and

Human Body Structure

M. Riyadh, S. Kep, Ns, SE, MM

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Muhammadiyah
Banjarmasin
 Definition
Anatomy derived from latin, are
Ana = divided into as big as two
and tomo = to cut
Classification

Macroscopic Microscopic
Anatomy Anatomy

Study about body

Study about human
structure without
body structure with
microscope but
microscope
with eye

Observation and
Cells, tissues
physical assessment
 The Science related to Anatomy
Study about body structure in microscopic
Clinical Anatomy and its related to clinical condition of human
body
Histology Study about cell ang tissue organ
Study about cell in uterine from
Embriology fetal until become a baby

Pathology Study about malfunction of the body

Pathofisiology Study about incident of disease

proscess

Oncology Study about bone

Osteology Study about tumor

The Level Human Body Structure

Atom
Organism

Cell
Tissue System
Organ
 Atom
• The tiny
molecule of
living
constituent, but
it can not called
is living creator
• Atom consist of
proton (positive
one), electrone
(negative) and
Neutral
 Cell
• Cell is micro
organization
unit of living
body as a
basic element
of human
living
• All of living
function
regulate in cell
 Tissue
• A group of cell
• Consist of 4
types such as
epithelium,
fibrouse,
muscle tissue
and nerve
tissue
 Organ
A group of tissue
work together
fe in
their function of
life
Body System
A group od tissues
work in certain
function together
Sceletal
System
A group of bone
has fuction as
support and
covered body.
In human body we
have 206 bones
which support by
ligament and
muscle
 Sistem Otot / Muskularis
The group
of organs
that make
body move.
The muscle
system
controlled
by nderve
system.
In human
body
consist
about 650
muscles.
Digestion
System
Food processing
from mout to
intestine.
The digestion
system is a group
of organs that
serve, digest food
become energy and
nutrition. It can
also remiove the
waste of this
proscess
Cardiovascular System

A group of
organs with
funtions as
to mobilase
molecule or
particular
in body.
Integument System
A group of
organs that
covered
human
body. The
location of
this organs
is in outer
of human
body
 Endocrine System
The system which
control the gland.
The gland produce
hormone. The
hormone function is
tio regulate human
body
 Respiration
System
Consist of
lungs, trachea
and nose. They
have a fuctios
as to supplying
oxygen and
trowing
carbondioxide
 Nerve
System
Consist of central nerve
system and peripheral
nerve system They have
function as to conduct
nerve impulse that can
control body activity
 Urinary
System
This system has a
function as to excrate
the waste of useless
particular of body
production
 Reproduction
System
Consist of male
reproduction organs
and female
reproduction organs
The Terms of Contralateral Kontra from body site
Supinasion The hand position supine
Pronasion The hand position prone

Anterior Front Dextra right

Posterior Back Sinistra left

Palmar Front at hand Central center

Dorsal Back at hand or foot Peripheral edge

Plantar Back at foot Ascendent Upper site

Superior Upper Descendent Below site

Inferior Below Flexion Bent the joint

Internal inner Extention Straight the joint

Eksternal outer Abduction Away from middle body

Distal To edge Adduction Close to middle body

Proximal To base Rotation Gerakan memutar

Lateral Away from middle body Circumduction The combination of flek, eks, ab, add

Medial Close to middle body Inversion Foot move to inner

Ipsilateral The same body site Eversion Foot move to outer

Body
In human body has many cavity to
save the organ are :
1. Cranium cavity
2. Thorac cavity
3. Abdominal Cavity
4. Pelvic Cavity
5. Another Cavity
(mouth, nose,
orbital, middle
ear, sinovial
 Cerebrum, Lung, Herath,
Cerebelum, Aortic, Thymus
brain stem, Gland

Medulla spinalis,
Cerebrospinal
fluid
Stomach,
Intestine,
Limph,
liver, Gall
bladder
pancreas

Bladder,
uterine,
urether,
urethra,
Vagina
 Body
Is the separate layer for saperating certain region
1. Mucossal Membrane : to protect
internal body with external factor
such as digestion tract, nose and
respiratory.
2. Serous Membrane: to covered body
cavity melapisi such as pleural
cavity, pericardium, peritoneum.
3. Synovial Membrane : covered joint
4. Cutaneus membrane: epidermis and
dermis layer in skin
Mucosal Membrane
Cerous Membrane
Synovial Membrane
Cutaneus Membrane
 Body
In imaginer view, the human body can be separated in :
sagittal plane, coronal plane, dan Transverse plane

1. Mid Sagittal Plane : vertical

plane separated in the
middle body, divided body
into right and left
2. Coronal Plane : The plane
divided body into front
(ventral) and back (dorsal)
3. Transverse plane : the
palne that divided body
into upper and lower
Body Anatomy

Strapping position, the head

face in front , foot docked
and the hand palms facing in
front