Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune

cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies can
have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is
recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are
usually made by several different plasma cell (antibody secreting immune cell)
lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the
therapeutic targets of one single monoclonal antibody to two epitopes. When used as
medications, non-proprietary drug names end in -mab (see "Nomenclature of monoclonal
antibodies") and many immunotherapy specialists use the word mab anacronymically.

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies act through multiple mechanisms, such as blocking

of targeted molecule functions, inducing apoptosis in cells which express the target, or
by modulating signaling pathways.

Trastuzumab (Trastunix), Categories: Anti-HER2, Monoclonal Antibody, oncology

Cetuximab (Cetuxim): Cetuxim injection (Cetuximab) is a recombinant, human monoclonal

antibody that binds specifically to the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR).
Rituximab (Rituxim): Categories: Anti-CD20, Monoclonal Antibody, oncology

Bevacizumab (Bevastim): Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody

that binds to and inhibits the biologic activity of human vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF) in vitro and in vivo. assay systems.

Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any
technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof,
to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological
Diversity, Art. 2).[1] Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related)
fields of bioengineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc.

Daclavir (Daclatasvir) is one of the new direct-acting antiviral drugs that target different steps of
the hepatitis C virus (HCV) lifecycle. It is the first-ever approved HCV NS5A replication complex
inhibitor, meaning it interferes with a protein the virus uses to reproduce. Categories: Anti-
Viral, Biotech Product, Drugs to Treat Hepatitis, General Products

Lyophilized Products: Freeze-drying—technically known

as lyophilisation, lyophilization, or cryodesiccation—is a dehydration process typically used
to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transport. Freeze-
drying works by freezing the material and then reducing the surrounding pressure to allow the
frozen water in the material to sublime directly from the solid phase to the gas phase.

ERUBIN Injection (epirubicin hydrochloride injection) is an anthracycline cytotoxic agent.

Categories: Anthracycline, Lyopilized Products, oncology.
Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular,
and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology[1][2] referred to the
particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of
macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology.

Nab-Xelpac for Injectable Suspension (paclitaxel protein-bound particles for injectable

suspension) (albumin-bound) is paclitaxel formulated as albumin-bound nanoparticles with a
mean particle size of approximately 130 nanometers. Paclitaxel exists in the particles in a non-
crystalline, amorphous state. Nab-Xelpac is supplied as a white to yellow, sterile, lyophilized
powder for reconstitution with 20 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP prior to
intravenous infusion. Categories: Microtubule Inhibitor, Nano Technology Products, oncology.