Arquitectura Militar Espanola en El Rif PDF

ARQUITECTURA MILITAR
ESPAÑOLA EN EL RIF
5HFLQWRV\IRUWL¿FDFLRQHV
LUIS BLANCO VÁZQUEZ
GERARDO SIERRA PIEDRA
ARQUITECTURA MILITAR
ESPAÑOLA EN EL RIF
5HFLQWRV\IRUWL¿FDFLRQHV
EDITORIAL ALGAZARA. S.L.

MÁLAGA 2010
MÁLAGA 2011
2011
Primera edición: Málaga 2010
© Luis Blanco Vázquez

© Gerardo Sierra Piedra
© Editorial Algazara, S.L. 2011

2010
Avda. de Málaga, 20, 1º-1
La Cala del Moral (Málaga) - 29720
Telf.: 952 40 43 30
E-mail: aljaimasc@terra.es
I.S.B.N.: 978-84-96531-12-3
MA-1004-2011
Depósito Legal: MA-xxxx-2010
IMPRESO EN ANDALUCÍA - ESPAÑA

Antakira Grafic - Tlf.: 952 70 60 04
A los que allí estuvieron y a los que allí quedaron
ARQUITECTURA MILITAR ESPAÑOLA EN EL RIF. RECINTOS Y FORTIFICACIONES
Índice
Prólogo ............................................................................................................. 13
Introducción .................................................................................................... 17
Contexto histórico ........................................................................................... 23
5HFLQWRV\IRUWL¿FDFLRQHV................................................................................ 29
7D[GLUW)XHUWH ............................................................................................ 31
,[PRDUW&DPSDPHQWR ................................................................................ 34
6LGL$KPHW)RUWtQ ...................................................................................... 38
1DGRU$FXDUWHODPLHQWRV ............................................................................ 41
6HJDQJiQ$FXDUWHODPLHQWR ........................................................................ 47
$WODWpQ)RUWtQ............................................................................................. 54
7DXLPD$FXDUWHODPLHQWR............................................................................ 57
=HOXiQ$OFD]DED6LJOR;9,,, ................................................................... 59
%XJXHQ=HLQ)RUWtQ\&DPSDPHQWR .......................................................... 63
%DVEHO)XHUWH ............................................................................................. 68
.ROOD)RUWtQ ............................................................................................. 73
+DUG~$FXDUWHODPLHQWR.............................................................................. 77
7L]L7DTXLUDVW)XHUWH.................................................................................. 81
7D[XGD)XHUWH ............................................................................................ 84
1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHO&DUPHQ)XHUWH............................................................ 87
6DQ(QULTXH)RUWtQ..................................................................................... 91
9
Luis Blanco Vázquez - Gerardo Sierra Piedra
6DQ-HUyQLPR)XHUWH .................................................................................. 96

)XHUWH$OWRGHO8L[iQ)XHUWH ................................................................... 100
$OIRQVR;,,,)RUWtQ.................................................................................. 105
5HVWLQJD)XHUWH........................................................................................ 108
5DV0HGXD)RUWtQ\&DPSDPHQWR........................................................... 113
7DXULDW=DJ&DPSDPHQWR ........................................................................ 118
7DXULDW%XFKLW)XHUWH ............................................................................... 124
6DPPDU)XHUWH......................................................................................... 128
7XPLDW1RUWH&DPSDPHQWR ..................................................................... 131
,NLDQWDUDV$FXDUWHODPLHQWR...................................................................... 134
,VKDIHQ&DPSDPHQWR ............................................................................... 137
7DOXVLW1RUWH&DPSDPHQWR...................................................................... 142
7DOXVLW6XU&DPSDPHQWR ......................................................................... 146
,PDUXIHQ&DPSDPHQWR\)RUWtQ .............................................................. 151
7H[GUD&DPSDPHQWR................................................................................ 154
1XHYD7H[GUD&DPSDPHQWR .................................................................... 157
7DXULDW+DPHG&DPSDPHQWR ................................................................... 160
.DGGXU&DPSDPHQWR............................................................................... 163
<HEHO+DUFKD&DPSDPHQWR ..................................................................... 165
.HUW)RUWtQ ............................................................................................... 169
0XOH\5DFKLG&DPSDPHQWR .................................................................... 173
=DLR$FXDUWHODPLHQWR .............................................................................. 176
6DI6DI)XHUWH .......................................................................................... 181
0RQWH$UUXLW$FXDUWHODPLHQWR................................................................. 185
1HEV&DPSDPHQWR................................................................................... 192
6LGL6HGLN&DPSDPHQWR\)RUWtQ ............................................................ 195
6ItD&DPSDPHQWR .................................................................................... 200
+DVL%HUNiQ$FXDUWHODPLHQWR.................................................................. 203
10
$UEDD+DUDLJ)XHUWH ................................................................................ 208

.DUQV=LDFKD)XHUWH................................................................................. 211
,FK8VXJDM&DPSDPHQWR ......................................................................... 214
(UJDGD&DPSDPHQWR................................................................................ 218
$UQHE&DPSDPHQWR................................................................................. 222
$IVy&DPSDPHQWR ................................................................................... 227
)XHQWHVGH(UPLOD&DPSDPHQWR.............................................................. 231
8VXJD)RUWtQ ............................................................................................ 238
7LPFKDUHW&DPSDPHQWR........................................................................... 241
7LVLQJDUW&DPSDPHQWR\)RUWtQ............................................................... 244
.DQGXVVL&DPSDPHQWR............................................................................ 250
6EXFK6EDD&DPSDPHQWR ........................................................................ 254
'DU4XHEGDQL$FXDUWHODPLHQWR ............................................................... 258
7XJXQW]3RVLFLyQGH .................................................................. 262
%HQ7LHE$FXDUWHODPLHQWR....................................................................... 267
,FKWLYHQ3RVLFLyQGH .................................................................. 273
'DU$]XJDM3RVLFLyQGH ............................................................. 276
7DPDVXVLW3RVLFLyQGH ............................................................... 280
$KHVRU3RVLFLyQGH.................................................................... 285
.DUUD0LGDU3RVLFLyQGH ........................................................... 289
+DI3RVLFLyQGH ......................................................................... 292
$UUH\HQ/DR3RVLFLyQGH ........................................................... 295
7L[HUD3RVLFLyQGH ..................................................................... 299
7HOD]WD%X%HNHU&DPSDPHQWR ............................................................... 302
%HQ+LGXU3RVLFLyQGH .............................................................. 307
5H\pQ'HO*XHUUXDR3RVLFLyQGH .............................................. 310
0HVDLWD.HELUD3RVLFLyQGH....................................................... 314
,]]XPDU3RVLFLyQGH .................................................................. 318
11
$QQXDO&DPSDPHQWR ............................................................................... 322

,JXHULEHQ3RVLFLyQGH ................................................................ 328
$EDUUiQ3RVLFLyQGH .................................................................. 334
6LGL'ULV3RVLFLyQGH................................................................. 336
$IUDX3RVLFLyQGH ...................................................................... 340
-HPLV7HPVDPiQ$FXDUWHODPLHQWR .......................................................... 343
3HxD7DKXDUGD)RUWtQ............................................................................... 345
3RVLFLyQ%HQtWH]3RVLFLyQGH .................................................... 349
7L]]L$VVD3ULQFLSDO3RVLFLyQGH ............................................... 354
7L]]L$VVD1RUWH3RVLFLyQGH..................................................... 361
7DODPDJDLW$FXDUWHODPLHQWR.................................................................... 365
$UEDD7DXULUW(GL¿FLR0LOLWDU.................................................................. 369
%HQL%X$\DFK$FXDUWHODPLHQWR ............................................................. 373
(LQ=RUHQ$FXDUWHODPLHQWR ..................................................................... 376
3HxyQGH$OKXFHPDV .................................................................................. 380
$OKXFHPDV.................................................................................................. 383
Epílogo ........................................................................................................... 389
%LEOLRJUDItD .................................................................................................... 393
$QH[RFDUWRJUi¿FR ........................................................................................ 401
12
Prólogo
/XLV*HUPiQ%ODQFR9i]TXH]\*HUDUGR6LHUUD3LHGUDPHKRQUDQFRQODLQ
YLWDFLyQGHXQLUPLQRPEUHDORVVX\RVHQHVWHOLEURUHVXOWDGRGHXQHPSHxRXQD
SDVLyQ\XQDRIUHQGDSyVWXPD
6RQGRVEXHQRVDUTXHyORJRVLQFDQVDEOHVSURVSHFWRUHVGHGLODWDGDH[SHULHQFLD
HQODERUHVGHFDPSR\FRQEDVWDQWHV&DUWDV$UTXHROyJLFDVDVXVHVSDOGDVSRUWDQWR
HVWHDYDOSURIHVLRQDOHVVX¿FLHQWHSDUDEXFHDUFRQDWHQFLyQHQHOWUDEDMRTXHQRV
RIUHFHQSHURSRUHQFLPDGHWRGRVRQPLVDPLJRV
$UTXLWHFWXUDPLOLWDUHVSDxRODHQHO5LI5HFLQWRV\IRUWL¿FDFLRQHVHVXQD
REUDGHFRUWHDUTXHROyJLFRRVLVHSUH¿HUHHODERUDGD FRQPHWRGRORJtDDUTXHROyJL
FDTXHSRQHGHPDQL¿HVWRXQDLQWHQVDODERUFRQVWUXFWLYDDVRFLDGDDODLQJHQLHUtD
PLOLWDUHVSDxRODGHSULQFLSLRVGHOVLJOR;;&RQFUHWDPHQWHLQYHQWDUtDQFRQHO
GHWDOOHTXHORVEXHQRVDUTXHyORJRVVLQPHGLRVVDEHQH[SULPLUODDUTXLWHFWXUD
PLOLWDUGHORTXHIXHHO3URWHFWRUDGR(VSDxROGH0DUUXHFRV±FLUFXQVFULWRDO5LI
FOiVLFRHVGHFLUDO7HUULWRULRGH0HOLOODHVSDFLRJHRJUi¿FRVLWXDGRHQWUHHOPDU
0HGLWHUUiQHRDOQRUWHODVOODQXUDVGHO*XHUUXDR\+DUDLJDOVXUHOUtR0XOX\DDO
HVWH\ODFLXGDGPDUURTXtGH$O+RFHLPD$OKXFHPDVDORHVWH
$QWHODSRVLEOHGHVDSDULFLyQGHHVWRVUHFLQWRVPLOLWDUHVPXFKRVHQFRPSOHWD
UXLQDDPERVYLHURQODQHFHVLGDGGHHODERUDUXQLQYHQWDULREDVHTXHSXHGDVR
SRUWDUWDOYH]ODVXUGLPEUHVGHXQDWRWDORSDUFLDOFRQVHUYDFLyQFLUFXQVWDQFLD
TXHDHOORV\DPtVHQRVHVFDSD\DTXHWUDQVLWDUtDSRUORVHQWUHVLMRVGHODSROtWLFD
H[WHULRUGH0DUUXHFRV\(VSDxD
1RREVWDQWHFUHRTXHHODSDUWDGRXREMHWLYRVRFLDOGHHVWHWUDEDMRHVWiFXELHUWR
FRQFUHFHV/DH[FHOHQWHFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHHVWDVUXLQDVVXFRQRFLPLHQWRItVLFR
\ OD XOWHULRU SODVPDFLyQ GRFXPHQWDO GDQ LPDJHQ SRQHQ HQ WUHV GLPHQVLRQHV
GHWHUPLQDGRVSDVDMHVKLVWyULFRVTXHSDUDPXFKRVHVSDxROHVVRQGHVFRQRFLGRV
$SDUWLUGHODOHFWXUD\GHODQiOLVLVPHDWUHYRDGH¿QLUFODUDPHQWHVLHWHSHULRGRV
FRQVWUXFWLYRVTXHORVDXWRUHVDXWRUL]DQDSDUWLUGHVXWUDEDMR
± %DUUDQFRGHO/RER
± &DPSDxDGHO.HUW
± $YDQFHVKDVWDHO'HVDVWUHGH$QQXDO
± *XHUUDGHO5LI
± &RQVROLGDFLyQ
± /tQHD3pUH]
± (WDSD¿QDO
15
&DGD HWDSD HVWi ELHQ FRPSDUWLPHQWDGD \ ORV UHVWRV FRQVWUXFWLYRV VRQ ORV
MLURQHVGHXQDHVFHQRJUDItDTXHQRVWUDVODGDFRQWRGDVVXVFRQVHFXHQFLDVDORV
UHOLFWRVGHXQLPSHULRFRORQLDOFX\RVHVWHUWRUHVVLUYLHURQGHHQULTXHFLPLHQWRD
XQRVSRFRV\GHWXPEDDEDVWDQWHVKLMRVGH(VSDxD\GHO5LI
1RVpVLSRUTXHHO5LIDOJXQRVHVSDxROHVORDVRFLDQDODLQVXUJHQFLDIDVFLVWD
\DTXHODJXDUQLFLyQGH/ODQR$PDULOORGH.HWDPDIXHGHODVSULPHUDVHQDO]DUVH
FRQWUDHOSRGHUOHJLWLPDGRHQODVXUQDVGHOD5HS~EOLFDRSRUTXHHO5LIUHFXHUGD
DORVVROGDGRVPRURVTXHDFRPSDxDURQDORV³DIULFDQLVWDV´HQVXDVRQDGDORFLHU
WRHVTXHXQYHORQRVLPSLGHDVRPDUQRVDOD+LVWRULDSRUFLHUWRODVLWXDFLyQVH
LQYLHUWHFXDQGRPDQLIHVWDPRVGHIRUPDUHLWHUDGDHLQVWLWXFLRQDOQXHVWURVJUDQGHV
SURSyVLWRVSDUDFRQ,EHURDPpULFD
'HHVWHWUDEDMRVHGHVSUHQGHTXHORVPDUURTXtHVQRSUDFWLFDURQOD³GDPQDWLR
PHPRULDH´ODVHYLGHQFLDVGHHVDSUiFWLFDPiVELHQVHDVRFLDQDORVSURSLRVHVSD
xROHVFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODIUXVWUDFLyQGHXQGHOLULR\DOJXQDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHV
VRQDSURYHFKDGDVSRUHOHMpUFLWRDODXLWDRWUDVSRUODSREODFLyQFLYLO\ODPD\RUtD
VRQXQDUXLQDFRQYLVRVGHGHVDSDULFLyQHQODDQRPLD
$SDUWLUGHOLQYHQWDULRVHSXHGHQDUELWUDUVROXFLRQHVGHHVWXGLRSURIXQGR\
FRQVHUYDFLyQHOFRPSURPLVRpWLFRGHOLQYHVWLJDGRUOOHJDKDVWDGRQGHSXHGHOOHJDU
\SURSRQHU1RREVWDQWHWDPELpQHVWiHOFRPSURPLVRPRUDOTXHQXHVWUDVRFLHGDG
GHEHPDQWHQHUSDUDFRQHVRVGRFXPHQWRV\SDUDFRQXQWHUULWRULRTXHIXHHVTXLO
PDGRHQDUDVGHOHQULTXHFLPLHQWRGHDOJXQRV³SUyFHUHV´GHODVRFLHGDGHVSDxROD
GHOPRPHQWRFRPSURPHWLpQGRQRVDWRGRVFRPR1DFLyQ
(OWHUULWRULRGH$OKXFHPDVVXIULyXQVHYHURWHUUHPRWRGHPDJQLWXGHQ
ODHVFDOD5LFKWHUHQHOUpSOLFDGHRWURHQTXHFDXVyFHQWHQDUHVGH
PXHUWRV\SURYRFyJUDYHVGDxRVPDWHULDOHV(VXQHVSDFLRD]XO\EODQFRGHPDU
\FLHORTXHELHQSXHGHVHUREMHWLYRGHDOJ~QSURJUDPDGHFRRSHUDFLyQ
(QFRQFUHWRH[LVWHQYDULRVSURJUDPDVGH&RRSHUDFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOFRPRHO
LPSXOVDGRSRUOD-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtDTXHSRGUtDQDVXPLUJHVWLRQDURSURPRYHU
ODSXHVWDHQYDORUGHHVWDDUTXLWHFWXUDPLOLWDUHVSDxRODHQHO5LI/DVRSFLRQHV
GHQWURGHOPDUFRGHODFRRSHUDFLyQLQWHUQDFLRQDOVRQYDULDV8QDGHHOODVVHUtDHO
IRPHQWRGHXQD³HVFXHODWDOOHU´TXHWHQJDSRUREMHWLYRODIRUPDFLyQOD¿MDFLyQGH
ODSREODFLyQMXYHQLODOWHUULWRULR\ODSXHVWDHQPDUFKDGHXQSURJUDPDGHFRQVROL
GDFLyQGHODVUXLQDV\UHKDELOLWDFLyQLQFOXVRSDUDRWURVXVRVGHORVHVSDFLRVTXH
SURFHGDQ(QGH¿QLWLYDHVWDSURSXHVWDTXHDODYH]SXHGHVHUH[SHULHQFLDSLORWR
TXHVHHQPDUFDGHQWURGHODV$FFLRQHV)RUPDWLYDV\GH)RPHQWRJDUDQWL]DUtDOD
SHUYLYHQFLDGHHVWDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVTXHTXHUDPRVRQRIRUPDQSDUWHGHODKLVWRULD
GH(VSDxD\GH0DUUXHFRV
(OtDV&DUURFHUD)HUQiQGH]
Profesor de Arqueología de la Universidad de Oviedo)
16
Introducción
(QHODxRLQLFLDPRVHOHVWXGLRGHORVUHVWRVGHDUTXLWHFWXUDPLOLWDUHVSDxR
ODUHDOL]DGDGXUDQWHODpSRFDGHO3URWHFWRUDGR(VSDxROGH0DUUXHFRV
SUHVHQWHVD~QHQHO5LIDQWHODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQDSRVLELOLGDGUHDOGHGHVDSDULFLyQ
IXWXUD(QODDFWXDOLGDGPXFKRVGHHVWRVUHFLQWRVSUHVHQWDQXQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\
FDUHFHQGHLQWHUpVSDUDODVDXWRULGDGHVPDUURTXtHV
&RQORVWUDEDMRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQUHDOL]DGRVSUHWHQGtDPRVQRVyORGRFXPHQWDU
UHVWRVKLVWyULFRVHQSHOLJURGHGHVDSDULFLyQVLQRUHFRUGDUXQRVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRV
\XQDpSRFDFDVLERUUDGRVGHODPHPRULDFROHFWLYDGHORVHVSDxROHVDSHVDUGHVX
SUR[LPLGDGHQHOWLHPSR\GHVXLQQHJDEOHLQÀXHQFLDHQHOGHYHQLUGHOD(VSDxD
DFWXDO
(QHOUHVXOWDGR¿QDOGHHVWHHVWXGLRMXQWRDXQDEUHYHGHVFULSFLyQKLVWyULFD\
GHOHVWDGRDFWXDOGHFDGDUHFLQWRVHLQFOX\HXQDSDUWDGRGRFXPHQWDOIRWRJUi¿FR
\FDUWRJUi¿FRHQHOTXHVHPXHVWUDODXELFDFLyQH[DFWDGHFDGDXQRGHHOORV
/DUHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWHWUDEDMRREHGHFHDXQDLQLFLDWLYDSHUVRQDOPRWLYDGDSRU
HOLQWHUpVTXHHQQRVRWURVGHVSHUWDURQORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVTXHJHQpULFDPHQWHVH
GHQRPLQDQFRPRHODesastre de AnnualVXFHGLGRVHQHOYHUDQRGH(VWH
LQWHUpV IXH FUHFLHQGR D OR ODUJR GH ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV DOLPHQWDGR SRU OD OHFWXUD
GHXQLPSRUWDQWHcorpusELEOLRJUi¿FR\SRUODUHFRSLODFLyQGHGLYHUVRPDWHULDO
FDUWRJUi¿FRIRWRJUi¿FR\FLQHPDWRJUi¿FR(VWRKL]RTXHQXHVWURLQLFLDOGHVHR
GHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODesastreVHFRQYLUWLHVHHQXQSXQWRGHSDUWLGDSDUDDPSOLDU
WDQWR ItVLFD FRPR FURQROyJLFDPHQWH QXHVWUD ODERU LQYHVWLJDGRUD eVWD UHIHULGD
DORVDxRVGHOVLJOR;;EDMRDGPLQLVWUDFLyQHVSDxRODSDVyDFLUFXQVFULELUVHDO
WHUULWRULRGHO5LISURSLDPHQWHGLFKRHOHVSDFLRJHRJUi¿FRVLWXDGRHQWUHHOPDU
0HGLWHUUiQHRDOQRUWHODVOODQXUDVGHO*XHUUXDR\+DUDLJDOVXUHOUtR0XOX\DDO
HVWH\ODFLXGDGPDUURTXtGH$O+RFHLPD$OKXFHPDVDORHVWH
(OFRQRFLPLHQWRDGTXLULGRHQHVWHWLHPSRSUHFLVDEDGDGDQXHVWUDIRUPDFLyQ
FRPRDUTXHyORJRVKDELWXDGRVDORVWUDEDMRVGHSURVSHFFLyQHQHOFDPSRHOQH
FHVDULRFRPSOHPHQWRTXHQRVRIUHFHUtDODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQItVLFDGHORVOXJDUHV\
ODVKXHOODVTXHHQHOWHUULWRULRULIHxRGHMDURQORVDxRVGHSUHVHQFLDHVSDxROD(O
DUTXHyORJRQRVHFRQIRUPDQRUPDOPHQWHFRQHOPDQHMRGHODVGLYHUVDVIXHQWHVHQ
TXHVHDSR\DSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHVXDFWLYLGDG(OUHFRQRFLPLHQWRYLVXDOGHWRGRV
ORVHOHPHQWRVTXHFRPSRQHQHOREMHWRGHVXVLQWHUHVHVHVXQDREOLJDFLyQSDUDHO
SURIHVLRQDO \ HQ HVWH FDVR FRQVWLWX\y XQD YHUGDGHUD QHFHVLGDG SDUD QRVRWURV
3DUDHOORUHDOL]DPRVYDULRVYLDMHVDO5LIHQWUHORVDxRV\HQORVTXH
SXGLPRVFRPSUREDUHOSDXODWLQRGHWHULRURFXDQGRQRODGHVWUXFFLyQFRPRHQHO
FDVRGHOLPSRUWDQWHDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH'DU'UtXVGHORVUHFLQWRVPLOLWDUHVGHOD
pSRFDHVSDxRODWDQWRSRUODGHVLGLDGHODVDXWRULGDGHVPDUURTXtHVFRPRSRUHIHFWR
19
GHIHQyPHQRVQDWXUDOHVFRPRHOWHUUHPRWRGHTXHWXYRXQLPSDFWRSDUWLFX
ODUPHQWHIXHUWHHQODORFDOLGDGGH(LQ=RUHQSUy[LPDDODFLXGDGGH$OKXFHPDV
(OGLVFXUVRGHVFULSWLYRGHHVWDREUDHQODPD\RUSDUWHGHORVFDVRVVLJXHOD
HYROXFLyQFURQROyJLFDGHODSHQHWUDFLyQHVSDxRODHQHOWHUULWRULR$VLPLVPR\SDUD
XQDPHMRUFRPSUHQVLyQKHPRVHVWDEOHFLGRXQDFODVL¿FDFLyQGHORVUHVWRVDUTXL
WHFWyQLFRVEDVDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQODPRUIRORJtD\IXQFLRQDOLGDGGHORVPLVPRV
Fuerte, fortínHGL¿FDFLyQFRPSDFWDFRQ¿QHVPLOLWDUHVGHIHQVLYRVLQGHSHQGLHQ
WHPHQWHGHVXDGVFULSFLyQFURQROyJLFDAcuartelamiento, campamentoUHFLQWRV
DELHUWRV FRQ RFXSDFLyQ PLOLWDU PiV R PHQRV HVWDEOH GXUDQWH YDULRV DxRV$TXt
LQFOXLPRVWDPELpQRWURVUHFLQWRVTXHVLELHQIXHURQRFXSDGRVGXUDQWHXQEUHYH
HVSDFLRGHWLHPSRWXYLHURQXQDJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDHQVXPRPHQWRFRPRHQHOFDVR
GH$QQXDOPosición de 1920-21 y Tizzi AssaUHFLQWRVGHYLGDHItPHUDYLQFXODGRV
DXQDFDPSDxDPLOLWDUGHWHUPLQDGD(GL¿FLRPLOLWDUFRQVWUXFFLyQFRPSDFWDFRQ
¿QHVPLOLWDUHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVPeñón de AlhucemasLVORWHIRUWL¿FDGRTXHSHU
PDQHFHEDMRVREHUDQtDHVSDxRODGHVGH¿QDOHVGHOVLJOR;9,,Alcazaba del siglo
XVIIIUHFLQWRDPXUDOODGRGH=HOXiQTXHIXHRFXSDGRPLOLWDUPHQWHSRU(VSDxD
&RQHVWHWUDEDMRTXHQHFHVDULDPHQWHGHEHTXHGDUDELHUWRDQWHORVQXPHURVRV
UHVWRVGHDUTXLWHFWXUDPLOLWDUHVSDxRODGLVHPLQDGRVSRUHODPSOLRWHUULWRULRULIHxR
QRSUHWHQGHPRVVLQRUHDOL]DUXQDSHTXHxDDSRUWDFLyQGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDDU
TXHROyJLFRDOFRQMXQWRGHHVWXGLRVTXHHQODDFWXDOLGDGVHHVWiQOOHYDQGRDFDER
HQGLVWLQWRVOXJDUHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQ0HOLOOD\&HXWDWHQGHQWHVDSURIXQGL]DU
HQHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHORTXHXQGtDIXHHO3URWHFWRUDGR(VSDxROGH0DUUXHFRV
3RU~OWLPROHGHEHPRVXQHPRFLRQDGRUHFXHUGRD0DUtD-RVp(-HUH]0RUHQR
TXHFRPHQ]yHOHVWXGLRFRQQRVRWURV\FX\RHVStULWXQRVDFRPSDxyKDVWDHO¿QDO
$OPHUtD*UDQDGD$VWXULDV
20
(QODVUXLQDVGHOIXHUWHGH.DUQV=LDFKD$EULO
(QODDQWLJXDSRVLFLyQGH6LGL'ULV$EULO
21
Contexto histórico
$OJRPiVGHRFKRGpFDGDVGHVSXpVGHODesembarco de AlhucemasHOGH
VHSWLHPEUHGHODSOD\DGHOD&HEDGLOODVLJXHOODPiQGRVHLJXDO/RPLVPR
VXFHGHFRQODFDODGH(O4XHPDGRODFDOD%RQLWD0RUUR1XHYR\0RUUR9LHMR
/DDFFLyQPLOLWDUKLVSDQRIUDQFHVDTXHSURYRFySRFRWLHPSRGHVSXpVHO¿QGHOD
República del RifLQVWDXUDGDSRU0RKDPPHG%HQ$EGHO.ULP(O.KDWDELHOGH
MXOLRGHVXSXVRDVLPLVPRHOWpUPLQRGHODVDFFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVTXHGXUDQWH
YDULRVVLJORVFRQPD\RURPHQRULQWHQVLGDGKDEtDOOHYDGRDFDER(VSDxDHQHO
5LI$SDUWLUGHHVHPRPHQWRVHGLRLQLFLRDODODERUFRORQL]DGRUDTXHVHKDEtD
RWRUJDGRD(VSDxDHQODConferencia de AlgecirasGHOGHHQHURGH\TXHVH
FRQFUHWDUtDFRQODLQVWDXUDFLyQGHOProtectoradoKLVSDQRIUDQFpVHQQRYLHPEUHGH
(VWHGRPLQLRHXURSHRDFDEDUtDHQFRQODLQGHSHQGHQFLDGH0DUUXHFRV
/DSUHVHQFLDHVSDxRODHQHO5LIWLHQHVXVSUHFHGHQWHVHQODWRPDGH0HOLOODSRU
3HGURGH(VWRSLxiQHQODRFXSDFLyQGHO3HxyQGH9pOH]GHOD*RPHUDHQ
ODGHO3HxyQGH$OKXFHPDVHQ\ODGHODV,VODV&KDIDULQDVHQ
SRVHVLRQHVTXHWXYLHURQGXUDQWHPXFKRWLHPSRHOFDUiFWHUGHSUHVLGLRV
$OSULPHUFRQÀLFWRGHLPSRUWDQFLDDOTXHWXYRTXHHQIUHQWDUVH(VSDxDHQHO
5LIFRQORVFRQVWDQWHVDWDTXHVDODVSRVHVLRQHVHVSDxRODVGXUDQWHHOVXOWDQDWRGH
0XOD\,VPDLOD¿QDOHVGHOVLJOR;9,,OHVXFHGLHURQORVHQIUHQWDPLHQWRVGHOVLJOR
;,;FRQODGuerra de TetuánGH\ODGuerra de MelillaGHSUR
YRFDGDSRUODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQIXHUWHPLOLWDUFHUFDGHOPRUDELWRRVDQWXDULRGH
6LGL$JXDULDFK\HQODTXHPXULyHO&DSLWiQ*HQHUDOGH0HOLOODJHQHUDO0DUJDOOR
3HURVHUtDHQHOVLJOR;;FXDQGRODFRQIURQWDFLyQPLOLWDUVHGDUtDFRQPD\RU
LQWHQVLGDG7UDVODSpUGLGDGHODV~OWLPDVFRORQLDVGHXOWUDPDU&XED3XHUWR5LFR
\)LOLSLQDVHQORVJREHUQDQWHVHVSDxROHVYLHURQHQHO5LIODRSRUWXQLGDG
GHFRQWLQXDUPDQWHQLHQGRXQLPSHULRFRORQLDO\DVtSRGHUVHJXLUIRUPDQGRSDUWH
GHODVSRWHQFLDVHXURSHDV$HVWHLQWHUpVSROtWLFRKD\TXHDxDGLUWDPELpQHOHFR
QyPLFRVREUHWRGRHOLQWHUpVSRUH[SORWDUORV\DFLPLHQWRVGHPLQHUDOGHKLHUUR
GHO5LI/DDFWLYLGDGPLQHUDTXHHPSH]yDGHVSXQWDUHQORVSULPHURVDxRVGHO
VLJORVHGHVDUUROOyFRQIXHU]DDSDUWLUGHFRQHOFRPLHQ]RGHOD,*XHUUD
0XQGLDO&XDWURIXHURQODVSULQFLSDOHVVRFLHGDGHVPLQHUDVTXHH[SORWDURQHO5LI
ODCompañía Norte AfricanoFUHDGDHQFRQFDSLWDOIUDQFpV\GHGLFDGDDOD
H[SORWDFLyQGHKLHUURSORPR\]LQFODCompañía SetolazarFUHDGDHQSDUD
ODH[SORWDFLyQGHOPLQHUDOGHKLHUURSRUORV¿QDQFLHURV6HWXDtQ2ODYDUULDJD\2UWL]
GH=iUDWHODCompañía La AlicantinaFUHDGDHQSDUDH[SORWDUHOPLQHUDOGH
KLHUUR\ODCompañía Española de Minas del Rif (CEMR)TXHVHFRQYHUWLUtDHQ
25
ODSULQFLSDOVRFLHGDGPLQHUDFUHDGDHQSDUDODH[SORWDFLyQGHOPLQHUDOGH
KLHUURHQHOPRQWH8L[iQHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHVGH6HJDQJiQ\HQWUHFX\RVVRFLRV
VHHQFRQWUDEDQÈOYDURGH)LJXHURD&RQGHGH5RPDQRQHV\HO&RQGHGH*HOO
(QMXOLRGHVHSURGXFHQORVVXFHVRVGHOBarranco del LoboHQHOPRQWH
*XUXJ~HQIUHQWDPLHQWRDUPDGRHQWUHODVFDELODVSUy[LPDVD0HOLOOD\HOHMpUFLWR
HVSDxRO RFDVLRQDGRV SRU OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH OD YtD IpUUHD PLQHUD TXH HQOD]DED
HO PRQWH 8L[iQ FRQ 0HOLOOD (VWRV VXFHVRV SURYRFDUtDQ HQ (VSDxD QXPHURVRV
GLVWXUELRVGHELGRDOUHFKD]RVRFLDODOHQYtRGHVROGDGRVD0HOLOODVLHQGRORVPiV
LPSRUWDQWHV ORV DFDHFLGRV HQ %DUFHORQD FRQRFLGRV FRPR La Semana Trágica.
3RFRVDxRVGHVSXpVHQYXHOYHQDSURGXFLUVHHQIUHQWDPLHQWRVEpOLFRVHQOD
OODPDGDCampaña del KertSURYRFDGDSRUODUHYXHOWDGHOMHIHULIHxR0RKDPPHG
$PH]LiQ 3HUR VHUi D SDUWLU GHO QRPEUDPLHQWR GHO JHQHUDO 0DQXHO )HUQiQGH]
6LOYHVWUHFRPR&RPDQGDQWH*HQHUDOGH0HOLOODHQFXDQGRVHSURGXFLUiHO
FRQÀLFWRGHPD\RULPSRUWDQFLDODOODPDGDGuerra del RifPRWLYDGD
SRUHODYDQFHGHOHMpUFLWRHVSDxROLPSXOVDGRSRUHOJHQHUDO6LOYHVWUHKDFLDOD%DKtD
GH$OKXFHPDV/DUHVLVWHQFLDULIHxDDHVWDVDFFLRQHVEDMRHOPDQGRGH0RKDPPHG
$EGHO.ULPSURYRFDUiHQMXOLRGHHOHSLVRGLRFRQRFLGRFRPRHODesastre
de AnnualTXHVXSXVRHOLQLFLRGHODJXHUUD(VWHHQIUHQWDPLHQWRWHUPLQDUtDFRQOD
WRWDORFXSDFLyQGHOQRUWHGH0DUUXHFRVSRUODVWURSDVHVSDxRODV\ODGHFODUDFLyQ
GHO¿QGHODJXHUUDHOGHMXOLRGHKHFKRDFDHFLGRHQ%DE7D]DSRURUGHQ
GHOJHQHUDO-RVp6DQMXUMR
$SDUWLUGHHVHPRPHQWRVHLQLFLDUtDODODERUFRORQL]DGRUDGH(VSDxDHQWRGR
HOProtectoradoFRQODUHDOL]DFLyQGHGLYHUVDVREUDVFLYLOHVFDUUHWHUDVSXHUWRV
PDUtWLPRV\YtDVIpUUHDVUHODFLRQDGDVHQJUDQPHGLGDFRQODDFWLYLGDGPLQHUD
(VWDDFFLyQFRORQL]DGRUDHVWDUiVLHPSUHVXSHUYLVDGDSRUORVRUJDQLVPRVPLOLWDUHV
\DTXHODPi[LPDDXWRULGDGHQHO5LIGXUDQWHWRGRHOProtectoradoODGHWHQWDUi
VDOYRH[FHSFLRQHVXQDOWRPDQGRPLOLWDU(VWHGHVDUUROORFRORQLDOVHYLRIUHQDGR
GXUDQWHODGuerra CivilHVSDxRODFX\RLQLFLRWXYROXJDUHQOD]RQDGHOProtec-
toradoVLHQGRODJXDUQLFLyQPLOLWDUGHO/ODQR$PDULOORGH.HWDPDODSULPHUDHQ
DO]DUVHFRQWUDODRepública/RVSULQFLSDOHVLPSXOVRUHVGHHVWHAlzamientoIXHURQ
ORVPDQGRVPLOLWDUHVFRQRFLGRVFRPRORVafricanistasTXHKDEtDQSDUWLFLSDGRHQ
ODGuerra del RifFRQWUD$EGHO.ULP$VLPLVPRHOQRUWHGH0DUUXHFRVVLUYLyGH
]RQDGHUHFOXWDPLHQWRGHVROGDGRVULIHxRVSDUDHOHMpUFLWRLQVXUJHQWH
(O¿QDOGHOProtectoradoHVSDxROVHSURGXMRDOPLVPRWLHPSRTXHHOIUDQFpV
HQFRQODSURFODPDFLyQGHODLQGHSHQGHQFLDGH0DUUXHFRV\HOUHLQDGRGH
0RKDPPHG9'HVGHHQWRQFHVODLQÀXHQFLDHVSDxRODHQHO5LIKDLGRSHUGLHQGR
SHVRSDXODWLQDPHQWHHQEHQH¿FLRGHODIUDQFHVDGHELGRVREUHWRGRDODLPSRVL
FLyQGHOiUDEH\HOIUDQFpVFRPROHQJXDVREOLJDWRULDVHQWRGR0DUUXHFRV$VtORV
QRPEUHVGHODVORFDOLGDGHVGHODQWLJXRProtectoradoHVSDxROSRUORJHQHUDOFRQ
YHUWLGDVHQJUDQGHVSXHEORVHQODDFWXDOLGDGKDQYDULDGR6HJDQJiQHV6HJDQJDQH
7DXLPDHV7DRXLPD=HOXiQHV6HORXDQH0RQWH$UUXLWHV0RQW$URXLW7LVWXWtQHV
26
7L]WRXWLQH'UtXVHV'ULRXFK%HQ7LHEHV%HQ7DLHE$QQXDOHV$QQRXDO7DIHUVLW
HV7DIHUVLWH\7DXULUWHV7DRXULUW
6LQHPEDUJR\DSHVDUGHWRGRQRUHVXOWDGLItFLOH[SUHVDUVHHQHVSDxROHQHO
5LI<HVWRHVGHELGRDYDULRVIDFWRUHVODLQÀXHQFLDTXH0HOLOODHMHUFHVREUHODV
]RQDVSUy[LPDVODIiFLOFDSWDFLyQGHODVWHOHYLVLRQHVHVSDxRODVVHJXLGDVFRQJUDQ
LQWHUpVSRUODSREODFLyQULIHxDODODERUGLIXVRUDGHODOHQJXDHVSDxRODSRUSDUWH
GHGLYHUVRVFHQWURVHVSDxROHVHQHOQRUWHGH0DUUXHFRVFRPRORVGH$OKXFHPDV
\7HWXiQHQORVTXHODHQVHxDQ]DGHOLGLRPDHVSDxROUHSUHVHQWDXQDD\XGDIXQGD
PHQWDOSDUDODUHDOL]DFLyQGHORVSRVWHULRUHVHVWXGLRVVXSHULRUHVHQODVXQLYHUVLGDGHV
HVSDxRODV\HOGHVDUUROORGHODDJULFXOWXUDLQWHQVLYDHQHOVXUGH(VSDxDOXJDUDO
TXHGHVHDOOHJDUXQJUDQQ~PHURGHODVJHQWHVGHO0DJUHE
27
Recintos y
HQTVKſECEKQPGU
7$;',57)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHORFDOL]DHQODSDUWHVXUGHODSHQtQVXODGH7UHV)RUFDVFDELODGH
%HQL6tFDUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUHQHOGHVSREODGRH[WUHPRVXURHVWHGHODPHVHWD
GH7D[GLUWFRQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDOVREUHHOOD\HOPDU6HDFFHGHDpOSRUXQD
SLVWDTXHSDUWHGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHXQH)DUKDQDFRQ6DPPDUSRUHOQRUWH
/D]RQDGH7D[GLUWIXHRFXSDGDPLOLWDUPHQWHSRUODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVHQ
GDQGROXJDUHQWRQFHVDOKHFKRFRQRFLGRFRPRLa Carga de TaxdirtDFFLyQHQODTXH
VHGLVWLQJXLyHOWHQLHQWHFRURQHO&DYDOFDQWL1(OIXHUWHIXHFRQVWUXLGRFRQIiEULFD
GHPDPSRVWHUtDHQFRPRLQGLFDXQDSODFDVREUHODSRUWDGDHPSOHiQGRVHDVL
PLVPRYLJDVPHWiOLFDVFRPRHOHPHQWRVVXVWHQWDQWHV6HSUHVHQWDFRPRXQUHFLQWR
FXDGUDGRGHXQRVPGHODGRFRQDVSLOOHUDVDSDLVDGDVLQYHUWLGDVHQWRGDVVXV
FDUDV\XQD~QLFDWRUUHFXDGUDGD\DOPHQDGDHQODHVTXLQDVXURHVWH/DHQWUDGD
VHRULHQWDDOHVWH(OLQWHULRUVHFRPSRQHGHXQDSODQWD\WHUUD]DWHQLHQGRODWRUUH
XQDDOWXUDPiV(QHOH[WHULRUD~QVHFRQVHUYDJUDQSDUWHGHOHQIRVFDGRRULJLQDO
6XHVWDGRDFWXDOHVUXLQRVRVLUYLHQGRHOLQWHULRUFRPRYLYLHQGDSUHFDULDGH
XQDIDPLOLD
'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos 1909-1927S
31
(OIXHUWHGH7D[GLUWGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
(VTXLQDQRURHVWHGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOQRURHVWH6HDSUHFLDHOSUHFDULRHVWDGRGHOD
SDUWHVXSHULRUGHODWRUUH
32
/DGRVXUGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOVXU
'HWDOOHGHODSODFDGHODSRUWDGDHQODTXHVHDSUHFLDODIHFKDGH
33
,;02$57&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQRV\
(ODQWLJXRFDPSDPHQWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDGH2VHORFDOL]DMXQWRD
ODFDUUHWHUDTXHXQHSRUHOQRUWH)DUKDQDFRQ6DPPDUDOVXURHVWHGHOIXHUWHGH
7D[GLUW\SUy[LPRDpOFDELODGH%HQL6tFDUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU7HQGUtDFRPR
¿QDOLGDGHOFRQWUROGHHVWHYLDO
&RQVWDGHXQDJDULWDKH[DJRQDOFRQIiEULFDGHPDPSRVWHUtDGHPGHODGR
\FRQVHUYDQGRXQDO]DGRPi[LPRGHP3UHVHQWDDVSLOOHUDVHQWRGDVVXVFDUDV
\HQVXLQWHULRUHVYLVLEOHXQJUDI¿WLFRQODIHFKD³´-XQWRDHOODVHREVHUYDQ
ORVUHVWRVGHORVDSR\RVGHORTXHSXGRKDEHUVLGRODEDUUHUDGHFRQWURO$P
DOVXURHVWHH[LVWHXQDHGL¿FDFLyQUXLQRVDGHXQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR
\DXQRVPDOVXUHVWHGHODJDULWDRWUDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHP
GHODUJR\PGHDQFKRVLELHQFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHUUXLGD'HODPLVPDPDQHUDVH
FRQVHUYDQDOVXUYDULDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVPiV
$FWXDOPHQWHHVWHFRQMXQWRVHHQFXHQWUDWRWDOPHQWHDEDQGRQDGR\PX\DIHFWDGR
SRUODVREUDVGHDFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRGHODPHQFLRQDGDFDUUHWHUD
&RQWLQXDQGR SRU GLFKD FDUUHWHUD XQRV NP DO VXURHVWH VH HQFXHQWUD OD
ORFDOLGDG GH7LIDVRU FDELOD GH %HQL %X *DIDU HQ GRQGH HQ XQD DOWXUD TXH OD
GRPLQDMXQWRDODFDUUHWHUDDOQRUHVWHVHORFDOL]DQORVUHVWRVGHYDULDVWULQFKHUDV
IRUWL¿FDGDVFRQKRUPLJyQSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODOODPDGDLínea PérezTXHIXHURQ
FRQVWUXLGDVGXUDQWHORVDxRVGHODIIª Guerra Mundial3.
(O([SHGLHQWH3LFDVVRODVVRPEUDVGH$QQXDOS
(O*HQHUDO)UDQFRKDEtDWHPLGRXQDLQYDVLyQGHORV$OLDGRVSRUVXDSR\RLQLFLDOD+LWOHU*LO\
*yPH]0HOLOODDSXQWHVGHVXKLVWRULDPLOLWDUS
34
3ODQRGHOD]RQDGH,[RPDUWGXUDQWHORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVEpOLFRVSRVWHULRUHVDO
Desastre de Annual La Legión Española, cincuenta años de historia
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODJDULWDGH,[PRDUWMXQWRDODFDUUHWHUDGHVGHHOVXU
35
'HWDOOHGHODJDULWDGH,[PRDUWGHVGHHOVXU
(GL¿FDFLyQDOVXURHVWHGHODJDULWDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
36
7ULQFKHUDVIRUWL¿FDGDVGHODLínea PérezHQ7LIDVRUGHVGHHOQRURHVWH$OIRQGR
ODORFDOLGDG
'HWDOOHGHXQDGHODVWULQFKHUDVIRUWL¿FDGDVGHODLínea PérezHQ7LIDVRUGHVGHHO
VXURHVWH
37
6,',$+0(7)RUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIRUWtQVHORFDOL]DHQODSDUWHDOWDGHOFHUURGH6LGL$KPHWHO+DFKFDELOD
GH0D]X]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDODGHUHFKDGHODDXWRYtDTXHFRPXQLFD0HOLOOD
FRQ1DGRUFHUFDQR\DDpVWD~OWLPDFLXGDG\WHQLHQGRDVXIUHQWHODSHQtQVXODGHO
$WDOD\yQ6XDFFHVRSXHGHUHDOL]DUVHSRUHOQRUWHDWUDYpVGHODSLVWDTXHERUGHD
HOSDODFLRUHDOVLWXDGRHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHV\SRUHOVXUSRUODSLVWDTXHDVFLHQGH
KDVWDpOGHVGHODVSULPHUDVEDUULDGDVGH1DGRU
/RVDQWHFHGHQWHVGH6LGL$KPHWKD\TXHVLWXDUORVHQMXOLRGHHQTXHVH
FRQYLHUWHHQSRVLFLyQPLOLWDUHVSDxRODGXUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGHOBarranco del Lobo
HQHOPRQWH*XUXJ~FRQYLUWLpQGRVHHQORVSULPHURVGtDVGHHVHFRQÀLFWRHQHO
&XDUWHO*HQHUDOGHO&RPDQGDQWH*HQHUDOGH0HOLOODHOJHQHUDO0DULQD4$SDUWLU
GHHVDVIHFKDVODSRVLFLyQIXHIRUWL¿FDGDSDXODWLQDPHQWHKDVWDFRQYHUWLUVHHQHO
UHFLQWRFRPSDFWRSUHVHQWH\DHQHOYHUDQRGHHQORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGHO
Desastre de Annual.
(OIRUWtQGHGRVSODQWDV\WHUUD]DDOPHQDGDSUHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHP
GHODGRFRQVWUXLGRFRQIiEULFDGHPDPSRVWHUtD\HQIRVFDGRH[WHULRUHPSOHiQGRVH
DVLPLVPRHOODGULOOR/DHQWUDGDVHVLW~DHQHOODGRHVWHFRQFRQVWUXFFLRQHVDQH[DV
SRUHOODGRQRUWHFRPRHODEUHYDGHURVXHORVHPSHGUDGRVHWF
(QODDFWXDOLGDGSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQUXLQRVRDXQTXHFRQOD
HVWUXFWXUDH[WHUQDHQSLHVLHQGRODFDUDVXUODSHRUFRQVHUYDGD(QHOHQIRVFDGR
H[WHULRUVHSXHGHDSUHFLDUODKXHOODGHQXPHURVRVLPSDFWRVGHEDODDWULEXLEOHV
SRVLEOHPHQWHDODVHGLRVXIULGRHQ
'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S
38
9LVWDGHOODGRQRUWHGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOQRUWH6HREVHUYDQODVUXLQDVGHODEUHYD
GHUR
/DGRHVWHGHVGHHOHVWH6HDSUHFLDODHQWUDGD\ODKXHOODGHQXPHURVRVLPSDFWRV
GHEDOD
39
9LVWDGHORVODGRVHVWH\VXUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH6HREVHUYDHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHO
ODGRVXU
40
1$'25$FXDUWHODPLHQWRV
*)5,,QI/DWLWXG¶¶ *)5,&DE/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶ /RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP $OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DFLXGDGGH1DGRUFDELODGH0D]X]D\FDSLWDOGHODSURYLQFLDVHORFDOL]DD

