Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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Code of Practice
for
Protective Finishes
Category 3
DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Contents
Foreword ...........................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................1
2 Warning..................................................................................................................................................1
3 Normative References .........................................................................................................................1
4 Health and Safety.................................................................................................................................1
4.1 Paint Remover.................................................................................................................................1
4.2 Cadmium..........................................................................................................................................2
4.3 Soluble Chromates .........................................................................................................................2
5 Corrosion ..............................................................................................................................................2
5.1 Types of Corrosion .........................................................................................................................2
5.2 Electrochemical Corrosion ............................................................................................................2
6 Surface Finishes ..................................................................................................................................3
6.1 General.............................................................................................................................................3
6.2 Decorative and Tactile Finishes ....................................................................................................3
6.3 Protective Finishes .........................................................................................................................3
6.4 Non – metallic Materials.................................................................................................................4
7 Guide to the Treatment of Non-corrosive Resisting (NCR) Steel ...................................................4
8 Guide to the Protective Treatment of Copper and Copper Alloys ...............................................14
8.1 General...........................................................................................................................................14
9 Guide to the Protective Treatment of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys .....................................18
9.1 General...........................................................................................................................................18
10 Guide to the use of Paints and Powder Coatings..........................................................................23
10.1 Paint Policy....................................................................................................................................23
10.2 Paint Selection ..............................................................................................................................24
10.3 Required Paint Colours ...................................................................................................................25
11 Design Requirements/Guidance ......................................................................................................30
11.1 Design Factors................................................................................................................................30
11.2 Galvanic Hazards ..........................................................................................................................30
11.3 Design Considerations...................................................................................................................31
11.4 Hazards of Corrosion Due to Vapour.............................................................................................31
12 Pre-Treatment of Basic Metals..........................................................................................................31
12.1 General............................................................................................................................................31
12.2 Degreasing Hazard .........................................................................................................................32
12.3 Abrasive Cleaning ..........................................................................................................................32
12.4 Castings.........................................................................................................................................32
12.5 Waveguides ....................................................................................................................................32
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Tables
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Table 3 - 1a - Anodised Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys........................................................................19
Table 3 - 1b - Anodised Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys........................................................................20
Table 3 - 2a - Chromate Conversion Coatings on Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys ............................21
Table 3 - 2b - Chromate Conversion Coatings on Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys ............................22
Table 3 - 3a - Silver Electroplated Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys ......................................................22
Table 3 - 3b - Silver Electroplated Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys ......................................................23
Table 4 - 1a - Special Colours for Equipment, Gun Mountings and GW Launch Systems .....................25
Table 4 - 1b - Paint Sheen Requirements .....................................................................................................26
Table 4 - 2 - Air-Drying External Paints (201/202 Systems)........................................................................27
Table 4 - 3 - Air-Drying Internal Paints - (202 Systems)..............................................................................28
Table 4 - 4 - Air-Drying Internal Paint Systems (203, 204 and 205 Series)................................................29
Table 4 - 5 - Air-Drying GRP Paint Systems (206 Series) ...........................................................................29
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Foreword
AMENDMENT RECORD
REVISION NOTE
HISTORICAL RECORD
Sponsorship
1. This Defence Standard (Def Stan) is sponsored by the DES SESea-MT Group, Ministry of Defence
(MOD).
3. If it is found to be unsuitable for any particular requirement the MOD is to be informed in writing of the
circumstances.
4. Any user of this Defence Standard either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to it.
Proposals for amendments that are not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be made to the
publishing authority DStan, and those directly applicable to a particular contract are to be dealt with using
contract procedures.
5. No alteration is to be made to this Defence Standard except by the issue of an authorised amendment.
6. Unless otherwise stated, reference in this Defence Standard to approval, approved, authorised or similar
terms, means the Ministry of Defence in writing.
7. Any significant amendments that may be made to this Defence Standard at a later date will be indicated
by a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line interval.
8. Extracts from British Standards within this Defence Standard have been included with the permission of
the British Standards Institution.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Conditions of Release
General
9. This Defence Standard has been devised solely for the use of the MOD, and its contractors in the
execution of contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the Crown hereby excludes all liability
whatsoever and howsoever arising (including but without limitation, liability resulting from negligence) for any
loss or damage however caused when the Defence Standard is used for any other purpose.
10. This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or third-party
rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without written permission of the MOD.
11. The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this Defence Standard without
consulting or informing any holder.
12. This Defence Standard is the property of the Crown. Unless otherwise authorised in writing by the MOD,
it must be returned on completion of the contract or submission of the tender in connection with which it is
issued.
13. When this Defence Standard is used in connection with a MOD tender or contract, the user is to ensure
that he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related documents, relevant
to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made of the Authority named in the
tender or contract.
