Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014

(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

5. Carboxysomes would most likely be found in which of the following groups of microbes?
a. Saprophytic bacteria
b. Heterotrophic bacteria
c. Photosynthetic cyanobacteria
d. M e m b e r s of Archaea
e. A l l prokaryotes

6. I n addition to driving chemiosmosis, proton motive force (PMF) also

a. Initiates the peptidoglycan biosynthesis
b. Provides ATP synthase with energy for an phosphorylated organic compound to donate a
phosphate group to ADP
c. A l l o w s transport of nutrients from low external concentrations outside the cell across the plasma
membrane
d. Powers bacterial flagellar rotation
e. D r i v e s the creation of ATP in bacteria undergoing fermentation

7. W h i c h of the following techniques would allow you to enumerate all bacteria and discriminate them
debris in the sample/media?
a. P o u r plate technique
b. D i r e c t microscopic count
c. S t r e a k plate technique
d. Turbidity measurement
e. A l l of the above choices are suitable

8. W h i c h of the following scientists was responsible for establishing the Germ Theory?
a. R o b e r t Hooke
b. Francisco Redi
c. L o u i s Pasteur
d. R o b e r t Koch
e. Joseph Lister

9. W h i c h of the following statements is correct regarding substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) of ATP?

a. Fermentative organisms use SLP and the electron transport chain to produce the ATP they need.
b. Organisms that use the Entner-Douderoff pathway instead of the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
create twice as much ATP via SLP as those that use the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway.
c. Obligate aerobes produce ATP via SLP as they catabolize pyruvate to CO
2
d. A n inorganic phosphate group is added to ADP as this phosphate group passes though the cell's
.
cytoplasmic membrane.
e. SLP is the primary process used by phototrophs to genetrate ATP for carbon fixation.

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 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

10. Under 1000x magnification by a light microscope, you observe the following characteristics in a cell: a)
the presence of several flagella at one pole of the cell, b) the presence of a cell wall structure, c) DNA in
a centralized area of the cytoplasm but not enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer, and d) the presence of
an S-layer external to the cell wall layer. Which of the following statements is accurate, based on these
observations and your knowledge of microorganism cell structure?
a. T h e organism belongs to Domain Bacteria.
b. T h e organism belongs to Domain Archaea.
c. T h e organism is a eukaryote.
d. T h e organism is a prokaryote.
e. T h e r e is not enough information to be able to determine whether the microbe is a prokaryote or
a eukaryote.

11. Which of the following proteins serve to help distribute plasmids to the poles of a replicating bacterial cell
prior to cytokinesis?
a. P a r M and ParR proteins
b. M r e B proteins
c. F t s Z proteins
d. M a m K proteins
e. Tu b u l i n proteins

12. When carrying out the Gram stain procedure, forgetting to perform the iodine step in the process is a
common mistake. Suppose a student completely omitted the iodine step in his Gram stain procedure.
What would you expect to observe if the organism was known to lack lipopolysaccharides in its cell wall?
a. T h e cells would be purple, resulting in a false Gram positive interpretation.
b. T h e cells would be reddish/pink, resulting in a false Gram negative interpretation.
c. T h e cells would be purple, resulting in a false Gram negative interpretation.
d. T h e cells would be reddish/pink, resulting in a false Gram positive interpretation.
e. T h e cells would be reddish pink, resulting in an accurate Gram negative interpretation.

13. Which of the following organisms would be most likely to suffer osmotic lysis if they were treated with
lysozyme and then put in a high salt environment?
a. S o m e Gram positive bacteria, but not all.
b. S o m e Gram negative bacteria, but not all.
c. A l l Bacteria would be equally affected.
d. A l l Gram positive bacteria.
e. A l l Gram negative bacteria.

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 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

14. Chemical XB4326 is an antibiotic that inhibits the biosynthesis of bactoprenol which is found in bacterial
cell membranes. You have prepared some bacteriological agar containing this antibiotic and have
streaked a strain of Gram positive bacteria on this media. Assume that the microbes have all the essential
nutrients and incubation conditions that are appropriate for their growth, so you're only evaluating the
effect of the antibiotic. Also assume that antibiotic resistance has not occurred at this time. Which of the
following is the most reasonable expectation for the growth results of this organism on the media?
a. T h e organisms that grow on the antibiotic agar will most likely stain purple when subjected to a
properly done Gram stain.
b. T h e organisms that grow on the antibiotic agar will most likely stain green when subjected to a
properly done Gram stain.
c. T h e organisms that grow on the antibiotic agar will most likely stain blue when subjected to a
properly done Gram stain.
d. T h e organisms that grow on the antibiotic agar will most likely stain pinkish-red when subjected
to a properly done Gram stain.
e. G i v e n the situation, there will be no growth on the medium and thus, no Gram stain will be able
to be performed.