RULOODVGHODODJXQDGHOD0DU&KLFD\HQHOODVHFRQVHUYDQGRVDFXDUWHODPLHQWRV
GHO*UXSRGH)XHU]DV5HJXODUHV,QGtJHQDV0HOLOODQHOGH,QIDQWHUtD\HOGH
&DEDOOHUtD1DGRUIXHRFXSDGDSRUODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGH
GHVSXpVGHORVWUiJLFRVVXFHVRVGHMXOLRHQHOBarranco del Lobo*XUXJ~
(OFXDUWHOGH,QIDQWHUtDFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR
\PGHDQFKRVHORFDOL]DDORHVWHGHODFDUUHWHUDGH0HOLOODD1DGRUMXVWRD
ODHQWUDGDGHODFLXGDG6XRULJHQHVDQWHULRUDVLELHQVHUHFRQVWUX\HURQ
WRGDVVXVLQVWDODFLRQHVDSDUWLUGHFRQSUR\HFWRVDUTXLWHFWyQLFRVQHRiUDEHV\
UDFLRQDOLVWDV5(VWiSURWHJLGRSRUXQDPXUDOODMDORQDGDSRUWRUUHVGHSODQWDFLUFXODU
\HQVXLQWHULRUDXQVHFRQVHUYDQPXFKRVHGL¿FLRVGHVWLQDGRVHQVXPRPHQWR
DUHVLGHQFLDGHWURSD\R¿FLDOLGDGSOD]DVYLDOHVDOMLEHV\GHPiVGHSHQGHQFLDV
DX[LOLDUHV3Uy[LPRDpODORWURODGRGHODFDUUHWHUDVHHQFXHQWUDRWURDQWLJXRUH
FLQWRPLOLWDUHVSDxROKR\RFXSDGRSRUHOHMpUFLWRGH0DUUXHFRV(QVXRULJHQHVWH
UHFLQWRFX\DHQWUDGDHVWiIRUPDGDSRUGRVWRUUHVSROLJRQDOHVÀDQTXHDQGRXQDUFR
IRUPDEDSDUWHGHODVLQVWDODFLRQHVGHOSULPLWLYRFDPSDPHQWRTXHVHFRQYHUWLUtD
SRVWHULRUPHQWHHQHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH5HJXODUHVGH,QIDQWHUtDFRPRVHSXHGH
DSUHFLDUHQODGRFXPHQWDFLyQIRWRJUi¿FDGHODpSRFD
(OFXDUWHOGH&DEDOOHUtDFRQVXVSULQFLSDOHVHGL¿FDFLRQHVFRQVWUXLGDVHQORV
DxRV\VHVLW~DHQHOLQWHULRUGHODFLXGDGMXQWRDODFDUUHWHUDGH7DXLPD\
=HOXiQ(VWiIRUPDGRSRUXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHV
DSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRURGHDGRGHXQPXURSHULPHWUDO
\FRQODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHGRVDOWXUDV\WULSOHDUFDGDSUR\HFWDGDSRUHOLQJHQLHUR
-RVp5DPtUH]HQ6HQVXODGRRHVWH
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHVWRVGRVDQWLJXRVDFXDUWHODPLHQWRVHVSDxROHVVHHQFXHQWUDQ
HQ SUHFDULR HVWDGR GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ HVWDQGR RFXSDGDV ODV LQVWDODFLRQHV GHO GH
,QIDQWHUtDSRUIDPLOLDVULIHxDVTXHKDELWDQHQVXLQWHULRU\FRPSOHWDPHQWHDEDQ
GRQDGRHOGH&DEDOOHUtD
%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo español en el norte de MarruecosS

%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S
41
)RWRDQWHULRUDHQODTXHVHREVHUYDHOFDPSDPHQWRPLOLWDUSUHYLRDOGH5H
JXODUHVGH,QIDQWHUtDRFXSDQGRHOWHUUHQRDXQODGR\RWURGHODSLVWDTXHHQOD]DED
0HOLOODFRQ1DGRU
9LVWDGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH5HJXODUHVGH,QIDQWHUtDHQORVDxRV0RQWHV5D
PRVLos RegularesS
42
([WHULRUGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH5HJXODUHVGH,QIDQWHUtDGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
(PEOHPDGH5HJXODUHVGH,QIDQWHUtDHQODSDUHGGHXQRGHORVHGL¿FLRVLQWHULRUHV

43
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH

'HWDOOHGHODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH,QIDQWHUtDGHVGHHOH[WHULRU

44
9LVWD JHQHUDO GH OD HQWUDGD GHO UHFLQWR DFWXDOPHQWH RFXSDGR SRU HO HMpUFLWR
GH0DUUXHFRVGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
$FXDUWHODPLHQWRGH5HJXODUHVGH&DEDOOHUtD9LVWDGHODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOHQORV
DxRVRegulares, casi un siglo de historia'HIHQVDQS
45
(QWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH5HJXODUHVGH&DEDOOHUtDGHVGHHORHVWH

46
6(*$1*È1$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXG
3ODQR
(ODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH5HJXODUHVGH$OKXFHPDVQVHXELFDDODVDIXHUDVGH
ODORFDOLGDGGH6HJDQJiQFDELODGH%HQL%X,IUXUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUMXQWRDOD
FDUUHWHUDGH=HOXiQ\DXQRVNPDORHVWHGH1DGRU
6HJDQJiQIXHRFXSDGDSRUORVHVSDxROHVHQGHVSXpVGHORVVXFHVRVGH
MXOLRHQHOBarranco del LoboHQHOPRQWH*XUXJ~(Q\FRPRFRQVHFXHQFLD
GHODesastre de AnnualFDHHQSRGHUGHODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVSDUDVHUUHFXSHUDGD
SRVWHULRUPHQWHSRUHOHMpUFLWRHVSDxROHQHORWRxRGHHVHPLVPRDxR
(ODFXDUWHODPLHQWRFRQXQDVPHGLGDVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\
PGHDQFKRVHFRQVWUX\yGHVSXpVGHVREUHHOFDPSDPHQWRH[LVWHQWHFRQ
DQWHULRULGDGGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODU\GLPHQVLRQHVDOJRPiVUHGXFLGDV(OUHFLQWR
DFWXDOVHDPSOLySRUHOVXUHVWHKDVWDDOFDQ]DUHOFDXFHGHXQDUDPEODSRUORTXH
VXWUD]DGRHQHVWHODGRHVLUUHJXODU(VGHJUDQGHVGLPHQVLRQHV\HVWiURGHDGR
GHPXUR\YDULRVWRUUHRQHVFLUFXODUHV(QHOLQWHULRUDOUHGHGRUGHXQDJUDQSOD
]DGHDUPDVFHQWUDOH[LVWHQQXPHURVDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVHQODVTXHD~QVHSXHGHQ
DSUHFLDU ORV UHVWRV GH VX SDVDGR HVSOHQGRU$ SHVDU GH VX HVWDGR GH DEDQGRQR
DXQQRVDVRPEUDODSURIXVDGHFRUDFLyQFRQTXHVHOHGRWyHQODTXHGHVWDFDQORV
D]XOHMRVFRQLQÀXHQFLDVVHYLOODQD\JUDQDGLQD\ODV\HVHUtDVGHWUDGLFLyQQD]DUt
$VLPLVPRWRGDYtDVRQUHFRQRFLEOHVODHOHJDQWHSLVFLQD\YHVWXDULRVODSpUJROD
\ RWUDV FRQVWUXFFLRQHV DX[LOLDUHV FRPR HO HGL¿FLR GH ODV FXDGUDV GH JUDQGHV
GLPHQVLRQHV*UDQSDUWHGHODD]XOHMHUtDFLWDGDIXHVXPLQLVWUDGDSRUODHPSUHVD
PHOLOOHQVHGHPDWHULDOHVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQCasa MontesTXHVLJXHH[LVWLHQGRHQ
ODDFWXDOLGDG7/DHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOVHVLW~DHQODHVTXLQDQRUWH\VHFRPSRQHGH
GRVWRUUHVRFWRJRQDOHVÀDQTXHDQGRXQDUFRGHKHUUDGXUDDSXQWDGR\SROLFURPDGR
(VWDHQWUDGDFRQVWUXLGDHQORVDxRVFRQHVWpWLFDQHRiUDEHSDUHFHUHSURGXFLU
ODSXHUWDGH&KHOODHQ5DEDW8.
$QH[RDODFXDUWHODPLHQWRVHVLW~DHODQWLJXRUHFLQWRGHSRUWLYRHQHOTXHD~Q
VHFRQVHUYDQHQWUHRWURVXQFDPSRGHI~WEROGHWLHUUD\XQIURQWyQ$VLPLVPR
(QQXHVWURUHFRUULGRSRUHOLQWHULRUGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRREVHUYDPRVFyPRHQHOOXJDUGHMDGRSRU
YDULRVD]XOHMRVFDtGRVDSDUHFtDHQHOQHJDWLYRHOQRPEUH³-XDQ0RQWHV0HOLOOD´
%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S
47
MXQWRDHVWHUHFLQWRVHORFDOL]DXQDJUDQH[SODQDGDFRQXQDWULEXQDVREUHSLODUHV
FX\R¿QSXGRKDEHUVLGRHOGHSUHVHQFLDUSUXHEDVKtSLFDV\VHUYLUFRPRHVSDFLR
GHVWLQDGRDODXELFDFLyQGHODVDXWRULGDGHVHQODVSDUDGDVPLOLWDUHV9.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHODQWLJXRUHFLQWRGH5HJXODUHVGH$OKXFHPDVQVHFRQVHUYD
GHWHULRUDGR\HQSUHFDULRHVWDGRKDELHQGRVLGRDSURYHFKDGDVVXVHGL¿FDFLRQHV
LQWHULRUHVFRPRYLYLHQGD
$ORQVRUn mito, Segangán$UPDV\PXQLFLRQHVQS
48
)RWRGHORVDxRVHQODTXHVHDSUHFLDXQDIRUPDFLyQGHODQXEDGH5HJXODUHVQ
IUHQWHDODHQWUDGDQRUHVWH0RQWHV5DPRVLos RegularesS
)RWRGHORVDxRVGHODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOÈOEXPIRWRJUi¿FRGH5REHUWR3OD
9LYDQFRHQZZZUHJXODUHVFRP
49
(QWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHVGHHOQRUWH
&ROXPQDWD GHFRUDGD FRQ D]XOHMRV JUDQDGLQRV HQ HO LQWHULRU GHVGH HO QRUHVWH

50
3DUWH VXSHULRU GH OD HQWUDGD DO HGL¿FLR GH OD 5HVLGHQFLD GH 6XER¿FLDOHV
GHVGHHOQRUHVWH
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOWRUUHyQGHODHVTXLQDVXUHVWHMXQWRDOFDXFHGHODUDPEODGHVGH
HOVXU
51
(QWUDGDDOD]RQDGHODVFXDGUDVGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
(QWUDGDLQWHULRUGHODVFXDGUDVGHVGHHOQRUWH
52
9LVWDGHOIURQWyQ\HOFDPSRGHI~WEROGHVGHHOHVWH
9LVWD GH OD WULEXQD \ OD H[SODQDGD MXQWR DO UHFLQWR GHSRUWLYR GHVGH HO QRUHVWH

53
$7/$7e1)RUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIRUWtQVHORFDOL]DEDHQODSDUWHDOWDGHORVULVFRVTXHGRPLQDQ6HJDQJiQSRUHO
QRURHVWHFDELODGH%HQLEX,IUXUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpV
GHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHDVFLHQGHKDVWDHO*XUXJ~
$WODWpQVHFRQYLUWLyHQSRVHVLyQHVSDxRODD¿QDOHVGHQRYLHPEUHGH
FRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHORVDYDQFHVPLOLWDUHVKDFLDHO*XUXJ~WUDVORVVXFHVRVGHO
Barranco del LoboFRQYLUWLpQGRVHHQXQOXJDUHVWUDWpJLFRTXHGRPLQDEDODVFR
PXQLFDFLRQHVHQWUHODVGRVYHUWLHQWHVGHOPDFL]R10.
(OIRUWtQFRQVWUXLGRFRQDQWHULRULGDGDOYHUDQRGHVHFRQIRUPDEDFRPR
XQUHFLQWRUHFWDQJXODUGHXQDSODQWD\WHUUD]DDOPHQDGD'LVSRQtDGHGRVWRUUHR
QHV FLUFXODUHV HQ HVTXLQDV FRQWUDULDV HVWDQGR HO HVSDFLR H[WHULRU HPSHGUDGR \
DWHUUD]DGR$VLPLVPRFRQWDEDFRQXQSDUDSHWRDOPHQDGRTXHGRPLQDEDGHVGHOR
DOWRHOYDOOHGH6HJDQJiQ
(QODDFWXDOLGDGQRTXHGDQUHVWRVGHODQWLJXRIRUWtQQLGHOSDUDSHWR\DTXHHQ
VXOXJDUVHHVWiQUHDOL]DQGRREUDVGHXUEDQL]DFLyQFRQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHYDULDV
HGL¿FDFLRQHV$~QDVtWRGDYtDSXHGHQDSUHFLDUVHORVUHVWRVGHORVHPSHGUDGRV
H[WHULRUHVGHOIRUWtQ
10 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S
54
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODUHRFXSDFLyQGHOIRUWtQWUDVORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGH
9LVWDGHOHPSHGUDGRH[WHULRU\ODHGL¿FDFLyQDFWXDOTXHRFXSDHOVRODUGHODQWLJXR
IRUWtQGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
55
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODFUHVWDGH$WODWpQGHVGHHOVXU
56
7$8,0$$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(ODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHOD/HJLyQVHVLW~DMXQWRDODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGH
ODFDUUHWHUD1DGRU=HOXiQFDELODGH%HQL6tFDUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRURFXSDQGR
SRUFRPSOHWRODFROLQDGH7DXLPDeVWDIXHWRPDGDSRUODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVHQ
VHSWLHPEUHGHFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVDFFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVSRVWHULRUHVD
ORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGHOBarranco del LoboHQHOPRQWH*XUXJ~(QVHSWLHPEUH
GHWUDVXQEUHYHSHULRGRHQSRGHUGHORVULIHxRVVHUtDUHRFXSDGDGHQXHYR
)XHFRQVWUXLGRGHVSXpVGHVREUHHOFDPSDPHQWRDQWHULRU6HWUDWDGHXQ
UHFLQWROLJHUDPHQWHRYDODGRFRQXQDVPHGLGDVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR
\PGHDQFKRFRQPXURSHULPHWUDO\HQWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHWHQGHQFLDKLVWRUL
FLVWDPHGLHYDOL]DQWHRULHQWDGDDOHVWH'LFKDHQWUDGDHVWiGH¿QLGDSRUGRVWRUUHV
SROLJRQDOHV XQD PiV DOWD TXH OD RWUD ÀDQTXHDQGR XQ DUFR /D PD\RUtD GH ODV
LQVWDODFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVFRPRODVYLYLHQGDVSDUDR¿FLDOHVORVSDEHOORQHVGHWURSD
ORVDOPDFHQHV\ODSLVFLQDVHUHDOL]DURQHQWUHORVDxRV\FRQSUR\HFWRVGH
ORVLQJHQLHURVPLOLWDUHV0RGHVWR6iQFKH]/ORUHQV-RVp0DXU\&DUYDMDO6DQWLDJR
1RUHxDGHOD&iPDUD\(GXDUGR&RORPHU0ROLQRV11.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHOD/HJLyQHVWiRFXSDGRSRU
HO HMpUFLWR PDUURTXt VLHQGR XQR GH ORV SRFRV UHFLQWRV PLOLWDUHV HVSDxROHV TXH
FRQWLQ~DQDFWXDOPHQWHHQXVR
11 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S
57
)RWRGHODRFXSDFLyQGHODSRVLFLyQGH7DXLPDWUDVORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOHQ
$FXDUWHODPLHQWR GH7DXLPD RFXSDGR HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG SRU HO HMpUFLWR PDUURTXt

58
=(/8È1$OFD]DEDVLJOR;9,,,
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DDOFD]DEDVHXELFDHQODSREODFLyQGH=HOXiQFDELODGH%HQL%X,IUXUSUR
YLQFLDGH1DGRUHQXQDSHTXHxDOODQDGDHOHYDGDTXHDSURYHFKDODGHIHQVDQDWXUDO
TXHFRQVWLWX\HSRUHOVXU\HOHVWHHOFXUVRGHOUtR=HOXiQ
6HWUDWDGHXQDIRUWDOH]DFRQVWUXLGDHQHOVLJOR;9,,,HQWLHPSRVGHO6XOWiQ
0XOD\,VPDLO\RFXSDGD\UHXWLOL]DGDPLOLWDUPHQWHSRUODVIXHU]DV
HVSDxRODVHQ$SULQFLSLRVGHOVLJOR;;IXHFXDUWHOJHQHUDOGH<LODOL0RKDP
PDGHO<XV¿HO=HUKXQLFRQRFLGRFRPR(O5RJKL%X+DPDUDIDOVRSUHWHQGLHQWH
DOWURQRPDUURTXt12'XUDQWHORVGtDVSRVWHULRUHVDODesastre de AnnualHQ
\WUDVODWRPDGH=HOXiQSRUODVWURSDVULIHxDVVHSURGXMHURQHQHOLQWHULRUGHHVWH
UHFLQWRQXPHURVRVDFWRVVDQJULHQWRVGHYHQJDQ]DKDFLDORVSULVLRQHURVHVSDxROHV
WDQWRFLYLOHVFRPRPLOLWDUHV
3UHVHQWDHQSODQWDODIRUPDGHXQWUDSHFLRLVyVFHOHVFRQRULHQWDFLyQQRUHVWH
VXURHVWH\XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR
\FRQODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOHQHOODGRQRUHVWHTXHHVHOGHPD\RUORQJLWXG/DPX
UDOODSHULPHWUDODOPHQDGD\FRQSDVHRGHURQGDFXHQWDFRQFXHUSRVWXUULIRUPHV
DGRVDGRVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGLH]SRUFDGDODGR(QVXLQWHULRUDXQVHFRQVHUYDQ
DOJXQDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVGHODpSRFDGHO3URWHFWRUDGRUHDSURYHFKDGDVDKRUDFRPR
YLYLHQGDV(QHVWDIRUWDOH]DVHUHDOL]yXQDGHODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVDUTXLWHFWyQLFDV
HVSDxRODVPiVDQWLJXDVHQHVWD]RQDGHO5LIFRPRIXHHOFDVRGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQ
HQGHOVDOyQGHOWURQRGHOIDOVRSUHWHQGLHQWHD6XOWiQGH0DUUXHFRVHO\D
FLWDGR5RJKL%X+DPDUD13(VWDHGL¿FDFLyQVHHQFXHQWUD\DGHVDSDUHFLGD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQGHHVWDIRUWDOH]DHVEDVWDQWHPDOR
FRQPXFKDVGHVXVWRUUHVHQFRPSOHWDUXLQD\FRQODVSRFDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV
TXHD~QVHFRQVHUYDQRFXSDGDVFRPRSUHFDULDVYLYLHQGDV
12 0DGDULDJDEspaña y el Rif, crónica de una historia casi olvidadaSS

59
3ODQRDQWLJXRGH=HOXiQ%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S
)RWR GH OD HQWUDGD SULQFLSDO WUDV OD UHRFXSDFLyQ HVSDxROD GH =HOXiQ HQ
3DQGRLa pesadilla del Gurugú+LVWRULDQS
60
9LVWDGHODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOODGRVXURHVWHGHODPXUDOODGHVGHHORHVWH
61
9LVWDGHOSDVHRGHURQGDLQWHULRUGHOODGRVXURHVWHGHODPXUDOODGHVGHHOVXUHVWH

(GL¿FDFLRQHV LQWHULRUHV GH OD pSRFD GHO 3URWHFWRUDGR HQ OD HVTXLQD
HVWHGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
62
%8*8(1=(,1)RUWtQ\FDPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DVIRUWL¿FDFLRQHVVHORFDOL]DQHQXQFHUURVLWXDGRYDULRVNLOyPHWURVDOQR
URHVWHGH=HOXiQFDELODGH%HQL%X,IUXUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDODGHUHFKDGHOD
FDUUHWHUDTXHFRPXQLFDHVWDFLXGDGFRQ6HJDQJiQ6HDFFHGHDpODWUDYpVGHXQD
SLVWDTXHOOHYDKDVWDHOFHUURGHVGHODORFDOLGDGGH,EXJXHULQHQ
6HRFXSyPLOLWDUPHQWHD¿QDOHVGHVHSWLHPEUHGHGHQWURGHODVRSHUDFLR
QHVSRVWHULRUHVDORVVXFHVRVGHOBarranco del LoboHVWDEOHFLpQGRVHHQWRQFHVXQ
GHVWDFDPHQWRGH$UWLOOHUtDDOPDQGRGHOFDSLWiQ-XDQ%HQtWH]14&RQDQWHULRULGDG
DODesastre de AnnualHOUHFLQWRHVWDEDIRUPDGRSRUHOIRUWtQ\XQFDPSDPHQWR
VLWXDGRDOVXURHVWHFD\HQGRHQSRGHUGHODVIXHU]DVGH$EGHO.ULPFRPRODPD\RU
SDUWHGHOWHUULWRULRHQHOYHUDQRGH6XUHFXSHUDFLyQVHSURGXFLUiHQRFWXEUH
GHHVHPLVPRDxRVLHQGRQHFHVDULRSDUDHOORHOHPSOHRGHXQDHURSODQRFRQHO¿Q
GHERPEDUGHDUODSRVLFLyQ\GREOHJDUDVtDORVGHIHQVRUHVULIHxRV15(QORVDxRV
FRLQFLGLHQGRFRQODII Guerra MundialVHUHDOL]DURQREUDVGHIRUWL¿FDFLyQ
IRUPDQGRSDUWHGHOVLVWHPDGHIHQVLYRFRQRFLGRFRPRLínea Pérez.
(OIRUWtQFRQVWUXLGRHQPDPSRVWHUtDSUHVHQWDSODQWDFLUFXODUGHXQRVPGH
GLiPHWUR\GRVDOWXUDVDVSLOOHUDGDV$OVXURHVWHDXQRVPVHVLW~DHOFDP
SDPHQWRDQH[RFRQVWUXLGRFRQPDPSRVWHUtDGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODU\RULHQWDFLyQ
QRUWHVXUFRQGRVJDULWDVFXDGUDGDVHQODVHVTXLQDVQRURHVWH\VXUHVWHGHOSDUDSHWR
SHULPHWUDO\XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQ
ODHQWUDGDVLWXDGDDOQRUWH+DFLDHOVXUDXQRVPGHOFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]D
XQE~QNHUVHPLFLUFXODUGHKRUPLJyQSHUWHQHFLHQWHSRVLEOHPHQWHDORVVLVWHPDV
GHIHQVLYRVGHSULQFLSLRVGHORVDxRVFRQODHQWUDGDDOQRUHVWH\HOSDVLOORGH
DFFHVRVXEWHUUiQHR
$FWXDOPHQWHHOFRPSOHMRIRUWL¿FDGRVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQ
GRQDGR 7DQWR HO IRUWtQ FRPR HO FDPSDPHQWR HVWiQ FRPSOHWDPHQWH GHUUXLGRV
FRQVHUYiQGRVH ~QLFDPHQWH ORV FLPLHQWRV 0HMRU HVWDGR SUHVHQWD HO E~QNHU HQ
FX\RLQWHULRUD~QSXHGHDSUHFLDUVHHOHPEOHPDGHO$UPDGH,QJHQLHURV(QVXV
SUR[LPLGDGHVKDFLDHOVXUKDVLGRFRQVWUXLGRUHFLHQWHPHQWHXQGHSyVLWRGHDJXD

15 9HU)UDQFR%DKDPRQGHDiario de una Bandera
63
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODUHRFXSDFLyQGHOIRUWtQGH%XJXHQ=HLQD¿QDOHVGH
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHOIRUWtQ(QWUHHOJUXSRGHOHJLRQDULRVVHSXHGH
DSUHFLDUDOFRPDQGDQWH5RGUtJXH])RQWiQH]DODL]TXLHUGD\FRQSULVPiWLFRV
64
9LVWDGHOIRUWtQFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHUUXLGRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
65
'HWDOOH GHO HVWDGR UXLQRVR GHO SDUDSHWR SHULPHWUDO GHVGH HO VXURHVWH
$OIRQGRODVUXLQDVGHOIRUWtQ
9LVWDGHOE~QNHUGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
66
9LVWD JHQHUDO GHO FHUUR GH %XJXHQ =HLQ GHVGH HO VXURHVWH 6H REVHUYD HO
GHSyVLWRGHDJXDFRQVWUXLGRUHFLHQWHPHQWH
67
%$6%(/)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHVLW~DHQODFLPDGHO3LFR%DVEHOHQOD]RQDVHSWHQWULRQDOGHOPD
FL]RGHO*XUXJ~FDELODGH0D]X]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6HDFFHGHDpODWUDYpV
GHXQDFDUUHWHUDTXHDQWHVGHOOHJDUDOFROODGRGH+DUG~VHGHVYtDDODGHUHFKD
GHODTXHHQOD]D)DUKDQDFRQ6HJDQJiQ(VHOIXHUWHVLWXDGRDPD\RUDOWLWXGGH
ORVFRQVHUYDGRVHQHO*XUXJ~\GHVGHpOVHWLHQHXQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDOGHO
%DUUDQFRGHO/RER)DUKDQD%HQL(Q]DU\0HOLOOD
6HFRQVWUX\yFRQIiEULFDGHPDPSRVWHUtDFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDODesastre de
AnnualGHMXQWRDORVUHVWRVGHODHGL¿FDFLyQHVWDEOHFLGDFRPRHOUHVWRGH
SRVLFLRQHVGHO*XUXJ~HQODSULPDYHUDGHWUDVORVVXFHVRVGHOBarranco del
Lobo16HPSOHiQGRVHDVLPLVPRHOKRUPLJyQ\YLJDVPHWiOLFDVFRPRHOHPHQWRV
VXVWHQWDQWHV6HWUDWDGHXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQSHQWDJRQDOLUUHJXODUFRQRULHQWDFLyQ
QRURHVWHVXUHVWHGHXQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRGHXQDDOWXUD\WHUUD]D
\XQSHTXHxRSDWLRFHQWUDO3UHVHQWDGRVWRUUHVSHQWDJRQDOHVDOPHQDGDVHQVXV
iQJXORVQRUHVWH\VXURHVWHFRQGRVSODQWDV\WHUUD]DODSULPHUD\WUHVSODQWDV\
WHUUD]DODVHJXQGD3UHVHQWDDVSLOOHUDVDSDLVDGDVLQYHUWLGDVHQWRGDVVXVFDUDV\
HODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUVXODGRVXUDWUDYpVGHXQDHVFDOLQDWD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGRDXQTXHHQEXHQHVWDGRGHFRQVHU
YDFLyQKDELpQGRVHLQVWDODGRHQVXLQWHULRUGRVDQWHQDVGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV
68
3ODQRGHOD]RQDGHO*XUXJ~HQLa Le-
gión Española…,
(O3LFR%DVEHOWUDVVXWRPDHQ
69
)RWR GH OD RFXSDFLyQ GHO 3LFR %DVEHO WUDV ORV VXFHVRV GH$QQXDO GH 6H
REVHUYDQEDMRODFLPDORVUHVWRVGHODHGL¿FDFLyQSUHYLDDODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHO
IXHUWH
9LVWDGHOIXHUWH%DVEHOHQWUHODQLHEODGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
70
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHODSODQWDGHOUHFLQWRFHQWUDOGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
9LVWDGHOSDWLRFHQWUDOGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
71
9LVWDGHOODGRVXUHVWHGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIXHUWH%DVEHOGHVGHHOIXHUWH.ROODGHVGHHOVXUHVWH(QHOFHQ
WURHO%DUUDQFRGHO/RER
72
.2//$)RUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
3HTXHxRIRUWtQXELFDGRVREUHODFXPEUHKRPyQLPDTXHIRUPDEDSDUWHGHO
VLVWHPDGHIHQVLYR\GHFRQWUROGHOD]RQDVHSWHQWULRQDOGHOPDFL]RGHO*XUXJ~
FDELODGH0D]X]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6HDFFHGHDpODWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXH
SDUWHHQGLUHFFLyQHVWHGHOFROODGRGH+DUG~SDVDQGRMXQWRDODFXDUWHODPLHQWR
GHOPLVPRQRPEUH'HVGHpOVHWLHQHXQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDOGH1DGRU\GHOD
ODJXQDGH0DU&KLFD
6HFRQVWUX\yFRQIiEULFDGHPDPSRVWHUtDFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDO'HVDVWUHGH$Q
QXDOGHHPSOHiQGRVHDVLPLVPRHOKRUPLJyQFRQHQWUDPDGRPHWiOLFRSDUDOD
VXVWHQWDFLyQGHOSLVRGHODWHUUD]DVXSHULRU3UHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHXQRVP
GHODGR\XQDWRUUHFLUFXODUHQODHVTXLQDVXURHVWH/DSODQWDEDMDRIUHFHHQWRGDV
VXVFDUDVYDQRVGHDPSOLDVGLPHQVLRQHVHVWDQGRVLWXDGDODSXHUWDGHHQWUDGDHQ
ODIDFKDGDQRUWH/DWHUUD]DVXSHULRUVHHQFXHQWUDGHIHQGLGDSRUXQPXURFRQWLQXR
DVSLOOHUDGRDOLJXDOTXHORHVWiOD~QLFDWRUUHGHODIRUWDOH]D/DSLVWDTXHDVFLHQGH
KDVWDHOIXHUWHHQVXSDUWH¿QDOVHHQFXHQWUDUHPDWDGDFRQPXURVGHFRQWHQFLyQ
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGRDXQTXHSUHVHQWDXQEXHQHVWDGRGH
FRQVHUYDFLyQDOPDQWHQHUVHHQSLHODSUiFWLFDWRWDOLGDGGHVXHVWUXFWXUD
73
)RWR GH OD RFXSDFLyQ GHO 3LFR .ROOD WUDV ORV VXFHVRV GH$QQXDO GH /RV
VROGDGRVHVWiQVREUHHOSHxyQHQHOTXHVHFRQVWUX\ySRVWHULRUPHQWHHOIRUWtQ
9LVWDGHOIRUWtQ.ROODGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
74
9LVWDGHODHVTXLQDVXURHVWHGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOVXURHVWH6HREVHUYDOD~QLFDWRUUH

'HWDOOHGHOPXURGHFRQWHQFLyQGHODSLVWDGHDFFHVRGHVGHHOQRUWH
75
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIRUWtQGH.ROODGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
76
+$5'Ò$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HWUDWDGHXQUHFLQWRFDPSDPHQWDOXELFDGRHQXQUHOODQRFXPEUHURSUy[LPR
DO3LFR.ROODDOVXURHVWHFDELODGH0D]X]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6HDFFHGHD
pODWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHHQGLUHFFLyQHVWHGHOFROODGRGH+DUG~\TXH
DVLPLVPRVLUYHSDUDDFFHGHUDOIXHUWH.ROOD'HVGHpOVHWLHQHXQDPSOLRGRPLQLR
YLVXDOGHO%DUUDQFRGHO/RER0HOLOOD1DGRU\OD0DU&KLFD
(VWHDFXDUWHODPLHQWRFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR
\PGHDQFKRIXHIXQGDGRHQODSULPDYHUDGHXQDYH]¿QDOL]DGRVORV
VXFHVRV EpOLFRV GHO DxR DQWHULRU17 6X ORFDOL]DFLyQ SHUPLWH XQ UiSLGR DFFHVR DO
HVWUDWpJLFRFROODGRGH+DUG~TXHGLYLGHODVYHUWLHQWHVVHSWHQWULRQDO\PHULGLRQDO
GHOPDFL]RGHO*XUXJ~(QHOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLQWRURGHDGRGHPXURGHSURWHFFLyQ
SHULPHWUDOGHVWDFDODSUHVHQFLDGHXQDLPSRQHQWHSOD]DGHDUPDVHQORVDGD6HFRQ
VHUYDQSRUORJHQHUDOHQPDODVFRQGLFLRQHVGLYHUVRVEDUUDFRQHV\FRQVWUXFFLRQHV
DX[LOLDUHVDOMLEHV\OHWULQDVGHORTXHGHELyVHUXQLPSRUWDQWHFDPSDPHQWRDVt
FRPRRWUDVGHSHQGHQFLDVVXEWHUUiQHDV(VWHUHFLQWRDEDQGRQDGRHQSRUOD
/HJLyQIXHHO~OWLPRHQHOTXHRQGHyODEDQGHUDHVSDxRODWUDVODLQGHSHQGHQFLD
GH0DUUXHFRVGH18.
(QVXVSUR[LPLGDGHVHODUTXHyORJR&DUORV3RVDF0RQORFDOL]yDPHGLDGRV
GHOVLJOR;;YHVWLJLRVDUTXHROyJLFRVGHO3DOHROtWLFR\1HROtWLFR19.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGR\HQHVWDGRUXLQRVRDXQTXHD~QVH
SXHGHDSUHFLDUEXHQDSDUWHGHVXVLQVWDODFLRQHV

18 ,QIRUPDFLyQIDFLOLWDGDSRUHOVXEWHQLHQWH0RUHQRHQFDUJDGRGHO0XVHRGH&DEUHUL]DV$OWDV
GXUDQWHQXHVWUDYLVLWDGHGLFLHPEUHGHDODFXDUWHODPLHQWRPHOLOOHQVHGHO7HUFLRGran Capitán
GHOD/HJLyQ
19 3DUDFRQRFHUODREUDGHHVWHDUTXHyORJRXQDEXHQDUHIHUHQFLDHV%UDYR\%HOOYHUHGLWRUHV
Prehistoria del Rif oriental en la obra de Carlos Posac Mon0HOLOOD
77
)RWRGHODRFXSDFLyQGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWR+DUG~WUDVORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGH
(QODHVTXLQDVXSHULRUL]TXLHUGDVHDSUHFLDHO3LFR.ROODD~QVLQIRUWL¿FDU
9LVWDGHODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHVGHHOVXURHVWH$OIRQGRHOIXHUWH.ROOD
78
$FFHVRDODSOD]DGHDUPDVHQORVDGDGHVGHHOQRUHVWH$ODGHUHFKDHODOMLEH$O
IRQGRHOHGL¿FLRGHODVOHWULQDV
'HWDOOHGHODVOHWULQDV
79
$FFHVRDODVGHSHQGHQFLDVVXEWHUUiQHDVGHVGHHOVXURHVWH6HDSUHFLDODIHFKDGH
VREUHODHQWUDGD
80
7,=,7$48,5$67)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHVLW~DVREUHXQDGHODVDOWXUDVGHODVHVWULEDFLRQHVPHULGLRQDOHV
GHO*XUXJ~FDELODGH%HQL6tFDUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU\VHDFFHGHDpODWUDYpVGH
XQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHHQOD]DHOFROODGRGH+DUG~FRQ
6HJDQJiQDQWHVGHOOHJDUDODPHVHWDGH7D[XGD
(VWDIRUWL¿FDFLyQGHSODQWDKHSWDJRQDO\FRQVWUXLGDFRPRHOUHVWRGHODVGHO
HQWRUQRGHO*XUXJ~GXUDQWHODSULPHUDPLWDGGH20VRUSUHQGHSRUVXLPSR
QHQWHDVSHFWRLQWHULRU\QRVUHFXHUGDORVJUDQGHVHVIXHU]RVTXHVXFRQVWUXFFLyQ
GHELyUHTXHULU(OOXJDUHOHJLGRSDUDVXXELFDFLyQQRGRPLQDHQDOWXUDVXHQWRUQR
SUy[LPRSRUORTXHODVREUDVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQH[LJLHURQODH[FDYDFLyQHQODURFD
YLYDGHOSURSLRUHFLQWRLQWHUQR\GHOIRVRSHULPHWUDO/DHQWUDGDHVWDUtDRULHQWDGD
DORHVWH(QHOLQWHULRUGHVWDFDODUDPSDGHDFFHVRDOSDVHRGHURQGDTXHGRPLQDUtD
HOIRVRH[WHULRUUDPSDTXHVLJXHORVPRGHORVSURSLRVGHDOJXQRVGHORVIXHUWHV
PHOLOOHQVHVGHOVLJOR;,;
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVXHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQHVGHUXLQD\DEDQGRQRVLELHQ
D~QSXHGHQREVHUYDUVHSHUIHFWDPHQWHVXVHVWUXFWXUDVLQWHULRUHV\HOIRVRSHULPHWUDO
81
9LVWDGHOIRVRSHULPHWUDOGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDGHOIRVRSHULPHWUDO\ODHQWUDGDGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
82
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOQRUWH6HDSUHFLDODUDPSDGHDFFHVRHQHO
FHQWUR
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIXHUWHGH7L]L7DTXLUDVWGHVGHHOQRUWH
83
7$;8'$)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHORFDOL]DHQHOH[WUHPRRHVWHGHODPHVHWDGH7D[XGDHQODYHUWLHQWH
VXUGHO*XUXJ~FDELODGH%HQL6tFDUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU\VXDFFHVRVHUHDOL]D
SRUXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHGHOiUHDUHFUHDWLYDVLWXDGDMXQWRDODFDUUHWHUDTXHGHVFLHQGH
GHOFROODGRGH+DUG~(QWUHHOiUHDUHFUHDWLYD\HOIXHUWHVHXELFDQORVUHVWRVGHOD
DQWLJXDFLXGDGURPDQDGH7D[XGD/DIRUWL¿FDFLyQWLHQHXQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDO
VREUHODVYHUWLHQWHVPHULGLRQDO\RFFLGHQWDOGHO*XUXJ~
(OIXHUWHIXHFRQVWUXLGRWUDVHODesastre de AnnualVREUHODSRVLFLyQH[LVWHQWH
DQWHVGH\FRPRpVWDDSURYHFKyORVPDWHULDOHVSpWUHRVGHODDQWLJXDFLXGDG
URPDQD6HWUDWDGHXQUHFLQWRFXDGUDGRGRWDGRFRQXQDWRUUHFLUFXODUHQVXLQWHULRU
ODFXDOFXHQWDFRQGRVSODQWDVDVSLOOHUDGDV\WHUUD]DDOPHQDGD(ODFFHVRDODWRUUH
VHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDVHVFDOHUDVVLWXDGDVHQHOODGRRHVWH\HQVXLQWHULRUVRQ
YLVLEOHVODVYLJDVPHWiOLFDVHPSOHDGDVSDUDODVXVWHQWDFLyQGHOSLVRGHODVSODQWDV
/DRFXSDFLyQHVSDxRODGHODPHVHWDGH7D[XGDWUDVORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOUHTXLULy
HOHPSOHRGHO7HUFLRGH([WUDQMHURVGHOD/HJLyQIXHU]DPLOLWDUGHFKRTXHUHFLpQ
FUHDGDXQDxRDQWHVHQDQWHODIXHUWHUHVLVWHQFLDRSXHVWDSRUORVULIHxRV21.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGSUHVHQWDXQSUHFDULRHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQHVWDQGRGHUUXLGR
HOLQWHULRUGHODWRUUH
21 3DUDXQDDSUR[LPDFLyQDOGHVDUUROORGHODLQWHUYHQFLyQPLOLWDUHQHO5LIWUDVORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDO
GHYHU)UDQFR%DKDPRQGHDiario de una Bandera
84
)RWRGHODSRVLFLyQGH7D[XGDWUDVVXUHRFXSDFLyQHQEl Expediente Picas-

so. Las sombras de Annual
(OIXHUWHGH7D[XGDGHVGHHOHVWH
85
'HWDOOH GH ODV HVFDOHUDV GH DFFHVR D OD WRUUH

GHVGHHOQRUWH
'HWDOOHGHOLQWHULRUGHODWRUUH6HDSUHFLDQODVYLJDVPHWiOLFDVGHVXVWHQWDFLyQ

86
18(675$6(f25$'(/&$50(1)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHORFDOL]DDOQRUHVWHGHOPRQWH8L[iQHQXQSHTXHxRUHOODQRDOSLH
GHODVSULPHUDVHVWULEDFLRQHVGHGLFKRPRQWHFDELODGH%HQL%X,IUXUSURYLQFLD
GH1DGRU&XHQWDFRQEXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOQRUWH]RQDGH6DJDQJiQ\
$WODWpQ\KDFLDHORHVWH]RQDGH%HQL6tGHO6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHOD
FDUUHWHUDDQWLJXDSLVWDPLQHUDHVSDxRODTXHSDUWHDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD
6HJDQJiQ.DQGXVVL SRFR GHVSXpV GHO FUXFH FRQ OD FDUUHWHUD FRVWHUD 5RFDGH
$QWHVGHOOHJDUKDVWDpOVHDWUDYLHVDQYDULDVSREODFLRQHVKHUHGHUDVGHORVDQWLJXRV
SREODGRVPLQHURVGHODpSRFDHVSDxROD
/RVUHFLQWRVIRUWL¿FDGRVGHOPRQWH8L[iQVHHVWDEOHFLHURQDSDUWLUGH
SRFRWLHPSRGHVSXpVGH¿QDOL]DUORVVXFHVRVEpOLFRVGHODxRDQWHULRU22SURYRFD
GRVSRUHODWDTXHULIHxRDODVREUDVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHOIHUURFDUULOPLQHUR)XHURQ
FRQVWUXLGRVSRUODCEMRCompañía Española de Minas del RifSDUDTXHIXHVHQ
XWLOL]DGRVSRUHOHMpUFLWRFRQHO¿QGHSURSRUFLRQDUGHIHQVDDODDFWLYLGDGPLQHUD23.
(OIXHUWHGH1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHO&DUPHQFXPSOLyFRQVXIXQFLyQPLOLWDUGXUDQWH
DOJXQRVDxRVVLELHQHQORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDODesastre de AnnualGH
SHUPDQHFtDHQHVWDGRGHDEDQGRQR24&RPRORVUHVWDQWHVIXHUWHVGHO8L[iQ\GHOD
PD\RUSDUWHGHOWHUULWRULRGH0HOLOODFD\yHQPDQRVULIHxDVWUDVORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRV
FLWDGRVVLHQGRGHQXHYRUHFXSHUDGRFRPRORVGHPiVGHO8L[iQD¿QDOHVGHHVH
PLVPRDxRSRUXQDIXHU]DIRUPDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHSRUVROGDGRVGHOD/HJLyQR
7HUFLRGH([WUDQMHURV25.
(OIXHUWHGHO&DUPHQSUHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHPGHODGR\RULHQWDFLyQ
QRUHVWHVXURHVWH(VWDEDFRQVWUXLGRHQPDPSRVWHUtD\FRQVWDEDHQVXRULJHQGH
XQDSODQWD\WHUUD]DDPEDVDVSLOOHUDGDVSDWLRLQWHULRU\GRVWRUUHVFXDGUDGDVHQ
ODVHVTXLQDVQRUWH\VXUFRURQDGDVFRQGRVJDULWDVFLUFXODUHVHQORViQJXORV/D
HQWUDGDVHVLWXDEDHQHOODGRVXURHVWHFRQHOQRPEUHGHOIXHUWHEDMRODVVLJODVGH

23 9LGDO\$OEHULFKLos ferrocarriles en los protectorados y colonias españolas en ÁfricaS
24 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S
25 99$$La Legión Española (cincuenta años de historia)S3DUDHOGHVDUUROORGHHVWRV
DFRQWHFLPLHQWRVFRQYLHQHDVLPLVPRYHU)UDQFR%DKDPRQGHDiario de una Bandera
87
ODHPSUHVDPLQHUDKHFKRTXHSXHGHDSUHFLDUVHHQODGRFXPHQWDFLyQJUi¿FDGH
ODpSRFD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHFRQVHUYDHQEXHQHVWDGRVLHQGRXWLOL]DGRFRPRUHFLQWR
HVFRODU+DVXIULGRQXPHURVDVUHIRUPDVFRQVLVWHQWHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQHODxDGL
GRGHXQDSODQWDVXSHULRU\HQODWRQDOLGDGURViFHDGHVXVPXURVH[WHULRUHV1R
REVWDQWHD~QSXHGHDSUHFLDUVHVXPRUIRORJtDRULJLQDODOPDQWHQHUODVGRVWRUUHV
HVTXLQHUDV\XQDGHODVJDULWDVDQJXODUHV
88
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOIXHUWHGH1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHO&DUPHQ
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIXHUWHGHO&DUPHQGHVGHHOIRUWtQGH6DQ(QULTXHGHVGHHOVX
URHVWH6HREVHUYDHODxDGLGRVXSHULRU\ODWRQDOLGDGURViFHDGHVXVPXURV
89
9LVWDGHOIXHUWHGHO&DUPHQGHVGHHOVXURHVWHHQODTXHVHDSUHFLDODJDULWDRULJL
QDOLGHQWL¿FDEOHHQODIRWRDQWLJXD
90
6$1(15,48()RUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIRUWtQVHORFDOL]DDOVXURHVWHGHOIXHUWHGHO&DUPHQDXQRVPHQXQ
FHUURVLWXDGRHQODYHUWLHQWHQRUHVWHGHOPRQWH8L[iQ\PX\SUy[LPRDODVDQ
WLJXDVPLQDVGHKLHUURFDELODGH%HQL%X,IUXUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU7LHQHXQ
EXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDOHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHVH[FHSWRKDFLDHOVXU\VXUHVWHHQTXH
ODDOWXUDGHO8L[iQHMHUFHGHEDUUHUDQDWXUDO6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DGHIRUPDVLPLODU
DOGHOIXHUWHGHO&DUPHQGHELHQGRSURVHJXLUDSDUWLUGHpVWHDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWD
$VLPLVPRVHSXHGHDFFHGHUDpOSRUPHGLRGHXQDSLVWDTXHERUGHDHO8L[iQSRU
HORHVWH\TXHVHGHVYtDDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD6HJDQJiQ.DQGXVVLSRFR
DQWHVGHOOHJDUDODORFDOLGDGGH%HQL6tGHO/RXWD
6HHVWDEOHFLyDSDUWLUGH\IXHFRQVWUXLGRSRUODCEMRFRPRORVGHVX
HQWRUQRSDUDVHUXWLOL]DGRSRUHOHMpUFLWRHQGHIHQVDGHORVLQWHUHVHVPLQHURV&RQ
DQWHULRULGDGDORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHKDEtDSHUGLGRWRGDXWLOLGDGPLOLWDU\
SHUPDQHFtDDEDQGRQDGR267UDVXQRVPHVHVHQSRGHUGHODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVYROYLy
DVHUUHFXSHUDGRD¿QDOHVGHDxR27.
(OIRUWtQGH6DQ(QULTXHHQVXRULJHQFRQVWDEDGHXQDSODQWDDVSLOOHUDGD\
XQUHFLQWRLQWHULRURFXSDGRSRUXQDHGL¿FDFLyQGHPD\RUDOWXUD&RQHOWLHPSR
VXIULyYDULDVUHIRUPDVTXHVXSXVLHURQXQFDPELRPRUIROyJLFRGHUULEiQGRVHORV
PXURVRULJLQDOHV\FRQVWUX\pQGRVHXQUHFLQWRFRQSDUHGHVHQWDOXGFRQDSDULHQFLD
GHGHSyVLWR/DHGL¿FDFLyQUHVXOWDQWHVHFRQIRUPDFRPRXQUHFLQWRFRQVWUXLGR
HQPDPSRVWHUtDFRQORVPXURVHQWDOXGGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRUHVWH
VXURHVWH\XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJRPGHDQFKR\P
GHDOWXUD1RSUHVHQWDDEHUWXUDVHQIRUPDGHHQWUDGDYDQRVRDVSLOOHUDV\ODSDUWH
VXSHULRUHVWiRFXSDGDSRUXQDWHUUD]DDVSLOOHUDGDFRQVWUXLGDFRQPDWHULDOSpWUHR
\ODGULOORV(O~QLFRDFFHVRDOUHFLQWRDODSDUWHVXSHULRUVHUHDOL]DSRUPHGLRGH
SHOGDxRVPHWiOLFRVLQVWDODGRVHQHOODGRQRUHVWH(OLQWHULRUVHHQFXHQWUDFRPSDU
WLPHQWDGRHQGRVSDUWHVVHSDUDGDVSRUXQPXURDPRGRGHWDELTXH$OH[WHULRUGHO
ODGRVXURHVWHVHDSUHFLDQORVGHUUXLGRVPXURVGHOIRUWtQRULJLQDODVtFRPRXQD
SHTXHxDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHSLHGUD\ODGULOORVHQHOODGRVXUHVWHSXGLHQGRWUDWDUVHGH
ORVUHVWRVGHXQDSLODSDUDODYDU
27 99$$La Legión Española (cincuenta años de historia)S
91
(Q OD DFWXDOLGDG VH FRQVHUYD DEDQGRQDGR \ HQ DSDUHQWH EXHQ HVWDGR GH
FRQVHUYDFLyQH[WHULRU(OLQWHULRUVLQHPEDUJRSUHVHQWDXQSHRUDVSHFWRDOHVWDU
SUiFWLFDPHQWHKXQGLGRHOSLVRGHODWHUUD]D$SRFRVPHWURVGHODHVTXLQDQRUWH
VHHQFXHQWUDLQVWDODGDXQDDQWHQDGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV
92
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOIRUWtQRULJLQDOGH6DQ(QULTXH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
93
9LVWDGHOODGRVXURHVWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH(QSULPHUSODQRORVGHUUXLGRVPXURV
GHOIRUWtQRULJLQDO
9LVWDGHOODGRQRUHVWHGHVGHHOQRUHVWH6HDSUHFLDQORVSHOGDxRVPHWiOLFRVDOD
L]TXLHUGDGHOPXUR$OIRQGRHOPRQWH8L[iQ
94
'HWDOOH GHO LQWHULRU GHVGH HO QRUHVWH 6H DSUHFLD HO SLVR KXQGLGR GH OD WHUUD]D