14. When Defence Standards are incorporated into contracts, users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contractual and other statutory requirements. Compliance with a Defence
Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
15. The Category of this Maritime Defence Standard has been determined using the following criteria:
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Related Documents
16. In the tender and acquisition processes the related documents in each Section (and Annex A) can be
obtained as follows:
London,
W4 4AL
UK Defence Standardization,
Kentigern House
65 Brown Street,
Glasgow,
G2 8EX
17. All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant MOD
Invitation to Tender or Contract Number and date, together with the sponsoring Directorate and the Tender
or Contract Sponsor.
18. Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their sub-contractors with relevant documentation,
including specifications, standards and drawings.
Warning
19. This Defence Standard may call for the use of processes, substances and procedures that may be
injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in no way
absolves either the supplier or any user from statutory obligations relating to health and safety at any stage
of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards, the list of those quoted may not necessarily be
exhaustive.
20. This Defence Standard has been written and is to be used taking into account the policy stipulated in
JSP430: MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook.
Process Drawings
21. Process and procedure details which are to be adopted in order to provide corrosion protection are
contained in drawings related to and supporting this standard.
22. Proposals to use any finish other than those indicated by this standard are to be submitted to the
relevant Project Manager for prior approval and possible inclusion in this standard.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
1 Scope
a) This standard outlines the principal types of Naval Equipment and recommends procedures and
processes to be used to provide adequate protection against corrosion. Design features, which assist in
preventing the formation of corrosion, are highlighted and suitable protective finishes are indicated for
the majority of the metals in common use.
b) Guidance on Hull Preservation Processes is given in BR3939, as amended by the current issue of
"Warpaint" publication, to which this standard will refer for current painting systems.
2 Warning
The Ministry of Defence (MOD), like its contractors, is subject to both United Kingdom and European laws
regarding Health and Safety at Work. Many Defence Standards set out processes and procedures that could
be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. Adherence to those processes and procedures
in no way absolves users from complying with legal requirements relating to Health and Safety at Work.
3 Normative References
3.1 The publications shown in Annex A are referred to in the text of this standard. Publications are
grouped and listed in alpha-numeric order.
3.2 Reference in this Standard to any normative references means in any Invitation to Tender or contract
the edition and all amendments current at the date of such tender or contract unless a specific edition is
indicated. For some standards the most recent editions shall always apply due to safety and regulatory
requirements. Examples of these are Flight Order AvP 67 and Statutory Instruments (SI’s).
3.3 In consideration of clause 3.2 above, users shall be fully aware of the issue, amendment status and
application of all normative references, particularly when forming part of an Invitation to Tender or contract.
Responsibility for the correct application of standards rests with users.
3.4 DStan can advise regarding where to obtain normative referenced documents. Requests for such
information can be made to the DStan Helpdesk. Details of how to contact the helpdesk are shown on the
outside rear cover of Defence Standards.
b) 1,1,1,- trichloroethane (also called methyl chloroform, and available under trade names Genklene,
Inhibisol, Chlorothene and others) can present hazards to health. In accordance with the Montreal
Protocol and EC Regulation 3952/92 its use was phased out in January 1996.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
c) A range of water-based paint removers is now available for most tasks, and these products are to be
employed whenever practicable. Product details are given in the current issue of "Warpaint".
4.2 Cadmium
a) Cadmium and its corrosion products are a potential health hazard to personnel and contribute to toxic
pollution. It is only to be used where there is no acceptable alternative and only then when the written
permission of the MOD Project Manager has been obtained in advance.
b) A report detailing alternatives to cadmium is available from SESea-MT. Cadmium is also particularly
susceptible to organic vapour corrosion; see BS 7195 for further information.
Use of soluble chromate pigments in paint is hazardous to health. The predecessor to this standard
(NES1005) contained various references to paints containing these substances, but suitable alternatives have
now been approved for MOD use and are listed in the current issue of "Warpaint". Consequently, the use of
paints containing soluble chromate is prohibited.
General guidance on precautions to be taken when handling products and their suitability for particular
applications is to be sought from:
a) Institute of Naval Medicine, Alverstoke for RN and MOD(N) or
b) Safety Services Organisation, St Mary Cray, Nr Orpington, Kent for MOD (DES)
5 Corrosion
All materials, by varying degrees, are vulnerable to the corrosive effects of their containing environment. This
environment may be natural in origin (e.g. water or air) or manufactured (e.g. funnel and flue gases).
b) Selective phase corrosion where only one of the constituent metals of an alloy is affected, e.g. de-
zincification, de-aluminification, etc.;
c) Stress corrosion;
d) Impingement corrosion;
e) Cavitation corrosion;
f) Crevice corrosion;
b) For MOD design work the electro-potential Datum Reference used is the electrical charge produced
by immersing a Standard Calomel Half Cell in Standard Sea Water.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
c) Materials can be compared electro-potentially using this datum reference. The greater the potential
difference between two materials, the greater is the electro-motive force driving the current and, usually,
the greater the corrosion in the cathodic material which degrades at the expense of the anodic or less
noble material.
d) Data Sheets in BR3008 give values of electrode potentials of most metal and alloys in common usage
within MOD. These potentials, whilst giving a useful guide to the selection of materials, are to be used
with care as other factors can play a large part in causing or increasing corrosion.
