CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Folktale or well known as dongeng in Indonesia has many characteristic

that is interest to analyze. One of it is mystery that appears in the story. Every

folktale has its own mystery behind the story. Mystery here, the reseacher

means that the elements that appear around the main character of its story that

have supranatural authority. The researcher finds some interesting mysteried in

Nyi Roro Kidul from Indonesia and The Black Queen from Europe. Both are

folktales with different origin but they have similarities. It would be interesting

to compare them in the study of comparative literature.

Nyi Roro Kidul is one of folktale from Java. It tells about a woman that

have a supranatural power in the south ocean of Java, Indonesia. She is a

goddles for people in Java that has a beautiful face. She also has a power that

nobody can defeat her.

The Black Queen is one of folktale from Croatia, Europe. It tells about a

queen from Medvedgrad castle. She has a power that always help the people

around the castle from dry season. She always reduce the rain in every dry

season. She is a goddles for people in Medvedgrad castle.

Nyi Roro Kidul and The Black Queen have many similarities in

mystery. One of them is about water element that makes the story became

unique. But, each story presents different form to make the story flare up. In

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addition, both stories also have animal elements that connect with the main

character that became their partner in the story. But, each story presents the

different animal for accompanies the main character. So, based on the

explanation above, the research would be challenging to compare on mystery.

To analyze both folktales, the researcher uses comparative literature.

The researcher chooses comparative literature by Claudio Guillen.

“Comparative literature is an ideology assemblage got in literary works

investigation” (Guillen, 1993: 3). This approach is appropriate to compare two

different folktales with the same theme. Theme here is a tool that used by

author to deliver something in the literary works (Guillen, 1993: 4). Due to

mystery is the theme, so mystery here treated as a tool to reveal the

supranatural. The dialogue among folktales in Java and Europe is needed in

order to get reveal the ideology of supranatural.

B. Limitation of the Study

In this study, the researcher focuses on the mystery that appears in Nyi

Roro Kidul and The Black Queen.

C. Problem Statements

Based on the background of study, the researcher forms some questions

such as:

1. How is the internationality of mystery in Nyi Roro Kidul and The Black

Queen?

2. How is the diachronic structure of mystery in Nyi Roro Kidul and The Black

Queen?
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3. How is the supranational of mystery in Nyi Roro Kidul and The Black

Queen?

D. Objectives of the Study

Based on the problems of the study, this research is aimed at:

1. Identifying the internationality of mystery in Nyi Roro Kidul and The Black

Queen.

2. Identifying the diachronic structure of mystery in Nyi Roro Kidul and The

Black Queen.

3. Identifying the supranational of mystery in Nyi Roro Kidul and The Black

Queen.

E. Significances of the Study

By conducting the research, the researcher expects this study has some

significances for:

1. Theoretically

Hopefully, the results of this research give some benefits to the

world of literature, especially for the literary study in the same object.

2. Practically

This study is expected to give information and understanding about

comparative study between Indonesian folktale and another folktale from

other countries.
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F. Litarary Review

Comparative literature study makes the folktale from both nation show

their uniqueness. There are a lot of comparative literature around the world.

These are some study that have done from some people in Indonesia.

Febri Resky with his thesis entitled Cerita Si Pitung dan Si Jampang

(Suatu Kajian Sastra Banding) (2013) is a comparative literature between both

folktales from Indonesia. He is analyze about the plot in the story. Then also

about the differences from both of the story. The problems that he want to

know are the intrinsic elements in both story and the comparative between

Cerita Si Pitung dan Si Jampang. In the end of his analysis he concluded that

Cerita Si Pitung dan Si Jampng have the same theme that is story about

hereoistic. While the differences from both folktales are in characteristic in a

story and setting. In his analysis he shows the detail intrinsic element from both

stories that makes the readers understand about the story. While, he just

analyze the plot in both folktale and does not talk about something out from the

story that makes readers more entertain.

Meanwhile, thesis by Ignes Olyen Nandra entitled Novel Laskar

Pelangi dan Novel Ma yan (Suatu kajian Perbandingan) (2011) also analyzed

comparative literature between both folktale from Indonesia. In this analysis he

wanted to know the similarities in both intrinsic element. In conclusion, he

found that intrinsic elements in both novel have the correlation and similarities

in plot of the story. In this analysis he told clearly about the intinsic elements.
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But, the researcher did not tell another elements outside the story that can make

it more interesting.

Imron Rosadi has a little bit different from previous study. In his thesis

with title Dongeng Roro Jonggrang (Indonesia) dan Dongeng Saru no

Omukosan (Japan) in (2008) he analyze folktale from Indonesia and Japan. In

this thesis he wanted to know the structural elements that appears in Dongeng

Roro Jonggrang dan Dongeng Saru no Omukosan. In conclusion, he found

that both folktales have the same structural elements or intrinsic elements. In

this alalysis the reseacher used structuralism study for the intrinsic elements in

children literary and comparative study that makes the analysis become

interesting. But, the reseacher did not tell about the hidden cultural that apeears

in the story.

This research is different with previous research. The previous research

only analyzes about the plot in the story. But, in this analysis, the researcher

analyze something outside the story that hidden from the plot. It is important

because the researcher is hoped to find some new form in ideology from

Indonesian and European by doing Comparative Literature by Claudio Guillen.

G. Theoretical Framework

In this research, the researcher uses The Challange of Comparative

Literature by Claudio Guillen. Guillen have some method to compare some

literary works, that are:

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1. Internationality

The first method is internationality. Guillen explains about the

differences and similarities in the comparative literature not focus on

comparison only, but reveal the connection between literary to another

literary works. It also explains about region where the literary works appear.