'HWDOOH GH ORV UHVWRV GH OD SRVLEOH SLOD SDUD ODYDU HQ HO ODGRVXUHVWH$O IRQGR
6HJDQJiQ\HOPRQWH*XUXJ~
95
6$1-(5Ï1,02)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHORFDOL]DDOVXURHVWHGHOIRUWtQGH6DQ(QULTXHDXQRVPHQ
XQSHTXHxRUHOODQRVLWXDGRHQODYHUWLHQWHQRUHVWHGHOPRQWH8L[iQ\FHUFDQRD
ORVUHVWRVGHODDFWLYLGDGPLQHUDFDELODGH%HQL%X,IUXUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU
ÒQLFDPHQWHGLVSRQHGHEXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOQRUWH\QRURHVWHSXHVWRTXH
HQODVUHVWDQWHVGLUHFFLRQHVVHHQFXHQWUDURGHDGRSRUHO8L[iQ\HOFHUURGH6DQ
(QULTXH(ODFFHVRHVLGpQWLFRDOGHOIRUWtQGH6DQ(QULTXH
6HHVWDEOHFLyDOLJXDOTXHHOUHVWRGHIRUWL¿FDFLRQHVGHO8L[iQLQPHGLDWDPHQWH
GHVSXpVGH¿QDOL]DUORVVXFHVRVEpOLFRVGH)XHFRQVWUXLGRSRUODCEMRSDUD
XVRPLOLWDUDXQTXHFRQSRVWHULRULGDGVHGHVWLQySDUDIXQFLRQHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDV
GHODHPSUHVDPLQHUD28VLHQGRpVWHVXXVRHQORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDORVDFRQWH
FLPLHQWRVGH296XVDYDWDUHVKLVWyULFRVSRVWHULRUHVVRQLGpQWLFRVDORVGHORV
IXHUWHVGHVXHQWRUQR
(OIXHUWHVHFRQIRUPDFRPRXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUFRQRULHQWDFLyQ
QRURHVWHVXUHVWH\XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGH
DQFKR &RQVWDED GH GRV SODQWDV SDWLR FHQWUDO DELHUWR \ WHUUD]D DVSLOOHUDGD FRQ
GRVJDULWDVHQODVHVTXLQDVQRUWH\VXU3UHVHQWDEDDOH[WHULRUXQDFHUFDSHULPHWUDO
IRUPDGDSRUYHUMDVVREUHXQDEDVHSpWUHD\GHODGULOORVFRQODHQWUDGDVLWXDGDHQ
HOODGRVXUHVWH(QHOLQWHULRUHQHOODGRVXUGHOSDWLRVHVLWXDEDHODOMLEH
$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGRSUHVHQWDQGRXQEXHQHVWDGRGHFRQ
VHUYDFLyQH[WHULRUDOSHUPDQHFHUHQSLHWRGDVXHVWUXFWXUDVLELHQPXFKRVGHORV
YHQWDQDOHVHVWiQWDSLDGRV\ODJDULWDGHODHVTXLQDVXUQRFRQVHUYDPiVTXHVX
EDVHPHWiOLFD(OLQWHULRUSUHVHQWDSRUHOFRQWUDULRXQHVWDGRUXLQRVRHVWDQGROD
PD\RUSDUWHGHVXVHVWUXFWXUDVGHUUXLGDV

29 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S(QODGHFODUDFLyQGHOMHIHGHWUDEDMRVGHOD
CEMR-XDQ-RVp(FKHYDUUtD$UWHFKHVHGLFHTXHHUDFRQRFLGRFRPR³FDVDR¿FLQDOODPDGD6DQ
-HUyQLPR´\TXHGLVSRQtDQGH³IXVLOHV\PXQLFLRQHVTXHOHVWHQtDIDFLOLWDGRVHO3DUTXHGHVGHHODxR
´
96
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOIXHUWHGH6DQ-HUyQLPR6HDSUHFLDODFHUFDSHULPHWUDOFRQYHUMD
9LVWDGHOODGRVXUHVWHGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOHVWH6HREVHUYDOD HQWUDGD\ODFHUFD
SHULPHWUDO
97
9LVWDGHOODGRQRURHVWHGHVGHHOQRUWH6HDSUHFLDODJDULWDHQHOiQJXORQRUWHOD
~QLFDTXHVHFRQVHUYD
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHODVGHSHQGHQFLDVLQWHULRUHVGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
98
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHODOMLEHLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRUWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIXHUWHGH6DQ-HUyQLPRGHVGH6DQ(QULTXHGHVGHHOQRUHVWH6H
REVHUYDQODVHVFRPEUHUDVHQODODGHUDGHO8L[iQ
99
)8(57($/72'(/8,;È1)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHORFDOL]DDOVXURHVWHGH6DQ-HUyQLPRHQODFLPDGHOPRQWH8L[iQ
FDELODGH%HQL%X,IUXUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU3RUVXVLWXDFLyQJHRJUi¿FDGLVSRQH
GHXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLRYLVXDOHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHV(ODFFHVRPiVIDFWLEOHVH
UHDOL]DSRUVXYHUWLHQWHRFFLGHQWDODODTXHVHDFFHGHSRUPHGLRGHXQDSLVWDTXH
SDUWHDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD6HJDQJiQ.DQGXVVLSRFRDQWHVGHOOHJDUDOD
ORFDOLGDGGH%HQL6tGHO/RXWD(OWUDPRGHDVFHQVLyQSRUODODGHUDRHVWHGHEH
UHDOL]DUVHDSLH
/RVRUtJHQHVGHHVWHIXHUWHFRPRVHKDLQGLFDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHDOKDEODUGHO
UHVWRGHIRUWL¿FDFLRQHVGHOHQWRUQRGHO8L[iQVHVLW~DQHQFRQSRVWHULRULGDG
DORVVXFHVRVEpOLFRVGHODxRDQWHULRUHQXQFRQWH[WRGHGHIHQVDGHODDFWLYLGDG
PLQHUD$GLIHUHQFLDGHORVUHFLQWRVGHVFULWRVFRQDQWHULRULGDGpVWHQRIXHUHFRQYHU
WLGRSDUDXVRVDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVPLQHURVDOWHQHUXQDVLWXDFLyQFRQDFFHVRVGLItFLOHV
\DVLPLVPRDOTXHGDUDPRUWL]DGRSRUHODYDQFHGHOIUHQWHGHH[SORWDFLyQTXH
SURYRFyHOFRUWHGHOFDPLQRGHDFFHVRRULJLQDO'HOPLVPRPRGRTXHVXWHUULWRULR
FLUFXQGDQWHFD\yHQPDQRVULIHxDVHQHOYHUDQRGHVLHQGRUHFXSHUDGRSRFRV
PHVHVGHVSXpVSRUXQDIXHU]DFRPSXHVWDPD\RULWDULDPHQWHSRUWURSDOHJLRQDULD30.
(OIXHUWHVHFRQIRUPDFRPRXQUHFLQWRFRQVWUXLGRHQPDPSRVWHUtDGHSODQWD
FXDGUDGDGHPGHODGR\RULHQWDFLyQQRURHVWHVXUHVWH3UHVHQWDGRVWRUUHVFRQ
ORViQJXORVHQFKDÀiQHQODVHVTXLQDVQRUWH\VXUWHQLHQGRODHQWUDGDHQHOODGR
VXUHVWHKDVWDGRQGHOOHJDEDHOFDPLQRGHDFFHVRHPSHGUDGR(OLQWHULRUVHHQFXHQWUD
FRPSDUWLPHQWDGRHQFXDWURHVWDQFLDVGHSODQWDFXDGUDGD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQGRQDGRDXQTXHFRQOD
HVWUXFWXUDH[WHULRURULJLQDOSHUIHFWDPHQWHYLVLEOHDOSUHVHQWDUDO]DGRVPXUDULRVGH
HQWUHXQR\GRVPHWURV
30 99$$La Legión Española (cincuenta años de historia)S/DVRSHUDFLRQHVPLOLWDUHV

SDUDVXUHFXSHUDFLyQVHUHDOL]DURQDSURYHFKDQGRODVKRUDVQRFWXUQDVFRPRHOHPHQWRVRUSUHVD
DOFDQ]DQGRORVVROGDGRVHVSDxROHVHOIXHUWHWUDVDVFHQGHUSRUHOSODQRLQFOLQDGRPLQHURGHODODGHUD
noreste.
100
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOD]RQDGH6DQ-XDQGHODV0LQDVHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHVGH6HJDQ
JiQ6HDSUHFLDODVLOXHWDGHO)XHUWH$OWRGHO8L[iQHQHOiQJXORVXSHULRUGHUHFKR
9LVWDGHODHVTXLQDRHVWHGHVGHHORHVWH6HREVHUYDODDOWXUDGHORVPXURVFRQ
VHUYDGRV
101
9LVWDGHODWRUUHGHODHVTXLQDQRUWHGHVGHHOQRUWH6HDSUHFLDVXiQJXORHQFKD
ÀiQ
9LVWDGHOODGRVXUHVWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH$ODL]TXLHUGDODWRUUHGHODHVTXLQDVXU
(QSULPHUSODQRHODQWLJXRFDPLQRGHDFFHVRHPSHGUDGR
102
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHOPXURVXURHVWHHQVXHQODFHFRQODHVTXLQDVXUGHVGHHO
QRURHVWH
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHORVPXURVGHODHVTXLQDHVWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH$OIRQGR
6HJDQJiQ\1DGRU\PiVDOOiHOPRQWH*XUXJ~
103
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHOSODQRLQFOLQDGRPLQHURGHODODGHUDQRUHVWHGHVGHHOVX
URHVWH$OIRQGRODKXHOODPLQHUD6HJDQJiQ1DGRU\ODVHVWULEDFLRQHVGHO*X
UXJ~
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOPRQWH8L[iQGHVGHHOFHUURGH6DQ(QULTXHGHVGHHOQRUHVWH$
ODGHUHFKDHOIXHUWHGH6DQ-HUyQLPR
104
$/)2162;,,,)RUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIRUWtQVHORFDOL]DHQXQFHUUR31DOHVWHGHOPRQWH8L[iQFDELODGH%HQL%X
,IUXUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUGLVSRQLHQGRGHXQLPSRUWDQWHGRPLQLRYLVXDOVREUHODV
DQWLJXDVPLQDVGHKLHUURGHODCompañía Española de Minas del Rif6HDFFHGHD
pODWUDYpVGHXQDDQWLJXDSLVWDPLQHUDHQPDOHVWDGR
(VWH UHFLQWR VH FRQVWUX\y MXQWR DO UHVWR GH SXQWRV IRUWL¿FDGRV GHO 8L[iQ
FRQSRVWHULRULGDGDSDUDGHIHQGHUODDFWLYLGDGPLQHUDHQGLFKRPRQWH\HQ
HOFHUFDQRPRQWH$IUD326HWUDWDGHXQDHGL¿FDFLyQUHFWDQJXODUHQPDPSRVWHUtD
RULHQWDGDQRUWHVXU\FRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\P
GHDQFKRGLVSRQLHQGRGHGRVWRUUHVGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDHQODVHVTXLQDVQRURHVWH\
VXUHVWHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH(OSLVREDMRSRVHHDVSLOOHUDVHQWRGDVVXVFDUDVPLHQWUDV
TXHODWHUUD]DVXSHULRUHVWDEDDOPHQDGD/DHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOVHVLW~DHQHOODGR
HVWH$OQRUWHGHOIRUWtQDSRFRVPHWURVVHREVHUYDQWUHVSRVLFLRQHVGHDUWLOOHUtD
DQWLDpUHDSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODOODPDGDLínea PérezFRPSOHMRGHIRUWL¿FDFLRQHVGL
VHxDGRSRUHOFRURQHOGH,QJHQLHURVGHOPLVPRQRPEUHDQWHXQDSRVLEOHLQYDVLyQ
DOLDGDGXUDQWHORVDxRVGHODII Guerra Mundial33.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGWDQWRHOIRUWtQFRPRODVLQVWDODFLRQHVPLQHUDVGHODCEMR
VH HQFXHQWUDQ DEDQGRQDGRV \ HQ SUHFDULR HVWDGR GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ VLHQGR HVWDV
~OWLPDVSDXODWLQDPHQWHGHVPDQWHODGDVSDUDVXYHQWDFRPRFKDWDUUD
31 'HQRPLQDGR³&UHVWyQ$OIRQVR;,,,´HQODGRFXPHQWDFLyQFDUWRJUi¿FDGHODpSRFD8QHMHPSOR
GHHOORHVHOPDSDGHOWHUULWRULRGH0HOLOODHGLWDGRHQSRUODOLEUHUtD<DJHVGH0DGULG
UHFLHQWHPHQWHHGLWDGRHQIRUPDWRIDFVtPLOSRUOD&LXGDG$XWyQRPDGH0HOLOODHQ
33 *LO\*yPH]Melilla, apuntes…S
105
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOIRUWtQGH$OIRQVR;,,,GHVGHHOVXUHVWH
,QWHULRUGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOQRUWH
106
3RVLFLyQGHDUWLOOHUtDDQWLDpUHDGHODLínea PérezGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIRUWtQGH$OIRQVR;,,,GHVGHHO)XHUWH$OWRGHO8L[iQGHVGHHO
RHVWH$OIRQGROD0DU&KLFD
107
5(67,1*$)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHXELFDHQODOHQJXDGHWLHUUDTXHFLHUUDODODJXQDGHOD0DU&KLFD
FDELODGH4XHEGDQDSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHODSLVWD
TXHSDUWHGH.DULDW$UNHPDQ\DWUDYLHVDODOHQJXDGHWLHUUDGHVXUHVWHDQRURHVWH
(OUHFLQWRFRQVWUXLGRKDFLD34SUHVHQWDSODQWDKH[DJRQDOGHXQRVP
GHGLiPHWURFRQSXHUWDGHHQWUDGDRULHQWDGDDOHVWHXQDWRUUHFHQWUDOGHLJXDOWL
SRORJtDPRUIROyJLFD\XQSHTXHxRIRVRSHULPHWUDO6HFRQVWUX\yEiVLFDPHQWHFRQ
SLHGUDDXQTXHVHXVySURIXVDPHQWHHOODGULOORHQORVHQPDUTXHVGHYDQRV&XHQWD
FRQXQDSODQWDEDMDDODTXHVHDFFHGtDWUDVFUX]DUXQSXHQWHVREUHHOIRVR\XQD
WHUUD]DDOPHQDGDTXHURGHDEDODWRUUHFHQWUDODVLPLVPRDOPHQDGD&DGDODGRGHO
SROtJRQRGLVSRQHGHVHLVYHQWDQXFRVHQODSODQWDEDMDH[FHSWRHQODHQWUDGDGH
ODTXHDXQVHFRQVHUYDHQPX\PDOHVWDGRODSXHUWDGHKLHUURFRQDOPDGHPD
GHUD(VWHIXHUWHFRQWDEDFRQXQFDPSDPHQWRDQH[RVLWXDGRDOHVWHWDO\FRPR
GHPXHVWUDODDEXQGDQWHGRFXPHQWDFLyQIRWRJUi¿FDH[LVWHQWH
$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDWRWDOPHQWHDEDQGRQDGR\HQHVWDGRUXLQRVR1R
REVWDQWHVXHVWUXFWXUDRULJLQDOHVSHUIHFWDPHQWHYLVLEOH
34 'tH]6iQFKH]Relación de Actividades (1988-1989)7UiSDQDQS(QHVWH

DUWtFXORGHODUHYLVWDGHOD$VRFLDFLyQGH(VWXGLRV0HOLOOHQVHVDSDUHFHXQDLPDJHQGHOIXHUWHFRQOD
VLJXLHQWHGHVFULSFLyQ³)RUWtQGHOD5HVWLQJDGH7R¿xR5HFLpQFRQVWUXLGRF´
108
)RWRDpUHDDQWLJXDHQODTXHVHREVHUYDHOIXHUWHGH5HVWLQJD\HOFDPSDPHQWR
DQH[R
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOIXHUWH\HOFDPSDPHQWRGH5HVWLQJD
109
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOIRVRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
110
9LVWDGHODHQWUDGDGHVGHHOHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOPXURH[WHULRU\GHOUHFLQWRLQWHULRUGHVGHHOHVWH

111
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIXHUWHGH5HVWLQJDGHVGHHOQRURHVWH$OIRQGRHO0HGLWHUUiQHR

112
5$60('8$)RUWtQ\FDPSDPHQWR
)RUWtQ /DWLWXG¶¶¶ &DPSDPHQWR/DWLWXG¶¶¶

$OWLWXGP $OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OUHFLQWRIRUWL¿FDGRVHORFDOL]DHQORVH[WUHPRVQRURHVWHIRUWtQ\VXURHVWH

FDPSDPHQWRGHODPHVHWDGH%HQL)DNOiQFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1D
GRUWHQLHQGRXQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOQRUWH\RHVWH6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]D
DSLHDWUDYpVGHODPHVHWDGHVGHODSREODFLyQGH7DQXW$UUXPDQVLWXDGDDOVXU
/D PHVHWD GH %HQL )DNOiQ IXH RFXSDGD FRPR SRVLFLyQ PLOLWDU HVSDxROD HQ
PD\RGHGHQWURGHORVPRYLPLHQWRVOOHYDGRVDFDERFRQHO¿QGHFRPSOH
WDUODVFRQTXLVWDVUHDOL]DGDVHQ'XUDQWHODOODPDGDCampaña del KertGH
IXHXQDGHODVSRVLFLRQHVTXHWXYLHURQXQSDSHOPiVLPSRUWDQWHHQGLFKR
DFRQWHFLPLHQWREpOLFRVLHQGRHOOXJDUHQHOTXHIDOOHFLyHOJHQHUDO'tD]2UGyxH]
KHULGRSRFRDQWHVHQHOFDPSDPHQWRGH,VKDIHQ35(OIRUWtQ\HOFDPSDPHQWRFX\D
JXDUQLFLyQHVWDEDIRUPDGDSRUOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD36H[LVWtDQ\DFRQDQWHULRULGDGDO
YHUDQRGHpSRFDHQTXHSDVyDSRGHUGHODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVFRPRODPD\RU
SDUWHGHOWHUULWRULRGHOD&RPDQGDQFLD*HQHUDOGH0HOLOOD$¿QDOHVGHOPLVPR
DxRIXHUHFXSHUDGDSRUODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVWUDVLQWHQVRVFRPEDWHVGXUDQWHORV
FXDOHVODLQFLSLHQWHDYLDFLyQPLOLWDUHVSDxRODGHVWUX\yHOIRUWtQ37.
(OIRUWtQFRQVWUXLGRHQPDPSRVWHUtD\RULHQWDGRQRURHVWHVXUHVWHSUHVHQWD
SODQWDFXDGUDGDGHPGHODGR\JDULWDVHQODVHVTXLQDVQRUWH\VXU&RQVWDEDGH
XQDSODQWD\WHUUD]DDVSLOOHUD]D(OSHTXHxRFDPSDPHQWRDQH[RDOODGRHVWHGHO
IRUWtQWLHQHXQRVPGHORQJLWXG\FRQVWDGHGRVHVSDFLRVDWHUUD]DGRVXQRFRQ
ODVXSHU¿FLHGHFHPHQWR\RWURSDYLPHQWDGRFRQSHTXHxDVORVDVFRQWDQGRHQVX
LQWHULRUFRQUHVWRVGHFRQVWUXFFLRQHVFRPRORVFLPLHQWRVGHXQDSHTXHxDWRUUH
FLUFXODU$OH[WHULRUGHOUHFLQWRVHORFDOL]DQWUHVSR]RVRDOMLEHV\DOJRPiVKDFLD
HOHVWHHODQWLJXRDFFHVRHPSHGUDGRVREUHHOHYDGRYDULRVFHQWtPHWURVFRQYDULRV
SDUDSHWRVWUDQVYHUVDOHVSDUDVXGHIHQVD

37 99$$La Legión Española (cincuenta años de historia)S$VLPLVPRSDUDHO
GHVDUUROORGHODVRSHUDFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVOOHYDGDVDFDERHQHOWHUULWRULRGH0HOLOODWUDVHO'HVDVWUHGH
$QQXDOFRQYLHQHYHU)UDQFR%DKDPRQGHDiario de una Bandera
113
(OFDPSDPHQWRSULQFLSDOVHORFDOL]DNPPDOVXUHVWHGHOIRUWtQSUHVHQ
WDQGRSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUFRQRULHQWDFLyQQRURHVWHVXUHVWHSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOGH
SLHGUD\XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR
$FWXDOPHQWHWRGRHOUHFLQWRVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVRTXHGDQGRGHOIRUWtQ
SRFRPiVTXHORVFLPLHQWRV/DVUXLQDVGHOFDPSDPHQWRVHHQFXHQWUDQHQWUHORV
FXOWLYRVFHUHDOtVWLFRVTXHRFXSDQODSUiFWLFDWRWDOLGDGGHODPHVHWDGH%HQL)DNOiQ
114
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH5DV0HGXD
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODUHRFXSDFLyQGHOIRUWtQHQ
115
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOHVWH
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHORHVWH
116
$FFHVRVREUHHOHYDGRFRQODVXSHU¿FLHHPSHGUDGDGHVGHHOHVWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOH[WUHPRQRURHVWHGHODPHVHWDGH%HQL)DNOiQHQGRQGHVHOR
FDOL]DHOIRUWtQGH5DV0HGXDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
117
7$85,$7=$*&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DHQODSDUWHDOWDGHOPRQWHGH7DXULDW=DJFDELODGH
%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUMXQWRDODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHODQXHYDFDUUHWHUD
5RFDGHTXHVHGLULJHD$O+RFHLPD$OKXFHPDV6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUXQD
SLVWDTXHSDUWLHQGRGHODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRHVSDxROGH,NLDQWDUDVDOFDQ]DOD
SREODFLyQGH,VLOELXQ$SDUWLUGHDOOtVHKDFHQHFHVDULRDVFHQGHUDSLH
7DXULDW=DJIXHRFXSDGRPLOLWDUPHQWHHQMXQLRGHSRFRDQWHVGHOLQLFLR
GHODCampaña del KertLQLFLDGDWUDVHODWDTXHVXIULGRHQDJRVWRSRUXQGHVWDFD
PHQWRTXHUHDOL]DEDODERUHVGHWRSRJUDItDDRULOODVGHOUtR'XUDQWHHOGHVDUUROOR
GHHVWRVVXFHVRVHOFDPSDPHQWRIXHKRVWLOL]DGRLQIUXFWXRVDPHQWHGHVGHODDOWXUD
SUy[LPDGH7DXULDW%XFKLWVLWXDGDDOQRUHVWHSRUODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVD¿QDOHVGH
GLFLHPEUHGH38SHUGLHQGRODYLGDXQDYHLQWHQDGHVROGDGRVHVSDxROHVHQWUH
HOORVHOFDSLWiQGH,QJHQLHURV)pOL[/ySH]3pUH]397UDVFDHUHQPDQRVGHODVIXHU]DV
GH$EGHO.ULPGXUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHOYHUDQRGHIXHUHFXSHUDGR
D¿QDOHVGHOPLVPRFRQHVFDVDRSRVLFLyQULIHxD40.
(OUHFLQWRFDPSDPHQWDOSUHVHQWDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDRHVWHHVWHFRQ
XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRURGHDGRGH
PXURSHULPHWUDOFRQGRVJDULWDVFLUFXODUHVHQHOODGRQRUWHSXGLHQGRWUDWDUVHGH
FXHUSRVGHJXDUGLDTXHÀDQTXHDVHQODHQWUDGDDODIRUWL¿FDFLyQ(QHOLQWHULRUVH
ORFDOL]DQYDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVHQWUHHOODVXQDHGL¿FDFLyQVLWXDGDHQOD]RQDRHVWH
GHSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHPGHODGR\WHMDGRDGREOHYHUWLHQWH\ORVUHVWRVGHOFHUFR
RPXULOORSHULPHWUDOGHXQDWLHQGDFyQLFD

39 (OFDSLWiQ)pOL[/ySH]IXHHQWHUUDGRHQHOFHPHQWHULRGH0HOLOODHOGHGLFLHPEUHGH
\WUDVODGDGRDO3DQWHyQGHORV+pURHVGHOPLVPRFHPHQWHULRHOGHDEULOGHHQGRQGH
SHUPDQHFHKDVWDODDFWXDOLGDG(QHOFDPSDPHQWRD~QVHSXHGHREVHUYDUXQPRQROLWRDEDQGRQDGR
\YROFDGRFRQXQDLQVFULSFLyQHQODTXHSXHGHOHHUVHWUDQVFULWR³El 23 de Diciembre de 1911/
Aquí/Encontró muerte/Heróica el Capitán/De/Ingenieros/Félix López Pérez/R.I.P´.3DUDORVGDWRV
ELRJUi¿FRV\SURIHVLRQDOHVGHOFDSLWiQ/ySH]YHU5HYLVWDGHO0HPRULDOGH,QJHQLHURVWRPR;;,;
TXLQWDpSRFDSSGRFXPHQWDFLyQREWHQLGDYtDHSLVWRODUDWUDYpVGH'+RQRULR&HUyQ
FRURQHOVXEGLUHFWRUGHO0HPRULDOGHO$UPDGH,QJHQLHURVDTXLHQDJUDGHFHPRVODWUDQVPLVLyQGH
HVWDLQIRUPDFLyQ
40 99$$La Legión Española…S
118
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVRFRQJUDQSDUWHGHODVXSHU¿FLH
FXELHUWDGHDUERODGR$VLPLVPRVHHQFXHQWUDYROFDGRHQOD]RQDHVWHHOPRQROLWR
GHGLFDGRDOFDSLWiQGH,QJHQLHURV)pOL[/ySH]3pUH]PXHUWRHQHVWHOXJDUHQ
119
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7DXULDW=DJHQ0HVDHWDOLLLas Campa-

ñas de Marruecos…S
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOFDPSDPHQWR
120
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHUUXLGRGHVGHHOQRUWH
9LVWDGHODHGL¿FDFLyQLQWHULRUGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHVGHHOVXU
121
,QWHULRUGHOD]RQDHVWHGHVGHHOVXU$ODGHUHFKDVHREVHUYDHOPRQROLWRYROFDGR

9LVWDJHQHUDOGH7DXULDW=DJGHVGHODDOWXUDGH7DXULDW%XFKLWGHVGHHOQRUHVWH

122
'HWDOOHGHODLQVFULSFLyQGHOPRQR
OLWR
'HWDOOHGHODOiSLGDGHGLFDGDDOFDSLWiQ)pOL[/ySH]HQHOLQWHULRUGHO3DQWHyQGH
ORV+pURHVGHOFHPHQWHULRGH0HOLOOD
123
7$85,$7%8&+,7)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHORFDOL]DHQORDOWRGHOPRQWHGH7DXULDW%XFKLWFDELODGH%HQL
6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDOQRUHVWHGH7DXULDW=DJ\FRQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDO
HQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHV6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWLHQGRGHODQWLJXR
DFXDUWHODPLHQWRHVSDxROGH,NLDQWDUDVDOFDQ]DODSREODFLyQGH,VLOELXQ$SDUWLU
GHDOOtVHKDFHQHFHVDULRDVFHQGHUDSLHERUGHDQGRSRUHORHVWH7DXULDW=DJ
(VWD]RQDSUy[LPDDOUtR.HUWIXHRFXSDGDSRUHOHMpUFLWRHVSDxROHQODSULPD
YHUDGHSRFRVPHVHVDQWHVGHODCampaña del Kert6LQHPEDUJRHOPRQWH
GH7DXULDW%XFKLWQRVHWRPyPLOLWDUPHQWHKDVWD¿QDOHVGHHVHPLVPRDxRFRPR
FRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVRSHUDFLRQHVOOHYDGDVDFDERSDUDOLEHUDUDOFDPSDPHQWRGH
7DXULDW=DJGHODVHGLRDOTXHORVRPHWtDQODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVGHVGHODSRVLFLyQ
GRPLQDQWHGH7DXULDW%XFKLW41(VWDEOHFLGR\DFRPRUHFLQWRIRUWL¿FDGRFDHFRPR
OD PD\RU SDUWH GHO WHUULWRULR HQ SRGHU ULIHxR HQ HO YHUDQR GH GXUDQWH ORV
DFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGHODesastre de AnnualVLHQGRUHFXSHUDGRD¿QDOHVGHOPLVPR
DxRVLQDSHQDVRSRVLFLyQULIHxD42.
(OIXHUWHFRQVWUXLGRFRQIiEULFDGHPDPSRVWHUtD\HQHOTXHVHREVHUYDQORV
HVTXHPDVFOiVLFRVDUTXLWHFWyQLFRVTXHVHUHSLWHQHQIRUWL¿FDFLRQHVVLPLODUHVDQ
WHULRUHVDHQHOWHUULWRULRGHO5LI43SUHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHPGHODGR
FRQGRVWRUUHVFLUFXODUHVHQODVHVTXLQDVQRURHVWH\VXUHVWH&RQVWDGHGRVSODQWDV
FRQDVSLOOHUDVJUDQGHVFLQFRHQFDGDODGRGHODSODQWDEDMD\FXDWURHQFDGDODGR
GHODVXSHULRU\WHUUD]DWHQLHQGRODHQWUDGDVREUHHOHYDGDHQHOODGRRHVWH$O
H[WHULRUPX\SUy[LPRDOODGRVXUGHOHGL¿FLRVHVLW~DHODOMLEH
$FWXDOPHQWHHOUHFLQWRVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQGRQDGRHVWDQGR
ORVOLHQ]RVSUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXLGRVÒQLFDPHQWHHOODGRQRUWHFRQVHUYDDOJRGH
DO]DGR

42 99$$La Legión Española…S
43 'HIDFWXUDVLPLODUHVHOIXHUWHGH$UEDD+DUDLJDOVXUGHOWHUULWRULR
124
9LVWDGHOIXHUWHGH7DXULDW%XFKLWGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOODGRHVWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH6HREVHUYDODWRUUHFLUFXODUVXUHVWH
SUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXLGD
125
9LVWDLQWHULRUGHOODGRQRUWHGHVGHHOVXU
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOODGRVXUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH(QSULPHUSODQRHODOMLEH
126
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
127
6$00$5)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHVHORFDOL]DEDHQXQSHTXHxRFHUURGHODPHVHWDGH,PHKLDWHQGRPL
QDQGRODGHVHPERFDGXUDGHOUtR.HUWSRUVXPDUJHQGHUHFKDFDELODGH%HQL%X
*DIDUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHD
ODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHHQOD]D6DPPDUFRQ)DUKDQD
(VWD ]RQD GH OD GHVHPERFDGXUD GHO .HUW VH RFXSy SRU SDUWH GH ODV IXHU]DV
HVSDxRODVHQGLFLHPEUHGHGXUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHODCampaña del Kert
DXQTXHODSRVLFLyQGH6DPPDUQRVHIRUWL¿FyKDVWDPDU]RGHDOKDEHUVLGR
DEDQGRQDGDGXUDQWHHOLQYLHUQR44(OUHFLQWRFRQVWLWXLGR\DFRPRXQFRPSDFWR
IXHUWHHQORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDODesastre de AnnualGHFD\yHQSRGHU
ULIHxRGXUDQWHGLFKRDFRQWHFLPLHQWRWUDVUHQGLUVHVLQKDFHUIUHQWHDOHQHPLJR45
VLHQGRUHFXSHUDGRQXHYDPHQWHD¿QDOHVGHDxR
(O IXHUWH HVWDED FRQVWUXLGR FRQ IiEULFD GH PDPSRVWHUtD &RQWDED FRQ XQD
SODQWD\WHUUD]DDVSLOOHUDGDV\FRQGRVWRUUHVHVTXLQHUDVGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHGRV
DOWXUDV\WHUUD]D$VLPLVPRVHDFRQGLFLRQyXQDH[SODQDGDDQH[DSDUDODVFXDWUR
SLH]DVGHDUWLOOHUtD.UXSSGHRFKRFHQWtPHWURV7HQtDWDPELpQXQDOMLEHDXQTXH
DOVHUVXDJXDQRSRWDEOHODDJXDGDGHEtDKDFHUVHHQ7LIDVRUDWUHVNLOyPHWURV46.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOUHFLQWRIRUWL¿FDGRKDGHVDSDUHFLGRFRPSOHWDPHQWHVLHQGR
XWLOL]DGRVXVRODUFRPRDVLHQWRGHYDULDVHGL¿FDFLRQHV1RREVWDQWHD~QSHUPD
QHFHQORVFLPLHQWRVGHODQWLJXRIXHUWHEDMRODVPLVPDV47.

(QQXHVWUDYLVLWDDOOXJDUHQPDU]RGHSXGLPRVREVHUYDUSDUWHGHORVFLPLHQWRVHQHOLQWHULRU
GHXQD]DQMDDELHUWDSRFRDQWHV$VLPLVPRHQWUHORVHVFRPEURVUHWLUDGRVHUDQYLVLEOHVYDULDVYDLQDV
GHEDOD
128
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOIXHUWHGH6DPPDUWUDVVXUHFXSHUDFLyQD¿QDOHVGHEl Ex-
pediente Picasso. Las sombras…
9LVWDGHOD]DQMDHQODTXHVHDSUHFLDQORVFLPLHQWRVGHOGHVDSDUHFLGRIXHUWHGHVGH
HOVXURHVWH
129
'HWDOOHGHORVFLPLHQWRVHQHOLQWHULRUGHOD]DQMD
9LVWD JHQHUDO GHO OXJDU HQ HO TXH HVWXYR VLWXDGR HO IXHUWH GHVGH HO QRUHVWH 6H
REVHUYDQODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVTXHVHDVLHQWDQHQVXVRODU
130
780,$71257(&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(O FDPSDPHQWR VH ORFDOL]D HQ OR DOWR GHO FHUUR QRUWH GH 7XPLDW HQWUH OD
FDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD5RFDGH\ODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR.HUW\SUy[LPRDVXGHV
HPERFDGXUDFDELODGH%HQL%X*DIDUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]D
DWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDORHVWHGHODFDUUHWHUDDXQTXHODDVFHQVLyQ¿QDO
GHEHUHDOL]DUVHDSLH
/DSRVLFLyQGH7XPLDW1RUWHQRVHIRUWL¿FyKDVWDHOPHVGHPDU]RGH
DXQTXHKDEtDVLGRRFXSDGDHQGLFLHPEUHGHODxRDQWHULRUGXUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHV
GHODCampaña del Kert,\DEDQGRQDGDSRFRGHVSXpV48(QORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRV
DORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHHOFDPSDPHQWRVHHQFRQWUDEDDEDQGRQDGRPL
OLWDUPHQWH\DTXHODVSRVLFLRQHVGHODOtQHDGHO.HUWKDEtDQYLVWRUHGXFLGDVVXV
JXDUQLFLRQHV49DQWHODQHFHVLGDGGHDXPHQWDUORVHIHFWLYRVHQOD]RQDRFFLGHQWDO
GH$QQXDO
(OFDPSDPHQWRGHSODQWDOLJHUDPHQWHUHFWDQJXODU\FRQRULHQWDFLyQQRUHVWH
VXURHVWHSUHVHQWDPXURSHULPHWUDOFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHP
GHODUJR\PGHDQFKR\FXHQWDFRQYDULDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVGHPDPSRVWHUtDHQ
HOLQWHULRU(QODVHVTXLQDVQRUWH\RHVWHFRQYLVWDVKDFLDHOFDXFHGHOUtR.HUWVH
VLW~DQGRVJDULWDVGHSODQWDFLUFXODU(QOD]RQDH[WHULRUQRUHVWHVHORFDOL]DQYDULDV
FRQVWUXFFLRQHVDQH[DV
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOFDPSDPHQWRVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\GHDEDQGRQR
HVWDQGRWRGDVODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVSUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXLGDV

131
9LVWDGHOPXURSHULPHWUDO\XQDHGL¿FDFLyQLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRUWH
9LVWDGHOODGRQRURHVWHGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
132
9LVWDGHOODGRQRUHVWHGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHVGHHOQRUWH(QSULPHUSODQRORV
UHVWRVGHODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVDQH[DV
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURQRUWHGH7XPLDWGHVGHHOQRUWH
133
,.,$17$5$6$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(O UHFLQWR PLOLWDU HVSDxRO VH ORFDOL]D MXQWR D OD DQWLJXD FDUUHWHUD TXH XQtD
6HJDQJiQFRQ6DPPDUFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDFWXDOPHQWH
FRQYHUWLGDHQXQRGHORVWUDPRVGHODQXHYDFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD5RFDGHTXHXQH
6DLGLDFRQ$OKXFHPDV$SRFRVPHWURVGHGLVWDQFLDVHVLW~DHOGHVYtRGHODSLVWD
TXHFRPXQLFDEDORVDQWLJXRVFDPSDPHQWRVGHODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR.HUW
6HWUDWDGHXQUHFLQWRUHFWDQJXODUGHXQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR
URGHDGRGHPXURSHULPHWUDO\FRQODHQWUDGDHQVXODGRQRUWH(VWDHQWUDGDFRP
SXHVWDSRUGRVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVÀDQTXHDQGRXQDSRUWDGDFRQDUFRHVVLPLODUDOD
GHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH%HQ7LHE\DO]RFRGH7XJXQW]6XDGVFULSFLyQFURQROy
JLFDKDEUtDTXHVLWXDUODFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDXQDYH]TXHODVIRUWL¿FDFLRQHV
SUy[LPDV GH 7DXULDW =DJ \ 7DXULDW %XFKLW IXHURQ SHUGLHQGR LPSRUWDQFLD FRPR
SXQWRVHVWUDWpJLFRV
$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRGHDEDQGRQRKDELHQGRVLGRFRUWDGRSRUOD
PLWDGSRUODQXHYDFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD1RREVWDQWHOD]RQDGHODHQWUDGDVHFRQVHUYD
SHUIHFWDPHQWHMXQWRDORVUHVWRVGHODDQWLJXDFDUUHWHUD
134
(QWUDGDGHOUHFLQWRMXQWRDODDQWLJXDFDUUHWHUD6HJDQJiQ6DPPDUGHVGHHOQR
URHVWH
9LVWDGHODHQWUDGDGHVGHHOLQWHULRU$OIRQGRHOPRQWHGH7DXULDW=DJ
135
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRU\GHODQXHYDFDUUHWHUDFRUWDQGRHQGRVHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOQR
UHVWH
136
,6+$)(1&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(ODQWLJXRFDPSDPHQWRHVSDxROVHVLW~DHQXQDDOWXUDVREUHODPDUJHQGHUHFKD
GHOUtR.HUWDOVXURHVWHGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH,NLDQWDUDVFDELODGH%HQL6tGHO
SURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6HDFFHGHDpODWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDODL]TXLHUGDGH
ODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD5RFDGHDODDOWXUDGHODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH,NLDQWDUDV
(O FDPSDPHQWR GH ,VKDIHQ HUD RSHUDWLYR FRQ DQWHULRULGDG D ORV VXFHVRV GH
$QQXDOGH\DTXHVHKDEtDHVWDEOHFLGRFRPRWDOWUDVODOODPDGDCampaña
del Kert GHFRQWUDHOOtGHUULIHxR0RKDPPHG$PH]LiQ3RVWHULRUPHQWH
WXYRFLHUWDLPSRUWDQFLDDOHVWDUUDGLFDGDHQpOODFROXPQDPyYLOGHO5HJLPLHQWR
0HOLOODQDXQTXHDQWHVGHHVWDFROXPQDSDVyDHVWDEOHFHUVHSULPHURHQ
.DQGXVVL\OXHJRHQ'DU4XHEGDQLSRUORTXH,VKDIHQTXHGyFRQYHUWLGRHQXQ
FDPSDPHQWR PHQRU 'LVSRQtD GH GRV DYDQ]DGLOODV XQD DO RHVWH KDFLD HO .HUW
RFXSDGDSRUOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD\RWUDXQRVPDOVXURHVWHGHQRPLQDGD,V
KDIHQVXUFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR
\RULHQWDFLyQQRUHVWHVXURHVWH
(OSULPHUFDPSDPHQWRWHQtDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRURHVWHVXUHVWHGH
XQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQPXURSHULPHWUDOGHSLHGUD\EDUUR\
YDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVGHDGREH50&RQSRVWHULRULGDG\GXUDQWHVXSHULRGR
GHHVSOHQGRUHOUHFLQWRIXHDPSOLDGRKDFLDHOVXUHVWHXQRVPFRQVLVWLHQGRHO
QXHYRHVSDFLRHQUHFLQWRSDUDHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHQXPHURVDVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
$VLPLVPRVHLQVWDODURQQXHYDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVGHODGULOORVHHPSHGUDURQORVHV
SDFLRVFHQWUDOHVGHOUHFLQWR\VHFRQVWUX\HURQHVFDOHUDVSDUDVDOYDUODVGLIHUHQWHV
DOWXUDVGHOUHFLQWRLQWHULRU&RLQFLGLHQGRFRQORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHHO
FDPSDPHQWRHVWDEDUHGXFLGRDOHVSDFLRGHODQWLJXRUHFLQWRFRQODVDYDQ]DGLOODV
DEDQGRQDGDV6XJXDUQLFLyQDOPDQGRGHOFDSLWiQGHO0HOLOOD)HOLSH1DYDUUR
=DUDJR]DODFRPSRQtDQVROGDGRVGHGLFKRUHJLPLHQWRGH$UWLOOHUtDDOVHUYLFLR
GHODVFXDWURSLH]DV.UXSSGHRFKRFHQWtPHWURVFRQTXHDUWLOODEDHOFDPSDPHQWR
GH,QWHQGHQFLD\GHO5HJLPLHQWRGH&DEDOOHUtD$OFiQWDUD7UDVVXIULUXQDVHGLR
GXUDQWHGRVGtDVGHMXOLRHOFDPSDPHQWRFD\yHQSRGHUULIHxRSHUHFLHQGR
WRGDODJXDUQLFLyQ51.
50 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras de AnnualS
51 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S
137
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOUHFLQWRVHFRQVHUYDHQXQHVWDGRUXLQRVRDXQTXHD~QSXH
GHQYHUVHSDUWHGHORVHPSHGUDGRV\GHOSDUDSHWRXQDHVFDOHUD\XQIUDJPHQWRGHO
SLODUGHXQDHGL¿FDFLyQGHODGULOOR(OUHFLQWRGHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDVHVWiXWLOL]DGR
FRPR]RQDGHFXOWLYRVDUEyUHRV/DDYDQ]DGLOOD,VKDIHQVXUVHFRQVHUYDDVLPLVPR
HQLGpQWLFRHVWDGRUXLQRVR
138
)RWRDQWLJXDGH,VKDIHQFRQDQWHULRULGDGD
9LVWDGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH$OIRQGRHOUtR.HUW
139
'HWDOOHGHOSDUDSHWRVHFFLRQDGRSRUXQDSLVWDGHVGHHORHVWH
5HVWRVGHOSLODUGHSLHGUD\ODGULOORHQHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
140
'HWDOOHGHODHVFDOHUDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWD JHQHUDO GHO FDPSDPHQWR GH ,VKDIHQ GHVGH ,VKDIHQ 6XU GHVGH HO VXURHVWH

141
7$/86,71257(&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OUHFLQWRVHORFDOL]DHQHOH[WUHPRQRURHVWHGHXQDORPDVLWXDGDYDULRVNL
OyPHWURVDOVXUGHODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD5RFDGHWHQLHQGRXQLPSRUWDQWHGRPLQLR
YLVXDOVREUHODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR.HUWFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH
1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWLHQGRKDFLDHOVXUGHVGH
ODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUDDVXSDVRSRUHODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH,NLDQWDUDVVHGLULJH
DORVDQWLJXRVFDPSDPHQWRVGHODOtQHDGHO.HUWGH
/DORPDQRUWHGH7DOXVLWVHRFXSySRUSULPHUDYH]HQVHSWLHPEUHGH
GXUDQWHORVSULPHURVFRPEDWHVGHODCampaña del KertDXQTXHVHDEDQGRQyD
ORVSRFRVGtDVFRPRVXFHGLyFRQODORPDVXUSXHVHVWDEDQVLWXDGDVHQWUHORVGRV
LPSRUWDQWHVFDPSDPHQWRVGH,VKDIHQDOQRUWHH,PDUXIHQDOVXUHVWH9ROYLHURQD
VHURFXSDGDVGHIRUPDGH¿QLWLYDHQQRYLHPEUHGHOPLVPRDxR52&RQDQWHULRUL
GDGDORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHHOFDPSDPHQWRVHHQFRQWUDEDFRPRRWURV
WDQWRVGHODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHO.HUWDEDQGRQDGRPLOLWDUPHQWH53SXHVWRTXHODV
SRVLFLRQHVGHHVWD]RQDKDEtDQSHUGLGRLPSRUWDQFLDDQWHHODYDQFHPLOLWDUHQOD
]RQDRFFLGHQWDOGH$QQXDO
(OFDPSDPHQWRSUHVHQWDSODQWDSHQWDJRQDOFRQWHQGHQFLDUHFWDQJXODURULHQ
WDGDQRUHVWHVXURHVWH\FRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHORQJLWXG
\PGHDQFKXUD6HHQFXHQWUDURGHDGRGHSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOFRQWDQGRHQVX
LQWHULRUFRQYDULDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVGHSODQWDUHJXODUDOQRUHVWH\HVSDFLRSDUDWLHQGDV
FyQLFDVDOVXURHVWH
(Q OD DFWXDOLGDG HO UHFLQWR VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HVWDGR UXLQRVR \ DEDQGRQDGR
VLHQGRD~QYLVLEOHVORVUHVWRVGHOSDUDSHWRHOHVSDFLRLQWHULRU\HOVXUFRH[WHULRU
GHVWLQDGRSDUDODLQVWDODFLyQGHODDODPEUDGDHQOD]RQDTXHGRPLQDYLVXDOPHQWH
HOFDXFHGHOUtR.HUW

