 
 1 3
2 x2 1 .
 
x  x2  x 1 x  x2  x 1 x  x2  x 1

I t   1 dx  2  3

x 2  1 dx
.

x  x2  x 1

It  x  2  3
x 2  1 dx
.

x  x2  x 1
x3  x2  x 1  0 .
1 -1 1 -1 1
1 0 1 0
x 2 ; x 2  0 x  1  0; x 2  1  0; ( x  1) x 2  1  0  
x3  x2  x 1   x 1  x2  1  
It  x  2 
x  1  dx
2

 x 1   x2 1 
dx
It  x  2  .
 x 1 
I t  x  2 ln x  1  C.
90) Submitting to calculate:
dx

x  x  3  x  5 
1 A B C
  
x  x3 x5 x x3 x5
1 Ax3  x  5   Bx  x  5   Cx  x  3 ,  xC
relation (1).
x  x3 x5 0
x1  0 ; x 2  3 ; x3  5 .
For : x  0 in relation (1) .
1 A 0305 
1
1  15 A A .
15

124
Indefinite integral

in relation 1  x3
1  A  0  3B  3  5   C  0

1  3B  2 
1
B.
6
For : x  5 in relation  1 
1  A0  B 0  C 5 35 
1
1 5C 2 ; C ;
10
1 1 1
A ; B ; C .
15 6 10
1 1 1 1
  
x  x  3   x  5 15 x 6  x  3  10  x  5
dx
 xa 
Variable is changing:
xa t
d  x  a   dt
x  a  dx  dt
dx  dt .
dx dt
 x  a   t  ln t  ln x  a  C
ln  x  5  C.
1 1 1
It  ln x  ln x  3 
15 6 10

91) Submitting to calculate:


dx
It   x  x  1   x  2  x  4 
1 A B C D
   
x  x  1   x  2  x  4  x x  1 x  2 x  4

125
Indefinite integral

1

x  x  1   x  2  x  4 
A  x  1   x  2   x  4   Bx  x  2   x  4 
 
x  x  1   x  2  x  4 
Cx  x  1   x  4   D  x   x  1   x  2 
 .
x  x  1   x  2  x  4 
1  A  x  1   x  2   x  4   Bx  x  2   x  4  
 Cx  x  1   x  4   Dx  x  1   x  2 relation  1 .
x  x  1   x  2  x  4   0
For : x1  0 ; x 2  1 ; x3  2 ; x 4   4 .
In relation  1  put x1  0 :
1  A  0 1   0  2   0  4 
1
18 A ; A  .
8
In relation  1  put x1   1
1  A  0  B   1  2   1  4   C  0  D  0

1  B 1  3 ; B  
1
.
3
For : x   2 in relation  1 
1  A  0  B  0  2 C   2  1   2  4 
1   2 C  1  2 .
1
1 4C ; C  .
4
For : x   4 in relation 1 
1  A  0  B  0  C  0  4 D   4  1   4  2 
1   4 D  3   2 
1
1   24 D ; D   .
24
1 1 1 1
A ; B ; C ; D .
8 3 4 24

126
Indefinite integral

1 1 1 1
A ; B ; C ; D .
8 3 4 24
1

x  x 1   x  2   x  4 
1 1 1 1
    .
8 x 3  x  1  4  x  2  24  x  4 
dx
 x  a . Variable is changing :

x  a  t ; d x  a   dt ; x  a  dx  dt ;
dx  dt .
dx dt
 xa   t
 ln t  ln x  a .

1 1 1 1
I t  ln x  ln x  1  ln x  2  ln x  4  C.
8 3 4 24

92) Submitting to calculate:


It  
x 4
2

dx .
x  4x  5
2

x2  4 x 2  4x  5
 x 2  4x  5 1
 4x  9
rest   4 x  9
But :  
x 2  4  1 x 2  4x  5   4x  9 
x2  4

 
1 x 2  4x  5   4x  9   4x  9  .
1 2
x  4x  5
2
x  4x  5
2
x  4x  5

It  
 4 x  9  dx    4 x  9   \ dx
x  4x  5
2  1  2
 x  4x  5 

It  x  
 4 x  9  dx .
x 2  4x  5

127
Indefinite integral

x 2  4x  5  0
2 45
x1, 2  , are complex .
1
I1  
 4 x  9  dx .
x 2  4x  5
Variable is changing:
x 2  4x  5  t

d x 2  4 x  5  dt 
x 2
 4 x  5 dx  dt
 2 x  4 dx  dt.
 4 x  9  dx  4 x dx dx
I 
1 x 2
 4x  5 x
 4x  5
9  2
2
x  4x  5

2 x dx dx
2 9  2
 x  4x  5
2

x  4x  5
.

I1  2 
  2 x  4   4  dx  9 dx
x  4x  5 2 x 2
 4x  5
.