15. A chemical solution is sprayed on a kitchen counter surface. As a result of this treatment, the microbial
population on the treated area is reduced by 98%. Which of the following terms is best described by the
above situation?
a. T h e chemical is a sterilizing agent
b. T h e chemical is a disinfecting agent
c. T h e chemical is an antiseptic
d. T h e chemical is appropriate as either an antiseptic or a disinfectant
e. N o n e of the above (a-d) is an accurate description.

16. What structure found in microbes allows its owner to move from deep in the water column of a lake or
ocean to surface waters where oxygen and light are plentiful?
a. Capsule
b. S u l f u r globule
c. G a s vesicle
d. Hopanoid
e. Aquaporins

17. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

a. G r a m positive bacteria; peptidoglycan layers linked by a multiple peptide interbridge
b. Bacterial cell membrane; sterols incorporated
c. Archaea; contains pseudomurein
d. G r a m negative bacteria; contains diaminopimelic acid (DAP)
Capsule; composed of polysaccharides
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 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

18. When using refrigeration to prevent microbial growth, which of the following situations is occurring?
a. Oxygen is no longer available for aerobic growth
b. Slowing of molecular interactions occurs
c. Micronutrients are competitively bound to allosteric enzymes and cannot catalyze essential
reactions for cell growth
d. Essential enzymes and structural proteins are denatured
e. F t s Z proteins are degraded, making it impossible for cell wall growth

19. A scientist is studying the optimal growth conditions of a unique microbial cell. After testing many
conditions, she finds that the cell grows best at 5°C and a pH of 4.0, and only grows when oxygen is
present at atmospheric concentrations. Which of the terms below would be used to categorize this
organism?
a. Mesophile
b. Halophile
c. Microaerophile
d. Acidophile
e. N o n e of the above

20. A facultative anaerobic and heterotrophic bacterium has depleted its environment of oxygen. Which of
the following will most likely occur?
a. T h i s organism will use photophosphorylation pathways to produce both ATP and 02 for further
growth.
b. T h i s organism may continue to produce ATP via fermentation.
c. T h i s organism will die when the pool of ATP it produced from aerobic respiration is depleted since
it cannot produce any more ATP without oxygen present.
d. T h i s organism will undergo deamination of proteins to free oxygen from its proteins and use it for
more aerobic respiration and chemiosmosis of ATP.
e. N o n e of the above choices (a-d) are possible under these conditions.

21. Regarding the endosymbiont theory and the evolution of eukaryotic cells, which of the following is not
directly supportive of this hypothesis?
a. Presence of 16S rRNA within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells indicates that mitochondria are
of prokaryotic origin
b. B o t h eukaryotes and prokaryotes utilize dsDNA as their genetic material to encode proteins
c. G e n e t i c sequence comparisons between eukaryotic chloroplasts and cyanobacteria are highly
homologous to one another
d. Endosymbiosis may have been initiated as one prokaryotic cell ingested another, leading to the
creation of organelles in eukaryotic cells
e. Chemisomosis occurs within the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and the mitochondrial
membrane of eukaryotic cells

5
 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

22. An organism uses CO

2 asources i tofselemental sulfur present. In experiments where both CO
s o2 ua rn cd e e l e m e n t a l
the organism, the absence of light makes no impact on its ability to grow. Which of the following terms
f o ur l f u r
sdoes a r e
not describe the organism?
c aa rv ba o i nl a b l e
. a. A u t o t r o p h
f o r
G r b. Lithotroph
o w
t h C. Chemotroph
o d. Phototroph
f
e. M o r e than one of the above choices (a-d), but not all
t h
e
23.
o Exposure r gto ultraviolet radiation can be used to prevent microbial growth because
a n a. I t i denatures proteins, impacting the cell's ability to undergo metabolic reactions
s mb. I t forms toxic oxygen radicals, like superoxides, which cause much structural damage in the
d o
exposed cells
e
s c. I t binds to ATP synthase and prevents ATP production in a cell by chemiosmosis
n d. I t causes DNA mutations, impacting protein synthesis and chromosome replication
o e. I t causes cells to export water from their cytoplasm, preventing hydrolytic catabolism
t
o c
24. The concentration of mannitol ( C
c u
6 mannitol in the cell's environment is 0.09 nM. Mannitol transport requires the presence of a permease
r
I - 1 transport protein. Assume the cell in question has a functional and appropriate permease for mannitol
i
14
f transport, however, no ATP is available to the cell to drive its transport. Which of the following forms of
0
t
6 transport will the cell most likely employ to import mannitol from the environment to its cytoplasm?
h
) i n a.s Facilitated
i d e diffusion
e
t h b. eG r o u p translocation
r
c e c. A l B Cl transport
e
i sd. Passive diffusion
i
0 . 1 5
s e. Osmosis
n M .
n
T h e
o
e Identify
25. x t the r correct
a c cellular
e morphology
l as depicted in this image:
t
l u a.l Peritricocci
a r
a
c o n c e n
b. Amphibacillus
t r a t i o
n c. Staphylococci
o d. Lophospirillum
f e. Te t r a v i brio

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 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

*Other than CO
2 o r
g l u c o s
e
—
t h e
s e
a r
e
a
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o
f
3
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n
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4
c a
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o
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o r
g
a
n i
c
c o
m p
o u
n d
s .