In the local and the universal indicate that comparative literature is not focus

on comparing between two regions, two cities, or two nations. So, the local

is not a place or region and nations here is not city, nation or nationality. It

is called polarities. This concept shows about existence of art bounded by

time and place. Polarities means two different ideas or minds. Polarities are

not always between two regions or nations. Nation is not only about states,

but also about region which showed with country, city or nationality.

“I say local, locale-place and not nation-nationality, country, region,

city- because it is worthwhile to emphasize these conceptual
extremes that encompass a series of general opposite applicable to
different situation: between the specific circumstance and the world
(the worlds), between the present and the absent, the experience and
its sense, the I and whatever is alien to it, the perceives and the
longed for, what is and what should be, what exist today and what is
eternal.” (Guillen, 1993:5).

This is about the Guillen’s explanation about nation. The concept

that almost same with the local and the universal is the one and the many.

This concept adapt from suggestion the excistence of west/east study. The

existance of west/east study makes a consideration about contact between

literary works and its influence to another literary. This is identified by

Guillen by using a dialogue to see the unity and diversity. “Thus,

investigation by way of dialogue helps us to perfect our knowledge of all the

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components under consideration, as long as the effort doesn’t become

bogged down or fail.” (Gullen, 1993: 17). So, the dialogue is important to

investigate one of literary work to another.

The researcher needs dialogue to relate the one literary work to

another. The researcer gets dialogue from phenomenon which appear in

different literary works, but still has the relationship. The dialogue between

literary works that appear in the internationality arranged in the next method

that is diachronic structure.

One literary and another has their own phenomenon. It also happen

in this research. The researcher needs dialogue to explain what happen in

the story. Guillen stated that the communication or dialogue used in the

internationality to connect the phenomenon among literary works, the other

word internationality is an action for connecting one literary to another.

(1993: 6). Dialogue here, is communication among literary works not only

between two countries, region also city.

2. Diachronic Structure

The second step is diachronic structure. Every literary works has

phenomenon. In the first method, internationality relates one phenemonen to

another with dialogue. The reseacher relates one literary work to others

which have different places and times. It relates the different historical

background among literary works. In the intenationality method has

explained that dialogue among literary work happen to connect the historical
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behind them. Those dialogue are arranged in a structure called diachronic

structure.

In the diachronic structure show comparison among literary works. It

can be seen that some literary works have different theme, although the

literary works have smilarities. It is explained thet the theme is not about

somethingbut a tool to say something. This concept is more explained in the

themathology. Guillen explain the theme as a tool to convey something. As

can be seen in sentence “Not what poem says, but what it uses to say it”

(Guillen, 1993: 192). Themathology here is a method’s choice.

Theme in one literary work in one place different in the other places.

It depends on the tool which is used to explain about something in the story.

However, the story is similar. The dialogue among literary works reveal

communication about how the literary work’s process when it is talking

about something.

3. Supranational

The third method is supranational. The investigation is needed

among literary works which use the dialogue to show unity and diversity.

Guillen stated that supranational is the ideology behind the literary works

that influenced by culture where the story produced by that country (1993:

3). This ideology is used to solve the problem of the research. It has three

models these are explained in the following:

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a. The first model, he stated that internationality directly about relationship

between the author and the processes to distinguish nationalistic and

cultural basic (1993: 69).

b. The second model tells about phenomenon can be brought to the study.

Guillen stated that the appearence of the phenomenon can be compared

with literary history and social history (1993: 70)

c. The last model, states that the phenomenon can construct the ideology of

literary works. He stated that the study of west or east which has done by

the researcher can allow dialogue of literary works between unity and

diversity of those histories in each literary. (1993: 70).

In this research, the reseacher choose the third model of

supranational which connect with the problem of research. The researcher

choose the third model because it explains the phenomenon which

independent and needs investigation to solve the problem.

H. Research Method

1. Research Type

This research uses qualitative method to complete the study because

it is description of a phenomenon or event. Hancock (2009: 6-7) stated that

qualitative research is a hypothesis to explore the wonder of human that

concentrate on the definition and understanding also to answering the

question of how and why. This study uses qualitative research of

comparative study. This analysis analyzes and find some mystery in both
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folktale Nyi Roro Kidul and The Black Queen by doing investigation to the

phenomenon into the stories.

2. Collecting Data Method

In this research, the researcher uses documentation in the collecting

data method and folktales as a text in this research. First, the researcher

finds the folktale from Indonesiaa with title Nyi Roro Kidul and another

folktale from Europe that is The Black Queen from Croatia. The researcher

also needs another source such as: international journal, books, thesis and

disertation as the supporting data for this research.

3. Data Analysis Technique

The researcher analyzes the data on the mystery that appear in the

two folktales by comparative literature. The technique for analysing the data

is document analysis. “Document analysis is a research method applied to

written or visual materials for the purpose of identifying specified

characteristics of material” (Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, & Razavieh, 2010: 457).

4. Analytical Framework

In this analytical framework, the researcher tells about the

representation that the researcher do to analyze those methodology that are;

(1) Starting find the similarities and differences from Nyi Roro Kidul and

The Black Queen; (2) Mytery as the theme analyzed; (3) The researcher

analyzes the internationality from both tales (4) Then, structur diachrinic

analyzed (5) Supranational analyzed after the researcher found the ideology

that appear in each culture from each country.

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I. Definition of Key Terms

1. Mystery is the elements that appear around the main character of its story

that have supranatural authority.

2. Folktale is a fiction story of narrative prose.

3. Comparative literature is usually understood to consist of a certain tendency

or branch of literary investigation that involves the systematic study of

supranatural assemblage.