I1  2  2
 2x  4 
dx
8  2
dx
9  2
dx

x  4x  5 x  4x  5 x  4x  5
dt dx dx
2  2  2 ln t   2 .
t x  4x  5 x  4x  5
dx
I 1  2 ln x 2  4 x  5   2 .
x  4x  5
x 2  4x  5  x 2  2  2x  22  22  5 
  x  2   5  4   x  2  1.
2 2

dx dx
 x  4x  5 
2

 x  2 2  1
.

Variable is changing:
x  2  n ; d  x  2   dn .
 x  2  dx  dn ; dx  dn .

128
Indefinite integral

 arctg n  arctg  x  2 
dx dn
 x2 2
1

n 1
2

I 1  2 ln x 2  4 x  5  arctg  x  2   C1 .
I t  x  I1 .
I t  x  2 ln x 2  4 x  5  arctg  x  2   C .
93) Submitting to calculate:
ex 1 ex 1
 dx   dx .
ex  1 ex 1
Variable is changing:
ex 1 ex 1 2
 t ; is square: t 
; ex 1  ex 1 t 2 . 
ex 1 ex 1
t 2 1  t 2 1 

ex 1 t 2  t 2 1 ; ex  ; d e x  d    2 
.
1 t 2  1 t 
 
  t2 1   t2 1  2 t 1  t 2   2 t  t 2  1 
e  x
dx    dt .;
2 
 
2 
 
 1 t   1 t  1  t 2 2


2 t 1 t2  t2 1  4t
.
1  t  2 2
1  t  2 2

1 t 2 1
e  t
2
4t 4t
x
.; e x dx  dt .; dx  dt .
1 t 2
1 t2  
2
1 t 2
1 t2  
2

4t
dx 
 t 1 1 t2
2

dt .

ex 1 4t
 ex 1
dx   t2 
 
t 1 1 t2
2
dt 

t2 t 2 dt
4 dt   4 
t 2

1 1 t2   
t 2 1 t 2 1
.

a 2  b 2   a  b   a  b .

129
Indefinite integral

t 2  1   t  1  t  1  .

t 2 dt
It   4 
 t 1   t 1  t 2 1 
.

t2 A B CtD
   2
 
 t 1   t 1  t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1
2
.

t2

  
A  t 1  t 2 1  B  t 1  t 2 1   C t  D  t 2 1
.
  
t 4 1 t 4 1
Fraction made breaks down int o simple fractions :

a4  b4   a  b   a  b  a2  b2 . 
t  1
4
 t 1   t 1  t 1 
2 2

t 2  A  t  1   t 2  1   B  t  1   t 2  1    C t  D  t 2  1  .
 t  C. Re lation  1  .
t  1  0   t  1   t  1   t 2  12   0 ;
4

 t  1   0 ; t1  1 ;  t  1   0 ; t 2  1 ;
t 2

 12  0 ; are complex .
If in equation (1) is replaced by one will get:
For : t  1 ; 12  A  1  1  12  1   ;
1
1 4 A ; A  .
4
In relation (1) is replaced variable t by a minus (a) will get:
  1 2  A  0  B   1  1    1 2  1   C   1   D  0
1
1  2 B  0 ; B   .
4
In relation (1) is replaced t with zero:
1 1
t  0 ; si A ; B :
4 4

130
Indefinite integral

02 
1
4
   
 0  1  02  1  1  0  1  02  1   C  0  D  02  1 .
4
 
1 1 1
0  D ; D .
4 4 2
1 1 1
A ; B ; D .
4 4 2
to learn the value of cons tan t C , so t var iable values , any
value different from (1,0,1), for exemple t  2 :

22 
1
    
 2  1  2 2  1  1  2  1  2 2  1   2C  1  2 2  1 . 
4 4  2
15 5 3 10 3
4    6C  ; 4   6C ;
4 4 2 4 2
5 3
4   6C ; 4  46C ; C  0 ;
2 2
1 1 1
But : A  ; B ; D ; C0 .
4 4 2
1
0t
t2 1 1
   2 2.
 t  1  t  1   t  1  4  t  1  4  t  1  t  1
2

t 2 dt
It   4 
 t  1  t  1   t 2  1 
.

 1 dt 1 dt 1 dt 
It   4       .
 4 t 1 4 t 1 2 1 t2 
I t   ln t  1  ln t  1  2arctg t  C .
dt
 ; t  1  n ; d  t  1   dn ;
t 1

131
Indefinite integral

 t  1  dt  dn ; dt  dn .
dt dt
 t 1

n
 ln n  ln t  1  C1 ;

; t  1  v ; d  t  1   dv ;
dt
la fel : 
t 1
 t  1  dt  dv ; dt  dv .
dt dv
 t 1

v
 ln v  ln v  1  C 2 ;

ex 1
t ;
ex 1
ex 1 ex 1  e x  1 
I t   ln  1  ln  1  2 arctg  C .
ex 1 ex 1  e x  1 

94) Submitting to calculate:
I t   sin 2 x dx .
Variable is changing :
x  t ; is square:
x  t2 ; dx  2 t dt .
I t   [sin 2 (t )]2dt  2  t sin 2 t dt .