8
 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
lnicose 1 ?

E-M e t ] E-M
2 NADH 2 NADH
2 Pyruvate 2 Pyruvate

Transition 0 1 CO
2Step: 2X I 1 NADH
Various Alcohols,
Acids, and/or CO 1 Acetyl CoA
2

f
Conversions: 1 NADH
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2.5 ATP/NADH t I 1 NADH
1•5 ATP/FADH N 1 FADH
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a
 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

10
 Exam 1 MIB03500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

Short Answer Section: Place your answers on the answer sheets provided —they are separate from these
questions! PRINT your answers legibly and DO NOT EXCEED the sentence limits for each question. Wrong
information will be counted against you. (15 pts total for the section)

26. You have a collection of items consisting of: E. coil, Red Blood Cell, Ribosome, Virus, Amino Acid

a. P u t the above items in order from smallest to largest: (1 pt — no partial credit available)

b. L i s t which of these are living organisms. (0.5 pt)

27. Joe's working in a biotechnology lab in the Microbiology department at his university. His mentor has
asked him to isolate some Gram negative bacteria from the surface of tomato plant leaves that can
ferment sorbitol to acidic end products. He's given Joe some prepared medium to use and the recipe for
it (see page 7) and told Joe that colonies which appear pink are producing acids, while white colonies are
not producing acids.

a. I s this a defined medium or a complex medium? (1 pt)

b. Explain why you chose this answer for 27a. Limit: 2 sentences. (1 pt)

c. I s this media selective, differential, neither, or both? (1 pt)

d. Explain why you chose this answer for 27c. Limit: 2 sentences. (1 pt)

28. A bacterial sample currently contains 5 bacterial cells (time = 0). This organism has a 10 minute generation
time, and you can assume that the culture is in exponential growth already. If we allow this organism
to grow under perfect environmental conditions, estimate the number of bacterial cells present in
the population after 2.5 hours. Recall the formula (N, = N
o x 2 of generations) or no credit will be given for your answer. (2 pts)
calculation
n ) . S h o w y o u r
w o r k
29. Use the image on page 7 to answer the questions below. Some may have more than one answer and
( e . g . ,
some may have only one answer. Wrong answers to each question will cost you 0.25 pt each, up to the
f o r m u l a
full
s value e of thet question.
u (Example:
p You
/ give three answers to a question worth 0.5 pt but it only has one
correct answer. Amongst the three answers, one of them is the correct answer. Your score will be a 0 for
this question.)

a. W h a t phase of the microbial growth curve is represented by letter B? (0.5 pt)

b. I n which section(s) of the graph are cells undergoing DNA replication? (0.5 pt)

11
 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

c. I n which section(s) of the graph are cells completing cytokinesis? (0.5 pt)

d. I n which section(s) of the graph are cells producing starvation proteins? (0.5 pt)

12
 Exam 1 MI1303500 Spring 2014
(40 pts possible on exam - your percentage is recorded in eLC New as your grade on the exam.)

30. A bacterium is growing in a broth medium that contains high levels of glucose, which the organism uses
as an organic carbon growth substrate. Assume it has all of the enzymes for the Embden-Meyerhof
pathway, but none for the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Chemical levels in the medium have been
monitored before, during, and after growth of the culture in this medium and are presented in the data
table on page 7. Assume these are the only chemicals present in addition to the water in the medium.

a. W h a t major catabolic pathway is this organism using to generate ATP: fermentation, aerobic
respiration or anaerobic respiration? (1 pt)

b. Explain how you deduced the answer to 30 a. Limit: 3 sentences. (1.5 pts)

C. Assume the organism can only follow the pathway you deduced in 30a. Calculate how much net ATP
the organism produces per cell via substrate-level phosphorylation if a single cell has 4 molecules
of glucose. Show your work (e.g., conversions from NADH/FADH
2
answer. (1.5 pts)
) o r n o c r e d i t w i l l
b e g i v e n
f
d. Assume othe organism
r y
can only follow theo pathway
u you deduced
r in 30a. Calculate how much net ATP
the organism is producing per cell via oxidative-level phosphorylation if the cell has 4 molecules of
glucose. Show your work (e.g., conversions from NADH/FADH
2
answer. (1.5 pts)
) o r n o c r e d i t w i l l
b e g i v e n
f o r
y o u r

13