142
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7DOXVLW1RUWH
9LVWDGHOSDUDSHWRGHUUXLGRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
143
'HWDOOHGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOSDUDSHWRHQHOODGRQRUHVWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH6H
DSUHFLD HO FDXFH GHO UtR .HUW DO IRQGR \ PiV DOOi ODV HVWULEDFLRQHV GHO PRQWH
0DXUR
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHOFHUFRRPXULOORSHULPHWUDOGHXQDWLHQGDFyQLFDHQHOLQWH
ULRUGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
144
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH$OIRQGRHOPRQWH0DXUR
145
7$/86,7685&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DDOQRURHVWHGHXQDORPDVLWXDGDYDULRVNLOyPHWURV
DOVXUGHODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD5RFDGHDOVXURHVWHGH7DOXVLW1RUWH\GRPLQDQGR
YLVXDOPHQWHODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR.HUWFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH
1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DFRPRSDUDHOUHVWRGHUHFLQWRVGHHVWD]RQDGHO.HUW
DWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHKDFLDHOVXUGHVGHODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUDDVXSDVRSRU
HODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH,NLDQWDUDV
/DORPDVXUGH7DOXVLWGHIRUPDVLPLODUDODQRUWHVHRFXSySRUSULPHUDYH]
HQVHSWLHPEUHGHHQORVSULPHURVPRPHQWRVGHODCampaña del KertDXQTXH
VHDEDQGRQySRFRVGtDVGHVSXpVDOLJXDOTXHODORPDQRUWHDOXELFDUVHHQWUHORV
FDPSDPHQWRVSULQFLSDOHVGH,VKDIHQDOQRUWHH,PDUXIHQDOVXUHVWH6HYROYLHURQD
RFXSDUGH¿QLWLYDPHQWHHQQRYLHPEUHGHHVHPLVPRDxR54(QORVLQVWDQWHVSUHYLRV
DO'HVDVWUHGH$QQXDOGH7DOXVLW6XUVHKDOODEDPLOLWDUPHQWHDEDQGRQDGR55\D
TXHODVSRVLFLRQHVVLWXDGDVHQODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHO.HUWKDEtDQSHUGLGRLPSRUWDQ
FLDDQWHHOGHVDUUROORGHODVRSHUDFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVHQOD]RQDRFFLGHQWDOGH$QQXDO
(O FDPSDPHQWR GH SODQWD UHFWDQJXODU \ RULHQWDFLyQ HVWHRHVWH WLHQH XQDV
GLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR&XHQWDFRQPXUR
SHULPHWUDOFRQHOFDPLQRGHDFFHVRHPSHGUDGR\ODHQWUDGDVLWXDGRVDPERVDO
HVWHGHIHQGLGDSRUXQSHTXHxRIRVR\GRVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVDPRGRGHFXHUSRGH
JXDUGLD(OODGRRHVWHGHOPXURGHIHQVLYRVHHQFXHQWUDÀDQTXHDGRSRUGRVJDULWDV
GHSODQWDFLUFXODU\FXDGUDGDHQODVHVTXLQDVQRUWH\VXUUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH(OUHFLQWR
LQWHULRUVHPXHVWUDFRPSDUWLPHQWDGRHQYDULRVHVSDFLRVGHVWLQiQGRVHORVODGRV
QRUWH\VXUSDUDHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHVHLVWLHQGDVFyQLFDVGHJUDQGHVGLPHQVLRQHV
PGHGLiPHWURFRQOD]RQDFHQWUDORFXSDGDSRUYDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHSODQWD
UHJXODU(OODGRLQWHULRURHVWHVHSUHVHQWDDWHUUD]DGRSXGLHQGRKDEHUVLGRGHVWLQDGR
DOHPSOD]DPLHQWRGHODVSLH]DVGHDUWLOOHUtD
$FWXDOPHQWHHOFDPSDPHQWRSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQUXLQRVR\
DEDQGRQDGRFRQODPD\RUSDUWHGHODVHVWUXFWXUDVGHUUXLGDV1RREVWDQWHHQWUH
HODUERODGRTXHFXEUHEXHQDSDUWHGHODVXSHU¿FLHD~QVRQSHUFHSWLEOHVPXFKDV

146
GHHOODVFRPRHODFFHVRHPSHGUDGROD]RQDGHODHQWUDGDHOPXURSHULPHWUDOODV
FRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV\ORVFHUFRVGHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDVVREUHWRGRODVGHO
ODGRVXU
147
9LVWDGHOD]RQDGHODHQWUDGDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH(QSULPHUSODQRHOIRVRGHIHQVLYR

9LVWDGHOODGRQRUWHGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHVGHHORHVWH
148
'HWDOOHGHOH[WHULRUGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHOODGRQRUWHGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHOFHUFRGHXQDWLHQGDFyQLFDHQHOODGRVXUGHOLQWHULRUGHVGH
HOQRUHVWH
149
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODORPDGH7DOXVLW6XUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH0iVDOOiHO.HUW\DO
IRQGRHOPRQWH0DXUR
150
,0$58)(1&DPSDPHQWR\IRUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DDORHVWHGHODSREODFLyQGH,PDUXIHQFDELODGH
%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUHQXQDORPDRULHQWDGDQRURHVWHVXUHVWHVREUHOD
PDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR.HUWDOVXUHVWHGHORVFDPSDPHQWRVGH7DOXVLW3DUDVX
DFFHVRHVQHFHVDULRXWLOL]DUFRPRSDUDORVUHVWDQWHVUHFLQWRVGHHVWD]RQDGHO.HUW
ODSLVWDTXHSDUWHKDFLDHOVXUGHVGHODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUDDVXSDVRSRUHODQWLJXR
DFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH,NLDQWDUDV
(OFDPSDPHQWRGH,PDUXIHQVHRFXSyHQVHSWLHPEUHGHGXUDQWHODCam-
paña del KertHVWDEOHFLpQGRVHDOOtXQDJXDUQLFLyQFRPSXHVWDGHWURSDSHQLQVXODU
\IXHU]DVLQGtJHQDVEDMRHOPDQGRGHOJHQHUDO2UR]FR56'XUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH
$QQXDOGHOYHUDQRGHHOUHFLQWRFDPSDPHQWDOTXHFRQWDEDHQVXLQWHULRU
FRQXQIRUWtQFLUFXODUFD\yHQPDQRVULIHxDVWUDVUHQGLUODSRVLFLyQHOMHIHGHO
GHVWDFDPHQWRHODOIpUH],EDUURQGRGHO5HJLPLHQWR0HOLOODQ57.
(OUHFLQWRFRQSDUDSHWR~QLFDPHQWHHQODPLWDGHVWHDSURYHFKDQGRODFDtGD
QDWXUDOKDFLDHO.HUWSRUHORHVWHFRPRHOHPHQWRGHIHQVLYRSUHVHQWDXQDVGLPHQ
VLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRHVWDQGRHOIRUWtQGHSODQWD
FLUFXODUHQOD]RQDLQWHULRUVXURHVWH(VWHIRUWtQGHPGHGLiPHWUR\FRQVWUXLGR
HQIiEULFDGHPDPSRVWHUtDWHQtDORVPXURV\ODD]RWHDDVSLOOHUDGRVVLHQGRFDSD]
GHDOEHUJDUDXQRVFXDUHQWDKRPEUHV$OH[WHULRUKDFLDHOQRUWHH[LVWtDXQD]RQD
DWULQFKHUDGDTXHIXHDSURYHFKDGDSRUORVULIHxRVGXUDQWHHODVHGLRGH/D
DJXDGDGHEtDUHDOL]DUVHHQODVFHUFDQtDVGHOPRQWH7LGLQLWDXQRVNLOyPHWURV
GHGLVWDQFLD58.
$FWXDOPHQWHHOUHFLQWRIRUWL¿FDGRGH,PDUXIHQSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRQVHU
YDFLyQWRWDOPHQWHUXLQRVRHVWDQGRGHUUXLGRVWDQWRHOSDUDSHWRGHOFDPSDPHQWR
FRPRHOIRUWtQLQWHULRU$VLPLVPRWRGDODORPDHQODTXHVHXELFDHOUHFLQWRVH
HQFXHQWUDFXELHUWDGHDUERODGRGHUHSREODFLyQ

58 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…SS
151
'HWDOOHGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOSDUDSHWRGHOODGRQRUHVWHGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHHPSHGUDGRHQHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRUHVWH$OIRQGRODV
UXLQDVGHOIRUWtQ
152
9LVWDGHODVUXLQDVGHOIRUWtQFLUFXODUGHVGHHOHVWH6HDSUHFLDQWUHVIUDJPHQWRVGH
DOPHQDV\DOIRQGRHOFDXFHGHO.HUW
9LVWDJHQHUDOGH,PDUXIHQGHVGH7H[GUDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH$VXL]TXLHUGD7DOXVLW
6XU\HO.HUW$OIRQGRHOPRQWH0DXUR
153
7(;'5$&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DHQXQDORPDVLWXDGDDOVXURHVWHGHODSREODFLyQGH
,PDUXIHQVREUHODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR.HUWFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH
1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DFRPRSDUDHOUHVWRGHUHFLQWRVGHHVWD]RQDGHO.HUW
DWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHKDFLDHOVXUGHVGHODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUDDVXSDVRSRU
HODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH,NLDQWDUDV
/D]RQDGH7H[GUDVHRFXSyHQVHSWLHPEUHGHHQORVLQLFLRVGHODCam-
paña del KertGXUDQWHODVDFFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVTXHSUHWHQGtDQKDFHUUHWURFHGHUDODV
IXHU]DVULIHxDVGH$PH]LiQDODPDUJHQL]TXLHUGDGHO.HUW(QHVWDRSHUDFLyQSDU
WLFLSDURQYDULDVXQLGDGHVHQWUHHOODVXQEDWDOOyQGHO5HJLPLHQWR&LXGDG5RGULJR
RWURGHO5HJLPLHQWR7DULID\IXHU]DGH3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD59&RQDQWHULRULGDGDORV
VXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7H[GUDKDEtDTXHGDGRUHGXFLGRD
XQVLPSOHSXHVWRGHSROLFtD60DOKDEHUSHUGLGRLPSRUWDQFLDHVWD]RQDGHO.HUWHQ
GHWULPHQWRGHODOtQHDGHOIUHQWHGH$QQXDO&RPRODPD\RUtDGHOWHUULWRULRSDVy
DPDQRVULIHxDVHQHOYHUDQRGH
(OUHFLQWRSUHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHXQRVPGHODGR\RULHQWDFLyQQRURHVWH
VXUHVWH&XHQWDFRQPXURSHULPHWUDO\HQVXLQWHULRUH[LVWtDQYDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHV
\VXHORVHPSHGUDGRV
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQGRQDGRVLUYLHQGRVX
VXSHU¿FLHDVtFRPRWRGDOD]RQDGHDOUHGHGRUGHHVSDFLRFXOWLYDGRGHROLYDUHV

154
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDGHOGHUUXLGRPXURSHULPHWUDOHQHOODGRQRURHVWHGHVGHHOHVWH
155
9LVWDJHQHUDOGH7H[GUDGHVGHHOHVWH6HREVHUYDODVXSHU¿FLHFXOWLYDGDGHROLYDU

156
18(9$7(;'5$&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DHQXQFHUURDOVXUGHODSREODFLyQGH,PDUXIHQ
GRPLQDQGRSRUHOQRUWHHOFDXFHGHOXHG4XLIDQDÀXHQWHGHO.HUWSRUVXPDUJHQ
GHUHFKDFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DFRPRSDUD
ORVGHPiVUHFLQWRVGHHVWD]RQDGHO.HUWDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHKDFLDHOVXU
GHVGHODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUDDVXSDVRSRUHODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH,NLDQWDUDV
/D]RQDGH7H[GUDVHRFXSyHQVHSWLHPEUHGHDOFRPLHQ]RGHODCam-
paña del KertGXUDQWHODVDFFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVTXHSUHWHQGtDQKDFHUUHWURFHGHUDODV
IXHU]DVULIHxDVGH$PH]LiQDODPDUJHQL]TXLHUGDGHO.HUWSDUWLFLSDQGRHQHOODV
WDQWR XQLGDGHV SHQLQVXODUHV FRPR GH IXHU]D LQGtJHQD61 &RQ DQWHULRULGDG D ORV
VXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHHOFDPSDPHQWRGH1XHYD7H[GUDFRPRVXKRPyQLPR
VLWXDGRDORHVWHVHYLRUHGXFLGRDXQVLPSOHSXHVWRGHSROLFtD62DOKDEHUSHUGLGR
LPSRUWDQFLD PLOLWDU HVWD ]RQD GHO .HUW &RPR OD PD\RUtD GHO WHUULWRULR SDVy D
PDQRVULIHxDVHQHOYHUDQRGH
(OFDPSDPHQWRGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUFRQRULHQWDFLyQQRURHVWHVXUHVWHWLHQH
XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR&XHQWDFRQ
PXURSHULPHWUDO\HQOD]RQDPiVDOWDGHOLQWHULRUHQHOH[WUHPRVXUHVWHVHORFD
OL]DXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQ
HQIRVFDGRLQWHUQRSRUORTXHSRGUtDWUDWDUVHGHXQDOMLEH
$FWXDOPHQWHVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQGRQDGRVLQDSHQDVKXHOOD
GHOPXURSHULPHWUDO\FRQHOSRVLEOHDOMLEHSUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXLGR

157
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOLQWHULRUGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOSRVLEOHDOMLEHGHVGHHOVXU
158
9LVWDJHQHUDOGH1XHYD7H[GUDGHVGH7H[GUDGHVGHHORHVWH
159
7$85,$7+$0('&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DDQWLJXDSRVLFLyQPLOLWDUHVSDxRODGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHORFDOL]DHQXQ
FHUURDOQRURHVWHGHODSREODFLyQGH&XGLD+DPHGDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD
.DQGXVVL6HJDQJiQFDELODGH%HQL6LGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUGLVSRQLHQGRGH
XQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDOVREUHHOWHUULWRULRTXHOHURGHD6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRU
XQFDPLQRTXHDVFLHQGHGHVGHODSDUWHDOWDGHOSXHEOR
7DXULDW+DPHGRFXSDGRHQPD\RGHHQORVPRPHQWRV¿QDOHVGHOCam-
paña del Kert63HUDODFDEHFHUDGHODPtDGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDGXUDQWHORV
VXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHHVWDQGRDOPDQGRHOFDSLWiQ&D\XHODTXLHQWXYRTXH
DXVHQWDUVH HO GH MXOLR KDFLD 0HOLOOD DFRPSDxDQGR D ORV SULQFLSDOHV MHIHV GH
ODFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSDUDSUHVHQWDUVHDQWHHO$OWR&RPLVDULR6XVHJXQGRHUD
HODOIpUH]&DUUDVFRTXHSHUHFLyDOVXEOHYDUVHODWURSDLQGtJHQDTXHFRPSRQtDOD
JXDUQLFLyQWUDVODPDUFKDGHOFDSLWiQ64.
/DSRVLFLyQSUHVHQWDSODQWDWUDSH]RLGDORULHQWDGDQRUHVWHVXURHVWHFRQXQDV
GLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHORQJLWXG\PGHDQFKXUD&RQVWDGHPXUR
SHULPHWUDO\GRVEDUUDFRQHVDODUJDGRVFRQODPLVPDRULHQWDFLyQTXHHOUHFLQWRHQ
HOLQWHULRUFRQWDQGRFRQODHQWUDGDHQHOODGRVXUHVWH
(QODDFWXDOLGDGSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\GHFRPSOHWRDEDQGRQRHVWDQGR
GHUUXLGDVWRGDVODVLQVWDODFLRQHV

160
)RWRGHODUHRFXSDFLyQGH7DXULDW+DPHGWUDVORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUFRQORVEDUUDFRQHVWRWDOPHQWHGHUUXLGRVGHVGHHORHVWH
161
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7DXULDW+DPHGGHVGHHOVXU
162
.$''85&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DHQXQSURPRQWRULRVLWXDGRDOVXUHVWHGHODSREODFLyQGH
+DGG~$ODOX.DGGXUFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUMXQWRDOODGRGHUHFKR
GHODFDUUHWHUDTXHHQOD]D6HJDQJiQ\.DQGXVVL(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUHVWDYtD
(VWD]RQDVHRFXSyHQPD\RGHHQORVPRPHQWRV¿QDOHVGHODCampaña
del KertGHQWURGHODVRSHUDFLRQHVOOHYDGDVDFDERFRQOD¿QDOLGDGGHFRQWURODUHOWH
UULWRULRVLWXDGRHQWUHODVSRVLFLRQHVGH7H[GUDDOQRURHVWH\+DUFKDDOVXUHVWH\TXH
HUDXWLOL]DGRSRUODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVSDUDSUHVLRQDUDOHMpUFLWRHVSDxRO'XUDQWHHVWRV
DFRQWHFLPLHQWRVUHVXOWyPXHUWRVXOtGHU0RKDPPHG$PH]LiQHQ8ODG*DQHQHQODV
SUR[LPLGDGHVGH.DGGXUORTXHPRWLYyHO¿QDOGHODFDPSDxDPLOLWDUGH65.
(Q FRQ OD OOHJDGD GHO JHQHUDO )HUQiQGH] 6LOYHVWUH DO FDUJR GH &RPDQGDQWH
*HQHUDOGH0HOLOOD.DGGXUVHHQFXHQWUD\DIRUPDQGRSDUWHGHODVSRVLFLRQHVGHOD
FLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH.DQGXVVLRFXSDGDVSRUGHVWDFDPHQWRVGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDFX\R
DEDQGRQRGXUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOSURYRFyVXFDtGDHQPDQRVULIHxDV66.
(OUHFLQWRTXHRFXSDWRGDODVXSHU¿FLHGHOSURPRQWRULRVREUHHOTXHVHVLW~D
WLHQHSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHXQRVPGHODGR\PXURSHULPHWUDO/DHQWUDGDVHORFDOL]D
HQOD]RQDHVWHODPiVFHUFDQDDODFDUUHWHUDPLHQWUDVTXHHQHOODGRRHVWHVHREVHUYD
ODSUHVHQFLDGHXQIRVRGHSHTXHxDVGLPHQVLRQHVSRVLEOHPHQWHGHVWLQDGRDODLQV
WDODFLyQGHODDODPEUDGD(QHOLQWHULRUMXQWRDVROHUtDVHPSHGUDGDVVHVLW~DQYDULDV
FRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDVQRUHVWHVXURHVWH67.
$FWXDOPHQWHHOFDPSDPHQWRSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQUXLQRVRSUiFWL
FDPHQWHDUUDVDGRÒQLFDPHQWHVRQYLVLEOHVORVFLPLHQWRVGHODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVLQWHULR
UHVREVHUYiQGRVHHQVXSHU¿FLHUHVWRVFRQVWUXFWLYRVGHSLHGUD\ODGULOOR8QDFHUFDGH
GLYLVLyQGH¿QFDVFRUWDWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWHGHQRUWHDVXUHOODGRRHVWHGHOSURPRQWRULR
65 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…SS

67 (OJHQHUDO*yPH]-RUGDQDGXUDQWHVXHVWDQFLDDOIUHQWHGHOD&RPDQGDQFLD0LOLWDUGH0HOLOOD
DSDUWLUGHSURPRYLyODFRQVWUXFFLyQHQHOLQWHULRUGHORVFDPSDPHQWRVGHDORMDPLHQWRV
GHIiEULFDHQVXVWLWXFLyQGHODVKDELWXDOHVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de
Marruecos…SS
163
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH6HDSUHFLDQORVUHVWRVGHODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVUHF
WDQJXODUHVSUiFWLFDPHQWHDUUDVDGDV
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOSURPRQWRULRGH.DGGXUGHVGHODFDUUHWHUDGHVGHHOHVWH
164
<(%(/+$5&+$&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DHQOD]RQDDOWDGHO\HEHORPRQWH+DUFKDFDELODGH
%HQL%X,IUXUSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUHQXQUHOODQRVLWXDGRDOQRURHVWHGHODFLPD
GLVSRQLHQGRGHXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOWHUULWRULRVLWXDGRDOQRURHVWH
(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDODGHUHFKDGHVGHODFDUUHWHUDTXH
HQOD]D%HQL6tGHO/RXWDFRQ0RQWH$UUXLW
(OPRQWH+DUFKDVHRFXSyHQMXQLRGHSRFRDQWHVGHOFRPLHQ]RGHOD
Campaña del KertGHQWURGHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHDYDQFHKDFLDGLFKRUtRSURPRYLGDV
SRUHOJHQHUDO*DUFtD$OGDYH68HVWDEOHFLpQGRVHXQDSRVLFLyQIRUWL¿FDGD\DUWLOODGD
SDUWLFLSDQGRVXJXDUQLFLyQHQGLYHUVRVVXFHVRVEpOLFRVGHODFDPSDxDFLWDGD'X
UDQWHORVVXFHVRVGHOYHUDQRGHHOFDPSDPHQWRGHO+DUFKDSDVDUiDPDQRV
ULIHxDVVLHQGRUHFXSHUDGRSRVWHULRUPHQWHD¿QDOHVGHOPLVPRDxRSRUODVWURSDV
GHOD/HJLyQTXHUHDOL]DUiQQXHYDVREUDVGHIRUWL¿FDFLyQ69.
(O FDPSDPHQWR GH SODQWD UHFWDQJXODU RULHQWDGD QRURHVWHVXUHVWH SUHVHQWD
XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRGLVSRQLHQGRGH
GRVJDULWDVGHSODQWDFLUFXODUHQODHVTXLQDVRHVWH\HVWHGHOSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDO
(Q HO UHFLQWR LQWHULRU VH ORFDOL]DQ ORV UHVWRV GH YDULDV FRQVWUXFFLRQHV \ WLHQGDV
FyQLFDV/DHQWUDGDVHVLW~DHQHOODGRVXUHVWHREVHUYiQGRVHODSUHVHQFLDGHXQ
IRVRH[FDYDGRHQODURFDHQODSDUWHH[WHULRUGHOODGRQRURHVWH$XQDGLVWDQFLDGH
PDOVXUHVWHVHORFDOL]DORTXHVHUtDVXDYDQ]DGLOODFRQVLVWHQWHHQXQSDUDSHWR
GHSLHGUDGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODU\RULHQWDFLyQQRURHVWHVXUHVWHGHXQRVPGH
ODUJR\PGHDQFKR
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHO+DUFKDVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRGHDEDQGRQR
\UXLQDHVWDQGRGHUUXLGDVWRGDVVXVLQVWDODFLRQHV1RREVWDQWHD~QVRQYLVLEOHV
SDUWHGHVXVHVWUXFWXUDVFRPRHOIRVRHOSDUDSHWRODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV
\ODDYDQ]DGLOOD
68 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…SS

69 99$$La Legión Española…S9HUWDPELpQ)UDQFR%DKDPRQGHDiario de una
Bandera
165
9LVWDGHODHVTXLQDHVWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHODJDULWDGHODHVTXLQDHVWHGHVGHHOQRUWH
166
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHOODGRQRURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOIRVRH[WHULRUGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
167
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHO<HEHO+DUFKDGHVGHHOQRUHVWH/DÀHFKDVHxDODOD]RQDGRQGH
VHHQFXHQWUDHODQWLJXRFDPSDPHQWR
168
.(57)RUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OSHTXHxRIRUWtQGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD70VHORFDOL]DHQODPDUJHQL]TXLHUGDGHO
UtR.HUWFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUMXQWRDODFDUUHWHUD.DQGXVVL
6HJDQJiQ\DOSXHQWHGHWUHVDUFRVUHEDMDGRVGHKRUPLJyQFRQVWUXLGRHQWUH
\ SRU HO &XHUSR GH ,QJHQLHURV GHO HMpUFLWR HVSDxRO EDMR OD GLUHFFLyQ GHO
LQJHQLHUR0DQXHO*DUFtD'tD]71.
(VWHIRUWtQVHFRQVWUX\yHQPDPSRVWHUtDFRQDQWHULRULGDGDWUDVODRFX
SDFLyQHVSDxRODGHOWHUULWRULRGH%HQL6tGHOXQDYH]¿QDOL]DGDODOODPDGDCampaña
del Kert3UHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDFRQODVHVTXLQDVHQFKDÀiQGH
XQRVPGHODGRXQDVRODDOWXUDFRQDVSLOOHUDV\WHUUD]DDOPHQDGD/DHQWUDGDVH
VLW~DHQHOODGRVXURHVWH\VHHQFXHQWUDVREUHHOHYDGDFRQUHVSHFWRDODFDUUHWHUD
$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGRDXQTXHHQEXHQHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ
H[WHULRU(OLQWHULRUSRUHOFRQWUDULRHVWiFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHUUXLGR

169
)RWRGHOSXHQWHGHO.HUWGXUDQWHVXFRQVWUXFFLyQ%UDYR1LHWRAr-
quitectura y urbanismo…S
9LVWDGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOVXURHVWH6HREVHUYDODHQWUDGDVREUHHOHYDGD
170
'HWDOOHGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHODHQWUDGD
(PEOHPDGHO&XHUSRGH,QJHQLHURVGHOHMpUFLWRHVSDxROVREUHHODUFRFHQWUDOGHO
SXHQWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
171
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIRUWtQ\HOSXHQWHGHO.HUWGHVGHHORHVWH
172
08/(<5$&+,'&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(O FDPSDPHQWR VH ORFDOL]D HQ XQ SHTXHxR FHUUR DO VXU GH OD SREODFLyQ GH
0XOD\5DFKLGFDELODGH8ODG6HWXWSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUMXQWRDOODGRL]TXLHUGR
GHODFDUUHWHUDTXHXQH=HOXiQFRQ=DLR\DOJRPiVDGHODQWHFRQHOSXHQWHVREUH
HOUtR0XOX\D(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUGLFKDFDUUHWHUD
(VWD]RQDGH8ODG6HWXWVHRFXSyHQPD\RGH72SRFRDQWHVGHORVVX
FHVRVGHODCampaña del KertFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVDFFLRQHVSURPRYLGDV
SRUHOJHQHUDO*DUFtD$OGDYHSDUDFRQWURODU\GRPLQDUORVWHUULWRULRVGHODPDUJHQ
L]TXLHUGDGHO0XOX\DIURQWHUDFRQORTXHVHUtDXQDxRGHVSXpVHO3URWHFWRUDGR
IUDQFpV3RVWHULRUPHQWH\FRQDQWHULRULGDGDODesastre de Annual0XOH\5DFKLG
VHHULJHFRPRXQFDPSDPHQWRFX\D¿QDOLGDGSULQFLSDOHVODGHFRQWURODUHOFDPLQR
TXHFRPXQLFD=HOXiQFRQ=DLR\HOUtR0XOX\D&RQYHUWLGRHQXQVLPSOHSXHVWR
GHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD73SDVDUiDPDQRVULIHxDVHQHOYHUDQRGHYROYLHQGR
DUHFXSHUDUVHD¿QDOHVGHDxR
(OFDPSDPHQWRSUHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHXQRVPGHODGRFRQPXUR
SHULPHWUDOGHPDPSRVWHUtDGHPiVGHPGHDOWXUD\FXDWURJDULWDVHQFDGDHV
TXLQD(QHOODGRH[WHULRUVXURHVWHVHREVHUYDODSUHVHQFLDGHXQIRVRGHSHTXHxDV
GLPHQVLRQHV
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOUHFLQWRVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGR\GHUUXLGRKDELHQGRVLGR
DIHFWDGRWDQWRHOLQWHULRUFRPRHOH[WHULRUSRUODLQVWDODFLyQGHYDULDVDQWHQDVGH
WHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV$SHVDUGHHOORHOPXURSHULPHWUDOFRQVHUYDD~QDO]DGRVGH
PVREUHWRGRHQORVODGRVVXU\RHVWH

173
9LVWDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOHVWH6HREVHUYDQODVDQWHQDVGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLR
QHVHQVXLQWHULRU
9LVWDGHOODGRVXUGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
174
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH0XOH\5DFKLGGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
175
=$,2$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(ODFXDUWHODPLHQWRVHXELFDHQHOLQWHULRUGHODORFDOLGDGGH=DLRFDELODGH
8ODG6HWXWSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUHQXQDDOWXUDDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXH
VHGLULJHDOUtR0XOX\D
(VWHUHFLQWRGHpSRFDSRVWHULRUDODesastreVHVLW~DVREUHHOOXJDUGHOFDP
SDPHQWRH[LVWHQWHFRQDQWHULRULGDGD(VWHFDPSDPHQWRSULPLJHQLRFRQV
WUXLGRDSDUWLUGHODRFXSDFLyQHVSDxRODGH=DLRHQ\JXDUQHFLGRGXUDQWHORV
DFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGH$QQXDOSRUHO5HJLPLHQWR&HULxROD\OD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVH
FRQIRUPDEDFRPRXQDSRVLFLyQDELHUWDFRQSDUDSHWRGHIHQVLYRORFDOL]iQGRVHHQVX
LQWHULRUORVEDUUDFRQHVGHWURSDODFDVDGHORVR¿FLDOHV\XQDWRUUHWDGHGRVSLVRV
\D]RWHDDVSLOOHUDGD74$SDUWLUGHODVHJXQGDPLWDGGHODGpFDGDGHORVDxRVHO
SREODGRVLWXDGRMXQWRDOFDPSDPHQWRLUiFUHFLHQGRHQSREODFLyQ\VHFRQVWUXLUi
XQQXHYRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRTXHDOEHUJDUiDOD0HKDOODIXHU]DPLOLWDUDOVHUYLFLR
GHOUHSUHVHQWDQWHGHO6XOWiQHQOD]RQDHVSDxRODGHO3URWHFWRUDGRLQWHJUDGDSRU
VROGDGRVLQGtJHQDV\R¿FLDOHVHVSDxROHV(VWHUHFLQWRSUHVHQWDSODQWDSHQWDJRQDO
LUUHJXODUGHXQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQPXURSHULPHWUDO\QX
PHURVRVHGL¿FLRVHQVXLQWHULRU/DHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOHQIRUPDGHDUFRDSXQWDGR
GHKHUUDGXUDVHHQFXHQWUDHQHOODGRRHVWH
(QODDFWXDOLGDGSUHVHQWDXQPDOHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQHVWDQGRDSURYHFKDGRV
ORVHGL¿FLRVLQWHULRUHVFRPRSUHFDULDVYLYLHQGDV
176
3ODQRGH=DLRHQORVDxRV%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…

S
)RWRGHODUHRFXSDFLyQGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH=DLRWUDVHODesastre de Annual.
177
(QWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWD GHO HVWDGR UXLQRVR GH DOJXQDV HGL¿FDFLRQHV LQWHULRUHV GHVGH HO QRURHVWH

178
9LVWDGHOH[WHULRUGHOODGRVXUGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
*DULWDVGHDFFHVRDOODGRVXUHVWHGHODFROLQDGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRMXQWRDODFDUUH
WHUDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
179
9LVWD JHQHUDO GHO DFXDUWHODPLHQWR GH =DLR GHVGH OD FDUUHWHUD GHVGH HO VXURHVWH

180
6$)6$))XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHORFDOL]DHQXQDPHVHWDMXQWRDODPDUJHQ
L]TXLHUGDGHOUtR0XOX\DFDELODGH8ODG6HWXWSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDOVXURHVWH
GHOSXHQWHGHODFDUUHWHUD=DLR%HUNDQH6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHYDULDV
SLVWDVTXHSDUWHQGHODFDUUHWHUD
(VWD IRUWL¿FDFLyQ VH FRQVWUX\y DQWHV GH VLJXLHQGR ODV IRUPXODFLRQHV
DUTXLWHFWyQLFDVQHRiUDEHVSUR\HFWDGDVSRUHOLQJHQLHUR0DULDQR&DPSRV7RPiV
(OKHFKRGHVHUXQSXHVWRGHIURQWHUDFRQHO3URWHFWRUDGRIUDQFpVPDUJHQGHUH
FKDGHOUtR0XOX\DKL]RTXHVXFRQVWUXFFLyQUHYLVWLHVHXQDLPSRUWDQFLDPD\RU
UHVSHFWRDOUHVWRGHUHFLQWRVIRUWL¿FDGRVHQFXDQWRDVXGLVHxR\RUQDPHQWDFLyQ
RULHQWDOL]DQWH75 6H FRPSRQH GH XQ UHFLQWR UHFWDQJXODU FRQ XQDV GLPHQVLRQHV
DSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRGHXQDSODQWDDVSLOOHUDGD\GRV
WRUUHVSROLJRQDOHVHQVXViQJXORVQRUHVWH\VXURHVWHVLWXiQGRVHODHQWUDGDRULHQ
WDGDDORHVWHMXQWRDHVWD~OWLPD(QVXLQWHULRUFRQHOSLVRHPSHGUDGRVHORFDOL]D
HODOMLEH\HOHVSDFLRGHVWLQDGRDFDEDOOHUL]DV(QVXVSUR[LPLGDGHVVHORFDOL]DQ
YDULRV³EXQNHUV´RIRUWLQHVGHKRUPLJyQGHORVDxRVGHODIIª Guerra Mundial
SHUWHQHFLHQWHVDOFRPSOHMRGHIRUWL¿FDFLRQHVGHODLínea Pérez76.
(Q OD DFWXDOLGDG VH HQFXHQWUD WRWDOPHQWH DEDQGRQDGR DXQTXH SUHVHQWD XQ
EXHQDVSHFWRH[WHULRU

76 *LO\*yPH]Melilla, apuntes«S
181
)XHUWHGH6DI6DIGHVGHHORHVWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXURHVWH$ODL]TXLHUGDHOHVSDFLRGHVWLQDGRDFDED
OOHUL]DVHQODHVTXLQDLQIHULRUGHUHFKDHODOMLEHDOIRQGRODWRUUHQRUHVWH
182
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRUHVWH$ODGHUHFKDHOHVSDFLRGHODVFDEDOOHUL]DVDO
IRQGRODWRUUHVXURHVWH\ODHQWUDGD
9LVWDGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
183
%~QNHURIRUWtQ;GHODLínea PérezHQODVSUR[LPLGDGHVGHOIXHUWHGH6DI6DITXH
VHDSUHFLDDODGHUHFKDGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
184
0217($558,7$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DORFDOLGDGHVWiVLWXDGDHQODOODQXUDGHO*DUHWFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSUR
YLQFLDGH1DGRUDNPDOVXURHVWHGH=HOXiQ\DWUDYHVDGDSRUODFDUUHWHUD3
TXHHQOD]D1DGRU\$OKXFHPDVSRUHOLQWHULRUGHO5LI(ODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWR
GHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHXELFDGHQWURGHODSREODFLyQ
/DFROLQDGH0RQWH$UUXLWIXHRFXSDGDDFRPLHQ]RVGHGXUDQWHODFDP
SDxDPLOLWDUGHO.HUWFRQWUDHOOtGHUULIHxR0RKDPPHG$PH]LiQ$
SDUWLUGHVHFUHyXQSREODGRDLQLFLDWLYDGHODCompañía Española de Co-
lonizaciónFRQPDQ]DQDVGHFDVDVGHFRUDGDVFRQDUFRVGHKHUUDGXUD\DOPHQDV
GHLQÀXHQFLDFRUGREHVD-XQWRDOSREODGR\RFXSDQGRODFROLQDVHHVWDEOHFLyXQD
SRVLFLyQIRUWL¿FDGD\DGHVDSDUHFLGDHQODTXHGHVWDFDEDXQDJUDQSRUWDGDFRQ
DUFRGHKHUUDGXUDRYDODGRHQWUHWRUUHRQHVDOPHQDGRV(VWDSRUWDGDIXHFRQVWUXLGD
\UHJDODGDDOHMpUFLWRHQSRUODCompañía Española de Colonización777UDV
ORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHODVWURSDVHVSDxRODVPDQGDGDVSRUHOJHQHUDO1D
YDUURVHUHIXJLDURQHQODSRVLFLyQIRUWL¿FDGDHOGHMXOLRHQHVSHUDGHODD\XGD
GH0HOLOOD$OQROOHJDUpVWDVHSURGXMRODFDSLWXODFLyQHOGHDJRVWRWHQLHQGR
FRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDODPDVDFUHGHJUDQSDUWHGHORVVROGDGRVHVSDxROHV\ODFDX
WLYLGDGGHOJHQHUDO1DYDUUR\HOUHVWRGHVXVKRPEUHVHQSRGHUGH$EGHO.ULP
TXLHQH[LJLUiXQUHVFDWHHFRQyPLFR\XQFDQMHGHSULVLRQHURV$FRQWHFLPLHQWRV
TXHVHUHVROYHUtDQHOGHHQHURGHFRQODLQWHUPHGLDFLyQGHOHPSUHVDULR
+RUDFLR(FKHYDUULHWD78.
(ODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHFRQVWUX\yFRQSRVWHULRUL
GDGDRFWXEUHGHIHFKDGHODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHOOXJDUSRUSDUWHHVSDxRODVHJ~Q
HOSUR\HFWRGHOLQJHQLHURPLOLWDU-RVp3LQWRGHOD5RVDTXHSUHWHQGtDGHIHQGHU
FRQXQDSURWHFFLyQDPXUDOODGDODSRVLFLyQPLOLWDU\ODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVFLYLOHV79. Se
WUDWDGHXQUHFLQWRUHFWDQJXODUGHJUDQGHVGLPHQVLRQHVGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
PGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRURGHDGRGHXQPXURSHULPHWUDO\XQDHQWUDGDFRQ
WUHVDUFRVHQVXODGRQRUWH(QODSRUWDGDD~QHVYLVLEOHHOHPEOHPDGHOD3ROLFtD

78 0DGDULDJDEspaña y el Rif, crónica…S
185
,QGtJHQD(QODSDUWHSRVWHULRUVHFRQVHUYDXQDKLOHUDGHORVHGL¿FLRVFLYLOHVGHOD
Compañía Española de ColonizaciónDQWHULRUHVDO'HVDVWUH
$ODVDOLGDGHODORFDOLGDGHQGLUHFFLyQD1DGRUVHFRQVHUYDQORVUHVWRVGHOD
DJXDGDGHODGHVDSDUHFLGDSRVLFLyQIRUWL¿FDGDGH
$FWXDOPHQWHHOUHFLQWRLQWHULRUGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRHVDSURYHFKDGRSDUDOD
LQVWDODFLyQGHPHUFDGRV\QDGDTXHGDGHODDQWLJXDSRVLFLyQIRUWL¿FDGDGRQGHVH
VXFHGLHURQDOJXQRVGHORVPiVWHUULEOHV\VDQJXLQDULRVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVDFDHFLGRV
HQHOYHUDQRGH3RURWUDSDUWHORVUHVWRVPRUWDOHVGHORVGHIHQVRUHVGH0RQWH
$UUXLW\ODSODFDGHGLFDGDDVXPHPRULDHQIXHURQWUDVODGDGRVDO3DQWHyQ
GHORV+pURHVGHOFHPHQWHULRGH0HOLOODGRQGHVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODDFWXDOLGDG
WUDVOD,QGHSHQGHQFLDGH0DUUXHFRVHQ
186
3ODQR GH 0RQWH$UUXLW HQ &DUUDVFR Las imágenes del Desastre, Annual
1921S
)RWRGHODSRUWDGDGHODGHVDSDUHFLGDSRVLFLyQIRUWL¿FDGDHQ&DUUDVFRLas
imágenes del Desastre…S
187
/DSRVLFLyQIRUWL¿FDGDWUDVODUHFXSHUDFLyQD¿QDOHVGHSRUODVIXHU]DVHV
SDxRODV
5HVWRVGHORVVROGDGRVHVSDxROHVPDVDFUDGRVWUDVODUHQGLFLyQGHDJRVWRGH
188
(O$OWR&RPLVDULRJHQHUDO%HUHQJXHUIUHQWHDORVUHVWRVGHXQVROGDGRHVSDxRO
WUDVODUHFXSHUDFLyQGH0RQWH$UUXLW
3RUWDGDGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHVGHHOQRUWH6HDSUHFLDHOHPEOHPDGHOD3ROLFtD
,QGtJHQD
189
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXU6HREVHUYDVXUHXWLOL]DFLyQFRPRPHUFDGR
/D3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDDEUHYDQGRVXVFDEDOORVHQODDJXDGDGHODSRVLFLyQFRQDQWH
ULRULGDGD&DUUDVFRLas imágenes del Desastre…S
190
$EUHYDGHUR\DJXDGDGHODGHVDSDUHFLGDSRVLFLyQGHVGHHOHVWH
191
1(%6&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DHQHOERUGHRULHQWDOGHXQFHUURVLWXDGRDODL]TXLHUGD
GHODFDUUHWHUDTXHXQH=HOXiQFRQ+DVL%HUNiQFDELODGH8ODG6HWXWSURYLQFLDGH
1DGRUDOQRUWHGH6LGL6HGLN'LVSRQHGHXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLRYLVXDOVREUHORV
WHUULWRULRVVLWXDGRVDOQRUWHHVWH\VXU(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXH
SDUWHDODL]TXLHUGDGHODPHQFLRQDGDFDUUHWHUD\TXHERUGHDHOFHUURSRUHOQRUWH
1HEVIXHRFXSDGRHQPD\RGHVLJXLHQGRODVGLUHFWULFHVLPSXHVWDVSRU
HOJHQHUDO*yPH]-RUGDQD&RPDQGDQWH*HQHUDOGH0HOLOODSDUDGRPLQDUDODV
FDELODVGHOD]RQDVXUGHO3URWHFWRUDGRHVSDxRO803RVWHULRUPHQWH\HQORVPR
PHQWRVSUHYLRVDODesastre de AnnualHOFDPSDPHQWRVHHQFRQWUDEDUHGXFLGRD
XQ VLPSOH SXHVWR GH OD 3ROLFtD ,QGtJHQD81 DQWH OD LPSRUWDQFLD TXH HPSH]DED D
WHQHUOD]RQDRFFLGHQWDOGHOWHUULWRULRGH0HOLOOD&RPRODPD\RUSDUWHGHGLFKR
WHUULWRULRSDVyDPDQRVULIHxDVHQHOYHUDQRGHSDUDYROYHUDVHUUHFXSHUDGR
XQRVPHVHVGHVSXpV
(OFDPSDPHQWRGHSHTXHxDVGLPHQVLRQHVSUHVHQWDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQ
WDGDHVWHRHVWHURGHDGDGHPXURSHULPHWUDOGHPDPSRVWHUtDFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHV
DSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LVSRQHGHFXDWURJDULWDVGHSODQWD
FXDGUDGDHQODVHVTXLQDVWHQLHQGRODHQWUDGDVLWXDGDHQHOODGRRHVWH(OFDPLQR
GHDFFHVRDVFHQGtDSRUODODGHUDQRUWH
$FWXDOPHQWH VX HVWDGR GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ HV UXLQRVR \ DEDQGRQDGR FRQ ODV
HVWUXFWXUDV GHUUXLGDV KDELHQGR GHVDSDUHFLGR FRPSOHWDPHQWH OD JDULWD GH OD HV
TXLQDQRUHVWH(QODODGHUDQRUWHD~QVHSXHGHQREVHUYDUORVUHVWRVGHVXDQWLJXR
FDPLQRGHDFFHVR

192
9LVWDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHORHVWH
5HVWRVGHOODGRVXUGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHVGHHOHVWH
193
5HVWRVGHOODGRRHVWHGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHVGHHOQRUWH6HREVHUYDHOHVSDFLR
GHVWLQDGRDODHQWUDGD$OIRQGROD]RQDGH6LGL6HGLN
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOH[WUHPRRULHQWDOGHOFHUURGH1HEVGHVGHHOQRUWH
194
6,',6(',.&DPSDPHQWR\IRUWtQ
&DPSDPHQWR /DWLWXG¶¶¶ )RUWtQ /DWLWXG¶¶¶

$OWLWXGP $OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRGH6LGL6HGLNVHORFDOL]DDOVXUGH1HEVHQXQFHUURD
ODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHGHVGH=HOXiQVHGLULJHD+DVL%HUNiQFDELODGH
%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU'LVSRQHGHXQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDOHQWRGDV
GLUHFFLRQHV(OIRUWtQVHVLW~DXQRVNPDOVXUGHOFDPSDPHQWRHQXQSHTXHxR
FHUURMXQWRDODPDUJHQL]TXLHUGDGHODPLVPDFDUUHWHUD(ODFFHVRDOFDPSDPHQWR
VHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD\TXHERUGHD
SRUHOQRUWHHOFDQDOTXHUHFRUUHWRGDHVWD]RQD
(VWHFRQMXQWRIRUWL¿FDGRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD82H[LVWtDFRQDQWHULRULGDGD
\DTXHWRGDHVWD]RQDGHOVXUGHO3URWHFWRUDGRIXHRFXSDGDHQ83(O
FDPSDPHQWR GH SODQWD UHFWDQJXODU RULHQWDGD QRUHVWHVXURHVWH WLHQH XQDV GL
PHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\GHDQFKR6HHQFXHQWUDURGHDGR
GHPXURSHULPHWUDO\HQVXLQWHULRUVHORFDOL]DQYDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHV\WLHQGDV
FyQLFDV$OH[WHULRUHQHOODGRVXUVHREVHUYDQUHVWRVGHWULQFKHUDVTXHSXGLHURQ
SHUWHQHFHUDODLínea Pérez+DFLDHOQRUHVWHDXQRVPVHVLW~DODDYDQ]DGLOOD
GHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODU\PXURSHULPHWUDOGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR(OIRUWtQ84
VHFRQIRUPDFRPRXQUHFLQWRFLUFXODUGHSHTXHxDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHXQRVPGH
GLiPHWURHQPDPSRVWHUtDFRQXQDDOWXUD\DVSLOOHUDV
$FWXDOPHQWHWRGRHOFRQMXQWRVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQGRQDGR
HVWDQGRHOIRUWtQTXHWLHQHWRWDOPHQWHGHUUXLGDODPLWDGHVWHURGHDGRGHYDULDV
DQWHQDVGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV

