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DNA &
DNA REPLICATION

CENTRAL DOGMA

Fig. 10-1, p.241

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Fig. 10-2, p.242

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Replication in
prokaryotes

Two replication fork

Fig. 10-4a, p.244

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DNA replication in eukaryotes

• Contain several origins of replication

• Two replication fork on each origin
• The “bubbles that arises from each origin
eventually coalesce (bring together).

Fig. 10-4b, p.244

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Replication forks & bidirectional

replication
• Replication begins at specific site on bacterial
chromosome (origin)
• It starts at specific site (oriC) on bacterial
chromosome
• Proteins bind at oriC to initiate replication; like
promoter for RNA polymerase (transcription)
• Replication moves out from origin in both
directions (bidirectional); forks meet across
from origin, where replication is terminated
• New duplexes separate

• Polymerases building both strands move in 3' to 5'

direction along template
• One DNA strand grows toward replication fork
(leading); the other away from fork (lagging); both
grow 5'—>3'
• Strand growing toward fork grows continuously in
5'—>3' direction (leading strand)
• Strand growing away from fork grows
discontinuously as fragments (lagging strand);
initiation of each fragment must wait for parental
strands to separate & expose additional template
• At lagging strand: DNA is made in small segments
(Okazaki fragments) & rapidly joined to longer DNA
synthesized earlier by DNA ligase.

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Possible types of replication:

• Semiconservative
• Conservative
• Dispersive

Semiconservative
• Daughter duplex made of one parental & one newly
synthesized strand

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Conservative
• 2 original strands stay together after serving
as templates for 2 new strands that also stay
together; one contains only "old" DNA, the
other only "new" DNA

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Dispersive

• parental strand integrity disrupted; new

duplex strands made of old & new DNA;
neither the parental strands nor the
parental duplex is preserved

Three models of DNA replication

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The End

Mitosi
6. DNA Replication s

• This process entails the recognisation of each nucleotide in

DNA by a free unpolymerized-complementary nucleotide
• Requires separation of 2 strands- expose each DNA base
for base-pairing

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6.1 Synthesis at Leading Strand

• DNA daughter is synthesized continuously from 5’ to 3’
direction

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6.2 Synthesis at Lagging Strand

• Discontinuously from 5’ to 3’ of
daughter strand
• Both leading and lagging
require primer to start
replication
• Lagging strand: synthesis of
Okazaki fragment
• Synthesis of primer: DNA
primase uses ribonucleotide
triphosphate to synthesis short
RNA primer on lagging strand

6.2 Synthesis at Lagging Strand

• RNA primer has 3’OH end can

be elongated by DNA
polymerase to begin an
Okazaki fragment
• Primers will be erased and
replaced it with DNA (i.e.
DNA pol.).
• Then DNA ligase joins the
3’end of new DNA fragment
with 5’ end of previous one.

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Fig. 10-5a, p.245

Fig. 10-5b, p.245

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Fig. 10-10, p.249

Table 10-3, p.250

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Table 10-5, p.260

END OF LECTURE

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