Reservoir:

A portion of container that have ability to store liquid, or simply say that a rock having
specific properties that have ability to store hydrocarbons in subsurface, is called petroleum
reservoir. Reservoir have three essential features.
 Reservoir rock.
 Reservoir trap.
 Pore spaces.

Types of reservoir:
Reservoir is divided into two types conventional reservoir and unconventional reservoir.

Conventional Reservoir:
A reservoir in which buoyant forces keep hydrocarbons in place below a sealing caprock.
Reservoir and fluid characteristics of conventional reservoirs typically permit oil or natural
gas to flow readily into wellbores. These are trapped by overlying rock formation with lower
permeability, Conventional reservoir allows the natural flow of fluid from reservoir to the
surface.

Conventional Reservoir Types:

The subdivision of conventional reservoir includes conventional oil and gas reservoirs.

Conventional gas Reservoir:

Conventional Gas reservoir contains the natural gas that can be produced from reservoirs using
traditional drilling, or through the naturally occurring pressure. conventional gas reservoir
produced gas that is very less expansive and complex than the unconventional gas because of
the routine nature of production techniques, the impermeable caprock present above it that hold
them in reservoir and it mostly present in sandstone and limestone.
Formation process of conventional gas in the reservoir:
 Source: it refers to the breakdown of plants and animals that later form gas.
 Migration: after the breakdown of plants and animals the gas will move upwards
through holes in the rock overlying the source
 Trap: The natural gas will continue to move upwards through the pores of rocks until
it hits a rock that either does not have pores, known to be trap.
 Reservoir: The rock right below the trap that holds all the natural gas is called the
reservoir. From this we can extract natural gas.

Conventional oil Reservoir:

The conventional oil reservoir contains the conventional oil that can be extracted from the
subsurface using traditional drilling, pumping and compression techniques. It is the fluid that
flow from the well without additional stimulation technique because its pressure is too high
and these are mostly trapped in sandstone, limestone. Types of conventional oil includes:
 Heavy oil /light oil: it is related to the density of oil greater the density heavier the oil
and vice versa.
 Sweat/sour oil: if the crude oil has concentration of sulphur greater than 0.5% than it
is refer to as sour oil and vice versa.

Its production oil from conventional oil reservoir involves four main phases.
 Exploration: consists of technologies used by geologist to predict the subsurface rock.
 Drilling: It involves the extraction of oil from subsurface to the surface.
 Pumping: Gradually the pressure of the well will decrease as oil is produced. At this
point a pump will be connected to allow the remaining oil to be extracted.
 Abandoning: After all the economically viable oil has been extracted from the well,
the well is filled with cement to prevent any hydrocarbons from escaping and a special
cap is placed over it to protect the area.