195
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHOODGRQRURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOVX
URHVWH
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHOFHUFRGHXQDFyQLFDHQHOLQWHULRUGHOODGRVXUHVWH
196
9LVWDGHXQDWULQFKHUDHQHOODGRH[WHULRUVXUGHVGHHOQRUWH
9LVWDGHODDYDQ]DGLOODGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
197
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
5XLQDVGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOQRUWH
198
9LVWDGHODVUXLQDVGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOHVWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIRUWtQGH6LGL6HGLNGHVGHHOVXU
199
6)Ë$&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DHQXQFHUURVLWXDGRDORHVWHGHODFDUUHWHUD=HOXiQ
+DVL%HUNiQMXQWRDOFUXFHFRQODTXHVHGLULJHD=DLR\DOVXUHVWHGHXQDFDQWHUD
FDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU&XHQWDFRQEXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDO
VREUHORVDOUHGHGRUHV(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHODSLVWDTXHGHVGHHOFUXFH
OOHJDKDVWDODFDQWHUD
6ItDVHRFXSyHQODSULPDYHUDGHGXUDQWHHODYDQFHSURPRYLGRSRUHO
JHQHUDO*yPH]-RUGDQDKDFLDOD]RQDVXUGHO3URWHFWRUDGR85$SDUWLUGHHQWRQFHV
VHHVWDEOHFLyXQFDPSDPHQWRTXHFXPSOtDODIXQFLyQGHFRQWURODUODVFRPXQLFD
FLRQHVFRQOD]RQDGH+DVL%HUNiQ\=DLR&RQODOOHJDGDDOFDUJRGH&RPDQGDQWH
*HQHUDOGH0HOLOODGHOJHQHUDO)HUQiQGH]6LOYHVWUHHQ6ItDFRPRRWURVWDQWRV
FDPSDPHQWRVGHOD]RQDLQWHULRUGHOWHUULWRULRSHUGLyLPSRUWDQFLDFRQUHVSHFWRD
ODVQXHYDVRFXSDFLRQHVGHOD]RQDRFFLGHQWDOGH$QQXDOYLHQGRDVtUHGXFLGDVVXV
JXDUQLFLRQHV'HOPLVPRPRGRSDVyDPDQRVULIHxDVGXUDQWHHODesastre.
(O UHFLQWR SUHVHQWD SODQWD UHFWDQJXODU RULHQWDGD QRUHVWHVXURHVWH FRQ XQDV
GLPHQVLRQHV DSUR[LPDGDV GH P GH ODUJR \ P GH DQFKR \ FRQ SDUDSHWR
SHULPHWUDO&XHQWDFRQXQDJDULWDHQODHVTXLQDQRUWH\ODHQWUDGDVHVLWXDUtDHQ
HOODGRQRUHVWH(OLQWHULRUVHHQFXHQWUDRFXSDGRSRUQXPHURVDVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
+DFLDHOQRUHVWHDXQRVPVHVLW~DODDYDQ]DGLOODFRQIRUPiQGRVHFRPRXQ
UHFLQWRUHFWDQJXODUGHSHTXHxDVGLPHQVLRQHVFRQSDUDSHWR\GRVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
HQHOLQWHULRU
$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRGHDEDQGRQR\SUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXLGR
VL ELHQ D~Q VRQ SHUFHSWLEOHV ORV SHTXHxRV FHUFRV R SDUDSHWRV FLUFXODUHV GH ODV
WLHQGDVFyQLFDV0X\SUy[LPRDOUHFLQWRKDFLDHOQRUHVWHVHORFDOL]DXQDFDQWHUD
HQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRSRUORTXHSRGUtDUHVXOWDUDIHFWDGRHQXQIXWXUR
200
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH(QSULPHUSODQROD
]RQDGHODHQWUDGD\HOSDUDSHWRGHUUXLGR
'HWDOOHGHOFHUFRGHXQDGHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDVGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
201
'HWDOOHGHOFHUFRGHXQDGHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDVGHODDYDQ]DGLOODGHVGHHOVXURHV
WH$OIRQGRVHDSUHFLDODFDQWHUD
202
+$6,%(5.È1$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(ODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHORFDOL]DHQODSDUWHDOWD
GHOSREODGRGH+DVL%HUNiQFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDORV
SLHVGHXQPRQWHTXHORGRPLQDSRUHOVXUHVWH6HDFFHGHDpOSRUODORFDOLGDG
GH5H\pQDWUDYpVGHXQDFDUUHWHUDTXHSDUWHDODL]TXLHUGDGHODTXHSURFHGHGH
=HOXiQ'RPLQDYLVXDOPHQWHODOODQXUDGH+DUDLJVLWXDGDDORHVWH
(OFDPSDPHQWR\DH[LVWtDFRQDQWHULRULGDGDORVVXFHVRVGH\VHFRQ
IRUPDEDFRPRXQDSRVLFLyQFRPSOHWDPHQWHDELHUWD\FRQVWLWXLGDSRUYDULDVHGL
¿FDFLRQHVOLJHUDVDJUXSDGDV86'XUDQWHORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGHOYHUDQRGH
FD\yHQSRGHUGHODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVPXULHQGRODPD\RUSDUWHGHVXVGHIHQVRUHV
LQFOXLGRVXMHIHHOWHQLHQWH&DVDGR&RQSRVWHULRULGDGDODUHFRQTXLVWDHVSDxROD
GHHVWHWHUULWRULRVHDFRPHWLyODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQDPXUDOODSHULPHWUDODOPHQDGD
GHSODQWDFXDGUDGDXQRVPGHODGR\GRWDGDGHWRUUHVGHIHQVLYDVDVLPLVPR
DOPHQDGDVPRUIROyJLFDPHQWHPX\VLPLODUDODGHOD$OFD]DEDGH=HOXiQ/DHQ
WUDGDVHHQFXHQWUDRULHQWDGDDORHVWH
$FWXDOPHQWH VH HQFXHQWUD DEDQGRQDGR \ HQ HVWDGR UXLQRVR FRQVHUYiQGRVH
DOJXQRV GH ORV HGL¿FLRV GH OD 3ROLFtD ,QGtJHQD HQ ORV TXH VH YLYLHURQ WHUULEOHV
FRPEDWHVHQWUHULIHxRV\HVSDxROHV
203
(GL¿FLRSULQFLSDOGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDHQGRQGHPXULyHOWHQLHQWH&DVDGRWUDV
VXUHRFXSDFLyQHVSDxRODFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDODesastre de Annual.
(OJHQHUDO&DEDQHOODV\HOFRURQHO5LTXHOPHHQ+DVL%HUNiQHQHOHGL¿FLRSULQFL
SDOGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDYLHQGRUHFRJHUORVUHVWRVGHOWHQLHQWH&DVDGR&DUUDV
FRLas imágenes del Desastre…S
204
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODSRVLFLyQGH+DVL%HUNiQWUDVODUHRFXSDFLyQHVSDxROD&DUUDV
FRLas imágenes del Desastre…S
3DUWHWUDVHUDGHOHGL¿FLRSULQFLSDOGHODDQWLJXDSRVLFLyQGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
205
(PEOHPDGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDYLVLEOHHQODSDUHGRHVWHGHOHGL¿FLRSULQFLSDOGH
ODDQWLJXDSRVLFLyQ
(QWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRSRVWHULRUDGHVGHHORHVWH
206
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH+DVL%HUNiQGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
207
$5%$$+$5$,*)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHORFDOL]DHQODOODQXUDGH+DUDLJFDELODGH
%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDORHVWHGH+DVL%HUNiQ7LHQHXQDPSOLRGRPL
QLRYLVXDOGHODOODQXUD\VXDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHYDULDVSLVWDVTXHSDUWHQD
ODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHSURYLHQHGH=HOXiQ\5H\pQ8QDGHHVWDVSLVWDVHVWi
DWUDYHVDGDSRUODVREUDVGHODOtQHDIHUURYLDULDTXHHQOD]DUi1DGRUFRQ7DRXULUW
6HWUDWDGHXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQHQIiEULFDGHPDPSRVWHUtDDQWHULRUDTXHVH
FRQIRUPDFRPRXQUHFLQWRUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGRQRUWHVXUFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHV
DSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRGHGRVDOWXUDV\GRVWRUUHVFLUFXODUHV
HQORViQJXORVQRURHVWH\VXUHVWH$GHPiVGHODSLHGUDVHHPSOHDURQDVLPLVPR
RWURVPDWHULDOHVFRPRHOODGULOORSDUDHOHQPDUTXHGHYDQRV\ODWDVGHFRQVHUYD
FRPRHOHPHQWRVXVWHQWDQWHGHOSLVRVXSHULRUGHOLQWHULRUGHODWRUUHVXUHVWH/D
HQWUDGDVHVLWXDUtDHQHOODGRHVWH3UHVHQWDGHWDOOHVRUQDPHQWDOHVQHRiUDEHVTXH
OHGDQHODVSHFWRGHFDVWLOORGHUHIHUHQWHVPHGLHYDOHVH[yWLFRV87.
$FWXDOPHQWHSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRPSOHWRDEDQGRQR\UXLQDFRQDOJXQR
GH VXV OLHQ]RV WRWDOPHQWH GHUUXLGRV$ SHVDU GH HOOR D~Q VH SXHGH DSUHFLDU VX
HVWUXFWXUDRULJLQDO
87 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…SS
208
9LVWDGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
9LVWDGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOVXU
209
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIXHUWH\ODOODQXUDGH+DUDLJGHVGHHOHVWH
210
.$516=,$&+$)XHUWH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIXHUWHGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHVLW~DHQXQFHUURVREUHODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHO
8HG6LGL0DDUXIFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDOVXUGHODOODQXUD
GH+DUDLJ'RPLQDYLVXDOPHQWHHOWHUULWRULRVLWXDGRDOVXUTXHIXH]RQDIUDQFHVD
GHO3URWHFWRUDGR3DUDDFFHGHUDOIXHUWHHVFRQYHQLHQWHVHJXLUXQDSLVWDGHYDULRV
NLOyPHWURVGHORQJLWXGTXHDWUDYLHVDYDULDVYHFHVHOFDXFHGHO8HG6LGL0DDUXI
(VWH UHFLQWR FRQVWUXLGR HQ PDPSRVWHUtD \ ODGULOOR VHJ~Q HO SUR\HFWR GHO
LQJHQLHUR PLOLWDU (PLOLR$O]XJDUD\88 VLJXLHQGR ORV HVTXHPDV DUTXLWHFWyQLFRV
QHRiUDEHVHVDQWHULRUD6HFRPSRQHGHXQUHFLQWRUHFWDQJXODUGHSHTXHxDV
GLPHQVLRQHVRULHQWDGRQRUWHVXUGHXQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LVSRQtD
RULJLQDULDPHQWHGHWUHVWRUUHVFLUFXODUHVGHODVFXDOHVGRVVHVLW~DQHQORViQJXORV
QRURHVWH\VXUHVWH\XQDHQHOODGRRHVWHMXQWRDODHQWUDGD\HODOMLEH(ODJXDTXH
FRQWHQtDHVWHGHSyVLWRQRHUDSRWDEOHXWLOL]iQGRVH~QLFDPHQWHSDUDHOJDQDGR\
XVRVRUGLQDULRV89.
6XHVWDGRDFWXDOHVUXLQRVRFRQODPD\RUSDUWHGHVXHVWUXFWXUDGHUUXLGDD
FDXVDGHOVHtVPRGH$OKXFHPDVGH90.
88 6LOYDEl Rif6LHWH/HJXDVQ;9,,S

90 ,QIRUPDFLyQIDFLOLWDGDYtDHPDLOSRUHOHVWXGLRVRPHOLOOHQVH6DQWLDJR'RPtQJXH]/ORVi
211
9LVWDGHOIXHUWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOOLHQ]RHVWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
212
'HWDOOHGHODWRUUHRHVWH\HODOMLEHGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIXHUWHGH.DUQV=LDFKDGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
213
,&+868*$-&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DDOVXUGHODOODQXUDGH(O*DUHWHQXQFHUURVLWXDGR
DORHVWHGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHFRPXQLFD0RQWH$UUXLWFRQ+DVL8HQ]JD\DOVXUHVWH
GHXQDFDQWHUDFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU&XHQWDFRQEXHQ
GRPLQLRYLVXDOVREUHHOWHUULWRULRFLUFXQGDQWH(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHOD
SLVWDTXHSDUWHDODGHUHFKDGHODFLWDGDFDUUHWHUD\TXHERUGHDSRUHOQRUWHHOFHUUR
/D]RQDGH,FK8VXJDMVHRFXSyHQEDMRHOPDQGDWRGHOJHQHUDO$L]SXUX
FRPR &RPDQGDQWH *HQHUDO GH 0HOLOOD TXH FRQWLQXy FRQ OD SROtWLFD GH RFXSD
FLRQHV\DYDQFHVGHVXDQWHFHVRUHOJHQHUDO*yPH]-RUGDQD913RVWHULRUPHQWH\
HQORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDODesastreHOFDPSDPHQWRIRUPySDUWHGHORVSXHVWRV
JXDUQHFLGRVSRUOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDSHUWHQHFLHQWHVDODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQPLOLWDUGH
7HOD]WD%X%HNHU92&RPRODPD\RUSDUWHGHOWHUULWRULRGH0HOLOODSDVDUiDPDQRV
ULIHxDVHQHOYHUDQRGHVLHQGRUHFXSHUDGRXQDxRGHVSXpV
(OFDPSDPHQWRWLHQHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRUHVWHVXURHVWHFRQXQDV
GLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LVSRQHGHSDUDSHWR
SHULPHWUDOGHPDPSRVWHUtD\FXDWURJDULWDVHQODVHVTXLQDVVLHQGRH[WHULRUHVODV
GHOODGRQRUHVWHHLQWHULRUHVODVGHOVXURHVWH(OLQWHULRUVHHQFXHQWUDRFXSDGRSRU
QXPHURVDVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV\XQDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHPDPSRVWHUtDGHSODQWDUHFWDQ
JXODUGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRHQHOODGRVXURHVWHSRVLEOHPHQWHGHVWLQDGD
DODR¿FLDOLGDGGHODJXDUQLFLyQ$VLPLVPRHOFDPSDPHQWRWLHQHGRVDYDQ]DGLOODV
VLWXDGDVDOVXUHVWH8QDGHODVDYDQ]DGLOODVVLWXDGDDXQRVPGHGLVWDQFLD
SUHVHQWDSODQWDURPERLGDOPLHQWUDVODRWUDGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUVHXELFDDXQRV
PGHODSULQFLSDO
$FWXDOPHQWH HO UHFLQWR SUHVHQWD XQ HVWDGR GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ UXLQRVR \ GH
FRPSOHWRDEDQGRQRDXQTXHVRQYLVLEOHVORVUHVWRVGHOSDUDSHWRORVFHUFRVGHODV
WLHQGDVFyQLFDV\ODFRQVWUXFFLyQUHFWDQJXODU

214
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOODGRQRUHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH

9LVWDGHOODGRQRURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
215
9LVWDGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQUHFWDQJXODULQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXURHVWH(QSULPHUSODQR
HOFHUFRGHXQDWLHQGDFyQLFD
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQUHFWDQJXODULQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
216
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOD]RQDGRQGHVHXELFDEDHOFDPSDPHQWRGH,FK8VXJDMGHVGH
HOVXU
217
(5*$'$&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DDOVXUGH,FK8VXJDMHQXQFHUURVLWXDGRDODGHUHFKD
GHODFDUUHWHUDGH0RQWH$UUXLWD+DVL8HQ]JDFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLD
GH1DGRU'LVSRQHGHEXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDOVREUHORVDOUHGHGRUHVHVSHFLDOPHQWH
KDFLDHOQRUWH\QRURHVWH3DUDVXDFFHVRVHKDFHQHFHVDULRDVFHQGHUDSLHSRUOD
ODGHUDQRUHVWHPX\SUy[LPDDODFDUUHWHUD
(UJDGDFRPRODVSRVLFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVGHHVWD]RQDIXHRFXSDGDHQGX
UDQWHHOPDQGDWRGHOJHQHUDO$L]SXUXFRPR&RPDQGDQWH*HQHUDOGH0HOLOOD$O
LJXDOTXHHOFDPSDPHQWRGH,FK8VXJDMHOGH(UJDGDVHHQFXHQWUDRFXSDGRFRQ
DQWHULRULGDGDORVVXFHVRVGHSRUXQGHVWDFDPHQWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD
SHUWHQHFLHQWHDODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQPLOLWDUGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU93'HLJXDOIRUPD
SDVDUiDSRGHUGHODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVHQHOWUDQVFXUVRGHORVGHVDVWURVRVDFRQWHFL
PLHQWRVYLYLGRVHVHDxRUHFXSHUiQGRVHDODxRVLJXLHQWH
(OUHFLQWRGHSHTXHxDVGLPHQVLRQHVWLHQHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUGHXQRVP
GHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQXQDRULHQWDFLyQQRURHVWHVXUHVWH(VWiURGHDGRGH
SDUDSHWRGHSLHGUDFRQFXDWURJDULWDVHQODVHVTXLQDV+DFLDHOVXUHVWHDXQRV
PVHORFDOL]DXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHPDPSRVWHUtDDPRGRGHDYDQ]DGLOODGHSODQWD
UHFWDQJXODUGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQXQSHTXHxRWRUUHyQFXDGUDGR
HQODHVTXLQDVXURHVWHHVWDQGRVXLQWHULRUFRPSDUWLPHQWDGRHQYDULDVHVWDQFLDV
$FWXDOPHQWH VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HVWDGR GH UXLQD \ DEDQGRQR FRQVHUYDQGR OD
DYDQ]DGLOODXQDDOWXUDGHPiVGHXQPHWURHQVXVPXURV
218
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOSDUDSHWR\GHOLQWHULRUGHUHFLQWRGHVGHHOVXU$O
IRQGRHOFHUURGH,FK8VXJDM
9LVWDGHOD]RQDQRURHVWHGHVGHHOHVWH
219
'HWDOOH GHO HVWDGR UXLQRVR GHO ODGR VXUHVWH GHO SDUDSHWR GHVGH HO QRURHVWH (Q
VHJXQGRSODQRORVUHVWRVGHODDYDQ]DGLOOD
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHODDYDQ]DGLOODGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
220
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURGH(UJDGDGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
221
$51(%&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DDOVXURHVWHGH(UJDGDHQXQFHUURXELFDGRDODGH
UHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUD0RQWH$UUXLW+DVL8HQ]JDFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLD
GH1DGRU7LHQHXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLRYLVXDOHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHV6XDFFHVRVH
UHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWLHQGRGHODFDUUHWHUDDVFLHQGHSRUHOQRUHVWH
KDVWDODVDQWHQDVGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHVLQVWDODGDVHQODFLPDGHOFHUUR
(OJHQHUDO$L]SXUXHQVXGHVHRGHVLWXDUEDMRGRPLQLRHVSDxROOD]RQDVXUGH
%HQL%X<DKLRFXSy$UQHEHQ94SDVDQGRDFRQYHUWLUVHSRFRVDxRVGHVSXpV
HQXQSXHVWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDGHODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU95.
&RUULyLGpQWLFDVXHUWHTXHHOUHVWRGHFDPSDPHQWRVGXUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDO
GH
(OUHFLQWRSUHVHQWDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUFRQRULHQWDFLyQQRUHVWHVXURHVWH\XQDV
GLPHQVLRQHVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR6HHQFXHQWUDURGHDGRGHSDUDSHWR
GHPDPSRVWHUtD\HOLQWHULRUHVWiFRPSDUWLPHQWDGRHQGRVHVSDFLRVVHSDUDGRVGH
QRURHVWHDVXUHVWHSRUXQHVSDFLRHPSHGUDGRDPRGRGHFDOOHMXHODXELFiQGRVHHQ
HOVHFWRUPHULGLRQDOGRVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHSODQWDFXDGUDGD\GRVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
HQHOVHSWHQWULRQDO$OH[WHULRUSRUHOQRUWH\QRURHVWHVHREVHUYDODSUHVHQFLD
GHXQSHTXHxRIRVRFRQVXLQWHULRUIRUUDGRFRQEORTXHVSpWUHRV&RPRKXHOODGHO
DQWLJXRDFFHVRVHFRQVHUYDHQHOODGRQRURHVWHORVUHVWRVGHOFDPLQRHPSHGUDGR
GHOLPLWDGRSRUGRVKLOHUDVGHSLHGUDTXHVHGLULJtDKDFLDODHQWUDGD$VLPLVPRHO
FHUURVHHQFXHQWUDURGHDGRGHXQVLVWHPDGHWULQFKHUDVTXHVHUtDIUXWRGHOGHVDUUROOR
GHODOODPDGDLínea PérezDSULQFLSLRVGHORVDxRV
(OHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQDFWXDOHVUXLQRVR\GHWRWDODEDQGRQRHVWDQGROD
PD\RUSDUWHGHODVHVWUXFWXUDVGHUUXLGDV6HKDYLVWRDIHFWDGRUHFLHQWHPHQWHSRU
ODLQVWDODFLyQGHYDULDVDQWHQDVGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHVHQHOFHUUR

222
/DGRQRUHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRDFWXDOGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
223
9LVWDGHOHVSDFLRHPSHGUDGRTXHVHSDUDHQGRVHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOIRVRGHOD]RQDH[WHULRUQRUWHGHVGHHOHVWH
224
9LVWDGHODQWLJXRFDPLQRGHDFFHVRGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDGHXQDGHODVWULQFKHUDVLWXDGDVDORHVWHGHVGHHOHVWH
225
9LVWDJHQHUDOGH$UQHEGHVGHHOQRUHVWH6HDSUHFLDQODVDQWHQDVGHWHOHFRPXQL
FDFLRQHVLQVWDODGDVUHFLHQWHPHQWH
226
$)6Ï&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DDOVXUGH$UQHEHQOD]RQDQRUHVWHGHODOODQXUD
GHO*XHUUXDRFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUDODL]TXLHUGDGHOD
FDUUHWHUD0RQWH$UUXLW+DVL8HQ]JD6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXH
SDUWLHQGRGHODFDUUHWHUD\SDVDQGRMXQWRDODQWLJXR]RFRGHODpSRFDHVSDxROD
OOHJDKDVWDORVUHVWRVGHOUHFLQWR
(OUHFLQWRGH$IVyHUDHQORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDODesastre de AnnualXQD
SRVLFLyQFRQGpELOHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHIHQVLYDVFRQHOSDUDSHWRGHUUXLGR\RFXSDGD
SRUXQDUHGXFLGDJXDUQLFLyQGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD\DOJXQRVVROGDGRVSHQLQVX
ODUHV&RQDQWHULRULGDGHQ$IVyVHKDEtDHVWDEOHFLGRXQLPSRUWDQWHFDPSDPHQWR
FRQSDUDSHWRFRQWLQXR\HGL¿FDFLRQHVSDUDORVGLVWLQWRVVHUYLFLRVDXQTXHWUDVOD
RFXSDFLyQGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU\OD]RQDRHVWHGHO*XHUUXDRIXHSHUGLHQGRLP
SRUWDQFLDTXHGDQGRUHGXFLGRDXQVLPSOHSXHVWRGH3ROLFtDFRQOD¿QDOLGDGGH
DVHJXUDUHOFDPLQRTXHSURYHQLHQWHGHODV)XHQWHVGH(UPLODDOHVWHVHGLULJtD
KDFLDODVSRVLFLRQHVGHORHVWHGHO*XHUUXDR\IDFLOLWDEDHOVXPLQLVWURGHDJXDDODV
PLVPDVDWUDYpVGHFRQYR\HV(ODEDQGRQRGHODSRVLFLyQSRUSDUWHGHODJXDUQLFLyQ
LQGtJHQDGXUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGHMXOLRGHSURYRFyODKXLGDGHORVVROGDGRV
SHQLQVXODUHVKDFLDOD]RQDIUDQFHVDGHO3URWHFWRUDGRVLHQGRDFRJLGRVHQHOSXHVWR
GH+DVL8HQ]JD968QDxRGHVSXpVODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVYROYLHURQDUHFXSHUDUOD
]RQDGH$IVy
(O FDPSDPHQWR VH FRQIRUPD FRPR XQ UHFLQWR GH JUDQGHV GLPHQVLRQHV GH
SODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRUWHVXU\XQDVPHGLGDVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGH
ORQJLWXG\PGHDQFKXUD'LVSRQHGHSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOFRQFRQVWUXFFLRQHV
DQH[DVSRUVXODGRLQWHUQR(QHOODGRRHVWHDOH[WHULRUVHVLW~DQODVHGL¿FDFLRQHV
SULQFLSDOHVFRQVWUXLGDVFRQSRVWHULRULGDGD\XQDOMLEHGHSODQWDFLUFXODUGH
VLPLODUHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDOGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\GHDEDQGRQRHVWDQGRFRP
SOHWDPHQWHDUUXLQDGRHOSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDO(ODOMLEH\ODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVSULQFLSDOHV
VHPDQWLHQHQHQSLHDXQTXHFRQODVSXHUWDV\YHQWDQDVWDSLDGDV-XQWRDHVWRV
UHVWRVH[LVWHKR\XQUHFLQWRHVFRODU
227
)RWRGHODUHRFXSDFLyQGHOFDPSDPHQWRHQ'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas

de Marruecos…S
9LVWDGHODHVTXLQDQRUHVWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH6HDSUHFLDHOSDUDSHWRGHUUXLGR\DO
IRQGRORVUHVWRVGHODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVSULQFLSDOHV\HODFWXDOUHFLQWRHVFRODU
228
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH6HDSUHFLDODKXHOODGHO
SDUDSHWRSRUODGLIHUHQWHYHJHWDFLyQTXHFUHFHVREUHpO
9LVWDGHODOMLEHMXQWRDODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVSULQFLSDOHVGHVGHHOHVWH
229
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH$IVyGHVGHHOHVWH(QSULPHUSODQRODSLVWDSRU
ODTXHVHDFFHGHDODV)XHQWHVGH(UPLOD
230
)8(17(6'((50,/$&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHORFDOL]DDOQRUHVWHGHODOODQXUDGHO*XHUUXDRXQRVWUHV
NLOyPHWURVDOHVWHGH$IVyFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6XDFFHVR
VHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHODSLVWDTXHSDUWLHQGRDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD0RQWH
$UUXLW+DVL8HQ]JDMXQWRDO]RFRGH$IVyDOFDQ]DOD]RQDGH(UPLOD
3RFRDQWHVGHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHHOUHFLQWRPLOLWDUGHODV)XHQWHV
GH(UPLODHUDXQSXHVWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD97FRQODIXQFLyQGHYLJLODUORVSR
]RVGHDJXDTXHH[LVWtDQHQODVFHUFDQtDV\TXHDEDVWHFtDQDODVSRVLFLRQHVGHOD
FLUFXQVFULSFLyQPLOLWDUGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU3RVWHULRUPHQWH\DPHGLDGRVGHORV
DxRVVHHVWDEOHFHXQFDPSDPHQWRSDUDXQDJXDUQLFLyQGHOD0HKDOOD98FRQ
LGpQWLFDVIXQFLRQHVDODVGHOSXHVWRGHOD3ROLFtD
(OUHFLQWRGHDVSHFWRH[yWLFR\FRORQLDOFRQRUQDPHQWDFLyQGHSDOPHUDVFRPR
YHJHWDFLyQDUEyUHDSUHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDRULHQWDGDRHVWHHVWHFRQXQDVGLPHQ
VLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODGR(VWiFRQVWLWXLGRSRUXQDVHULHGHHGL¿FDFLRQHV
GLVWULEXLGDVHQWRUQRDXQJUDQSDWLRFHQWUDOHQFX\RLQWHULRUVHVLW~DXQDIXHQWHGH
SODQWDKHSWDJRQDO(OHGL¿FLRSULQFLSDOGHXQDSODQWD\WHUUD]DVHXELFDGHIRUPD
VDOLHQWHHQHOODGRRHVWHGLVSRQLHQGRGHHVFDOLQDWDVGHDFFHVR\HQWUDGDSRUWLFDGD
VREUHODTXHDSDUHFHHOHPEOHPDGHOD0HKDOODFRQODIHFKDGH(QHOODGR
VXU\RFXSDQGRWRGDVXORQJLWXGVHVLW~DHOHGL¿FLRGHVWLQDGRDODVFDEDOOHUL]DV
GLVSXHVWRFRPRXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQUHFWDQJXODUFRQVLVWHPDGHFXELHUWDDGRVDJXDV
/RVYDQRVGHHQWUDGDVRQVLPLODUHVWDQWRGHVGHHOLQWHULRUFRPRGHVGHHOH[WHULRU
FRQHOVXHORHPSHGUDGR\ODVSDUHGHVLQWHULRUHVGHFRUDGDVFRQD]XOHMRVGHWRQDOLGDG
YHUGRVD(QODSDUHGLQWHULRUHVWHVHDSUHFLDSLQWDGRGHURMRXQDQLOORVDORPyQLFR
HPEOHPDGHOD0HKDOODFRQHOQ~PHURHQVXSDUWHLQIHULRU99(QHOODGRQRUWHVH
VLW~DQYDULDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVFRQWHMDGRVDGREOHYHUWLHQWHFRQVROHUtDVFRPSXHVWDV
GHEDOGRVDVGHWRQDOLGDGHVEODQFDV\JULVHVTXHHVWDUtDQGHVWLQDGDVDHVWDQFLDV
SDUDODWURSD$VLPLVPRHQHVWHODGRQRUWHVHORFDOL]DXQDSRVLEOHDOEHUFDFRQ

98 $VtORLQGLFDODIHFKDGHGHQWURGHODQLOORVDORPyQLFRHPEOHPDGHOD0HKDOODVLWXDGRVREUH
ODHQWUDGDGHOHGL¿FLRSULQFLSDOGHOFDPSDPHQWR
99 6HWUDWDGHOD0HKDOODGH0HOLOODTXHIXHFRQVWLWXLGDHQFRQHVWDQXPHUDFLyQ&DUUDVFR\'H
0HVDLas tropas de África en las campañas de MarruecosS
231
HVFDOHUDVLQWHULRUHV(QHOODGRHVWH\GHIRUPDVDOLHQWHVHVLW~DXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQ
GHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUGHPHQRUHVGLPHQVLRQHVTXHODVGHVFULWDVDQWHULRUPHQWH\
SRVLEOHPHQWHGHVWLQDGDDVHUYLUGHSXHVWRGHJXDUGLD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOFRPSOHMRFDPSDPHQWDOVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVRFRQ
ORVWHMDGRVGHODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVGHODVFDEDOOHUL]DV\WURSDSUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXL
GRV1RREVWDQWHQRVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGR\DTXHHOHGL¿FLRSULQFLSDOVLUYH
GHYLYLHQGDSDUDXQDIDPLOLDTXHDSURYHFKDHOSDWLRFHQWUDOSDUDGDUFRELMRDVX
UHEDxRGHRYHMDV
232
9LVWDGHOHGL¿FLRSULQFLSDOGHVGHHORHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOHPEOHPDGHOD0HKDOODFRQODIHFKDGH
233
9LVWDGHOSRVLEOHSXHVWRGHJXDUGLDGHOODGRHVWHGHVGHHOHVWH'HL]TXLHUGDD
GHUHFKDODVFDEDOOHUL]DVHOSDWLRFHQWUDO\ODVHVWDQFLDVGHODWURSD$OIRQGRHO
HGL¿FLRSULQFLSDO
9LVWDGHOODGRH[WHULRUGHODVFDEDOOHUL]DVGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
234
9LVWD GHO SDWLR FHQWUDO GHVGH HO QRURHVWH (Q SULPHU SODQR OD IXHQWH GH SODQWD
KHSWDJRQDO$OIRQGRODVFDEDOOHUL]DV
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHODVFDEDOOHUL]DVGHVGHHOHVWH
235
'HWDOOHGHODQLOORVDORPyQLFRGHOD0HKDOODHQODSDUHGHVWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHOHGL¿FLRSDUDODWURSDGHVGHHORHVWH
236
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH)XHQWHVGH(UPLODGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
237
868*$)RUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(ODQWLJXRIRUWtQGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHORFDOL]DHQORDOWRGHOFHUURTXH
GRPLQDODVSREODFLRQHVGH7LVWXWtQ\%DWHOVLWXDGDVDOVXU\VXURHVWHUHVSHFWLYD
PHQWHFDELODGH%HQL%X<DKLSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDSLH
SRUODYHUWLHQWHQRUWH'LVSRQHGHXQLPSRUWDQWHGRPLQLRYLVXDOGHODOODQXUDGHO
*DUHWKDFLDHOVXU\VXUHVWH
(OUHFLQWRH[LVWtDFRQDQWHULRULGDGDORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGH\HQHO
WUDQVFXUVRGHORVPLVPRVODJXDUQLFLyQGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDGHVHUWy\UHIRU]yHO
DVHGLRULIHxRDORVFDPSDPHQWRVGH%DWHO\7LVWXWtQGXUDQWHODUHWLUDGDHVSDxROD
KDFLD0RQWH$UUXLW100.
(OIRUWtQFRQVWUXLGRFRQKRUPLJyQSUHVHQWDSODQWDFXDGUDGDFRQODVHVTXLQDV
HQFKDÀiQFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHPGHDQFKXUDFDGDODGR\PFDGDHVTXL
QD\XQDRULHQWDFLyQQRUHVWHVXURHVWH6HFRPSRQHGHXQDSODQWDDVSLOOHUDGD\
WHUUD]DDOPHQDGDDODTXHVHDFFHGHDWUDYpVGHXQDHVFDOHUDGHIiEULFDDQH[DD
ODFDUDLQWHULRUGHOODGRVXURHVWHWHQLHQGRODHQWUDGDHQODHVTXLQDVXU(OHPSOHR
GHOKRUPLJyQKDFHSHQVDUHQXQDUHFRQVWUXFFLyQSRVWHULRUDFRQHO¿QGH
UHIRU]DUODWRUUHWDH[LVWHQWH
$FWXDOPHQWHHOIRUWtQVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQGRQDGRFRQOD
WHUUD]D\HOLQWHULRUFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHUUXLGRV
238
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRDFWXDOGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHORHVWH
'HWDOOHGHODHQWUDGDGHVGHHOVXU
239
9LVWDKDFLDHOVXUHVWHGHVGHHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRURHVWH6HREVHUYDHODPSOLR
GRPLQLRYLVXDOVREUH7LVWXWtQ\ORVOODQRVGHO*DUHW
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIRUWtQGH8VXJDGHVGH7LVWXWtQGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
240
7,0&+$5(7&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(O DQWLJXR UHFLQWR PLOLWDU VH ORFDOL]D HQ HO ERUGH QRURHVWH GH OD PHVHWD GH
7LNHUPtQFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUGLVSRQLHQGRGHXQFRPSOH
WRGRPLQLRYLVXDOVREUHORVWHUULWRULRVVLWXDGRVDOQRUWHKDFLDHOPRQWH0DXUR
3DUDVXDFFHVRHVQHFHVDULRWRPDUXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUD
.DQGXVVL'DU4XHEGDQLDODDOWXUDGHODSREODFLyQGH7LVLQJDUW
7LPFKDUHW IXH RFXSDGR HQ VLHQGR &RPDQGDQWH *HQHUDO GH 0HOLOOD HO
JHQHUDO$L]SXUXGHQWURGHVXVSODQHVGHDSUR[LPDFLyQDOPRQWH0DXUR101OXJDU
HPEOHPiWLFRSDUDODFDELODGH%HQL6DLG&RQSRVWHULRULGDGDFRPLHQ]RVGH
HOFDPSDPHQWRVHKDEtDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQDSRVLFLyQPHQRUGHQWURGHODFLUFXQV
FULSFLyQPLOLWDUGH.DQGXVVLDODTXHSHUWHQHFtD
(OUHFLQWRVHFRQ¿JXUDFRPRXQHVSDFLRGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRUHVWH
VXURHVWHFRQSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOGHPDPSRVWHUtDFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHP
GHODUJR\PGHDQFKR(OERUGHHVFDUSDGRGHOODGRQRURHVWHHVDSURYHFKDGR
FRPRGHIHQVDQDWXUDOSXHVGRPLQDHQDOWXUDDOWHUULWRULRVLWXDGRKDFLDHVDYHU
WLHQWH(OHVSDFLRLQWHULRUVHHQFXHQWUDDELHUWRVLQUHIHUHQFLDVGHHGL¿FDFLRQHVX
RWUDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVSRUORTXHVHGHVWLQDUtDDODLQVWDODFLyQGHWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
$OVXUHVWHVREUHXQHVSDFLRDPHVHWDGRHVWDUtDODDYDQ]DGLOOD
$FWXDOPHQWHSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHUXLQD\DEDQGRQRFRQHOSDUDSHWRSHUL
PHWUDOFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHUUXLGR
241
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHODHVTXLQDVXUGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOERUGHHVFDUSDGRGHOODGRQRURHVWHDSURYHFKDGRFRPRGHIHQVDQDWX
UDOGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
242
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHOODGRVXUHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
9LVWD JHQHUDO GH 7LPFKDUHW GHVGH HO VXURHVWH (Q SULPHU SODQR ODV UXLQDV GHO
FDPSDPHQWRGH7LVLQJDUW
243
7,6,1*$57&DPSDPHQWR\IRUWtQ
&DPSDPHQWR /DWLWXG¶¶¶ )RUWtQ /DWLWXG¶¶¶

$OWLWXGP $OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(O FDPSDPHQWR VH ORFDOL]D DO VXURHVWH GH 7LPFKDUHW \ FRPR pO HQ HO
ERUGHQRURHVWHGHODPHVHWDGH7LNHUPtQFDELODGH%HQL6tGHOSURYLQFLDGH1D
GRUGLVSRQLHQGRGHLGpQWLFRGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOWHUULWRULRGHOPRQWH0DXUR
3DUDVXDFFHVRVHGHEHWRPDUODPLVPDSLVWDTXHSDUD7LPFKDUHW(OIRUWtQ102 se
ORFDOL]DDOVXURHVWHGHOFDPSDPHQWRDSRFRPiVGHXQNLOyPHWURGHGLVWDQFLDHQ
XQFHUURVLWXDGRDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD.DQGXVVL'DU4XHEGDQLFDELODGH
%HQL6DLGSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUVLHQGRQHFHVDULRSDUDVXDFFHVRWRPDUXQDSLVWD
TXHDVFLHQGHKDVWDpO
(VWHFRPSOHMRIRUWL¿FDGRVHFRQVWUX\yWUDVODRFXSDFLyQGHOD]RQDRFFLGHQWDO
GH7LNHUPtQHQ103&RQDQWHULRULGDGDORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGHSHU
WHQHFtDDODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH.DQGXVVL\HVWDEDDOFXLGDGRGHXQDJXDUQLFLyQ
FRPSXHVWDSRUIXHU]DVGHO5HJLPLHQWR0HOLOODQ(QHOWUDQVFXUVRGHGLFKRV
DFRQWHFLPLHQWRVODIXHU]DGHOFDPSDPHQWRKXERGHUHIXJLDUVHHQHOIRUWtQSDUD
SRVWHULRUPHQWHKXLUEDMRHODVHGLRULIHxR\SHUHFHUODPD\RUSDUWHGHHOOD104.
(OFDPSDPHQWRVHFRQIRUPDFRPRXQHVSDFLRUHFWDQJXODURFXSDGRSRUYDULDV
FRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHPDPSRVWHUtD\VROHUtDVHPSHGUDGDVFRQRULHQWDFLyQQRUHVWH
VXURHVWH\XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\GHDQFKR(VWDED
GHIHQGLGRSRUXQSDUDSHWRGHPDPSRVWHUtDSRUHOODGRVXUHVWHDSURYHFKDQGRFRPR
GHIHQVDQDWXUDOHOERUGHHVFDUSDGRGHOODGRQRURHVWH
(OIRUWtQVHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQUHFLQWRGHSHTXHxDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHXQDSODQWD
\WHUUD]DFRQDVSLOOHUDVFRQVWUXLGRHQPDPSRVWHUtDGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGD
HVWHRHVWH\FRQXQDVPHGLGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR7LHQHGRVWRUUHVGH
SODQWDFLUFXODUHQORViQJXORVQRURHVWH\VXUHVWHHVWDQGRVLWXDGDODHQWUDGDHQHO
ODGRVXU(QVXLQWHULRUHQHOTXHVHHPSOHDURQYLJDVGHPDGHUDRWUDVPHWiOLFDV\
102 (QHODUWtFXORDSDUHFLGRHQHQODSiJLQDZHEGHOD$VRFLDFLyQGH(VWXGLRV0HOLOOHQVHVZZZ

DHPHOFRPComandante Carlos Rodríguez Fontanes, héroe legionario, y Primer Jefe de la Legión
muerto en combateGH(6DU4XLQWDV\-$&DQR0DUWtQDSDUHFHHQODSiJLQDXQDIRWRJUDItDGH
HVWHIRUWtQFRQODGHQRPLQDFLyQGH³FDVWLOORGH6EXFK6EDD´
244
ODGULOORVFRPRHOHPHQWRVVXVWHQWDQWHVGHOSLVRGHODWHUUD]DVHFRQVHUYDQYDULRV
JUDI¿WLFRQODVIHFKDVGH³´\³´
(OHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQGHOFDPSDPHQWRHVGHWRWDOUXLQD3RUHOFRQWUDULR\
SHVHDVXDEDQGRQRHODVSHFWRDFWXDOGHOIRUWtQHVEDVWDQWHEXHQRSHUPDQHFLHQGR
HQSLHWRGDODHVWUXFWXUDLQFOXLGDODWHFKXPEUH
245
'HWDOOHGHODVUXLQDVGHXQDGHODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVGHVGHHOHVWH
9LVWDGHODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVFRPSOHWDPHQWHGHUUXLGDVGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
$OIRQGRHOPRQWH0DXUR
246
5XLQDVGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH$OIRQGRHOIRUWtQ
9LVWDGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
247
'HWDOOHGHODFFHVRLQWHULRUDODWHUUD]D
'HWDOOHGHXQRGHORVJUDI¿WLHQHOTXHVHDSUHFLDODIHFKDGH³´VLWXDGRHQOD
FDUDLQWHUQDGHODSDUHGHVWH
248
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIRUWtQGH7LVLQJDUWGHVGHHOVXURHVWH$OIRQGRDODL]TXLHUGDHO
PRQWH0DXUR
249
.$1'866,&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OUHFLQWRPLOLWDUVHORFDOL]DHQXQDORPDDORHVWHGHODDFWXDOSREODFLyQGH
.DQGXVVL\GHOFUXFHGHFDUUHWHUDV6HJDQJiQ'DU4XHEGDQL\%DWHO'DU4XHEGDQL
FDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUGLVSRQLHQGRGHXQEXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDO
VREUHODPDUJHQL]TXLHUGDGHOUtR.HUW3DUDVXDFFHVRHVSUHFLVRWRPDUXQDSLVWD
TXHSDUWHDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHSURYLHQHGHO%DWHOSRFRDQWHVGHOFUXFH
\TXHVHGLULJHKDFLDHOQRURHVWH
.DQGXVVLVHRFXSyHQGXUDQWHHOPDQGDWRFRPRPi[LPDDXWRULGDGPLOLWDU
GHOWHUULWRULRGH0HOLOODGHOJHQHUDO$L]SXUX105FRQYLUWLpQGRVHSRFRGHVSXpVHQ
ODFDEHFHUDGHODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQPLOLWDUGHHVWD]RQD\EDVHGHODFROXPQDPyYLO
GHO5HJLPLHQWR0HOLOODQ(QORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDODesastre de AnnualGH
ODEDVHGHODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQPLOLWDUSDVyD'DU4XHEGDQLTXHGDQGR.DQGXVVL
FRPRXQDSRVLFLyQPHQRU\FRQXQDJXDUQLFLyQUHGXFLGD7UDVVXUHRFXSDFLyQSRU
ODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVHQHOFDPSDPHQWRSUHVHQWDED\DXQHVWDGRGHUXLQD
FRQODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHV\HOSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOSUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXLGRV106.
(OUHFLQWRVHFRQIRUPDFRPRXQHVSDFLRUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGRQRUHVWHVXURHVWH
GRWDGRGHPXURSHULPHWUDO\FRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR
\PGHDQFKR$VLPLVPRFRQWDEDFRQFRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV\H[WHULRUHV
pVWDVVLWXDGDVDOVXUHVWH\GHVWLQDGDVHQWUHRWURV¿QHVDGHSyVLWRVGH$UWLOOHUtDH
,QWHQGHQFLDKRUQRV¿MRV\HQIHUPHUtD107/DHQWUDGDVHVLWXDEDHQHOODGRQRURHVWH
KDVWDGRQGHOOHJDEDHOFDPLQRGHDFFHVR
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVXHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQHVFRPSOHWDPHQWHUXLQRVRFRQOD
PD\RUSDUWHGHOSDUDSHWR\GHODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHUUXLGDV+D\]RQDVGHOSDUD
SHWRTXHHVWiQSUiFWLFDPHQWHGHVDSDUHFLGDVVLHQGRSHUFHSWLEOHSRUHOFRQWUDULR
ODKXHOODGHODQWLJXRFDPLQRGHDFFHVR

106 &DWDOLQDDiario de un soldado del Inmemorial del Rey en ÁfricaHQ/D&RURQHOtD*XDUGDVGHO5H\
QS
250
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH.DQGXVVL
9LVWDGHOODGRVXURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRSUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXLGRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH$O
IRQGRODORPDGH6EXFK6EDD
251
9LVWDGHOODGRQRURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH6HLQWX\HDODGHUHFKDOD
HQWUDGDDOUHFLQWR
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHDOJXQDVGHODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVGHVGHHOVX
URHVWH
252
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVH[WHULRUHVGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODORPDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH.DQGXVVLGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
253
6%8&+6%$$&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6EXFK6EDDVHORFDOL]DDOQRUWHGH.DQGXVVLHQXQFHUURHQHOH[WUHPRRHVWH
GHODPHVHWDGH7LNHUPtQFDELODGH%HQL6DLGSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUGLVSRQLHQGR
GHXQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDOHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHVHQHVSHFLDOKDFLDHOQRUWHHVWH
\VXU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHODSLVWDTXHSDVDMXQWRDOFDPSDPHQWRGH
.DQGXVVLSDUDPiVDGHODQWHDFFHGHUDSLHSRUXQDSLVWDDEDQGRQDGD
(VWHFDPSDPHQWRFRPRORVGHVXHQWRUQRVHHVWDEOHFLyFRQSRVWHULRULGDG
D\WHQtDHO¿QGHSURWHJHUDODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOGH.DQGXVVLDODTXH
GRPLQDED(QHOYHUDQRGHORVVROGDGRVGHO5HJLPLHQWR0HOLOODQTXH
JXDUQHFtDQODSRVLFLyQ\DQWHHODVHGLRGHORVULIHxRVRSWDURQSRUODKXLGDHQ
GLUHFFLyQD.DGGXUGXUDQWHODTXHSHUHFLyODPD\RUSDUWHGHODIXHU]DVLHQGR
DSUHVDGRVORVVXSHUYLYLHQWHVHQODVFHUFDQtDVGH7DXULDW+DPHG108.
(OFDPSDPHQWRSUHVHQWDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDHVWHRHVWHFRQXQDVGL
PHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LVSRQtDGHSDUDSHWR
SHULPHWUDOFRQDWHUUD]DPLHQWRVHQWDOXGSRUHOODGRQRURHVWHFDPLQRGHDFFHVR
ERUGHDQGR HO PRQWtFXOR \ OD HQWUDGD SRU HO ODGR VXURHVWH (VWDED DUWLOODGR FRQ
FXDWURSLH]DVGHDFHUR.UXSSGHQXHYHFHQWtPHWURV109.
6XHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQDFWXDOHVGHFRPSOHWDUXLQD\DEDQGRQRVLHQGR
D~QSHUFHSWLEOHVORVUHVWRVGHOSDUDSHWR\VXFDPLQRGHDFFHVR

254
9LVWDGHOFHUURGH6EXFK6EDDDODGHUHFKDGHVGHHOVXURHVWH6HREVHUYDODKXHOOD
GHODSLVWDGHDFFHVRDEDQGRQDGD
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHOODGRVXUGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHORHVWH
255
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH$OIRQGRDOD
L]TXLHUGDOD]RQDGH7LVLQJDUW
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOODGRQRUHVWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH(QSULPHUSODQRHOFDPLQRGH
DFFHVRTXHERUGHDEDHOFDPSDPHQWR
256
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURGH6EXFK6EDDGHVGH.DQGXVVLGHVGHHOVXU
257
'$548(%'$1,$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(ODFXDUWHODPLHQWRR³DOFD]DED´GHOD0HKDOODGHO.HUWQ110VHORFDOL]DDOD
HQWUDGDGHODSREODFLyQGH'DU4XHEGDQLFDELODGH%HQL6DLGSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU
(VWHUHFLQWRIXHFRQVWUXLGRFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDVREUHHOFDPSDPHQWR
H[LVWHQWHFRQDQWHULRULGDG(QORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDODesastre de AnnualHVWD
SRVLFLyQHVWDEDJXDUQHFLGDSRUXQDFRPSDxtDGHO5HJLPLHQWR0HOLOODQDOPDQ
GRGHOFRURQHO6LOYHULR$UD~MR7RUUHVFRQGRVSLH]DVGHDUWLOOHUtDGHDFHUR.UXSS
GHRFKRFHQWtPHWURV\VHHQFRQWUDEDURGHDGDSRUXQSDUDSHWR\XQDDODPEUDGD
/DDJXDGDVHHQFRQWUDEDDXQNLOyPHWURDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDOVXURHVWH(QODGH
IHQVDGHHVWDDJXDGDGXUDQWHORVIXQHVWRVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGHOYHUDQRGHVH
VLJQL¿FyHOFDSLWiQ(QULTXH$PDGRUTXHPXULyDOLJXDOTXHODSUiFWLFDWRWDOLGDG
GHVXVKRPEUHVDOQRTXHUHUUHQGLUVHDOHQHPLJRWUDVHOLJQRPLQLRVRWUDWRDOTXH
KDEtDOOHJDGRFRQpVWHHOFRURQHO$UD~MRFRQVLVWHQWHHQTXHORVULIHxRVDFDPELR
GHGLQHURUHVSHWDUtDQODYLGDGHORVR¿FLDOHVGHMDQGRGHVDPSDUDGRVDORVVROGDGRV
DVXVyUGHQHV111.
&RQSRVWHULRULGDGDVHDFRPHWLHURQODVREUDVGHOQXHYRDFXDUWHODPLHQWR
GHOD0HKDOODTXHLQFOXtDHQVXLQWHULRUHOSREODGRFLYLO(VWDVREUDVHVWXYLHURQ
GLULJLGDVSRUORVLQJHQLHURVPLOLWDUHV9LFHQWH%ODVFR-XDQ3DWHUR(XVHELR&DUR
-RVp1RXYLOODV\0LJXHO/XDQFR1126HWUDWDGHXQUHFLQWROLJHUDPHQWHFXDGUDGR
GHXQRVPGHODGRURGHDGRGHXQPXURSHULPHWUDO\FRQODHQWUDGDHQHOODGR
HVWH(QVXLQWHULRUVHVLW~DQYDULDVHGL¿FDFLRQHVFRQGHFRUDFLyQPRGHUQLVWD\HQ
ODHVTXLQDH[WHULRUVXUHVWHD~QSHUPDQHFHHOHPEOHPDGHOD0HKDOODGHFRUDGR
FRQD]XOHMRVYHUGHV
$FWXDOPHQWHSUHVHQWDXQPDOHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQH[WHULRUFRQJUDQSDUWH
GHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHUUXLGRHVWDQGRODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVRFXSDGDVFRPR
YLYLHQGDV