I t  2  t sin 2 t dt .
1  cos 2 t
sin 2 t  .
2
It  2  t
 1  cos 2 t  dt
2
I t   t dt   t cos 2 t dt
t2
2 
It   t cos 2 t dt .

I1   t cos 2 t dt  1  .

132
Indefinite integral

Apply integration by parts formula:


 f  t  g  t  dt  f  t  g  t    f   t  g  t  dt 2
By identifying the relationship (1) (2) will obtain:
f  t   t ; f   t    t   1 ; g   t  dt  cos 2 t dt .
sin 2 t
 g  t  dt   cos 2 t dt ; g t  ;
2
2 t  n ; d  2 t   dn ;  2 t  dt  dn ;
dn
2 dt  dn ; dt  .
2
dn 1 1 1
 cos 2 t dt   cos n    cos n dn  sin n  sin 2 t.
2 2 2 2
sin 2 t 1
I1  t   sin2 t dt .
2 2
t 1
I1  sin 2 t  cos 2 t  C1.
2 4
 dn  1 1
 sin 2 t dt   sin 4     sin n dn   cos n 
 2  2 2
1
  cos 2 t.
2
t2 t 1
I t   sin 2 t  cos 2 t  C. t x.
2 2 4

It  
x
2 2
x
 1

sin 2 x  cos 2 x  C .
4
 
95) Submitting to calculate:

133
Indefinite integral

sin x dx sin x cos x dx


 cos x 1  sin 2 x

cos 2 x 1  sin 2 x
.

cos 2 x  1  sin 2 x .
sin x cos x dx
It   .
1  sin x  2
1  sin 2 x
Variable is changing :
1  sin 2 x  t 2 ; sin 2 x  t 2  1 .
Differenti ate both sides :
 

d 1  sin 2 x  d (t 2  1) ;  
1  sin 2 x dx  t 2  1 dt .   
2 sin x cos x dx  2 t dt ; sin x cos x dx  t dt .
sin x cos x dx t dt t dt
It     
1  sin x  2
1  sin 2 x 2  t 
2
t2  2

t 2 t

dt 1 t 2
   ln C .
t 2
2
2 2 t 2
dx 1 xa
  ln C.
x2  a2 2a xa
1 1  sin 2 x  2
It   ln C .
2 2 1  sin 2 x  2

t 1  sin 2 x .

96) Submitting to calculate:


dx
 x 2
1  x2  4
.

Variable is changing :
x2  4  x 1  t , is square :

134
Indefinite integral

 x2  4    xt 
2
2
.
x 4  x 2t xt
2 2 2
; 2 t x  4 t2 ;
4t 2
x . differentiate :
2t
 
 4 t2   4 t2  1  t2  4
dx  d      dt . ; dx     dt .
 2t   2t  2 t 

 t2  4 2 t  t  t 2  4  t 2  4
    2 .
 t  t2 t
1 t  4 
2
4 t2
dx   dt . x .
2 t2 2t
4 t2 t2  4
x2  4  x  t  t   .
2t 2t
t2  4
x2  4  .
2t

x 2  1  
4 t2 
2

 1 
 4  t 2   4 t 2 16  8 t 2  t 4  4 t 2
2

 
 2 t  4 t2 4 t2
t  4 t 2  16
4
t 4  4 t 2  16
 . x 1 
2
.
4 t2 4 t2


1 
t2  4
dt

dx t2
 x  2 
2
1  x2  4 t 4  4 t 2  16 t 2  4

4 t2 2t
 t2  4  8 t3
      4
  t 
dt .
 t  4 t  16 4
2 2
 2t

t dt
It   4 
 
dt . Variable is changing :
t  4 t 2  16
4

135
Indefinite integral


 
t 2  n ; d t 2  dn ; t 2 dt  dn ;  
dn
2 t dt  dn ; t dt  .
2
dn
dn
It   4  2 2 2 2 .
n  4 n  16 n  4 n  16
dn
It   2  .
n 2  4 n  16
n 2  4 n  16  0 ;
n1, 2  2  4  16 ; are complex .
n 2  4 n  16  n 2 2  2 n  2 2  2 2  16 
  n  2   16  4   n  2   12 .
2 2

dn
It   2  . Variable is changing :
n2 2
 12 2
n  2  v ; d  n  2   dv ;  n  2  dn  dv .
dn  dv .
dv 2  v 
It   2   arctg  C .
 12 
v2  12 2 12 
v  n2.
It  
2
arctg
n2 C . n  t2 .
12 12

It  
1  t2  2 
arctg 

 C .
 t x2  4  x ;
3  2 3 

It  
1

arctg 
x 2
 4  x
2
2  
 C .
3  2 3 
 

136

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi