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fashion2apparel.blogspot.com/2017/05/yarn-manufacturing-process.html
Ginning:
The process of separating the seeds and debris from the cotton fibers is known as ginning.
Cotton ginning process is done by cotton gin machine but before ginning was done by
hand.
Main factors:
Length
Fineness
Maturity
Uniformity
Trash content
Other properties:
Pliability
Cohesiveness
Tensile strength
Mixing:
In mixing, different grades of same fibers are kept together for yarn production. It is
generally meant as the intermingling of different classes of fibers of the same grade. E.f
USA pima grade 2, CIS.
Blending:
It is meant as the intermingling of different kinds of fibers are kept together for yarn
manufacturing. E.g. polyester & cotton, Viscose & cotton.
Economy
Processing performance
Functional properties
Blow room:
Blowroom is the first stage of yarn manufacturing. In this section fiber is opened, cleaned,
mixed , micro dust removed. Fiber bale is the input material of blow room and output
product is uniform lap or fiber sheet.
Carding:
Carding is the second stage of yarn manufacturing process in conventional spinning line.
Carding is called heart of spinning . Main function of carding is to breaks up locks and
unorganized clumps of fiber. Blending, opening, parallelizing each fiber is also done by
carding. Fiber sheet or lap is the input material of carding and sliver is the output product of
carding.
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Useful sliver hanks of different count:
Wastage in carding:
Taker in waste
Flat strip
Motes and files
Sliver cut
Filter waste
Draw frame:
Draw frame is a machine for combining and drawing slivers. Carded slivers are fed into the
Drawframe. In this stage fiber are straighten and fiber blending can also be done. In
drawing slivers are elongated when passing through a group of pair rollers, each pair is
moving faster than previous one.
Comber:
Combing operation is done by comber machine. Normally combing process is used to
produce smoother, finer, stronger and more uniform yarns.
Objects of comber:
Necessary of combing:
The essential requirements to produce quality yarn are-
Clean fiber
Uniformity in length of fiber
Absence of naps
More parallel arrangement of fibers.
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Straight fibers.
The above quality of fibers can only be obtained by combing.
Comber noel:
The wastage which is removed from comber machine during processing ia known as
combers noel. It is expressed as percentage. It is mainly of short fibers and naps. Noel is
used for lower count as raw material.
Speed frame:
In yarn manufacturing technology, speed frame is situated after the comber. Speed frame
or simplex machine draft the sliver to reduce weight per unit length. In speed frame give
some twist to give strengthen the yarn.
Ring frame:
Ring frame is the last machine to manufacture yarn. It gives draft the roving until the
required fineness is achieved. And give insert twist the drafted strand to form yarn of
required count and strength.
Objectives of ring frame:
To draft the roving fed to the ring spinning frame.
To insert the necessary amount of twist.
To wind the twisted thread or yarn on a cylindrical bobbin or tube.
Soft waste:
Pneumafil
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Bonda
Roving
Sweeping
Hard waste:
Broken end of yarn
Yarn waste in winding
A. Technological causes:
B. Mechanical causes:
Faulty drafting system
Worn out ring and traveler
Faulty gear and wheels
Worn out of rollers
Faulty apron
Spindle vibration
Eccentric ring.
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