111 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…SS
258
(O JHQHUDO 6LOYHVWUH &RPDQGDQWH *HQHUDO GH 0HOLOOD SDVDQGR UHYLVWD HQ 'DU
4XHEGDQLDODVWURSDVGHO5HJLPLHQWR0HOLOODQHQORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDO
Desastre de Annual7UDVpOHOJHQHUDO1DYDUUR\HOFRURQHO$UD~MREl Expedien-
te Picasso. Las sombras…
(VWDGRDFWXDOGHODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
259
9LVWDGHOH[WHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXU
260
(GL¿FLRPRGHUQLVWDHQHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXU
(PEOHPDGHOD0HKDOODHQODHVTXLQDVXUHVWHGHVGHHOVXU
261
78*817=3RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DSRVLFLyQGH7XJXQW]VHORFDOL]DHQXQHVSROyQDOQRUHVWHGHODSREODFLyQGH
7DXQDWDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUD'DU4XHEGDQL%HQ7LHEFDELODGH%HQL6DLG
SURYLQFLDGH1DGRU&XHQWDFRQXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLRYLVXDOHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHV
\SDUDDFFHGHUDHOODVHGHEHFDPLQDUDWUDYHVDQGRHOSXHEOR
/D]RQDGH%HQL6DLGDODTXHSHUWHQHFH7XJXQW]IXHRFXSDGDD¿QDOHVGH
1920113 GXUDQWH HO PDQGDWR GHO JHQHUDO )HUQiQGH] 6LOYHVWUH FRPR &RPDQGDQWH
*HQHUDO GH 0HOLOOD HVWDEOHFLpQGRVH GH LQPHGLDWR XQD SRVLFLyQ GHSHQGLHQWH GH
ODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH'DU'UtXV\JXDUQHFLGDSRUXQDFRPSDxtDGHO5HJLPLHQWR
6DQ)HUQDQGRQ3RFRVPHVHVGHVSXpVHQMXOLRGHIXHKRVWLOL]DGDSRU
ORVULIHxRV\WRPDGDDODVDOWRSHUHFLHQGRODPD\RUSDUWHGHORVGHIHQVRUHV(Q
HOWUDQVFXUVRGHHVWRVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVODDYLDFLyQHVSDxRODODQ]yYDULDVERPEDV
HQ ODV LQPHGLDFLRQHV FRQ HO ¿Q GH GLVSHUVDU DO HQHPLJR VLHQGR ORV UHVXOWDGRV
LQIUXFWXRVRV1147XJXQW]VHUHFXSHUySRUODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVHQPDU]RGHODxR
VLJXLHQWHWUDVXQDRSHUDFLyQHQODPXULHURQQXPHURVRVVROGDGRVGLVWLQJXLpQGRVH
HQWUHHOORVHOWHQLHQWHGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDÈQJHO3XUyQ&DSDEODQFD115.
/DSRVLFLyQSUHVHQWDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRUHVWHVXURHVWH\XQDVGL
PHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LVSRQHGHSDUDSHWR
SHULPHWUDOFRQGRVJDULWDVHQORViQJXORVHVWH\RHVWHHVWDQGRORFDOL]DGDODHQWUDGD
HQHOODGRVXURHVWH(OLQWHULRUGHOUHFLQWRVHHQFXHQWUDGLYLGLGRSRUXQPXURFRQWL
QXRGHPDPSRVWHUtDFRQLGpQWLFDRULHQWDFLyQDODGHODSRVLFLyQHVWDQGRRFXSDGR
HOODGRQRURHVWHSRUWUHVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODU\HOVXUHVWHSRUXQ
HVSDFLRDELHUWRDPRGRGHH[SODQDGD+DFLDHOVXUHVWHDXQRVPVHORFDOL]DOD
DYDQ]DGLOODFRPSXHVWDSRUXQSDUDSHWRVLPSOHGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHPGHODGR
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQGRQDGRFRQWRGDVODV
HVWUXFWXUDVGHUUXLGDV$OH[WHULRUGHOODGRQRUHVWHVHREVHUYDXQDJXMHURRVRFDYyQ
GHOTXHDSXQWDPRVODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHSXHGDWUDWDUVHGHODKXHOODGHXQDGHODV
ERPEDVODQ]DGDVSRUODDYLDFLyQHVSDxRODHQ
113 3DOPD0RUHQRAnnual 1921, 80 años del DesastreS

115 6XVUHVWRVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQHOLQWHULRUGHO3DQWHyQGHORV+pURHVGHOFHPHQWHULRGH0HOLOOD
262
9LVWDGHOODGRQRUHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH$OIRQGRODORFDOLGDGGH
7DXQDW
'HWDOOHGHODHVTXLQDVXUGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHORHVWH$OIRQGRODDYDQ]DGLOOD

263
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHODJDULWDGHOiQJXORRHVWHGHVGHHOVXU
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH6HDSUHFLDODGLYLVLyQGHOHVSDFLR
SRUPHGLRGHXQPXURFRQWLQXR
264
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHOODGRQRURHVWHGHOPXURFRQWLQXRLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQR
URHVWH
9LVWD GH OD DYDQ]DGLOOD GHVGH HO QRURHVWH 6H DSUHFLDQ ORV UHVWRV GHO SDUDSHWR

265
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODSRVLFLyQGH7XJXQW]HQHOFHQWURGHVGHHOVXU$ODGHUHFKD
ODDYDQ]DGLOOD
/iSLGD GHO WHQLHQWH ÈQJHO 3XUyQ &DSDEODQFD HQ HO LQWHULRU GHO 3DQWHyQ GH ORV
+pURHVGHOFHPHQWHULRGH0HOLOOD
266
%(17,(%$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DORFDOLGDGGH%HQ7LHEFDELODGH%HQL8OL[HNSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUVHVLW~D

HQORVOODQRVGH6HSVD\SUy[LPDDODVSULPHUDVHVWULEDFLRQHVGHORVPRQWHVGH7L]]L
$VVD\3HxD7DKXDUGD(ODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRHVSDxROVHXELFDDODVDOLGDGH
ODSREODFLyQDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUDKDFLD7DIHUVLW
(VXQUHFLQWRPLOLWDUDQWHULRUDODesastreFRQVWUXLGRHQGLFLHPEUHGH
GXUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHDYDQFHKDFLDODFRVWDSURPRYLGDVSRUHOJHQHUDO6LOYHVWUH
(QORVPRPHQWRVSUHYLRVDORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOFRQVWLWXtDVXJXDUQLFLyQXQD
FRPSDxtDGHO5HJLPLHQWRGH6DQ)HUQDQGRXQDGH,QJHQLHURVXQHVFXDGUyQ
GHYROXQWDULRVGH$OFiQWDUD\XQGHVWDFDPHQWRGH$UWLOOHUtD116'XUDQWHORVWUiJLFRV
DFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGHOYHUDQRGHODVWURSDVHVSDxRODVDEDQGRQDURQ%HQ7LHE
GHVWUX\HQGRHOFDPSDPHQWRFDPLQRGH'DU'UtXV1176XUHFXSHUDFLyQVHSURGX
FLUiDFRPLHQ]RVGHUHFRQVWUX\pQGRVHHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRHQGRQGHWHQGUi
OXJDUD¿QDOHVGHMXOLRGHHOHSLVRGLRHQHOTXHHOJHQHUDO0LJXHO3ULPRGH
5LYHUDVHUiUHFLELGRSRUORVR¿FLDOHVGHOD/HJLyQHQWUHHOORV)UDQFLVFR)UDQFR
FRQXQEDQTXHWHFRPSXHVWRFDVLH[FOXVLYDPHQWHGHKXHYRV3ULPRGH5LYHUDTXH
VHKDEtDKHFKRFRQHOSRGHUHQ(VSDxDWUDVXQJROSHGHHVWDGRVHHQFRQWUyFRQOD
RSRVLFLyQGHORVPLOLWDUHV³DIULFDQLVWDV´DVXLQWHQWRGHDEDQGRQDU0DUUXHFRV118.
6HWUDWDGHXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUGHJUDQGHVGLPHQVLRQHVHVWDQGR
URGHDGRGHPXURSHULPHWUDO\FRQODHQWUDGDHQIRUPDGHDUFRHQVXODGRVXUHVWH
IUHQWHDODFDUUHWHUDGH7DIHUVLW(VWDHQWUDGDHVVLPLODUDODVH[LVWHQWHVHQHODFXDU
WHODPLHQWRGH,NLDQWDUDV\HQHO]RFRGH7XJXQW]
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOHVSDFLRLQWHULRUVHKDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQDJUDQH[SODQDGD
TXHVLUYHGHXELFDFLyQSDUDPHUFDGRV
(QODFHUFDQDSREODFLyQGH'DU'UtXVXQRVNPDOVXUHVWHH[LVWLyKDVWD
IHFKDVUHFLHQWHVXQLPSRUWDQWHDFXDUWHODPLHQWRHVSDxROGHFRQVWUXFFLyQDQWHULRU
DO Desastre GHUUXLGR FRPSOHWDPHQWH SDUD XUEDQL]DU VX VRODU119 (Q VX RULJHQ

117 3DQGRHistoria secreta de AnnualS
118 :RROPDQAbd el-Krim y la guerra del RifS
119 (QHODxRYLVLWDPRVOD]RQDSXGLHQGRIRWRJUD¿DUHODFXDUWHODPLHQWR(QHODxR
YROYLPRVSHUR\DKDEtDVLGRGHUUXLGR
267
HVWDED IRUPDGR SRU ³un parapeto de planta cuadrada de 100 metros de lado,
construido con adobes, que cerraba la mitad de la posición, formándose la otra
mitad por barracones aspillerados. La aguada estaba en el mismo río, como a 30
metros, aguas abajo del puente´120&RPRHOHPHQWRVLQJXODUODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDO
GHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRVLWXDGDHQHOODGRVXUHVWDEDIRUPDGDSRUXQJUDQDUFRGH
KHUUDGXUDDSXQWDGR
268
)RWRDpUHDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH%HQ7LHEDQWHVGHODesastre%UDYR1LHWRArqui-
tectura y urbanismo…S
9LVWD H[WHULRU GH OD HQWUDGD GHO DFXDUWHODPLHQWR GH %HQ 7LHE GHVGH HO VXUHVWH

269
9LVWDLQWHULRUGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH%HQ7LHEGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
)RWRDpUHDDQWLJXDGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH'DU'UtXV
270
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHODHQWUDGDGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH'DU'UtXVGHVGHHOVXU
'HWDOOHGHOH[WHULRUGHOSDUDSHWRHVWHGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH'DU'UtXVGHVGHHO
HVWH
271
9LVWDDFWXDOGHOVRODUHQHOTXHVHXELFDEDHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH'DU'UtXVGHVGH
HOVXU
272
,&+7,9(13RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DSRVLFLyQVHORFDOL]DHQ]RQDVXUGHODPHVHWDGH$UNDEHQXQDORPDVLWXDGD
VREUHODPDUJHQL]TXLHUGDGHOFDXFHGHO8HG8DUGDQDFDELODGH%HQL6DLGSUR
YLQFLDGH1DGRU&XHQWDFRQEXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOVXUSHURHVWiURGHDGD
SRUORPDVGHPD\RUDOWLWXGGHVGHODTXHSRGUtDVHUEDWLGD6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DD
WUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHGH'DU'UtXVHQGLUHFFLyQQRUHVWHVLHQGRQHFHVDULR
DWUDYHVDUHOFDXFHGHO8DUGDQDSDUDOOHJDUKDVWDODSRVLFLyQ
/DPHVHWDGH$UNDEIXHRFXSDGDHQHOPHVGHGLFLHPEUHGH121IRUPDQ
GRSDUWHGHORVSODQHVGHDYDQFHGHOJHQHUDO)HUQiQGH]6LOYHVWUH(QODORPDGH
,FKWLYHQVHHVWDEOHFLyXQDSRVLFLyQIRUWL¿FDGDTXHSDVyDGHSHQGHUGHODFLUFXQV
FULSFLyQPLOLWDUGH'DU'UtXVHVWDQGRFRPSXHVWDVXJXDUQLFLyQSRUXQDFRPSDxtD
GHO5HJLPLHQWR6DQ)HUQDQGRQ(QMXOLRGH\WUDVHODVHGLRDOTXHOD
VRPHWLHURQODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVORVVROGDGRVHVSDxROHVGHELHURQDEDQGRQDUODSRVL
FLyQHQGLUHFFLyQDOFDPSDPHQWRGH'DU$]XJDMVLWXDGRDXQRVFLQFRNLOyPHWURV
KDFLDHOVXUDORWURODGRGHOUtR.HUWOOHJDQGR~QLFDPHQWHGLHFLQXHYHGHHOORV122.
/DSRVLFLyQHVWiIRUPDGDSRUXQSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOGHPDPSRVWHUtDGHSODQWD
UHFWDQJXODU\RULHQWDFLyQHVWHRHVWHWHQLHQGRXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGH
PGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LVSRQHGHFXDWURJDULWDVHQODVHVTXLQDV\VX
HVSDFLRLQWHULRUHVWiRFXSDGRSRUODKXHOODGHORVFHUFRVGHGRVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
$FWXDOPHQWH VH HQFXHQWUD DUUXLQDGR \ DEDQGRQDGR VLHQGR D~Q SHUFHSWLEOHV ORV
UHVWRVGHVXVHVWUXFWXUDV
121 3DOPD0RUHQRAnnual 1921, 80 años del DesastreS

122 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…SS
273
9LVWDGHODHVTXLQDQRURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOQRUWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH6HDSUHFLDODKXHOODGHOFHUFRGH
XQDWLHQGDFyQLFD
274
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODORPDGH,FKWLYHQGHVGHHOQRUWH$OIRQGRORVPRQWHGH6LGL
$Ot\DODGHUHFKD'DU'UtXV
275
'$5$=8*$-3RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHXQHSRUHOLQWHULRU1DGRUFRQ$OKX
FHPDV$O+RFHLPDSRFRDQWHVGH'DU'UtXVHQXQSURPRQWRULRVREUHODPDUJHQ
GHUHFKDGHOUtR.HUWFDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU'LVSRQHGHXQFRP
SOHWRGRPLQRYLVXDOVREUHHOUtR\ORVWHUULWRULRVVLWXDGRVHQVXPDUJHQL]TXLHUGD
6HDFFHGHSRUPHGLRGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDODGHUHFKDGHODPHQFLRQDGDFDUUHWHUD
'DU$]XJDMVHHVWDEOHFLyWUDVODRFXSDFLyQGHOD]RQDQRUWHGH0HWDO]DHQOD
SULPDYHUDGH1234XHGyDGKHULGDDODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH'DU'UtXV\FRQWDED
FRQXQDJXDUQLFLyQIRUPDGDSRUIXHU]DVGHO5HJLPLHQWR6DQ)HUQDQGR'LVSRQtD
GHWUHVDYDQ]DGLOODVHQSXQWRVFHUFDQRVGRPLQDQWHV
'XUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOODSRVLFLyQTXHKDEtDYLVWRUHGXFLGDVXJXDUQL
FLyQ\PDQWHQtDXQDVGpELOHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHIHQVLYDVDOWHQHUODDODPEUDGDHQPDO
HVWDGRIXHWRPDGDSRUORVULIHxRVHOGHMXOLRSRUPHGLRGHXQDFDSLWXODFLyQ
VLHQGRSRVWHULRUPHQWHPDVDFUDGRVODSUiFWLFDWRWDOLGDGGHORVVROGDGRV124.
/DSRVLFLyQSUHVHQWDEDSODQWDFXDGUDGDRULHQWDGDQRUWHVXUFRQXQDVGLPHQ
VLRQHVGHPGHODGR'LVSRQtDGHSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDO\JDULWDVHQODVHVTXLQDV
VLWXiQGRVH HQ HO LQWHULRU HQ HO ODGR QRUWH YDULDV FRQVWUXFFLRQHV (O UHVWR GHO
HVSDFLRLQWHULRUHVWDEDRFXSDGRSRUXQDDPSOLDH[SODQDGD+DFLDHOVXURHVWHD
SRFDGLVWDQFLDORFDOL]DPRVORVUHVWRVGHXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODU
TXHSHUWHQHFHUtDQDXQDGHODVWUHVDYDQ]DGLOODVGHODVTXHGLVSRQtDODSRVLFLyQ
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVXHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQHVGHFRPSOHWDUXLQD\DEDQGRQR
HVWDQGRSUiFWLFDPHQWHGHUUXLGDV\DUUDVDGDVWRGDVVXVLQVWDODFLRQHV

276
)RWRGHODUHFXSHUDFLyQGH'DU$]XJDMD¿QDOHVGH
)RWRGHODUHFXSHUDFLyQGHXQDGHODVDYDQ]DGLOODVD¿QDOHVGH6HDSUHFLDQODV
SUHFDULDVLQVWDODFLRQHVGHODSRVLFLyQORTXHH[SOLFDVXDFWXDOJUDGRGHGHWHULRUR
277
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHOODGRQRUWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH6HREVHUYDHO
FDXFHGHOUtR.HUW
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHODVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVGHVGHHOVXU
278
5HVWRVGHXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUHQODDYDQ]DGLOODVLWXDGDDOVX
URHVWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH8QSRFRPiVDOOiDODGHUHFKDODSRVLFLyQ
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODSRVLFLyQGH'DU$]XJDMGHVGHHOVXURHVWH$ODL]TXLHUGDHO
FDXFHGHO.HUW
279
7$0$686,73RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DHQODFLPDGHXQFHUURDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHGHVGH'DU
'UtXV VH GLULJH KDFLD HO VXU KDFLD$LQ =RUDK FDELOD GH 0HWDO]D SURYLQFLD GH
1DGRU&XHQWDFRQXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLRYLVXDOHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHVVDOYRKDFLD
HOHVWHHQTXHHOFHUURGH$KHVRUVHVLW~DDPD\RUFRWD3DUDVXDFFHVRVHKDFH
QHFHVDULRDVFHQGHUDSLHGHVGHODFDUUHWHUD
(OFHUURGH7DPDVXVLWIXHRFXSDGRFRPRHOUHVWRGHVX]RQDFLUFXQGDQWHXQ
DxRDQWHVGHODesastre de Annual/DSRVLFLyQTXHDOOtVHHVWDEOHFLyFRQVWLWXLGD
SRUXQSDUDSHWRGHSLHGUDVHFDFRQDODPEUDGDTXHGyJXDUQHFLGDSRUIXHU]DVGHO
5HJLPLHQWRÈIULFDQSHVHDSHUWHQHFHUDODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQPLOLWDUGH'DU'UtXV
'XUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGHOYHUDQRGHVXIULyHODVHGLRSRUSDUWHGHORVULIHxRV
SHUHFLHQGRODWRWDOLGDGGHVXVGHIHQVRUHVWUDVEXVFDUUHIXJLRLQIUXFWXRVDPHQWHHQ
ODFHUFDQDSRVLFLyQGH$KHVRU125.
/DSRVLFLyQSUHVHQWDSODQWDWUDSH]RLGDORULHQWDGDQRUWHVXUFRQXQDVGLPHQ
VLRQHVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LVSRQHGHSDUDSHWRSpWUHRSHULPHWUDO
FRQ GRV JDULWDV GH SODQWD FXDGUDGD HQ ORV iQJXORV VXURHVWH \ VXUHVWH \ XQD GH
SODQWDFLUFXODUHQODHVTXLQDQRURHVWH(OUHFLQWRLQWHULRUVHHQFXHQWUDRFXSDGRSRU
YDULDVHVWDQFLDVVHSDUDGDVSRUXQPXURFRQWLQXRFRQLGpQWLFDRULHQWDFLyQTXHOD
SODQWDGHODSRVLFLyQ/DHQWUDGDVHVLW~DHQHOODGRQRUWHKDVWDGRQGHOOHJDEDHO
DQWLJXRFDPLQRGHDFFHVR(QHOODGRH[WHULRUVXUH[LVWHXQDH[SODQDGDKDELOLWDGD
SRVLEOHPHQWHSDUDODLQVWDODFLyQGHODVSLH]DVGHDUWLOOHUtD
$FWXDOPHQWHVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\DEDQGRQDGR$SHVDUGHHOOR
D~QSXHGHQREVHUYDUVHORVUHVWRVGHODPD\RUSDUWHGHVXVHVWUXFWXUDV\HVSRVLEOH
HQFRQWUDUUHVWRVGHOPDWHULDOXWLOL]DGRSRUODJXDUQLFLyQ126.
125 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…SS(OOXJDUGHOWUiJLFRGHVHQODFHHVFLWDGR

FRPRKLSyWHVLVSUHVXPLEOH
126 (QQXHVWUDYLVLWDGHPDU]RGHSXGLPRVUHFRJHUXQDKHELOODGHFRUUHDMHHQODODGHUDHVWH
280
9LVWDGHODVUXLQDVGHOODGRVXUGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXU
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHODJDULWDGHOiQJXORVXURHVWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
281
5HVWRVGHOODGRVXUGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHORHVWH$OIRQGRDODGHUHFKDODSRVLFLyQ
GH$KHVRU
9LVWDGHOiQJXORVXURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOQRUWH$OIRQGRODSRVLFLyQGH
+DI
282
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOQRUWH6HREVHUYDQORVUHVWRVGHODVHVWDQ
FLDVVHSDUDGDVSRUXQPXURFRQWLQXR
9LVWDJHQHUDOGH7DPDVXVLWGHVGH$KHVRUGHVGHHOHVWH
283
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHVGHHOVXUDODDOWXUDGH+DIGHODFDUUHWHUD'DU'UtXV$LQ=RUDK
$ODL]TXLHUGDHOFHUURGH7DPDVXVLW\DODGHUHFKDHOGH$KHVRU
284
$+(6253RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DIUHQWHD7DPDVXVLWXQRVPDOHVWHHQXQFHUURDODL]TXLHUGDGH
ODFDUUHWHUD'DU'UtXV$LQ=RUDKFDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU'RPLQD
YLVXDOPHQWHODVYHUWLHQWHVRHVWH\VXUWHQLHQGRYDULDVDOWXUDVVXSHULRUHVKDFLDHO
QRUWH\HVWH6HDFFHGHDVFHQGLHQGRDSLHGHVGHODFDUUHWHUD
$OLJXDOTXHODVSRVLFLRQHVGHVXHQWRUQR$KHVRUVHRFXSyHQODSULPHUDPL
WDGGHHVWDEOHFLpQGRVHODSRVLFLyQFRPRXQSXHVWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD
'XUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGHMXOLRGHODxRVLJXLHQWHODSRVLFLyQIXHDEDQGRQDGDSRU
VXVRFXSDQWHVUHIXJLiQGRVH\SHUHFLHQGRGHVSXpVHQHOODODJXDUQLFLyQKXLGDGH
7DPDVXVLW127.
(ODQWLJXRSXHVWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDVHFRQIRUPDFRPRXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWD
UHFWDQJXODUFRQRULHQWDFLyQQRURHVWHVXUHVWH\XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHPGHODUJR
\PGHDQFKR&XHQWDFRQSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOGHPDPSRVWHUtDVLWXiQGRVHOD
HQWUDGD SRVLEOHPHQWH HQ HO ODGR QRURHVWH (O LQWHULRU HVWi RFXSDGR SRU YDULDV
FRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDWHQLHQGRXQDGHHOODVVLWXDGDHQHOiQJXORQRUWH
XQSDYLPHQWRHQORVDGR(QHOODGRLQWHULRUVXURHVWHVHVLW~DHODOMLEHIRUPDGRSRU
GRVSR]RVGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDVHSDUDGRVSRUXQPXURKDELpQGRVHHPSOHDGRHQVX
FRQVWUXFFLyQODSLHGUDHOODGULOOR\HOFHPHQWR
$FWXDOPHQWHSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQUXLQRVR6LELHQODPD\RU
SDUWHGHVXVHVWUXFWXUDVHVWiQGHUUXLGDVVXVUHVWRVVRQSHUIHFWDPHQWHYLVLEOHV(Q
ODODGHUDQRURHVWHVHHVWiFRQVWUX\HQGRXQGHSyVLWRGHDJXD\XQDSLVWDSDUDVX
DFFHVR
127 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S5HVSHFWRDODVSHULSHFLDV¿QDOHVGHOD

JXDUQLFLyQGH7DPDVXVLWVHFLWDQHVWRVKHFKRVDXQTXHVLQFRQ¿UPDFLyQ
285
9LVWDGHODSRVLFLyQGH$KHVRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOODGRVXURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
286
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQLQWHULRUMXQWRDOiQJXORQRUWHGHVGHHOVX
URHVWH6HDSUHFLDODVROHUtDHQORVDGD
'HWDOOH GHO DOMLEH GHVGH HO QRURHVWH 6H DSUHFLDQ ORV UHVWRV GH OD GHVDSDUHFLGD
EyYHGDGHODGULOOR
287
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURGH$KHVRUGHVGH7DPDVXVLWGHVGHHORHVWH6HDSUHFLDOD
SLVWDGHDFFHVRDOGHSyVLWRGHDJXDHQFRQVWUXFFLyQ
288
.$55$0,'$53RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DDOQRURHVWHGH7DPDVXVLWDXQRVNPHQXQSURPRQWRULRGHOD
OODQXUDVLWXDGDHQWUHODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR.HUW\ODYHUWLHQWHQRUHVWHGHO<HEHO
%XVIHGDXHQFDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU'LVSRQHGHEXHQGRPLQLR
YLVXDOKDFLDHO.HUWDXQTXHKDFLDHOVXU\VXUHVWHODSRVLFLyQHVWiGRPLQDGDSRU
DOWXUDVVXSHULRUHV6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWLHQGRGHOD
FDUUHWHUD'DU'UtXV$LQ=RUDKDOVXUGHOFHUURGH7DPDVXVLWVHGLULJHKDFLDHO
noroeste.
.DUUD0LGDUVHHVWDEOHFHFRPRSRVLFLyQPLOLWDUHQHOYHUDQRGHDGV
FULELpQGRVHDODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH'DU'UtXV(OUHFLQWRHVWDEDFRQVWLWXLGRSRU
³parapeto de piedra muy elevado y aspillerado, con alambrada, artillando cuatro
piezas Krupp de nueve centímetros y formando su guarnición una compañía de
San Fernando, con dos secciones, teniendo la tercera destacada en Izen Lasen y
el destacamento de Artillería´128'XUDQWHORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVGHMXOLRGH
\ DQWH HO DVHGLR ULIHxR ORV VROGDGRV HYDFXDURQ OD SRVLFLyQ UHIXJLiQGRVH HQ HO
FDPSDPHQWRGH'DU'UtXV
/D SRVLFLyQ VH FRQIRUPD FRPR XQ UHFLQWR GH SODQWD UHFWDQJXODU RULHQWDGD
QRURHVWHVXUHVWHFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQ
SDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOFXDWURJDULWDVGHSODQWDFLUFXODUHQODVHVTXLQDV\XQSHTXHxR
IRVRDVLPLVPRSHULPHWUDOSUREDEOHPHQWHERUGHDGRHQVXPRPHQWRSRUODDODPEUD
GD(OLQWHULRUVHSUHVHQWDFRPSOHWDPHQWHH[SODQDGRVLQKXHOODGHFRQVWUXFFLRQHV
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOUHFLQWRSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQUXLQRVRFRQ
HOSDUDSHWRGHUUXLGR1RREVWDQWHD~QHVSRVLEOHREVHUYDUORVUHVWRVGHOPLVPR\
GHOSHTXHxRIRVRSHULPHWUDO
289
9LVWDGHODSRVLFLyQGHVGHHOVXUHVWH(QSULPHUSODQRHOSHTXHxRIRVRSHULPH
WUDO$OIRQGROD]RQDGH7DIHUVLW\ORVPRQWHVGH7L]]L$VVD\3HxD7DKXDUGD

'HWDOOHGHOSHTXHxRIRVRSHULPHWUDOGHOODGRVXUHVWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH$OIRQGR
'DU'UtXV
290
9LVWD GH OD SRVLFLyQ GHVGH HO QRURHVWH $ OD L]TXLHUGD HO FHUUR GH 7DPDVXVLW

9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOSURPRQWRULRGH.DUUD0LGDUHQHOFHQWURGHVGHHOVXU
291
+$)3RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DDOVXUGH7DPDVXVLW\$KHVRUMXQWRDOODGRGHUHFKRGHODFDUUHWHUD
'DU'UtXV$LQ=RUDKHQXQDORPDVREUHODOODQXUDVLWXDGDHQWUHODYHUWLHQWHHVWH
GHO<HEHO%XVIHGDXHQ\ODRHVWHGHO<HEHO8VLWFDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH
1DGRU7LHQHXQEXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOQRURHVWHHVWDQGRGRPLQDGRDVX
YH]SRUODVDOWXUDVGH8VLWDOHVWH(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUPHGLRGHXQDSLVWDTXH
SDUWHDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUD\TXHVHGLULJHDODGXDUGH,QDUFKi
/DSRVLFLyQGH+DIHVWDEOHFLGDHQODSULPDYHUDGHIRUPDEDSDUWHGH
ORVSXHVWRVIRUWL¿FDGRVGHODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH%X%HNHUHVWDQGRLQWHJUDGDVX
JXDUQLFLyQ SRU GRV VHFFLRQHV GHO 5HJLPLHQWR ÈIULFD 7HQtD XQD DYDQ]DGLOOD
SUy[LPDFX\RVRFXSDQWHVHUDQPLHPEURVGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD/DSRVLFLyQHVWDED
FRQVWLWXLGDSRU³un parapeto ordinario de planta rectangular con alambrada, y
era abastecida de agua potable desde la posición principal del Zoco por convoy
de camellos, así como de víveres. Artillaba cuatro piezas de acero Krupp de nueve
centímetros´129/DIXHU]DTXHJXDUQHFtDODSRVLFLyQGXUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH$Q
QXDOWXYRXQWUiJLFR¿QDO\DTXHWUDVGHVHUWDUORVSROLFtDVGHODDYDQ]DGLOODIXH
DQLTXLODGDGXUDQWHVXKXLGDKDFLDHOVXUHQGLUHFFLyQDOFDPSDPHQWRSULQFLSDOGHO
=RFRGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU
(QODDFWXDOLGDG~QLFDPHQWHTXHGDODKXHOODGHODDYDQ]DGLOODGHOD3ROLFtD
,QGtJHQDIRUPDGDSRUXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDGHPGHODGRFRQHOSD
UDSHWRSUiFWLFDPHQWHDUUDVDGR\VLQUHVWRVFRQVWUXFWLYRVHQHOLQWHULRU+DFLDHO
QRURHVWHDXQRVPVHXELFDHODGXDUGH,QDUFKiVLWXDGRVREUHHOOXJDUHQHO
TXHHVWXYRODSRVLFLyQGH+DISRUORTXHQRTXHGDQUHVWRVGHODPLVPD
292
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHVGHHOQRUHVWHGHODORPDHQODTXHVHVLW~DQORVUHVWRVGHODDYDQ
]DGLOODGH+DI$ODGHUHFKDOD]RQDGHODDQWLJXDSRVLFLyQRFXSDGDDFWXDOPHQWH
SRUHODGXDUGH,QDUFKi$OIRQGRHO<HEHO%XVIHGDXHQ
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHODDYDQ]DGLOODGHVGHHORHVWH$OIRQGRODVDOWXUDVGHO<HEHO
8VLW
293
'HWDOOHGHOHVWDGRGHDUUDVDPLHQWRGHOLQWHULRUGHODDYDQ]DGLOODGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
$OIRQGRDODGHUHFKDHOSURPRQWRULRGHODSRVLFLyQGH.DUUD0LGDU
294
$55(<(1/$23RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DDOVXUGH+DI\DODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUD'DU'UtXV$LQ=RUDKHQ
XQDORPDVREUHODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOFDXFHVHFRGHO7L]L/DRIUHQWHDODYHUWLHQWH
VXUHVWHGHO<HEHO%XVIHGDXHQFDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU'RPLQD
YLVXDOPHQWHORVWHUULWRULRVVLWXDGRVDOQRUWHHVWH\VXUHVWHHVWDQGRGRPLQDGDSRU
DOWXUDVVXSHULRUHVHQODVUHVWDQWHVGLUHFFLRQHV6HDFFHGHSRUHOODGRVXUHVWHDWUDYpV
GHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUD
/DSRVLFLyQGH$UUH\HQ/DRSHUWHQHFLHQWHDODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH%X%HNHU
IXHOHYDQWDGDFRPRODVGHPiVGHVXHQWRUQRHQ(VWDEDIRUPDGDSRUXQ
SDUDSHWRRUGLQDULRFRQDODPEUDGD\VXJXDUQLFLyQFRPSXHVWDSRUXQDFRPSDxtD
GHO5HJLPLHQWRÈIULFD'LVSRQtDGHGRVDYDQ]DGLOODVXQDHQXQDDOWXUDSUy[L
PD \ OD RWUD FRQRFLGD FRPR7L[HUD \ VLWXDGD D XQ NLOyPHWUR KDFLD HO QRUWH130
HVWDEDRFXSDGDSRUXQGHVWDFDPHQWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD(QHOWUDQVFXUVRGH
ORVVXFHVRVGHOYHUDQRGHODxRVLJXLHQWH\EDMRHODVHGLRULIHxRODVIXHU]DVGH
ODSRVLFLyQKXELHURQGHUHSOHJDUVHVREUHHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHUD
GRQGH~QLFDPHQWHFRQVLJXLHURQOOHJDUXQRVSRFRVVROGDGRV
6REUHHOWHUUHQRVHGLVWLQJXHXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGRHVWH
RHVWHFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LV
SRQtDGHSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOHQORVODGRVHVWHVXU\RHVWHFRQWDQGRFRQODGHIHQVD
QDWXUDOGHOERUGHHVFDUSDGRHQHOODGRQRUWH(OHVSDFLRLQWHULRUHVWDEDRFXSDGR
SRUYDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHSODQWDUHJXODUHQHOODGRHVWHHVWDQGRGHVWLQDGRHO
VHFWRURHVWHSDUDODLQVWDODFLyQGHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
$FWXDOPHQWHVXHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQHVGHFRPSOHWDUXLQD\DEDQGRQR
HVWDQGRSUiFWLFDPHQWHDUUDVDGRVWDQWRHOSDUDSHWRFRPRHOHVSDFLRLQWHULRU$SHVDU
GHHOORD~QSXHGHDSUHFLDUVHODKXHOODGHVXVUHVWRV
295
)RWRGHOLQWHULRUGHODSRVLFLyQHQIHFKDDQWHULRUDORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDO3DOPD
Annual 1921…S
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHOODGRRHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
296
'HWDOOHGHOHVWDGRDFWXDOGHOHVSDFLRLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH$OIRQGRHO<HEHO
%XVIHGDXHQ
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHOFHUFRGHXQDGHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDVGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHO
QRURHVWH$OIRQGRODOODQXUDGHO*XHUUXDR
297
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHVGH7L[HUDDOQRUWHGHODORPDGH$UUH\HQ/DR
298
7,;(5$3RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DDXQNLOyPHWURDOQRUWHGH$UUH\HQ/DRHQXQFHUURDPHVHWDGR
VLWXDGRHQWUHHOFDXFHVHFRGHO7L]L/DRDORHVWH\ODFDUUHWHUD'DU'UtXV$LQ
=RUDKDOHVWHFDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU'LVSRQHGHXQEXHQFRQ
WUROYLVXDOKDFLDHOQRUWHHVWH\VXUHVWHHVWDQGRGRPLQDGDSRUDOWXUDVVXSHULRUHV
DORHVWHHO%XVIHGDXHQ\DOVXU$UUH\HQ/DR6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUXQDSLVWD
TXHSDUWLHQGRGHODFDUUHWHUDGLVFXUUHHQWUHHOFHUURGHODSRVLFLyQ\$UUH\HQ/DR
7L[HUDVHHVWDEOHFLyHQFRPRXQDDYDQ]DGLOODGHODSRVLFLyQGH$UUH\HQ
/DRXELFiQGRVHHQHOODXQGHVWDFDPHQWRGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD8QDxRGHVSXpV
GXUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOODJXDUQLFLyQLQGtJHQDDFDEyGHVHUWDQGR\DEDQ
GRQDQGRHOSXHVWR131.
/DSRVLFLyQVHGLVSXVRFRPRXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDRULHQWDGDQRUHVWH
VXURHVWHFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHPGHODGR&RQWDEDFRQSDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDO
HQWRGRVORVODGRVPHQRVHQHOVXUHVWHHQGRQGHHOERUGHHVFDUSDGRGHOFHUURHV
DSURYHFKDGRFRPRGHIHQVDQDWXUDO$OH[WHULRUGHOSDUDSHWRVHDSUHFLDXQVXUFR
TXHSXGRKDEHUHVWDGRERUGHDGRSRUODDODPEUDGD(OLQWHULRUHVWiRFXSDGRSRUXQD
FRQVWUXFFLyQGHSODQWDFXDGUDGDVLWXDGDMXQWRDORVUHVWRVGHXQDWLHQGDFyQLFD
/DHQWUDGDVHVLWXDUtDSRVLEOHPHQWHHQHOODGRQRUHVWH
(Q OD DFWXDOLGDG SUHVHQWD XQ HVWDGR UXLQRVR FRQ WRGDV VXV HVWUXFWXUDV GH
UUXLGDV
299
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURGH7L[HUDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDGHOODGRVXURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
300
9LVWDGHOHVWDGRUXLQRVRGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXURHVWH$OIRQGRDODL]TXLHUGD
ORVFHUURVGH7DPDVXVLW\$KHVRU
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURGH7L[HUDHQHOFHQWURGHVGH$UUH\HQ/DRGHVGHHOVXU

301
7(/$=7$%8%(.(5&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(ODQWLJXRFDPSDPHQWRGHOUHJLPLHQWRÈIULFD\FDEHFHUDGHODFLUFXQV
FULSFLyQPLOLWDUGH%X%HNHUHQVHORFDOL]DHQHOH[WUHPRRHVWHGHODOODQXUD
GHO*XHUUXDRHQODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR,JiQMXQWRDODSUHVDDFWXDOGHOUtR
HQWUHHO]RFRTXHVHVLW~DMXQWRDODFDUUHWHUD'DU'UtXV$LQ=RUDKDOQRUWH\HO
PRQWH%HQ+LGXU%X+DLG~QDOVXUHVWHFDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU
6HDFFHGHDOOXJDUGRQGHVHOHYDQWDEDHOFDPSDPHQWRDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDGH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHNPTXHSDUWHGHODFDUUHWHUDIUHQWHDO]RFRDOFDQ]DQGRHO
DQWLJXRFDPSDPHQWRWUDVERUGHDUSRUHOHVWHODSUHVD
(OFDPSDPHQWRH[LVWHQWHFRQDQWHULRULGDGDOYHUDQRGHSUHVHQWDEDHQ
SODQWDHODVSHFWRGHXQUHFLQWRWUDSH]RLGDORULHQWDGRQRURHVWHVXUHVWHFRQXQDV
GLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR(VWDEDFRQVWLWXLGR
SRU“un parapeto ordinario de piedra trabada con barro, con coronamiento de
DGREHVJXDUQHFLGRGHDODPEUDGDSHURVLQIRVRQLJODFLV«&RQWHQtDHGL¿FD-
FLRQHVSDUDKDELWDFLyQGHWURSD\R¿FLDOLGDGWHQLHQGRIXHUDGHODDODPEUDGDXQ
depósito de agua de 12 m3, matadero de reses y horno de cal (…) Estaba artillado
con cuatro cañones de acero Krupp de nueve cm”132(ODJXDGHEtDWUDHUVHGHVGH
ORVSR]RVGH(UPLODNPDOHVWH\DTXHODVDJXDVGHO,JiQHUDQVDOREUHV\VyOR
VHXWLOL]DEDQSDUDHOJDQDGR\XVRVJHQHUDOHV133.
'XUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOGH\WUDVODFDtGDGHODVDOWXUDVSUy[LPDV
HQSRGHUGHOHQHPLJRORVVROGDGRVHVSDxROHVUHVLVWLHURQHQHOFDPSDPHQWRKDVWDHO
GtDGHMXOLRHQTXHVHWHUPLQyHODJXDGHODTXHGLVSRQtDQHVFDSDQGRHQWRQFHV
KDFLDHOVXUHVWHKDFLDOD]RQDIUDQFHVDGHO3URWHFWRUDGRDOFDQ]DQGRSDUWHGHORV
KXLGRVHOIXHUWHIUDQFpVGH+DVL8HQ]JD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHODQWLJXRUHFLQWRPLOLWDUVHHQFXHQWUDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR
VLHQGRD~QYLVLEOHVORVUHVWRVGHOSDUDSHWRHGL¿FDFLRQHVVXHORVHPSHGUDGRV\HO
GHSyVLWRGHDJXDVLWXDGRHQHOODGRHVWHTXHHVVLPLODUDOGH$IVy

302
9LVWD GHO FDPSDPHQWR GH 7HOD]WD %X %HNHU HQ 3DOPD Annual 1921…
S
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU6HDSUHFLDHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
HQSULPHUSODQR\HOSDUDSHWR\ODVHGL¿FDFLRQHVHQVHJXQGR
303
(OJHQHUDO1DYDUUR\HOWHQLHQWHFRURQHO*DUFtD(VWHEDQMHIHGHODFLUFXQV

FULSFLyQGH%X%HNHUMXQWRDODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHOFDPSDPHQWRHQPD\RGH
3DOPDAnnual 1921…S
9LVWDGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHUUXLGR\HOGHSyVLWRGHDJXDDVXGHUHFKDGHVGHHO
VXUHVWH
304
9LVWDGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD\ODUDPSDGHDFFHVRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHORVEDUUDFRQHVHQOD]RQDQRURHVWHGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHVGHHO
VXURHVWH6HREVHUYDODFROLQDDORWURODGRGHOHPEDOVHHQODTXHHVWXYRXELFDGD
ODSRVLFLyQGH6LLDFK
305
'HWDOOHGHVXHORVHPSHGUDGRVHQHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWD JHQHUDO GHO FDPSDPHQWR GH 7HOD]WD %X %HNHU GHVGH OD SRVLFLyQ GH %HQ
+LGXUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
306
%(1+,'853RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/D DQWLJXD SRVLFLyQ PLOLWDU HVSDxROD GH %HQ +LGXU VH VLW~D HQ HO H[WUHPR
QRURHVWH GH ORV PRQWHV KRPyQLPRV FDELOD GH 0HWDO]D SURYLQFLD GH 1DGRU
GRPLQDQGRFRPSOHWDPHQWHORVOODQRVHQORVTXHVHDVLHQWDQORVUHVWRVGHOFDP
SDPHQWRGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWH
GHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7HOD]WDDXQTXHKD\TXHDVFHQGHUDSLHHOWUDPR¿QDOKDVWD
DOFDQ]DUODVDOWXUDVHQODVTXHVHXELFDODSRVLFLyQ
(OUHFLQWRSUHVHQWDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRUHVWHVXURHVWHFRQXQDV
GLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR&XHQWDFRQPXURSH
ULPHWUDOFRQVWUXLGRHQSLHGUDVHFD\FXDWURJDULWDVHQFDGDHVTXLQD$VLPLVPR
FXHQWD FRQ XQ SHTXHxR VXUFR R IRVR SHULPHWUDO /D JXDUQLFLyQ GH HVWDED
FRPSXHVWDSRUXQDVHFFLyQGHODSULPHUDFRPSDxtDGHOVHJXQGREDWDOOyQGHOÈIULFD
GHVWDFDGDGHODFHUFDQDSRVLFLyQGH6LGL$Ot(OGtDGHMXOLRODJXDUQLFLyQ
DEDQGRQyODSRVLFLyQUHSOHJiQGRVHDOFDPSDPHQWRGH7HOD]WDSDUDGHVGHDOOt
XQLUVHDODUHWLUDGDJHQHUDOKDFLDHOSXHVWRIUDQFpVGH+DVL8HQ]JD134.
$FWXDOPHQWHODSRVLFLyQVHFRQVHUYDHQXQHVWDGRUXLQRVRDXQTXHD~QSXHGHQ
YHUVHORVUHVWRVGHOSDUDSHWR\HOSHTXHxRIRVRSHULPHWUDO'HODVFXDWURJDULWDV
VyORHVDSUHFLDEOHODGHODHVTXLQDHVWH
307
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHODSRVLFLyQGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHORHVWH
308
'HWDOOHGHOSHTXHxRIRVRSHULPHWUDOGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODDOWXUDHQODTXHVHXELFDQORVUHVWRVGHODSRVLFLyQGH%HQ+L
GXUGHVGHHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHUGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
309
5(<e1'(/*8(558$23RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DSRVLFLyQPLOLWDUGHVHDVLHQWDHQORDOWRGHXQFHUURORFDOL]DGRHQ
PHGLRGHOD]RQDQRURHVWHGHODOODQXUDGHO*XHUUXDRFDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLD
GH1DGRUDXQRVNPDOHVWHGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7HOD]WD%X%HNHU
6HOOHJDDHVWDDQWLJXDSRVLFLyQDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWLHQGRGHOFDP
SDPHQWR GH 7HOD]WD \ SDVDQGR MXQWR DO FHUUR GH OD DQWLJXD SRVLFLyQ GH /RPD
5HGRQGDVHGLULJHKDFLDHOVXUHVWH
(O UHFLQWR GH 5H\pQ SUHVHQWD SODQWD FXDGUDGD RULHQWDGD QRURHVWHVXUHVWH
FRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODGR&RQVWDGHPXURSHULPHWUDO
FRQVWUXLGRHQSLHGUDVHFD\FXDWURJDULWDVFXDGUDGDVHQODVHVTXLQDVFRQWDQGRHO
LQWHULRUFRQSHTXHxDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVHQSLHGUD
$OVXUHVWHDXQRVPFXHQWDODSRVLFLyQFRQXQDDYDQ]DGLOODGHLGpQWLFD
IiEULFDSpWUHDTXHSUHVHQWDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODUGHXQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR
(VWDDYDQ]DGLOODWLHQHXQEXHQGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOVXUHVWH
/DJXDUQLFLyQGHDOLJXDOTXHODGH%HQ+LGXUHVWDEDIRUPDGDSRUXQD
VHFFLyQGHODSULPHUDFRPSDxtDGHOVHJXQGREDWDOOyQGHOÈIULFDGHVWDFDGDGH
ODFHUFDQDSRVLFLyQGH6LGL$Ot(OGtDGHMXOLRWUDVLQLFLDUORVULIHxRVHODVHGLR
GHODSRVLFLyQODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVSRUPHGLRGHOSDJRGHXQUHVFDWHODDEDQ
GRQDURQ\VHGLULJLHURQDOFDPSDPHQWRGH7HOD]WDSDUDXQLUVHDODUHWLUDGDJHQHUDO
KDFLDHOSXHVWRIUDQFpVGH+DVL8HQ]JD135.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQUXLQRVR\GHFRPSOHWR
DEDQGRQR
310
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODSRVLFLyQGH5H\pQGHO*XHUUXDR
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODSRVLFLyQWRPDGDXQDYH]IXHUHRFXSDGDSRUODVIXHU]DVHVSDxR
ODVWUDVORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDO
311
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHODSRVLFLyQGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
'HWDOOHGHODJDULWDGHODHVTXLQDHVWHGHVGHHOHVWH
312
9LVWDGHOD]RQDLQWHUQDGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOVXUHVWH6HREVHUYDHOSDUDSHWRSHUL
PHWUDO\ORVUHVWRVGHXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQLQWHULRU
9LVWD JHQHUDO GH OD SRVLFLyQ GHVGH HO VXUHVWH (Q SULPHU SODQR OD DYDQ]DGLOOD

313
0(6$,7$.(%,5$3RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DSRVLFLyQHVSDxRODGHVHORFDOL]DHQHOH[WUHPRQRUWHGHXQFHUURVL
WXDGRDOVXUGHOFDXFHGHOUtR,JiQHQOD]RQDQRURHVWHGHODOODQXUDGHO*XHUUXDR
FDELODGH0HWDO]DSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU7LHQHXQDPSOLRGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLD
HOQRUWH(ODFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWLHQGRGHOFDPSDPHQWR
GH7HOD]WD %X %HNHU \ SDVDQGR MXQWR DO FHUUR GH OD DQWLJXD SRVLFLyQ GH /RPD
5HGRQGDVHGLULJHKDFLDHOHVWH
(O UHFLQWR SUHVHQWD SODQWD UHFWDQJXODU RULHQWDGD QRURHVWHVXUHVWH FRQ XQDV
GLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR&RQVWDGHPXUR
SHULPHWUDOFRQJDULWDVHQODVHVTXLQDV(QHOLQWHULRUVHFRQVHUYDQHQPX\EXHQ
HVWDGRORVFHUFRVRSHTXHxRVPXURVFLUFXODUHVTXHSHUPLWtDQODLQVWDODFLyQGHVHLV
WLHQGDVFyQLFDVDOLQHDGDVHQGRV¿ODVGHWUHV(VWRVFHUFRVFRQVWUXLGRVFRQSLHGUDV
WUDEDGDVFRQWLHUUDWLHQHQXQRVPGHGLiPHWUR/DHQWUDGDDODSRVLFLyQVHVLW~D
HQHOODGRVXUHVWH(OSXHVWRFX\DJXDUQLFLyQHVWDEDFRPSXHVWDSRUPLHPEURVGH
OD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQDIRUPDEDSDUWHGHOWHQGLGRWHOHIyQLFR136\WHQtDFRPRIXQFLyQ
ODYLJLODQFLDGHORVFDPLQRVTXHFRPXQLFDEDQHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7HOD]WDDORHVWH
FRQODVSRVLFLRQHVGHSHQGLHQWHVGHVXFLUFXQVFULSFLyQPLOLWDUVLWXDGDVDOQRUHVWH
\HVWHFRPRHUDQ7LVWXWtQ$IVy\)XHQWHVGH(UPLODLPSRUWDQWHOXJDUTXHVXUWtD
GHDJXDDWRGDOD]RQD
$FWXDOPHQWHVHFRQVHUYDHQHVWDGRUXLQRVR\WDQWRHOPXURSHULPHWUDOFRPR
ORVFHUFRVGHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDVHVWiQGHUUXLGRV
314
9LVWDGHOODGRVXURHVWHGHOPXURSHULPHWUDORSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOQRURHVWH6HREVHUYDQORVFHUFRVGHUUXLGRV
GHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
315
'HWDOOHGHODHQWUDGDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOFHUFRGHXQDWLHQGDFyQLFDGHVGHHOVXU6HREVHUYDVXFRPSRVLFLyQD
EDVHGHSLHGUDV\WLHUUD
316
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURHQHOTXHVHXELFDODSRVLFLyQGH0HVDLWD.HELUDGHVGHHO
QRURHVWH
317
,==80$53RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DSRVLFLyQPLOLWDUHVSDxRODGHVHORFDOL]DEDHQXQFHUURVLWXDGRVREUHHO
ODGRGHUHFKRGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHGHVFLHQGHGHVGHHODOWRGHO,]]XPDUKDFLD$QQXDO
DPHGLRFDPLQRHQWUHDPERVSXQWRVFDELODGH%HQL8OL[HNSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU
3RVHHXQLPSRUWDQWHGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDOD]RQDGH$QQXDODOQRURHVWH\KDFLD
OD]RQDSUy[LPDDOUtR$PHNUiQDORHVWHGLYLViQGRVHFRQFODULGDGODFROLQDGHOD
DQWLJXDSRVLFLyQGH,JXHULEHQ6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWH
GHODFDUUHWHUDHQGLUHFFLyQQRURHVWHFRLQFLGLHQGRFRQHODFFHVRRULJLQDODOUHFLQWR
/DSRVLFLyQGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDRHVWHHVWHSHURFRQHOODGRRHVWH
DFDEDGRHQXQiQJXORTXHDSXQWDDODPLVPDGLUHFFLyQ\FRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHV
DSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRHVWDEDJXDUQHFLGDSRUXQDFRPSDxtD
GHO5HJLPLHQWR6DQ)HUQDQGRXQDVHFFLyQGHO&HULxROD\XQGHVWDFDPHQWR
GH$UWLOOHUtDSDUDHOVHUYLFLRGHODVFXDWURSLH]DV6DLQW&KDPRQGGHLQVWDODGDV
GtDVDQWHVGHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDO$OVXUHVWHHQXQDORPDSUy[LPDVHVLWXDED
HOFDPSDPHQWRGH,QJHQLHURV
,]]XPDUSRUVXGRPLQLRVREUH$QQXDO\VXVDFFHVRVHVWDEDLQGLFDGDFRPR
SRVLFLyQGHDSR\RHQODUHWLUDGDGHMXOLRGHSRUORTXHVXDEDQGRQRSUHPD
WXURWUDVODHYDFXDFLyQGHOFDPSDPHQWRJHQHUDOSUHFLSLWyORVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVTXH
GLHURQOXJDUDODesastre137.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGDSHQDVVHDSUHFLDODKXHOODGHORTXHIXHODSRVLFLyQDOHVWDU
SUiFWLFDPHQWHDUUDVDGD(QHOLQWHULRUVHREVHUYDQQXPHURVRVPRQWRQHVGHSLHGUDV
TXHSRGUtDQSHUWHQHFHUDODVLQVWDODFLRQHVGHIHQVLYDVGHVWUXLGDV
137 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras...S
318
3ODQRGHODSRVLFLyQGH,]]XPDU
9LVWD JHQHUDO GH OD SRVLFLyQ GHVGH OD DYDQ]DGLOOD GH ,JXHULEHQ GHVGH HO RHVWH

319
'HWDOOHGHODKXHOODGHOiQJXORGHOODGRRHVWHGHVGHHORHVWH
'HWDOOHGHORVPRQWRQHVGHSLHGUDVHQHOLQWHULRUSURGXFWRGHOGHVPDQWHODPLHQWR
GHODSRVLFLyQGHVGHHORHVWH
320
9LVWDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH,QJHQLHURVGHVGHODSRVLFLyQGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
321
$118$/&DPSDPHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OFDPSDPHQWRJHQHUDOGHVHVLWXDEDHQORVWHUUHQRVHQORVTXHVHDVLHQWD
HODFWXDOSXHEORGH$QQXDOFDELODGH%HQL8OL[HNSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU\HQODV
WUHVFROLQDVTXHORGRPLQDQMXQWRDOFUXFHGHFDUUHWHUDVGH-HPLV7HPVDPiQ\OD
FDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD5RFDGH(VWD]RQDVHHQFXHQWUDHQWUHORVPRQWHVGH7HPVDPiQ
DOQRURHVWH\ORVGH7L]]L$VVD\3HxD7DKXDUGDDOVXU\VXUHVWH
(OOXJDUGH$QQXDOIXHRFXSDGRHOGHHQHURGHSRUHOJHQHUDO6LOYHV
WUHGHQWURGHVXSODQGHRSHUDFLRQHVSDUDDSUR[LPDUVHDOD%DKtDGH$OKXFHPDV
(OHPSOD]DPLHQWRGHOFDPSDPHQWRQRHUDHOPiVLGyQHRHQXQD]RQDGRPLQDGD
SRU ORV PRQWHV SUy[LPRV \D TXH DGROHFtD GH GHIHQVDV FRQVLVWHQWHV FDUHFtD GH
SDUDSHWRV\ODVDODPEUDGDVVRODPHQWHH[LVWtDQGHIRUPDSDUFLDOSXGLHQGROOHJDU
DHOODVHQiQJXORPXHUWRSRUWRGRVVXVIUHQWHVWHQLHQGRODDJXDGDHQXQEDUUDQFR
DYDQJXDUGLDEDWLGDGHVGHHOFDPSRHQHPLJR(QODVWUHVFROLQDVGHOFDPSDPHQWR
VHDVHQWDEDQODVIXHU]DVGHO5HJLPLHQWR&HULxRODQGHO5HJLPLHQWRÈIULFD
Q\GH5HJXODUHVGH0HOLOODQTXHXQLGDVDOUHVWRGHWURSDVGH$UWLOOHUtD
,QJHQLHURV,QWHQGHQFLD\6DQLGDGVXPDEDQXQWRWDODSUR[LPDGRGHXQRV
KRPEUHV138(OGHMXOLRGHHOFDPSDPHQWRHVDVDOWDGRSRUODVIXHU]DVULIH
xDVSURGXFLpQGRVHGHLQPHGLDWRODGHVRUJDQL]DGDUHWLUDGDHVSDxRODKDFLDHO$OWR
GHO,]]XPDUDOVXUHVWHGDQGROXJDUDOWUiJLFRHSLVRGLRGHODesastre de Annual
HQHOTXHHQSRFRVGtDVORVWHUULWRULRVGHOD&RPDQGDQFLD*HQHUDOGH0HOLOOD
SDVDUiQDSRGHUGHORVULIHxRVSHUHFLHQGRXQJUDQQ~PHURGHVROGDGRVHVSDxROHV
LQFOXLGDODPi[LPDDXWRULGDGPLOLWDUHOJHQHUDO6LOYHVWUH(OHMpUFLWRHVSDxROQR
YROYHUiD$QQXDOKDVWDHOGHPD\RGHPHVHVGHVSXpVGHODesembarco
de AlhucemasIHFKDHQODTXHODVWURSDVHVSDxRODVDOPDQGRGHOFRURQHO3R]DV
UHRFXSDURQODVUXLQDVGHOFDPSDPHQWR139.
$FWXDOPHQWHHOSXHEORGH$QQXDORFXSDHOOXJDUGHODQWLJXRFDPSDPHQWR
HVSDxROGHOTXHDSHQDVTXHGDQUHVWRVVLUYLHQGRODVWUHVFROLQDVGHORVSULQFLSDOHV
UHFLQWRVSDUDHVSDFLRGHFXOWLYRV(QODVFHUFDQtDVGHOSXHEORMXQWRDODFDUUHWHUD
HQGLUHFFLyQD-HPLV7HPVDPiQH[LVWHXQPRQROLWRGHGLFDGRDODYLFWRULDVREUH
ORVHVSDxROHV
138 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras...SS
139 3DQGRHistoria secreta de AnnualS
322
3ODQRGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH$QQXDO\OtQHDGHOIUHQWHHQ&DUUDVFRLas imá-

genes del Desastre…S
3ODQRGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH$QQXDO*LO\*yPH]Melilla, apuntes de su historia

militarS
323
/DFROLQDGHO5JWR&HULxRODODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH$QQXDO
HQ&DUUDVFRLas imágenes del Desastre…S
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODFROLQDGHO5JWR&HULxRODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOGXUDQWHODFHOH
EUDFLyQGHXQDPLVDHQ3DOPDAnnual 1921…S
324
9LVWDGHODVFROLQDVGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH$QQXDO\HOSXHEORDFWXDOGHVGHHOVXU

9LVWDJHQHUDOGHVGHHOVXUHVWHGHODFROLQDDODUJDGDGHO5JWR&HULxRODSRVL
FLyQSULQFLSDO
325
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODFROLQDGHO5JWRÈIULFDFRQXQGHSyVLWRGHDJXDHQVXFLPD
GHVGHHOVXUHVWH$VXGHUHFKDODFROLQDDODUJDGDGHO5JWR&HULxRODSRVLFLyQ
SULQFLSDO
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOSXHEORGH$QQXDO\ODVFROLQDVGHOFDPSDPHQWRGHGHVGH
HOQRURHVWHGHVGHODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDO
326
'HWDOOHGHOPRQROLWRGHGLFDGRDODYLFWRULDVREUHORVHVSDxROHVVLWXDGRDODGHUH
FKDGHODFDUUHWHUDD-HPLV7HPVDPiQ
327
,*8(5,%(13RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DSHTXHxDORFDOLGDGGH,JXHULEHQFDELODGH7HPVDPiQSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU
VHVLW~DHQODODGHUDQRURHVWHGHORVPRQWHVGH7L]]L$VVD\3HxD7DKXDUGDTXH
VHSDUDQOD]RQDGH$QQXDODOQRUWH\ORVOODQRVGH6HSVDDOVXU/DSRVLFLyQGH
VHXELFDEDHQXQDFROLQDDOHVWHGHODDFWXDODOGHD6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUXQD
SLVWDTXHVHWRPDHQ-HPLV7HPVDPiQIUHQWHDODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRHVSDxRO
DFWXDOPHQWHXWLOL]DGRFRPR]RFRHQGLUHFFLyQVXUHVWHKDVWDODDOGHDGH,JXHULEHQ
/DFROLQDGH,JXHULEHQIXHRFXSDGDHOGHMXQLRGHSRUPDQGDWRGHOJH
QHUDO6LOYHVWUHFRQODLQWHQFLyQGHUHIRU]DUODGHIHQVDGHOFDPSDPHQWRJHQHUDOGH
$QQXDOWUDVODFDtGDGHODSRVLFLyQGH$EDUUiQ,JXHULEHQFDUHFtDGHIXHUWHVGHIHQVDV
FRQDODPEUDGDVPX\SUy[LPDV\SDUDSHWRVGpELOHVWHQLHQGRODDJXDGDGLVWDQWH
\FRQORVFDPLQRVQDWXUDOHVTXHFRQGXFtDQKDVWDHOODFRUWDGRVSRUEDUUDQFRV140.
(VWDEDDPHQD]DGDSRUXQDFRWDSUy[LPDDOQRURHVWHFRQRFLGDFRPROD/RPDGH
ORVÈUEROHVHQSRGHUGHODVIXHU]DVULIHxDVTXHGL¿FXOWDEDVXFRPXQLFDFLyQFRQ
HOFHUFDQRFDPSDPHQWRJHQHUDOGH$QQXDO(OGHMXOLRPHV\PHGLRGHVSXpV
GHVXRFXSDFLyQODSRVLFLyQVHUiWRPDGDSRUORVULIHxRVWUDVYDULRVGtDVGHDVHGLR
SHUHFLHQGRODPD\RUSDUWHGHVXVWHQDFHVGHIHQVRUHVHQWUHHOORVHOFRPDQGDQWH
GHO5HJLPLHQWR&HULxRODQ-XOLR%HQtWH]DOPDQGRGHODSRVLFLyQ,JXHULEHQ
VHUiUHRFXSDGDHQWUDVHODesembarco de Alhucemas.
/DSRVLFLyQJXDUQHFLGDSRUXQRVKRPEUHVVHDVHQWDEDHQODSDUWHDOWDGH
ODFROLQDHQXQHVSDFLRRULHQWDGRRHVWHHVWHFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDV
GHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR\FRQXQDDYDQ]DGLOODDOHVWHVHSDUDGDGHOD
SRVLFLyQSRUXQSHTXHxRFROODGR/DHQWUDGDDOUHFLQWRVHVLWXDEDHQVXODGRHVWH
WHQLHQGRODDJXDGDDOQRUWHDOHMDGDGHODSRVLFLyQ
$FWXDOPHQWH\SHVHDVXHVWDGRGHDUUDVDPLHQWRHQODFROLQDD~QVRQSHUFHSWL
EOHVORVUHVWRVGHODSRVLFLyQ6HSXHGHGLVWLQJXLUODVKXHOODVGHODVWLHQGDVFyQLFDV
HQWUHHOODVODGHOFRPDQGDQWH%HQtWH]ORVHVSDFLRVGHVWLQDGRVDFRFLQDV\DQLPDOHV
DVtFRPRODVOHWULQDVVLWXDGDVHQWUHODSRVLFLyQ\ODDYDQ]DGLOODHQODODGHUDVXU
328
'LEXMRGHOWHQLHQWH&DVDGR~QLFRR¿FLDOVXSHUYLYLHQWHGHODSRVLFLyQGH,JXHUL
EHQ&DVDGRIgueriben, 7 de junio-21 de julioS
3ODQRGHODSRVLFLyQGLEXMDGRSRUHOWHQLHQWH&DVDGR&DVDGRIgueriben....
S7LHQGDGHOFRPDQGDQWH&DSLWiQ\R¿FLDOHVGHODGHOGHO&HUL
xROD6DUJHQWRVGHO&HULxROD7URSDGHODGHOGHO&HULxROD&DSLWiQ
\R¿FLDOHVGHODGHOGHO&HULxROD6ROGDGRVGHODGHOGHO&HULxR
OD 2¿FLDOHV GH$UWLOOHUtD 6DUJHQWRV GH$UWLOOHUtD 7URSD GH$UWLOOHUtD
(VWDFLyQySWLFD6XER¿FLDOHV\GHSyVLWRGHYtYHUHV$PHWUDOODGRUDV
&XHUSRGHJXDUGLD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD$FFHVRDODSRVLFLyQ5DQ
FKHUtDV&XDGUDV\&RFLQDVGHR¿FLDOHV\VDUJHQWRV&HQWLQHOD
5HWUHWHVGHQRFKH
329
/D SRVLFLyQ GH ,JXHULEHQ WUDV HO 'HVDVWUH &DUUDVFR Las imágenes del
DesastreS
/DFROLQDGH,JXHULEHQGHVGHODDOGHDKRPyQLPDDORHVWH
330
+XHOODGHODWLHQGDGHOFRPDQGDQWH%HQtWH]GHVGHHOVXURHVWH$OIRQGROD]RQD
GH$QQXDO
+XHOODGHXQDGHODVWLHQGDVSRVLEOHPHQWHGHORVVDUJHQWRVGHO&HULxRODGHVGHHO
VXUHVWH/DÀHFKDVHxDODOD/RPDGHORVÈUEROHV
331
'HWDOOHGHOHVSDFLRDWHUUD]DGRGHVWLQDGRDODVGHSHQGHQFLDVDX[LOLDUHVGHFRFLQDV
\FXDGUDVGHVGHHOHVWH
'HWDOOHGHOHVSDFLRHVFDORQDGRGHVWLQDGRDODVOHWULQDVGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
332
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODFROLQDGH,JXHULEHQGHVGHOD]RQDGH$QQXDOGHVGHHOQRUHVWH

&DVDQDWDOGHOFRPDQGDQWH%HQtWH]HQ(O%XUJR0iODJD
333
$%$55È13RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OPRQWH$EDUUiQFDELODGH7HPVDPiQSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUVHVLW~DHQOD

PDUJHQL]TXLHUGDGHOUtR$PHNUiQHQODSDUWHQRUWHGHORVPRQWHVGH7HPVDPiQ
DNPDOQRURHVWHGH$QQXDO/DSRVLFLyQPLOLWDUHVSDxRODGHVHXELFDED
HQXQDORPDDOVXUHVWHGHODFLPD6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXH
SDUWLHQGRGHODORFDOLGDGGH%XGLQDUDWUDYLHVDHOFDXFHGHO$PHNUiQ\ERUGHDHO
PRQWH$EDUUiQSRUHORHVWHDOFDQ]DQGR¿QDOPHQWHODFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD5RFDGH
/DSRVLFLyQVHHVWDEOHFLyHOGHMXQLRGHSRURUGHQGHOJHQHUDO6LOYHV
WUHHQVXLQWHQWRGHOOHJDUDOD%DKtDGH$OKXFHPDV,QPHGLDWDPHQWHVHLQLFLDURQ
ORVWUDEDMRVGHIRUWL¿FDFLyQFRQVLVWHQWHVHQVXPD\RUtDHQODFRORFDFLyQGHVDFRV
WHUUHURVFRPRSDUDSHWR\DTXHHOWHUUHQRFDUHFtDGHSLHGUDV/DHOHFFLyQGHOHP
SOD]DPLHQWRDXPHQWyODVSUHFDULDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHIHQVLYDVSXHVWRTXHODSRVLFLyQ
VHHVWDEOHFLyHQ³una loma en dirección Este Oeste, ascendiendo en esa misma
dirección, y dominada, como a unos 800 o 900 metros, por otra loma situada al
Norte, lo que obligó a estrechar la posición para disminuir el espacio batido,
dándola unas dimensiones de 65 por 12 metros´1416XJXDUQLFLyQGHXQRV
KRPEUHVEDMRHOPDQGRGHOFDSLWiQ6DODIUDQFDHVWDEDFRPSXHVWDSRUWURSDVGH
5HJXODUHVGH0HOLOODQGHOD3ROLFtD,QGtJHQD\XQDEDWHUtDGHDUWLOOHUtDGHPRQ
WDxD(OPLVPRGtDGHODRFXSDFLyQGHODORPDGH$EDUUiQODSRVLFLyQIXHDVDOWDGD
\WRPDGDSRUODVIXHU]DVULIHxDV/DUiSLGDSpUGLGDGHHVWDSRVLFLyQHQDUGHFLyORV
iQLPRVGHODVFDELODVULIHxDVORTXHVXSXVRHOLQLFLRGHOKRVWLJDPLHQWRLQWHQVLYR
VREUHODVSRVLFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVGHODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH$QQXDO\TXHGHVHPERFDUtD
HQHODesastreGHOYHUDQRGH(OPRQWH$EDUUiQYROYHUiDUHRFXSDUVHHQOD
SULPDYHUDGHWUDVHODesembarco de Alhucemas.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHQODODGHUDVXUHVWHGHODORPDHQODTXHVHVLWXDEDODDQWLJXD
SRVLFLyQVHDVLHQWDQORVFDVHUtRVGLVSHUVRVGHOSXHEORGH%XGLQDU
334
9LVWDDpUHDGH$EDUUiQ)RWRJUDItDGH&%DUUHxDGDDSDUHFLGDHQMelilla, apuntes

de su historia militarGH6*LO\0*yPH]SHQODTXHVHGLFHTXH³OD
SRVLFLyQHVSDxRODVHKDOODEDHQHOFHUURDQH[RTXHDSDUHFHHQODSDUWHVXSHULRU´
(OPRQWH$EDUUiQ\ODORPDGHODSRVLFLyQFRQÀHFKDGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
335
6,','5,63RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DSRVLFLyQGHVHVLWXDEDMXQWRDOPDUHQODFLPDGHXQFHUURVREUHOD
SOD\D\HODGXDUGH6LGL'ULV\DODL]TXLHUGDGHODGHVHPERFDGXUDGHOUtR$PH
NUiQFDELODGH7HPVDPiQSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDFWXDOPHQWH
DWUDYpVGHOODQXHYDFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD5RFDGHTXHXQH1DGRUFRQ$OKXFHPDV
6LGL'ULVVHRFXSyHQPDU]RGHVLJXLHQGRHOSODQTXHKDEtDWUD]DGRHO
JHQHUDO6LOYHVWUHFRQHOREMHWLYRGHDOFDQ]DUOD%DKtDGH$OKXFHPDV(VWDSRVLFLyQ
TXHFRQWDEDFRQXQUHFLQWRFXDGUDGRFRQPXURSHULPHWUDOHQHOODGRRHVWHGHOFHUUR
SHUWHQHFtDDODFLUFXQVFULSFLyQGH$QQXDODXQTXHHVWDEDVHSDUDGDSRUXQDEUXSWR
WHUULWRULR\FRQPDODVYtDVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ6XJXDUQLFLyQHVWDEDIRUPDGDSRU
XQDFRPSDxtDGHO5HJLPLHQWR&HULxRODQXQDVHFFLyQGHOGH0HOLOODQ\
GHVWDFDPHQWRVGH$UWLOOHUtD,QJHQLHURV,QWHQGHQFLD&RPSDxtDGHO0DU\3ROLFtD
,QGtJHQD&RQDQWHULRULGDGDODesastreODSRVLFLyQVXIULyDFRPLHQ]RVGHMXQLR
XQDVHGLRVLQp[LWRSRUSDUWHGHODVIXHU]DVULIHxDV/DGHIHQVDHVWXYRDOPDQGRGHO
FRPDQGDQWH%HQtWH]GHO&HULxRODTXHSRFRGHVSXpVWRPDUtDHOPDQGRGH,JXHUL
EHQHQGRQGHSHUGHUtDODYLGD7UDVODFDtGDGH$QQXDO6LGL'ULVVXIULyXQQXHYR
DVHGLRHVWDYH]FRQp[LWR/RVGHIHQVRUHVDOPDQGRGHOFRPDQGDQWH9HOi]TXH]
UHVLVWLHURQWHQD]PHQWHGHVGHHOGtDDOIHFKDHQODTXHODSRVLFLyQFD\yHQ
PDQRVULIHxDVSHUHFLHQGRODPD\RUSDUWHGHORVVROGDGRV6HGLRODFLUFXQVWDQFLD
GHTXHHODVHGLR\ODFDtGDGHODSRVLFLyQIXHURQFRQWHPSODGRVSRUODVGRWDFLRQHV
GHORVEDUFRVGHOD$UPDGD³/D\D´³3ULQFHVDGH$VWXULDV´\³/DXULD´TXHDSHQDV
SXGLHURQVRFRUUHUSHVHDYDULRVLQWHQWRVDORVGHIHQVRUHVGH6LGL'ULVDOHVWDU
WDPELpQHOORVEDMRHOIXHJRHQHPLJR142.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOFHUURHVWiVLHQGRREMHWRGHH[FDYDFLRQHVDUTXHROyJLFDV
VDFDQGRDODOX]YDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVGHpSRFDVKLVWyULFDVDQWHULRUHVDO3URWHF
WRUDGRHVSDxRO$VLPLVPRD~QVRQYLVLEOHVHQVXSHU¿FLHDOJXQDVYDLQDVGHEDOD
\ QXPHURVRV UHVWRV KXPDQRV GH SHTXHxR WDPDxR SRVLEOHPHQWH SHUWHQHFLHQWHV
D ORV GHIHQVRUHV GH OD SRVLFLyQ TXH DOOt IXHURQ LQKXPDGRV XQ DxR GHVSXpV GHO
Desembarco de Alhucemas.
142 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S\SS
336
9LVWDDpUHDGHODSRVLFLyQGH6LGL'ULVWUDVODUHRFXSDFLyQSRUODVWURSDVHVSDxRODV
El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…
/RVJHQHUDOHV6LOYHVWUH\1DYDUURFRQHOFRURQHO0RUDOHVGHHVSDOGDVHQHODGXDU
GH6LGL'ULVEl Expediente Picasso. Las sombras de Annual…
337
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOFHUURGH6LGL'ULVGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
(VWUXFWXUDVVDFDGDVDODOX]SRUH[FDYDFLRQHVDUTXHROyJLFDVGHVGHHORHVWH
338
5HVWRVGHFRQVWUXFFLRQHVHQHOODGRRHVWHGHOFHUURGHVGHHOQRUWH
339
$)5$83RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/D DQWLJXD SRVLFLyQ PLOLWDU HVSDxROD GH VH XELFD VREUH XQ DFDQWLODGR
MXQWRDOPDUDORHVWHGHOPRUDELWRGH6LGL+RVVDLQFDELODGH%HQL6DLGSURYLQFLD
GH1DGRU6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDFWXDOPHQWHDWUDYpVGHODQXHYDFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD
5RFDGHTXHXQH1DGRUFRQ$OKXFHPDV\TXHSDVDDSRFRVPHWURVSRUHOQRUWH
(OUHFLQWRIRUPDGRSRUXQDFDVD\SDUDSHWRGHSLHGUDVHFDFRQDxDGLGRGH
VDFRVWHUUHURVHVWDEDGRPLQDGRSRUXQDDOWXUDSUy[LPDTXHDVXYH]GRPLQDED
ODDJXDGDVLWXDGDHQODSOD\DDXQRVNPGHGLVWDQFLD/DJXDUQLFLyQVHFRPSR
QtDGHXQDFRPSDxtDGHO&HULxRODXQDVHFFLyQGHDPHWUDOODGRUDVGRVSLH]DV
.UXSSGH$UWLOOHUtDGHVWDFDPHQWRVGH,QWHQGHQFLDH,QJHQLHURV\XQDWUHLQWHQD
GHSROLFtDVODPLWDGGHORVFXDOHVGHVHUWyHOSULPHUGtDGHDVHGLR$OPDQGRGH
ODSRVLFLyQGXUDQWHORVVXFHVRVGH$QQXDOHVWDEDHOWHQLHQWH*UDFLDGH$UWLOOHUtD
\WUDVODPXHUWHGHpVWHHOGHMXOLRVHKL]RFDUJRGHOPDQGRHOWHQLHQWH9DUD
GH5H\HOFDSLWiQGHODFRPSDxtDGHO&HULxRODVHHQFRQWUDEDFRQOLFHQFLDHQOD
3HQtQVXOD(ODVHGLRGXUyKDVWDHOGtDHQTXHODSRVLFLyQIXHHYDFXDGDFRQ
QXPHURVDVEDMDVKDFLDORVEDUFRVGHOD$UPDGD³/D\D´³3ULQFHVDGH$VWXULDV´\
³/DXULD´TXHWDPELpQKDEtDQHVWDGRIUHQWHD6LGL'ULV143.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHOHVSDFLRGHODSRVLFLyQHVWiRFXSDGRSRUXQDFDVDHQOD
TXHSRVLEOHPHQWHVHXWLOL]DURQORVPDWHULDOHVGHOGHVDSDUHFLGRUHFLQWRIRUWL¿FDGR
340
)RWRGHOGtDGHODRFXSDFLyQGH$IUDX/DFRPLWLYDPLOLWDUHQFDEH]DGDSRUORV
JHQHUDOHV6LOYHVWUH\1DYDUURGHVFHQGLHQGRGHODSRVLFLyQ
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODSRVLFLyQGH$IUDXGHVGHHOPDUEl Expediente Picasso. Las

sombras de Annual…
341
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOOXJDUHQHOTXHHVWXYRVLWXDGDODSRVLFLyQGH$IUDXGHVGHHOHVWH
6HREVHUYDODKXHOODGHODQXHYDFDUUHWHUDFRVWHUD
9LVWDJHQHUDOGH$IUDXGHVGHHOHVWH
342
-(0,67(06$0È1$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DORFDOLGDGGH-HPLV7HPVDPiQFDELODGH7HPVDPiQSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU
VHVLW~DHQODPDUJHQGHUHFKDGHOUtR$PHNUiQXELFiQGRVHHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRHQ
ODSDUWHDOWDGHODSREODFLyQDODGHUHFKDGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHSURYLHQHGH$QQXDO
(VWHUHFLQWRPLOLWDUIXHFRQVWUXLGRWUDVODUHRFXSDFLyQHVSDxRODGHODFXHQFD
GHO$PHNUiQHQ/RVLQJHQLHURVPLOLWDUHVSUR\HFWDURQHVWHDFXDUWHODPLHQWR
GiQGROHXQDIRUPDUHFWDQJXODUHQSODQWDFRQGRVHMHVSULQFLSDOHVXQRWUDQVYHUVDO
\RWURORQJLWXGLQDOTXHVHFUX]DEDQHQHOFHQWURFRQXQDFHUFDRPXUDOODSHULPH
WUDOTXHOHGDEDDOFRQMXQWRODPRUIRORJtDGHXQDDOFD]DED144&RQWDEDFRQYDULRV
HGL¿FLRVHQVXLQWHULRU\ODHQWUDGDDOUHFLQWRVHDEUtDHQHOODGRVXU
$FWXDOPHQWH HO DFXDUWHODPLHQWR HVWi UHDSURYHFKDGR FRPR UHFLQWR GH PHU
FDGRVVLHQGRYLVLEOHQRREVWDQWHSDUWHGHVXHVWUXFWXUDRULJLQDOFRPRHOPXUR
SHULPHWUDO /D HQWUDGD HVWi SUiFWLFDPHQWH GHVDSDUHFLGD SHUPDQHFLHQGR D~Q OD
EDUUHUDSDUDHOFRQWUROGHODFFHVR
343
(QWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRHQHOODGRVXUGHVGHHOVXU7RGDYtDSHUPD
QHFHODEDUUHUDSDUDHOFRQWUROGHODFFHVRDOUHFLQWRPLOLWDU
9LVWDH[WHULRUGHOPXURGHOODGRHVWHGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
344
3(f$7$+8$5'$)RUWtQ
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OIRUWtQVHXELFDHQODVHxHUDFXPEUHGH3HxD7DKXDUGDFDELODGH7DIHUVLW
SURYLQFLDGH1DGRUHQHOH[WUHPRRULHQWDOGHODOtQHDGHFXPEUHVGH7L]]L$VVD
GRPLQDQGRORVOODQRVGH6HSVD6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWH
HQGLUHFFLyQHVWHGHVGHODFLPDGHOSXHUWRGH7L]]L$VVDHQODFDUUHWHUDTXHHQOD]D
-HPLV7HPVDPiQFRQ7DIHUVLW
3HxD7DKXDUGDIXHRFXSDGDD¿QDOHVGHRFWXEUHGHSRUXQDIXHU]DFRP
SXHVWDPD\RULWDULDPHQWHSRUSHUVRQDOLQGtJHQD145$SDUWLUGHHVHPRPHQWR\KDVWD
IXHHVFHQDULRGHORVFRPEDWHVTXHPDQWXYLHURQHQHVWHVHFWRUGH7L]]L$VVD
ODVWURSDVHVSDxRODV\ULIHxDVFRQQXPHURVDVEDMDVSRUDPEDVSDUWHV146.
(OIRUWtQGH3HxD7DKXDUGDFRQVWUXLGREiVLFDPHQWHFRQVLOODUHMRFDOL]R\FH
PHQWRIXHHULJLGRSRUHO$UPDGH,QJHQLHURVGH=DSDGRUHV3UHVHQWDSODQWD
FXDGUDGDGHXQRVPGHODGR\FRQVWDGHSLVREDMRFRQFXDWURYHQWDQXFRVHQFDGD
ODGR\WHUUD]DSURWHJLGDSRUPXURDOPHQDGR/DHQWUDGDOLJHUDPHQWHVREUHHOHYDGD
VREUHODUDVDQWHGHFLPHQWDFLyQVHDEUHHQODSDUHGVXU
$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDWRWDOPHQWHDEDQGRQDGRDXQTXHHQEXHQHVWDGRGH
FRQVHUYDFLyQDOWHQHUHQSLHWRGRVVXVOLHQ]RV6REUHODHQWUDGDD~QHVYLVLEOHHO
HPEOHPDGHO$UPDGH,QJHQLHURV
145 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S6HFLWDQHQWUHRWUDVXQLGDGHVOD

0HKDOODGH'ULVHU5LI¿\OD+DUNDDX[LOLDUGH7DIHUVLW
146 3DUDHOGHVDUUROORGHHVWRVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVYHULa Legión Española (cincuenta años de historia)
1970.
345
3ODQRGHOD]RQDGH7L]]L$VVD\3HxD7DKXDU
GDHQLa Legión Española…,
)RWRDQWHULRUDO'HVDVWUH(QSULPHUSODQRHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7DIHUVLW$OIRQGR
ODVFXPEUHVGH7L]]L$VVDFRQ3HxD7DKXDUGDVHxDODGDFRQODÀHFKD&DUUDVFR
Las imágenes…S
346
(OIRUWtQGH3HxD7DKXDUGDGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
3DxRVXUGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOVXU6HDSUHFLDODHQWUDGDVREUHHOHYDGD
347
'HWDOOHGHOHPEOHPDGH,QJHQLHURVGH=DSDGRUHVVREUHODHQWUDGD
9LVWDGHOIRUWtQGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
348
326,&,Ï1%(1Ë7(=3RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DHQXQDORPDURML]DGHORVPRQWHVGH7L]]L$VVDDSRFRPiVGHNP
DOHVWHGHOFROODGRGHOPLVPRQRPEUHSRUHOTXHSDVDODFDUUHWHUD-HPLV7HPVDPiQ
7DIHUVLWFDELODGH7DIHUVLWSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU'LVSRQHGHXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLR
YLVXDOKDFLDORVOODQRVGH6HSVD\7DIHUVLWDOVXUKDFLDORVPRQWHVGH7L]]L$VVDDO
RHVWH\KDFLDOD]RQDGH$QQXDODOQRUWH6HDFFHGHSRUODSLVWDTXHSDUWHGHVGHOD
FDUUHWHUDHQGLUHFFLyQHVWHGHVGHODFLPDGHOSXHUWRGH7L]]L$VVD
/D3RVLFLyQ%HQtWH]VHHVWDEOHFLyFRPRHOUHVWRGHIRUWL¿FDFLRQHVGHOVHFWRU
GH7L]]L$VVDD¿QDOHVGHGHQWURGHODVRSHUDFLRQHVOOHYDGDVDFDERFRQ
HO¿QGHGRPLQDUHOWHUULWRULRGH7DIHUVLW147(OQRPEUHTXHUHFLELyODSRVLFLyQVH
GHELyDOGHVHRGHOJHQHUDO5LFDUGR%XUJXHWH$OWR&RPLVDULRGHO3URWHFWRUDGRSRU
HVDVIHFKDVTXHTXLVRUHQGLUKRPHQDMHDORVGHIHQVRUHVGH,JXHULEHQSHUIHFWD
PHQWHYLVLEOHGHVGHODSRVLFLyQUHFLpQHVWDEOHFLGDSHUVRQL¿FiQGRORHQVXMHIHHO
FRPDQGDQWH%HQtWH]148.
(OUHFLQWRVHSUHVHQWDHQIRUPDGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRUHVWHVXURHVWH
FRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR&RQVWDGH
GRVHVSDFLRVELHQGH¿QLGRVXQRDOQRUHVWHRFXSDGRSRUYDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHV
UHFWDQJXODUHV\RWURDOVXURHVWH\DPHQRUDOWXUDFRQIRUPDGRFRPRXQDH[SODQDGD
GHXQRVPGHODUJR(ODFFHVRDODSRVLFLyQVHUHDOL]DEDSRUVXODGRVXUHVWH
KDVWDGRQGHOOHJDEDHODQWLJXRFDPLQRPLOLWDUTXHFRPXQLFDEDWRGRHOVHFWRUGH
7L]]L$VVD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHFRQVHUYDSUiFWLFDPHQWHDUUDVDGD\DEDQGRQDGDVLHQGRD~Q
SHUFHSWLEOHODKXHOODGHVXVDQWLJXDVHVWUXFWXUDV$VLPLVPR\HQODODGHUDVXUHVWH
VHSXHGHDSUHFLDUHOWUD]DGRGHOYLHMRFDPLQRPLOLWDU+DFLDHOVXUODGHUDDEDMR
VHORFDOL]DQORVUHVWRVGHVXDYDQ]DGLOOD(QODDOWXUDTXHGRPLQDODSRVLFLyQSRU
HOHVWHVHKDQLQVWDODGRYDULDVDQWHQDVGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV

148 &DVDGRIgueriben, 7 de junio-21 de julio de 1921S$VtVHUHFRJHHQHOHStORJR
UHDOL]DGRSRUHOSURSLRJHQHUDO%XUJXHWHIHFKDGRHQ
349
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOD3RVLFLyQ%HQtWH]HQODSDUWHVXSHULRU\VXDYDQ]DGLOODFRQGRV
WLHQGDVFyQLFDVHQSULPHUSODQRDODGHUHFKD
)RWRDQWLJXDGHOD3RVLFLyQ%HQtWH]
350
9LVWDGHOD3RVLFLyQ%HQtWH]GHVGHHOYLHMRFDPLQRPLOLWDUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHOUHFLQWRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH(QSULPHUSODQRORVUHVWRVGHODV
FRQVWUXFFLRQHVUHFWDQJXODUHV0iVDOOiHOHVSDFLRH[SODQDGR$OIRQGRORVPRQ
WHVGH7L]]L$VVD
351
9LVWD JHQHUDO GH ORV UHVWRV GH OD DYDQ]DGLOOD GHVGH OD SRVLFLyQ GHVGH HO QRUWH

9LVWDJHQHUDOGH,JXHULEHQFRQÀHFKDGHVGHODSRVLFLyQ%HQtWH]
352
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOIRUWtQGH3HxD7DKXDUGDGHVGHODSRVLFLyQGHVGHHORHVWH(QOD
ODGHUDHQSULPHUSODQRVHDSUHFLDODWUD]DGHOYLHMRFDPLQRPLOLWDU
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHOD3RVLFLyQ%HQtWH]FRQÀHFKDGHVGHODDYDQ]DGLOODGH7L]]L

$VVD3ULQFLSDOGHVGHHORHVWH
353
7,==,$66$35,1&,3$/3RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DHQXQHOHYDGRFHUURVREUHHOODGRRHVWHGHOFROODGRGH7L]]L$VVD
FDELODGH7HPVDPiQSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUFRQWDQGRFRQXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLR
YLVXDOHQWRGDVGLUHFFLRQHVHQHVSHFLDOKDFLDHOQRUWH]RQDGH$QQXDO\VXU]RQD
GH7DIHUVLW6XDFFHVRVHUHDOL]DSRUXQDSLVWDTXHSDUWHHQGLUHFFLyQQRURHVWHGHV
GHGHODFLPDGHOSXHUWRGH7L]]L$VVDHQODFDUUHWHUD-HPLV7HPVDPiQ7DIHUVLW
7L]]L$VVDVHRFXSyD¿QDOHVGH149HVWDEOHFLpQGRVHODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODV
HQYDULDVSRVLFLRQHVSUy[LPDVHQWUHVt/DSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOFRPRODVUHVWDQWHVGH
VXHQWRUQRHMHUFLyGHSULPHUDOtQHDGHOIUHQWHGXUDQWHGRVDxRVVXIULHQGRGHVGHHO
SULPHUPRPHQWRQXPHURVRVDWDTXHV\DVHGLRVSRUSDUWHGHODVIXHU]DVULIHxDV6X
JXDUQLFLyQHVWDEDIRUPDGDPD\RULWDULDPHQWHSRUVROGDGRVGHOD/HJLyQR7HUFLRGH
([WUDQMHURVGHELHQGRVRSRUWDUXQDVFRQGLFLRQHVPX\GXUDV\DTXHGHSHQGtDQGHO
DYLWXDOODPLHQWRH[WHULRU\pVWHSRUORJHQHUDOHUDPX\SHOLJURVRSRUODSUR[LPL
GDGGHOHQHPLJRTXHKRVWLJDEDGHFRQWLQXRORVFRQYR\HV$SULQFLSLRVGHMXQLRGH
HQXQRGHORVQXPHURVRVLQWHQWRVGHDSURYLVLRQDPLHQWRUHVXOWyPXHUWRFRPR
PXFKRVGHVXVKRPEUHVHOWHQLHQWHFRURQHO5DIDHO9DOHQ]XHODMHIHGHO7HUFLR150.
/DSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOGH7L]]L$VVDSUHVHQWDHODVSHFWRGHXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWD
UHFWDQJXODUHVWUHFKD\REOLFXDVLJXLHQGRODWHQGHQFLDPRUIROyJLFDGHOFHUUR6X
RULHQWDFLyQHVHVWHRHVWHWHQLHQGRXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGH
ORQJLWXG\PGHDQFKXUD6HHQFRQWUDEDURGHDGDGHSDUDSHWR\HQVXLQWHULRU
VHXELFDEDQODVLQVWDODFLRQHVGHVWLQDGDVDIXQFLRQHVGHIHQVLYDVFRPRODVSLH]DV
GHDUWLOOHUtDDORHVWH\ODVGHSHQGHQFLDVDX[LOLDUHVFRPRODVFRFLQDVFRPXQLFD
FLRQHVSHWUROLQDV\HOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD(ODOMLEHVHXELFDHQHOH[WUHPRRULHQWDO
MXQWRDODHQWUDGDDODTXHOOHJDEDHOFDPLQRPLOLWDUTXHSRQtDHQFRPXQLFDFLyQ
ODVSRVLFLRQHVGHHVWHVHFWRU(VWHFDPLQRHUDFXELHUWRGLVSRQLHQGRGHSDUDSHWR
SDUDVXGHIHQVDIRUPDGRHQWUHRWURVPDWHULDOHVSRUVDFRVWHUUHURV+DFLDHORHV
WHHQXQDDOWXUDSUy[LPDVHXELFDEDODDYDQ]DGLOODPiVH[SXHVWDDOHQHPLJR\
IRUPDGDSRUXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGRGHIRUPDVLPLODUDODGHOD

150 &DUUDVFR\'H0HVDLas tropas de África en las campañas de MarruecosS6XVXFHVRU
FRPRMHIHGHO7HUFLRSDVyDVHUHOWHQLHQWHFRURQHO)UDQFR
354
SRVLFLyQFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR\FRQWHQLHQGR
HQVXLQWHULRUYDULDVHVWUXFWXUDVGHPDPSRVWHUtD
(Q OD DFWXDOLGDG VH FRQVHUYD HQ HVWDGR GH UXLQD \ DEDQGRQR FRQ DOJXQDV
SDUWHVSUiFWLFDPHQWHDUUDVDGDV1RREVWDQWHD~QVHSXHGHQREVHUYDUORVUHVWRV
GHSDUWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHOD]RQDRHVWH\DOJXQDVHVWUXFWXUDVLQWHULRUHVFRPRHO
GHSyVLWRGHDJXDGHSODQWDFXDGUDGD\PGHODGRHQHOTXHVHHPSOHDURQFRPR
PDWHULDOHVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQODSLHGUDHOODGULOOR\HOFHPHQWR$VLPLVPRD~QVH
SXHGHQREVHUYDUORVUHVWRVGHODDYDQ]DGLOODFLWDGD
(QORVDOUHGHGRUHVHVSRVLEOHHQFRQWUDUIUDJPHQWRVGHPDWHULDOPLOLWDUYDLQDV
\EDODVSUiFWLFDPHQWHHQVXSHU¿FLHORTXHGDLGHDGHODYLROHQFLDGHORVFRPEDWHV
TXHDOOtVHYLYLHURQ
355
3ODQRHQHOTXHDODL]TXLHUGDDSDUHFHQODVSRVLFLRQHVGHOVHFWRUGH7L]]L$VVD
6HSXHGHGLVWLQJXLUHOQRPEUHGH³7$VD3UDO´%HOOLGREl Alcántara en la reti-
rada de Annual. La laureada debidaS
3ODQRGHODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOGH7L]]L$VVD
356
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODSRVLFLyQGH7L]]L$VVD3ULQFLSDO(QSULPHUSODQRVHREVHUYD
HOSDUDSHWRGHOFDPLQRGHDFFHVRIRUPDGRSRUVDFRVWHUUHURV
9LVWDGH7L]]L$VVD3ULQFLSDOGHVGHHOYLHMRFDPLQRGHDFFHVRGHVGHHOHVWH
357
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHOODGRQRURHVWHGHOSDUDSHWRGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDGHORVUHVWRVGHXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQLQWHULRUGHVGHHOHVWH
358
9LVWDGHOUHFLQWRLQWHULRUGHVGHODHQWUDGDDODSRVLFLyQ(QSULPHUSODQRVHREVHU
YDQORVUHVWRVGHOGHSyVLWRGHDJXD
'HWDOOH GHO GHSyVLWR GH DJXD GHVGH HO VXURHVWH$O IRQGR OD ]RQD GH$QQXDO

359
/DSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOYLVWDGHVGH7L]]L$VVD1RUWH
9LVWDJHQHUDOGH7L]]L$VVD3ULQFLSDOFRQÀHFKDGHVGHOD3RVLFLyQ%HQtWH]DO

HVWH$VXGHUHFKDODORPDGH7L]]L$VVD1RUWH
360
7,==,$66$1257(3RVLFLyQGH
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
6HORFDOL]DHQXQDORPDVLWXDGDDOQRUWHGHODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDO\VHHQOD]DQD
WUDYpVGHXQSHTXHxRFROODGRFDELODGH7HPVDPiQSURYLQFLDGH1DGRU'LVSRQH
GHXQFRPSOHWRGRPLQLRYLVXDOKDFLDHOQRUWH]RQDGH$QQXDOPLHQWUDVTXHKDFLD
HOVXUVHHQFXHQWUDGRPLQDGDSRUODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOGHPD\RUDOWLWXG(ODFFHVR
HVHOPLVPRTXHHOGH7L]]L$VVD3ULQFLSDO
/RVDYDWDUHVKLVWyULFRVGHODSRVLFLyQQRUWHIXHURQVLPLODUHVDORVGHODSRVL
FLyQSULQFLSDO\DODVGHVXHQWRUQRYLpQGRVHHQYXHOWDHQORVVXFHVRVEpOLFRVGH
ORVDxRVHQHVWD]RQDGHYDQJXDUGLDGHOWHUULWRULRGH0HOLOOD
7L]]L$VVD1RUWHVHHVWDEOHFHFRPRXQDSRVLFLyQGHSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGD
QRUWHVXUFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR'LVSRQtDGH
SDUDSHWRSHULPHWUDOFRQODHQWUDGDSRUHOODGRVXUKDVWDGRQGHOOHJDEDHOFDPLQR
FXELHUWRGHDFFHVRDODVSRVLFLRQHVGHHVWHVHFWRU(VWHFDPLQRHQHOWUDPRTXH
UHFRUUHHOFROODGRGHVGHODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOKXERGHVHUH[FDYDGRHQHOWHUUHQR
SDUDVXPHMRUGHIHQVDDVHPHMiQGRVHPRUIROyJLFDPHQWHDXQDWULQFKHUDDODUJDGD(Q
HOUHFLQWRLQWHULRUVHVLWXDEDQYDULDVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVRHVWUXFWXUDVGHPDPSRVWHUtD
$FWXDOPHQWH\GHIRUPDVLPLODUDODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOSUHVHQWDXQHVWDGRGH
FRQVHUYDFLyQUXLQRVRFRQHOSDUDSHWR\HOUHFLQWRLQWHULRUSUiFWLFDPHQWHDUUDVDGRV
$SHVDUGHHOORD~QVHSXHGHQREVHUYDUORVUHVWRVGHDOJXQDHVWUXFWXUDLQWHULRUGH
ODHQWUDGD\GHOYLHMRFDPLQRGHDFFHVR
361
)RWRDQWLJXDGHODSRVLFLyQGH7L]]L$VVD1RUWHGHVGHODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDO6H
REVHUYDHOFDPLQRGHDFFHVRH[FDYDGRHQIRUPDGHWULQFKHUD
9LVWDGH7L]]L$VVD1RUWHGHVGHODSRVLFLyQSULQFLSDOGHVGHHOVXU6HDSUHFLDOD
KXHOODGHOYLHMRFDPLQRGHDFFHVR
362
'HWDOOHGHORVUHVWRVGHODHQWUDGDGHVGHHOVXU
'HWDOOH GH ORV UHVWRV PXUDULRV GH XQD FRQVWUXFFLyQ LQWHULRU GHVGH HO QRUWH$O
IRQGRHOFHUURGH7L]]L$VVD3ULQFLSDO
363
9LVWDJHQHUDOGH7L]]L$VVD1RUWHFRQÀHFKDGHVGHOD3RVLFLyQ%HQtWH]GHVGHHO

HVWH$VXL]TXLHUGD7L]]L$VVD3ULQFLSDO
364
7$/$0$*$,7$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(ODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHOD0HKDOODGH7DODPDJDLWFDELODGH%HQL7X]tQSUR
YLQFLDGH1DGRUVHORFDOL]DIXHUDGHODSREODFLyQGH.DVVLWDXQRVNPDORHVWH
D OD GHUHFKD GH OD FDUUHWHUD 3 HQ GLUHFFLyQ D$OKXFHPDV \ HQWUH ORV PRQWHV
.HFK.HFKDOQRUWH\$]URX$NFKDUDOVXURHVWH
/D]RQDGH%HQL7X]tQIXHRFXSDGDSRUODVWURSDVHVSDxRODVHQODSULPDYHUDGH
GXUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVPLOLWDUHVSRVWHULRUHVDODesembarco de Alhucemas
GH/DLQVWDODFLyQGHOUHFLQWRPLOLWDUGH7DODPDJDLWFRQOOHYyODIRUPDFLyQGH
XQSHTXHxRSREODGRFLYLOFX\DDFWLYLGDGHFRQyPLFDVHRULHQWDEDDVDWLVIDFHUODV
QHFHVLGDGHVGHORVPLOLWDUHV7UDVDEDQGRQDUODVIXHU]DVHVSDxRODVHOWHUULWRULRHQ
HOSREODGRFLYLOGH7DODPDJDLWFRPHQ]yDODQJXLGHFHU\SUiFWLFDPHQWHD
GHVDSDUHFHU151(ODFXDUWHODPLHQWRSUHVHQWDSODQWDUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRURHVWH
VXUHVWHFRQXQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKR
FRQPXURSHULPHWUDODPSOLDH[SODQDGDHQOD]RQDVXUHVWH\YDULRVHGL¿FLRVHQVX
LQWHULRUSHUPDQHFLHQGRHQXQRGHHOORVHOHPEOHPDGHOD0HKDOODVREUHD]XOHMRV
/DHQWUDGDHQIRUPDGHDUFRÀDQTXHDGRSRUGRVJDULWDVVHVLW~DHQHOODGRVXURHVWH
$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGR\HQSUHFDULRHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ
FRQJUDQSDUWHGHOPXURSHULPHWUDOGHUUXLGR
365
(QWUDGDGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
9LVWDGHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH$OIRQGRVHDSUHFLDHOHPEOHPDGHOD0HKDOOD
VREUHODHQWUDGDGHXQDHGL¿FDFLyQ
366
'HWDOOHGHOHPEOHPDGHOD0HKDOODVREUHD]XOHMRV
9LVWD GHO H[WHULRU GHVGH HO QRURHVWH 6H DSUHFLD HO PXUR SHULPHWUDO GHUUXLGR

367
9LVWDJHQHUDOGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH7DODPDJDLWGHVGHHOVXU
368
$5%$$7$85,57(GL¿FLRPLOLWDU
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
(OHGL¿FLRWDPELpQOODPDGRDOFD]DEDVHXELFDHQXQDDOWXUDVREUHODPDUJHQ
L]TXLHUGDGHOUtR1HNRUFDELODGH%HQL8UULDJXHOSURYLQFLDGH$O+RFHLPD6X
DFFHVRVHUHDOL]DDWUDYpVGHODFDUUHWHUDTXHXQDYH]SDVDGRHOSXHQWHGHODFDUUHWHUD
3VREUHHOUtRHQGLUHFFLyQD$OKXFHPDVSDUWHDODL]TXLHUGDKDFLD$UEDD7DXULUW
/DDOFD]DEDHMHUFLyFRPR2¿FLQDGH,QWHUYHQFLyQ0LOLWDUHVSDxRODHQHOWHUUL
WRULRGHOVXUGHODFDELODGH%HQL8UULDJXHO\VHFRQVWUX\yHQORVDxRVVHJ~QHO
GLVHxRGHOFRURQHO(PLOLR%ODQFR,]DJDVLJXLHQGRORVHVTXHPDVDUTXLWHFWyQLFRV
GHOOODPDGR³(VWLOR5LIHxR´GHOTXHVHFRQVLGHUDODREUDPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYD(QVX
FRQVWUXFFLyQSDUWLFLSDURQWDPELpQHODUTXLWHFWR0DQXHO/DWRUUH3DVWRU\HOLQJH
QLHURGHFDPLQRV)UDQFLVFR&DVWHOOyQ'tD]FRQVLGHUDGRHOSULQFLSDOFRODERUDGRU
GHOFRURQHO%ODQFR,]DJD(VWHHVWLORVHLQVSLUDHQORVPRGHORVFRQVWUXFWLYRVGH
ORV³NVDU´GHO$OWR$WODVHQHOVXUGH0DUUXHFRVFDUDFWHUL]DGRVSRUODSUHVHQFLD
GHJUDQGHVYRO~PHQHVGHSHU¿OHVDWDOX]DGRV\DVLPpWULFRVFRQDOJXQDVWRUUHVHQ
ODVHVTXLQDV(QHVWRVHGL¿FLRVGRPLQDEDHOFRORUURML]R\DEXQGDEDODGHFRUDFLyQ
EDVDGD HQ GLEXMRV JHRPpWULFRV152 (VWH UHFLQWR GH SODQWD UHFWDQJXODU RULHQWDGD
QRUHVWHVXURHVWHGHXQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRVHSUHVHQWDFRPRXQ
FRQMXQWRFRPSDFWRFRQGRVWRUUHVHQORViQJXORVVXURHVWH\QRUHVWHGHJUDQGHV
GLPHQVLRQHVpVWDXOWLPDDOEHUJDQGRHQVXLQWHULRUYDULDVHGL¿FDFLRQHV\GRVSDWLRV
XQRGHHOORVSRUWLFDGR&RQVWDGHGRVHQWUDGDVHQORVODGRVVXUHVWH\VXURHVWH(Q
HOH[WHULRUGHVXVPXURVSUHGRPLQDQORVWRQRVURML]RV\ODGHFRUDFLyQJHRPpWULFD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGODDOFD]DEDVHHQFXHQWUDDEDQGRQDGD\PX\GHWHULRUDGDVLELHQ
ODVDXWRULGDGHVFXOWXUDOHVPDUURTXtHVHVWiQSUR\HFWDQGRXQDIXWXUDUHKDELOLWDFLyQ153.
152 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…SS3DUDXQPD\RUFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOD

REUDGH%ODQFR,]DJDYHUWDPELpQ+DUWEmilio Blanco Izaga: Coronel en el Rif
153 (QQXHVWUDYLVLWDGHDEULOGHFRLQFLGLPRVFRQYDULRVPLHPEURVGHODDGPLQLVWUDFLyQFXOWXUDO
PDUURTXtTXHHVWDEDQHYDOXDQGRODVSRVLELOLGDGHVGHUHKDELOLWDFLyQGHOHGL¿FLR
369
9LVWDGHODDOFD]DEDGH7DXULUWGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDGHOODGRVXURHVWHGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
370
(GL¿FLRLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
(QWUDGDGHDFFHVRDOSDWLRSRUWLFDGRGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
371
'LSORPD GHO QRPEUDPLHQWR GHO LQJHQLHUR )UDQFLVFR &DVWHOOyQ 'tD] FRPR ³,Q
WHUYHQWRU+RQRUDULRGH´IHFKDGRD¿QHVGH(QWUHODVREUDVFLWDGDVHQ
HVWHGRFXPHQWR¿JXUDODDOFD]DEDGH$UEDDGH7DXULUWSRUFRUWHVtDGHVXIDPLOLD
&DVDUGH&iFHUHV&iFHUHV
372
%(1,%8$<$&+$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DORFDOLGDGGH%HQL%X$\DFKFDELODGH%HQL8UULDJXHOSURYLQFLDGH$O
+RFHLPDVHVLW~DMXQWRDODFDUUHWHUD3TXHVHGLULJHD$OKXFHPDVHQODPDUJHQ
L]TXLHUGDGHOUtR1HNRU(ODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRHVSDxROHVWiORFDOL]DGRDODV
DIXHUDVGHODSREODFLyQDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD
(OUHFLQWRFRQVWUXLGRFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDODesembarco de AlhucemasGH
VHFRQIRUPDFRPRXQDFRQVWUXFFLyQUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDQRURHVWHVXUHVWHFRQ
XQDVGLPHQVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDVGHPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQPXUR
SHULPHWUDODFFHVRVVHFXQGDULRVFRQJDULWDVHQVXVODGRVQRUHVWH\VXURHVWH\OD
HQWUDGDSULQFLSDOHQVXODGRVXUHVWH
(QODDFWXDOLGDGVHFRQVHUYDHQSUHFDULRHVWDGRHPSOHiQGRVHVXDPSOLRUH
FLQWRLQWHULRUFRPRPHUFDGR
373
/DGRVXUHVWHGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWR(QWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHVGHHOVXU
9LVWDGHODHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOGHVGHHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
374
(QWUDGDVHFXQGDULDGHOODGRQRUHVWHGHVGHHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXU
375
(,1=25(1$FXDUWHODPLHQWR
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DORFDOLGDGGH(LQ=RUHQFDELODGH%HQL8UULDJXHOSURYLQFLDGH$O+RFH
LPDVHVLW~DDODL]TXLHUGDGHODFDUUHWHUD3TXHVHGLULJHD$OKXFHPDVHQODV
SUR[LPLGDGHVGHODPDUJHQL]TXLHUGDGHOUtR1HNRU(ODQWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWR
HVSDxROHVWiORFDOL]DGRHQHOLQWHULRUGHODSREODFLyQ
(LQ=RUHQDGLIHUHQFLDGHRWURVQ~FOHRVSREODFLRQDOHVQDFLGRVDODPSDURGH
FDPSDPHQWRVPLOLWDUHVVXUJLyHQORVDxRVFRPRSREODGRGHFRORQL]DFLyQDJUD
ULD154(ODFXDUWHODPLHQWRVHFRQVWUX\yFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDOSREODGRFRQIRUPiQGRVH
FRPRXQUHFLQWRGHSODQWDOLJHUDPHQWHUHFWDQJXODURULHQWDGDVXURHVWHQRUHVWHGH
XQRVPGHODUJR\PGHDQFKRFRQPXURSHULPHWUDO\HGL¿FDFLRQHVHQVX
LQWHULRUFRQODHQWUDGDHQHOODGRVXURHVWHHQFX\RViQJXORVFXHQWDFRQGRVWRUUHV
FXDGUDGDVGHGRVDOWXUDV
$FWXDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDHQSUHFDULRHVWDGRFRQVXVFRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV
XWLOL]DGDVFRPRYLYLHQGD\VLHQGRYLVLEOHVORVHIHFWRVGHOVHtVPRGH$OKXFHPDV
GHTXHWXYRDTXtXQDIXHUWHLQFLGHQFLD
376
(QWUDGDGHODFXDUWHODPLHQWRGH(LQ=RUHQHQORVDxRV6HREVHUYDHOHPEOHPD
GH OD 0HKDOOD VREUH OD SRUWDGD ÀDQTXHDGD SRU GRV JDULWDV &LHUYD Francisco
Franco. Biografía históricaSS
(VWDGRDFWXDOGHODHQWUDGDVLQSRUWDGDQLJDULWDVDXQTXHSHUPDQHFHQORViUEROHV
GHVGHHOVXURHVWH
377
'HWDOOHGHODVUXLQDVGHXQHGL¿FLRLQWHULRUGHVGHHOQRURHVWH
9LVWDGHODWRUUHGHOiQJXORQRURHVWHGHVGHHOLQWHULRUGHVGHHOVXUHVWH
378
9LVWDGHODWRUUHGHOiQJXORVXURHVWHGHVGHHOH[WHULRUGHVGHHORHVWH
379
PEÑÓN DE ALHUCEMAS
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
,VORWH IRUWL¿FDGR EDMR VREHUDQtD HVSDxROD GHVGH ¿QDOHV GHO VLJOR ;9,, 6L
WXDGRDXQRVPGHODSOD\DGH,V¿KDMXQWRDORVSHTXHxRVLVORWHVSUy[LPRV
OODPDGRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGH0DU\GH7LHUUDHQHOVHFWRURFFLGHQWDOGHOD%DKtD
GH$OKXFHPDV
(O3HxyQIXHRFXSDGRSRUORVHVSDxROHVHQEDMRHOUHLQDGRGH&DUORV
,,HQ(VSDxD\HOVXOWDQDWRGH0XOD\,VPDLOHQ0DUUXHFRV6HFRQYLUWLyHQXQD
IRUWDOH]DPLOLWDUHVWDEOHFLpQGRVHFRQHOSDVRGHORVDxRVXQUHGXFLGRQ~PHUR
GH FRPHUFLDQWHV TXH PDQWHQGUtDQ XQ FRQVWDQWH LQWHUFDPELR FRPHUFLDO FRQ ORV
ULIHxRVGHODVFDELODVSUy[LPDV%RFR\D%HQL8UULDJXHO\7HPVDPiQ$VLPLVPR
\DHQHOVLJOR;;OD2¿FLQD0LOLWDUGH$VXQWRV,QGtJHQDVXELFDGDHQHO3HxyQ
DFWXDEDFRPRLQVWUXPHQWRSDUDODVXPLVLyQSDFt¿FDGHODVFDELODVDOSRGHUHVSD
xRO'XUDQWHODGuerra del RifVLUYLyFRPRSXQWRGHLQWHUPHGLDFLyQ
HQWUHORVFRQWHQGLHQWHVHQODVGLYHUVDVQHJRFLDFLRQHVTXHWXYLHURQOXJDUDWUDYpV
GHFRQWDFWRVSHUVRQDOHV\HSLVWRODUHV155\VLUYLyWDPELpQSDUDHOHQYtRGHYtYHUHV
DORVSULVLRQHURVGH$EGHO.ULPHQORVFDPSRVGH$MGLUXQRGHORVFXDOHVHO
WHQLHQWH PpGLFR$QWRQLR9i]TXH] %HUQDEpX FRQVLJXLy KXLU \ OOHJDU D QDGR DO
3HxyQ HQ VHSWLHPEUH GH 156 'XUDQWH OD Guerra Civil HVSDxROD OD LVOD IXH
XWLOL]DGDFRPRSULVLyQSDUDORVDFXVDGRVGHDFWXDUFRQWUDHOOHYDQWDPLHQWRPLOLWDU
GHOJHQHUDO)UDQFR157.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGHO3HxyQGH$OKXFHPDVVLJXHHVWDQGREDMRVREHUDQtDHVSD
xRODPDQWHQLHQGRXQDSHTXHxDJXDUQLFLyQPLOLWDUGH5HJXODUHVGH0HOLOODQ
HQVXVLQVWDODFLRQHV\VLHQGRMXQWRFRQODVGHPiVSRVHVLRQHVHVSDxRODVGHOQRUWH
GHÈIULFDREMHWRGHUHFODPRSRUSDUWHGHODVDXWRULGDGHVPDUURTXtHV

156 3DQGRLa hora de las responsabilidades+LVWRULDQS
157 5RPiQFragmentos de una conversación continua sobre AlhucemasS
380
3ODQR GHO 3HxyQ GH $OKXFHPDV HQ /DFDOOH \ 5XELR Desembarco de
Alhucemas, 8 de septiembre de 1925S
9LVWDGHO3HxyQGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
381
9LVWDGHO3HxyQGHVGHODSOD\DGH,V¿KDGHVGHHOVXURHVWH
9LVWD JHQHUDO GHO 3HxyQ \ ORV GRV LVORWHV GHVGH$OKXFHPDV GHVGH HO QRURHVWH

382
ALHUCEMAS
/DWLWXG¶¶¶
/RQJLWXG¶¶¶
$OWLWXGP
3ODQR
/DFLXGDGGH$OKXFHPDV$O+RFHLPDHVWiXELFDGDHQHOH[WUHPRQRURHVWH

GHOD%DKtDGH$OKXFHPDVHQXQDOODQDGDDOQRUWHGHOPRQWH0DOPXVLVREUHOD
SOD\DGH(O4XHPDGRDOHVWH\ODSOD\DGHOD&HEDGLOODDOQRURHVWH(VWiVLWXDGD
GHQWURGHOWHUULWRULRGHODFDELODGH%RFR\D\HMHUFHFRPRFDSLWDOGHODSURYLQFLD
/D]RQDHQODTXHVHDVLHQWDODFLXGDGDFWXDOIXHRFXSDGDSRUODVWURSDVHVSD
xRODVGXUDQWHHODesembarco de AlhucemasHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGH$SDUWLU
GHHVDIHFKD\DODPSDURGHORVFDPSDPHQWRVPLOLWDUHVDOOtHVWDEOHFLGRVLUiQVXU
JLHQGRFDQWLQDV\SHTXHxRVFRPHUFLRV\WDOOHUHVTXHVHUiQHOHPEULyQGHODFLXGDG
DODTXHVHOHGLRHOQRPEUHGH9LOOD6DQMXUMRHQUHIHUHQFLDDXQRGHORVMHIHVGH
ODVWURSDVHVSDxRODVTXHGLULJLHURQHO'HVHPEDUFRHOJHQHUDO6DQMXUMR/DLGHDGH
SHQHWUDUSRUPDUHQOD%DKtDGH$OKXFHPDV\HQHOWHUULWRULRGHORV%HQL8UULDJXHO
OOHYDEDSUHSDUiQGRVHGXUDQWHYDULRVDxRVFRQORVSUR\HFWRVGHGHVHPEDUFRGH
1911 y 1913158DFFLRQHVTXHQRVHOOHYDUtDQDFDERKDVWDTXH(VSDxD\)UDQFLD
DPHQD]DGDVHULDPHQWHSRUHODYDQFHULIHxRHQVX]RQDGHO3URWHFWRUDGRGHFLGLHVHQ
FRODERUDUPLOLWDUPHQWHSDUDGHUURWDUDODRepública del Rif(VWDFRODERUDFLyQVH
SUHSDUyHQODConferencia de MadridGHMXQLRMXOLRGH\TXHVHFRQFUHWyHQ
ODUHXQLyQGH7HWXiQGH¿QDOHVGHMXOLRGHOPLVPRDxRHQWUHHOPDULVFDO3pWDLQ\HO
JHQHUDO3ULPRGH5LYHUD159(O'HVHPEDUFRFRPHQ]yHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGH
HQODVSOD\DVGHOD&HEDGLOODH,[GDtQDOQRURHVWHGHODDFWXDOFLXGDG'XUDQWH
ORVVLJXLHQWHVGtDVFRQWLQXDUtDQGHVHPEDUFDQGRIXHU]DVTXHWUDVGXURVFRPEDWHV
DOFDQ]DUtDQHOGHVHSWLHPEUHODFDODGH(O4XHPDGRDOHVWHGHODFLXGDG\HO
PRQWH0DOPXVLDOVXU/DVDFFLRQHVEpOLFDVGH$OKXFHPDVWHQGUiQVX¿QDOHO
GHRFWXEUHFRQODHQWUDGDGHODVWURSDVHVSDxRODVHQ$MGLUORFDOLGDGQDWDOGH$EG
HO.ULP\FDSLWDOGHVX5HS~EOLFD
9LOOD6DQMXUMRFRQRFLGDSRUVXVKDELWDQWHVFRPR³9LOOD´160SURQWRLUiDXPHQ
WDQGRGHSREODFLyQ\GHHQWLGDGIXQGiQGRVHHQHOSHULyGLFRDiario Español
de AlhucemasDXQTXHHOFDUiFWHUPLOLWDUVLHPSUHVHUiHOSUHGRPLQDQWHFRQORV
QXPHURVRVDFXDUWHODPLHQWRVDOOtLQVWDODGRV\UHDOL]DGRVVHJ~QORVSUR\HFWRVGH
158 0DGDULDJDEspaña y el Rif, crónica…SS

160 5RPiQFragmentos…S
383
ORVLQJHQLHURV)ORUHQFLR%DXOX]=DPERUD\\-RVp'XQ5RV161$SDUWLUGH
FRQOD,QGHSHQGHQFLDGH0DUUXHFRV9LOOD6DQMXUMRSDVDUiDOODPDUVH$O+RFHLPD
SURGXFLpQGRVHODSURJUHVLYDPDUFKDGHVXVDQWLJXRVKDELWDQWHVHVSDxROHV
(QODFLXGDGVHFRQVHUYDQYDULRVUHFLQWRVPLOLWDUHVFRPRHODFXDUWHODPLHQWR
GHOD/HJLyQTXHDOEHUJyWDPELpQD,QIDQWHUtD\HOHGL¿FLRGHOD&RPDQGDQFLD
0LOLWDUGHORVDxRVVLWXDGRHQODSOD]DGH/D0DUFKH9HUWHVREUHODFDODGH
(O4XHPDGR(VWHHGL¿FLRSUR\HFWDGRDUTXLWHFWyQLFDPHQWHHQSRU&DUORV
0DUtQGH%HUQDUGR\/DVKHUDVGHVDUUROODGRD¿QDOHVGHORVDxRVSRU/XLV6LFUH
0DUDVVL\¿QDOL]DGRHQWUH\SRUHOLQJHQLHUR-RVp0DXU\&DUYDMDOHVWi
FRQVLGHUDGRHOPiVUHOHYDQWHHMHPSORGHODDUTXLWHFWXUDUHJLRQDOLVWDHQOD]RQD
RULHQWDOGHO3URWHFWRUDGR162.
(QODDFWXDOLGDGORVDQWLJXRVDFXDUWHODPLHQWRVHVSDxROHVHVWiQRFXSDGRVSRU
HOHMpUFLWRPDUURTXtWDOHVHOFDVRGHOGHOD/HJLyQTXHDFRJHDOD0DULQD5HDO
GH0DUUXHFRVSHUPDQHFLHQGRHQSHUIHFWRHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQHOHGL¿FLRGH
ODDQWLJXD&RPDQGDQFLD0LOLWDUTXHDOEHUJDDO,QVWLWXWR(VSDxROJovellanosGH
SHQGLHQWHGHOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQHVSDxROD

384
3ODQR GHO 'HVHPEDUFR /DFDOOH \ 5XELR Desembarco de Alhucemas…

S
3ODQR GHO 'HVHPEDUFR /DFDOOH \ 5XELR Desembarco de Alhucemas…

S
385
3ODQRGH9LOOD6DQMXUMRHQ%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…

S
9LVWDDpUHDGHO'HVHPEDUFRGH$OKXFHPDV:RROPDQAbd el-Krim y la guerra

del Rif
386
9LVWDGHODSOD\DGHOD&HEDGLOODODGHO'HVHPEDUFRGHVGHHOQRUHVWH
3RUWDGD GHO DQWLJXR DFXDUWHODPLHQWR GH OD /HJLyQ 0RQWHV 5DPRV El Tercio
S
387
$QWLJXRDFXDUWHODPLHQWRGHOD/HJLyQH,QIDQWHUtDDFWXDOPHQWHRFXSDGRSRUOD
0DULQD5HDOPDUURTXtGHVGHHOHVWH
$QWLJXD&RPDQGDQFLD0LOLWDUDFWXDO,QVWLWXWR(VSDxROJovellanosGHVGHHOVX
URHVWH
388
Epílogo
/RVDxRVGHDEDQGRQRHQORVTXHKDSHUPDQHFLGRHO5LIGHVGHODLQGHSHQGHQFLD
GH0DUUXHFRVHQSDUHFHQKDEHUOOHJDGRDVX¿Q7DOYH]HOKHFKRGHTXHHO
VHtVPRGHDIHFWDVHIXHUWHPHQWHDOD]RQDGH$OKXFHPDVKL]RTXHDSDUWLUGH
HVDIHFKDVHIXHVHSURGXFLHQGRXQDXPHQWRVLJQL¿FDWLYRGHODVLQYHUVLRQHVJXEHU
QDPHQWDOHVFRPSDUDGRFRQODVGpFDGDVDQWHULRUHVHQREUDVS~EOLFDVQHFHVDULDV
SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR LQWHJUDO GHO 5LI 'H JUDQ LPSRUWDQFLD SDUD HOOR VRQ OD QXHYD
FDUUHWHUDFRVWHUDTXHHQOD]DODVFLXGDGHVGH1DGRU\$OKXFHPDV\ODQXHYDOtQHD
IHUURYLDULDTXHXQLUi1DGRUFRQHOUHVWRGHOtQHDVPDUURTXtHV
(VWDPD\RULPSOLFDFLyQGHOD$GPLQLVWUDFLyQHQHOGHVDUUROORGHO5LIFRQ
OOHYDDVLPLVPRXQLQFLSLHQWHLQWHUpVSRUFRQVHUYDUDOJXQRGHORVUHVWRVKLVWyULFRV
HVSDxROHV TXH SHUPDQHFHQ DEDQGRQDGRV HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG 7DO HV HO FDVR GH OD
$OFD]DEDGH$UEDD7DXULUWODREUDVHxHUDGHOFRURQHO%ODQFR,]DJDHQODTXHOD
DGPLQLVWUDFLyQFXOWXUDOPDUURTXtSUR\HFWDXQDIXWXUDUHKDELOLWDFLyQFRPRSXGLPRV
FRPSUREDUin situ(VSHUDPRVTXHHVWHSUR\HFWRDFDEHFRQFUHWiQGRVH\TXHHQXQ
IXWXURSUy[LPRVHDQPiVORVUHVWRVGHODpSRFDHVSDxRODTXHVXVFLWHQHOLQWHUpVGH
ODVDXWRULGDGHVDODXLWDV
391
$KDNKQITCHÈC
5()(5(1&,$6*(1(5$/(6
$ORQVR-Un mito, Segangán$UPDV\PXQLFLRQHVQ0DGULGSS

%DFKRXG$Los españoles ante las campañas de MarruecosHG(VSDVD
&DOSH0DGULG
%DOIRXU6Abrazo mortal. De la guerra colonial a la Guerra Civil en
España y Marruecos (1909-1939)HG3HQtQVXOD%DUFHORQD
%HONDGL00Le lion du Rif. Mémoires de la guerre du RifHG$%HO
NDGL0DURF
%HOOLGR$QGUpX$El Alcántara en la retirada de Annual. La laureada
debida&ROHFFLyQ$GDOLGQ,PSUHQWD0LQLVWHULRGH'HIHQVD0DGULG
%HOORG*yPH]$Soldado en tres guerrasHG6DQ0DUWtQ0DGULG
%H\$Viajes por Marruecos(GLFLRQHV%%DUFHORQD
%ODQFR9i]TXH] / \ -HUH] 0RUHQR 0 - Huella española en el Rif
5HYLVWDGH$UTXHRORJtDQ0DGULGSS
%ODQFR9i]TXH] / \ -HUH] 0RUHQR 0 - Destrucción del acuartela-
miento español de Dar Dríus (Rif, Marruecos)5HYLVWDGH$UTXHRORJtDQ
0DGULGS
%ODQFR9i]TXH]/\6LHUUD3LHGUD*Huella española en el Rif (Melilla-
$OKXFHPDV5HFLQWRVPLOLWDUHV\IRUWL¿FDFLRQHV5HYLVWDGH$UTXHRORJtDQ
0DGULGSS
%RVTXH ) (O 5HJLPLHQWR GH $OFiQWDUD VDFUL¿FDGR HQ 0RQWH $UUXLW
+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS
%UDYR1LHWR$Arquitectura y urbanismo español en el norte de Marrue-
cosHG-XQWDGH$QGDOXFtD6HYLOOD
%UDYR1LHWR$\%HOOYHU*DUULGR-$Prehistoria del Rif oriental en la
obra de Carlos Posac Mon,QVWLWXWRGH&XOWXUD0HGLWHUUiQHD0HOLOOD
&DPSRV-0Abd el Krim y el ProtectoradoHG$OJD]DUD0iODJD
&DPS~D-/Bendición y entrega de la bandera que ha regalado Málaga
a los Regulares de MelillaUHYLVWD0XQGR*Ui¿FRQ0DGULG
&DPS~D-/Inauguración del monumento al heroico Comandante Be-
nítez, en MálagaUHYLVWD0XQGR*Ui¿FRQ0DGULG
&iQRYDV GHO &DVWLOOR$ Apuntes para la Historia de Marruecos HG
$OJD]DUD0iODJD
395
&DUDQFL&La revolución rifeña de Abd el-Krim+LVWRULDH[WUD,;

0DGULGSS
&DUUDVFR$Las imágenes del Desastre, Annual 1921HG$OPHQD0DGULG
&DUUDVFR$\0HVD-/GHLas tropas de África en las campañas de
Marruecos6HUJDHVSQHG$OPHQD0DGULG
&DUUDVFR$0HVD-/GH\'RPtQJXH]6Las imágenes del desembarco,
Alhucemas 1925HG$OPHQD0DGULG
&DVDGR \ (VFXGHUR / Igueriben, 7 de junio-21 de julio de 1921 HG
$OPHQD0DGULG
&DWDOLQD$Diario de un soldado del Inmemorial del Rey en África/D
&RURQHOtD*XDUGDVGHO5H\Q0DGULGSS
&LHUYD5GHODFrancisco Franco, biografía históricaHG3ODQHWD0DGULG
'tH]6iQFKH]-Los Fuertes Exteriores: el “Quinto Recinto” de-
fensivo de Melilla (1862-1899)7UiSDQD0HOLOODSS
)HUQiQGH] GH /D 5HJXHUD 5 \ 0DUFK 6 El Desastre de Annual HG
3ODQHWD%DUFHORQD
)UDQFLVFR / 0 Annual, 1921. Crónica de un desastre$) (GLWRUHV
9DOODGROLG
)UDQFR%DKDPRQGH)Diario de una Bandera0DGULG
*DUFtD/ySH]5Los Fuertes Exteriores de Melilla: aproximación
histórico-artística7UiSDQD0HOLOODSS
*DUFtD 4XHLSR GH /ODQR * El reinado de Alfonso XIII +LVWRULD \
7HPDVGH+R\0DGULG
*DUFtD6HUUDQR5Medio siglo legionario+LVWRULD\9LGDQ%DUFH
ORQDSS
*LO6\*yPH]0Melilla, apuntes de su historia militar$\WRGH0HOLOOD
*RHV&Igueriben6HUJDQ0DGULGSS
+DUW'0Emilio Blanco Izaga: Coronel en el Rif$\WRGH0HOLOOD
,EQ$]]X]+DNLP0La actitud de los moros ante el Alzamiento. Ma-
rruecos 1936HG$OJD]DUD0iODJD
-iWLYD/Sidi TebibHG/-iWLYD$VWXULDV
-LPpQH]'RPtQJXH]-0HWDOLLFuerzas Regulares Indígenas. De Melilla
a Tetuán. 1911-1914. Tiempos de ilusión y de gloriaHG$OPHQD0DGULG
/DFDOOH0\5XELR3Desembarco de Alhucemas, 8 de septiembre de
19256ROGLHUVH[WUDKLVWyULFR,0DGULG
396
/HJXLQHFKH0Annual, 1921HG$OIDJXDUD0DGULG

/ySH]*DUFtD%Seis siglos de España en África+LVWRULDH[WUD,;
0DGULGSS
/ySH]*DUFtD%La cruz y la espada+LVWRULDH[WUD,;0DGULGSS

/ySH]0RQGpMDU3La huella española en el Rif&DUWDGH(VSDxDQ
0DGULGSS
0DGDULDJD05España y el Rif, crónica de una historia casi olvidada
&LXGDG$XWyQRPDGH0HOLOOD
0DGDULDJD 0 5 Los moros que trajo Franco… HG 0DUWtQH] 5RFD
%DUFHORQD
0DGDULDJD05En el Barranco del Lobo: las guerras de Marruecos
$OLDQ]DHG0DGULG
0DGDULDJD05\/i]DUR&Guerra química en el Rif (1921-1927)
+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS
0DHVWUH-Fracaso del colonialismo franquista+LVWRULDH[WUD,;
0DGULGSS
0DULxDV2WHUR(Las Plazas Menores de soberanía española en África
0LOLWDULDQ0DGULGSS
0DUTXLQD$De las pretensiones al naufragio (1939-1956)+LVWRULD
H[WUD,;0DGULGSS
0DUWtQH] 6RO 5 De Canalejas al Tribunal de Responsabilidades HG
'pGDOR0DGULG
0DWLOOD$La misión del ProtectoradoUHYLVWD0XQGR*Ui¿FRQ
0DGULG
0DWLOOD$El plano de conjuntoUHYLVWD0XQGR*Ui¿FRQ0DGULG
0HVD-/GHHWDOLLLas campañas de Marruecos, 1909-1927HG$OPHQD
0DGULG
0LU%HUODQJD)Resumen de la Historia de Melilla&LXGDG$XWyQRPD
GH0HOLOOD
0RQWHV5DPRV-El TercioHG$JXDODUJD0DGULG
0RQWHV5DPRV-Los RegularesHG$JXDODUJD0DGULG
0RUDOHV/H]FDQR9El fracaso del marroquismo+LVWRULDH[WUD,;
0DGULGSS
397
0RUDOHV/H]FDQR9La aventura económica+LVWRULDH[WUD,;0D

GULGSS
0RUDOHV/H]FDQR9Ceuta, Melilla y Gibraltar+LVWRULDH[WUD,;
0DGULGSS
0RUDOHV/H]FDQR9El Final del Protectorado Hispano-Francés en Ma-
rruecos,QVWLWXWR(JLSFLRGH(VWXGLRV,VOiPLFRV0DGULG
0RUDOHV/H]FDQR9El colonialismo hispano-francés en Marruecos (1898-
1927)8QLYHUVLGDGGH*UDQDGD*UDQDGD
1HUtQ*\%RVFK$El imperio que nunca existióHG3OD]D\-DQpV
%DUFHORQD
1RJXp-\9LOODQRYD-/España en MarruecosHG0LOHQLR/OHLGD
3DOPD 0RUHQR - 7 Annual 1921, 80 años del Desastre HG$OPHQD
0DGULG
3DQGR-El Desastre de Annual+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS
3DQGR-Catástrofe española en el Rif+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS

3DQGR-La pesadilla del Gurugú+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS
3DQGR-La hora de las responsabilidades+LVWRULDQ0DGULG
SS
3DQGR-Un año después de Annual. La pesadilla africana en la España
de 1922+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS
3DQGR-Historia secreta de AnnualHG7HPDVGH+R\0DGULG
3DVFXDO3Prensa, Ejército y Parlamento en la Guerra de Marruecos
+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS
3LFDVVR-El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras de AnnualHG$OPHQD
0DGULG
3RVDF0RQ&El Ateriense del norte de Marruecos3UHKLVWRULDGHO5LI
RULHQWDOHQODREUDGH&DUORV3RVDF0RQ$%UDYR\-$%HOOYHU,QVWLWXWRGH
&XOWXUD0HGLWHUUiQHD0HOLOODSS
5RPiQ-Fragmentos de una conversación continua sobre Alhucemas
$\WRGH0HOLOOD
6DODIUDQFD - ) El sistema colonial español en África HG$OJD]DUD
0iODJD
6DODIUDQFD-)La República del RifHG$OJD]DUD0iODJD
6DODV'Tropas Regulares IndígenasHG$OGDED0DGULG
398
6iQFKH]0RQWHUR5HWDOLLCeuta y Melilla, en el ojo del huracán/D

$YHQWXUDGHOD+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS
6HFR6HUUDQR&Alfonso XIII y la crisis del sistema político de la Restau-
ración+LVWRULDQ0DGULGSS
7HVVDLQHU&)El Raisuni, aliado y enemigo de EspañaHG$OJD]DUD
0iODJD
9DUJDV$La guerra de Marruecos en la literaturaHG$OJD]DUD0iODJD
9i]TXH]6¡Salam alicum, Hamido! Marruecos Español (1941-1958)
HG$OJD]DUD0iODJD
9i]TXH]9Cine y propaganda, guerra de Marruecos+LVWRULDQ
0DGULGSS
9LGDO-0\$OEHULFK-Los ferrocarriles en los protectorados y colonias
españolas en ÁfricaHG/OXLV3ULHWR%DUFHORQD
9ROWHV3La Semana TrágicaHG(VSDVD&DOSH0DGULG
99$$La Legión Española (cincuenta años de historia)HG(VFHOLFHU
0DGULG
99$$Historia de las Campañas de MarruecosWRPR6HUYLFLR+LV
WyULFR0LOLWDU,PSU%(&()(6$0DGULG
99$$Regulares, casi un siglo de historia'HIHQVDQ0DGULG
SS
99$$Los lugares del Desastre, ayer y hoy6HUJDQ0DGULGSS

:RROPDQ'6Abd el-Krim y la guerra del RifHG2LNRV7DX%DUFHORQD
5()(5(1&,$6/,7(5$5,$6<3(5,2'Ë67,&$6
$GHÀRUEn la Guerra de África, 1921973HG*LMyQ

$ODUFyQ3$Páginas de un testigo de la guerra de África(GLWRULDOHV
$QGDOX]DV8QLGDV6HYLOOD
%DUHD$La forja de un rebelde. La rutaHG7XUQHU0DGULG
%DUHD$Cuentos completosHG0RQGDGRUL%DUFHORQD
&DVDULHJR0La hija del coronel$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO0DGULG
'tD])HUQiQGH]-El BlocaoHG7XUQHU0DGULG
399
'tD])HUQiQGH]-&UyQLFDVGHODJXHUUDGH0DUUXHFRVHG

$WHQHR2EUHURGH*LMyQ*LMyQ
)RUWHV6Fronteras de arenaHG(VSDVD&DOSH0DGULG
*DUFtDGH3UXQHGD6Ceuta en el umbralHG$UJRV9HUJDUD%DUFHORQD
*LPpQH]&DEDOOHUR(Notas marruecas de un soldadoHG3ODQHWD%DU
FHORQD
0DDORXI$León el africano$OLDQ]DHG0DGULG
0DUtDV)El vengador del Rif$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO0DGULG
6HQGHU5-Una hoguera en la nocheHG'HVWLQR%DUFHORQD
6HQGHU5-ImánHG'HVWLQR%DUFHORQD
6LOYD/Del Rif al YebalaHG'HVWLQR%DUFHORQD
6LOYD/Un viaje a Sidi Dris9LDMHVQVXSOHPHQWRGH(O0XQGR
0DGULG
6LOYD/El nombre de los nuestrosHG'HVWLQR%DUFHORQD
6LOYD/Carta blancaHG(VSDVD&DOSH0DGULG
6LOYD/El Rif6LHWH/HJXDVQ;9,,0DGULGSS
5()(5(1&,$6),/02*5È),&$6
Alhucemas SHOtFXOD(VSDxD'LU-RVp/ySH]5XELR3URG3HxD)LOPV

Al otro lado de la memoria. El Protectorado Español en MarruecosGRFXPHQWDO
(VSDxD'LU)UDQFLVFR/5LYHUD\-RVp6iQFKH]0RQWHV3URGÈWLFR
6LHWH6$\&DQDO6XUWHOHYLVLyQ
¡A mí la Legión!SHOtFXOD(VSDxD'LU-XDQGH2UGXxD3URG&,)(6$
¡Harka! SHOtFXOD(VSDxD'LU&DUORV$UpYDOR3URG&,)(6$
La BanderaSHOtFXOD)UDQFLD'LU-XOLHQ'XYLYLHU3URG6RFLpWp1RXYHOOH
GH&LQpPDWRJUDSKLH
La forja de un rebeldeVHULHFDStWXORV\(VSDxD'LU0DULR&DPXV
3URG79(6$
400
#PGZQECTVQIT¶ſEQ

Arquitectura Militar Espanola en El Rif PDF

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Arquitectura Militar Espanola en El Rif PDF

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

ARQUITECTURA MILITAR

EDITORIAL ALGAZARA. S.L.

© Luis Blanco Vázquez

© Editorial Algazara, S.L. 2011

IMPRESO EN ANDALUCÍA - ESPAÑA

Contexto histórico ........................................................................................... 23

6DQ-HUyQLPR )XHUWH .................................................................................. 96

$UEDD+DUDLJ )XHUWH ................................................................................ 208

$QQXDO &DPSDPHQWR ............................................................................... 322

%LEOLRJUDItD .................................................................................................... 393

$QH[RFDUWRJUi¿FR ........................................................................................ 401

 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos 1909-1927S

 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

/DFLXGDGGH1DGRU FDELODGH0D]X]D\FDSLWDOGHODSURYLQFLD VHORFDOL]DD

 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo español en el norte de MarruecosS

 $ORQVRUn mito, Segangán$UPDV\PXQLFLRQHVQS

10 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

11 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S

12 0DGDULDJDEspaña y el Rif, crónica de una historia casi olvidadaSS

3ODQRDQWLJXRGH=HOXiQ %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S 

14 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

16 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

17 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

20 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

)RWRGHODSRVLFLyQGH7D[XGDWUDVVXUHRFXSDFLyQHQ El Expediente Picas-

'HWDOOH GH ODV HVFDOHUDV GH DFFHVR D OD WRUUH

22 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

28 9LGDO\$OEHULFKLos ferrocarriles en los protectorados y colonias españolas en ÁfricaS

30 99$$La Legión Española (cincuenta años de historia)S/DVRSHUDFLRQHVPLOLWDUHV

3RVLFLyQGHDUWLOOHUtDDQWLDpUHDGHODLínea PérezGHVGHHOVXUHVWH  

34 'tH]6iQFKH]Relación de Actividades (1988-1989)7UiSDQDQS(QHVWH

)RUWtQ /DWLWXG¶¶¶ &DPSDPHQWR/DWLWXG¶¶¶

(OUHFLQWRIRUWL¿FDGRVHORFDOL]DHQORVH[WUHPRVQRURHVWH IRUWtQ \VXURHVWH

35 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

38 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

)RWRDQWLJXDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7DXULDW=DJHQ 0HVDHWDOLLLas Campa-

41 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

44 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

48 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

52 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

54 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

56 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

59 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

61 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

63 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

65 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…SS

68 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…SS

70 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

72 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

74 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

3ODQRGH=DLRHQORVDxRV %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…

75 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S

77 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S

80 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

&DPSDPHQWR /DWLWXG¶¶¶ )RUWtQ /DWLWXG¶¶¶

82 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

85 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

86 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

87 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…SS

88 6LOYDEl Rif6LHWH/HJXDVQ;9,,S

91 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

93 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

94 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

6DQ-HUyQLPR)XHUWH .................................................................................. 96

$UEDD+DUDLJ)XHUWH ................................................................................ 208

$QQXDO&DPSDPHQWR ............................................................................... 322

'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos 1909-1927S

'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

/DFLXGDGGH1DGRUFDELODGH0D]X]D\FDSLWDOGHODSURYLQFLDVHORFDOL]DD

%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo español en el norte de MarruecosS

$ORQVRUn mito, Segangán$UPDV\PXQLFLRQHVQS

10 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

11 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S

12 0DGDULDJDEspaña y el Rif, crónica de una historia casi olvidadaSS

3ODQRDQWLJXRGH=HOXiQ%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S

14 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

16 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

17 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

20 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

)RWRGHODSRVLFLyQGH7D[XGDWUDVVXUHRFXSDFLyQHQEl Expediente Picas-

'HWDOOH GH ODV HVFDOHUDV GH DFFHVR D OD WRUUH

22 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

28 9LGDO\$OEHULFKLos ferrocarriles en los protectorados y colonias españolas en ÁfricaS

30 99$$La Legión Española (cincuenta años de historia)S/DVRSHUDFLRQHVPLOLWDUHV

3RVLFLyQGHDUWLOOHUtDDQWLDpUHDGHODLínea PérezGHVGHHOVXUHVWH

34 'tH]6iQFKH]Relación de Actividades (1988-1989)7UiSDQDQS(QHVWH

)RUWtQ /DWLWXG¶¶¶ &DPSDPHQWR/DWLWXG¶¶¶

(OUHFLQWRIRUWL¿FDGRVHORFDOL]DHQORVH[WUHPRVQRURHVWHIRUWtQ\VXURHVWH

35 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

38 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

)RWRDQWLJXDGHOFDPSDPHQWRGH7DXULDW=DJHQ0HVDHWDOLLLas Campa-

41 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

44 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

48 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

52 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

54 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

56 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

59 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

61 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

63 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

65 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…SS

68 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…SS

70 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

72 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

74 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

3ODQRGH=DLRHQORVDxRV%UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…

75 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S

77 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S

80 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

&DPSDPHQWR /DWLWXG¶¶¶ )RUWtQ /DWLWXG¶¶¶

82 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

85 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

86 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

87 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…SS

88 6LOYDEl Rif6LHWH/HJXDVQ;9,,S

91 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

93 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

94 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

96 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

)RWRGHODUHRFXSDFLyQGHOFDPSDPHQWRHQ'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas

97 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

100 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

101 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

&DPSDPHQWR /DWLWXG¶¶¶ )RUWtQ /DWLWXG¶¶¶

102 (QHODUWtFXORDSDUHFLGRHQHQODSiJLQDZHEGHOD$VRFLDFLyQGH(VWXGLRV0HOLOOHQVHVZZZ

105 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

108 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

110 %UDYR1LHWRArquitectura y urbanismo…S

113 3DOPD0RUHQRAnnual 1921, 80 años del DesastreS

/DORFDOLGDGGH%HQ7LHEFDELODGH%HQL8OL[HNSURYLQFLDGH1DGRUVHVLW~D

116 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

120 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

121 3DOPD0RUHQRAnnual 1921, 80 años del DesastreS

123 'H0HVDHWDOLLLas Campañas de Marruecos…S

125 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…SS(OOXJDUGHOWUiJLFRGHVHQODFHHVFLWDGR

127 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S5HVSHFWRDODVSHULSHFLDV¿QDOHVGHOD

128 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

129 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

130 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

9LVWDJHQHUDOGHVGH7L[HUDDOQRUWHGHODORPDGH$UUH\HQ/DR

131 El Expediente Picasso, las sombras…S

132 El Expediente Picasso. Las sombras…S

(OJHQHUDO1DYDUUR\HOWHQLHQWHFRURQHO*DUFtD(VWHEDQMHIHGHODFLUFXQV