6 Surface Finishes
6.1 General
a) A surface finish provides an attribute, which is not otherwise inherent in the basis material. It may be
metallic, a paint system or a combination of both. It must be compatible with the basis material,
preferably being cathodic to it, and must not of itself cause any degradation.
b) For good adhesion, pre-treatment of the basis material is usually necessary, e.g. fettling, grit blasting,
sealing, etc. and this pre-treatment is to be considered with any high finish required by the design.
1) Decorative;
3) Protective.
1) The position of the item within a vessel, e.g. whether sited visibly above the water line or in offices
where reflective surface are prohibited;
2) The function of the item, e.g. whether a warning label or a protective radome.
b) These finishes must not impair the correct operation of an item or equipment (e.g. incorrect use of lead-
based paint; thickness of a paint finish in respect of the wavelength of transmitted energy) nor enhance
the corrosive effects of the environment.
c) Colour requirements for equipment are listed in Table 4.1 a. Paint sheen requirements are listed in Table
4.1b.
a) A protective finish may be either exclusive or sacrificial. Exclusive finishes are those which provide
overall protection to an item. They are effective only whilst no break occurs in the finish. Should a break
occur, the intrusion of a hostile environment or an electrolyte would attack the base material underneath
its protective coating and, being starved of oxygen, will cause enhanced corrosion.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
b) Sacrificial coatings, e.g. zinc, aluminium, etc., are preferred for Naval equipment as slight mechanical
damage will not seriously affect their anti-corrosion properties. Cadmium will also give good protection;
however its use should only be considered if there is no other alternative. It must not be used without the
specific prior written permission of the MOD Project Manager.
c) The quality of any protective finish is always to be related to the expected functional life of an item in its
given environment. Over-protection increases cost and is to be avoided where possible.
d) Approved protective finishes for the metals commonly used within MOD (Navy) are summarised in the
current issue of "Warpaint" publication.
e) For equipment fitted on Weatherdecks, and in or near corrosive atmospheres, e.g. funnel uptakes or
battery compartments, an alternative finish of nylon or suitable plastic coating is to be considered.
Attention is drawn with respect to recommended maximum temperature limits when considering these
materials. Any proposals for using these types of finish are to be discussed with the equipment sponsor.
Insulating materials and painted wiring boards often need no additional protective finish. However, if the
materials used are hygroscopic, cut edges and other moisture absorbing places will need sealing. The choice
of insulating material and any sealant used will depend not only on the required electrical characteristics
but also on the finish applied to the components and other metal items attached. Zinc and cadmium are
especially vulnerable to corrosion vapours. In well-ventilated enclosures, sealing is to be effected using a
varnish conforming to BS EN 60464 Part 3. In poorly ventilated enclosures, sealing is to be effected using a
synthetic resin coating. In all cases the coating is to be hard dry before any handling.
b) Each table is divided into two parts with "a" presenting, alphabetically, a broad picture of complete
treatments and "b" a summarised description of the metallic finishes quoted, in numerical order.
c) Where additional paint finishes are required, these are detailed in Tables 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4.
d) A greater degree of protection can generally be obtained by selecting a system intended for a worse
environment than expected to be encountered by the equipment.
e) Sprayed aluminium is normally more protective than zinc, but zinc may be better in enclosed industrial
environments.
f) Passivation processes are to be omitted when using epoxy-resin based paints or powder coatings or
where soldering or electrical conductivity is required.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Aluminium Sprayed 1-1 plus 202-7 1-1 plus any one 1-1 plus any one Very good
from from
201-4 202-3
202-3 202-4
202-7 202-7
202-10 (for S/M 202-8
only) 203-2
Cadmium Plated 4-2 plus any one 4-2 plus any one Good to Very Good
and Passivated (see from from
notes on Table 1-1b) 201-3 202-1
202-1 202-2
202-5 202-5
202-9 (for S/M only) 202-6
203-1
204-1
205-1
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Table 1 - 1b -Aluminium Sprayed or Cadmium Plated NCR Steel
Process Key to symbols: EC — Electrical Conductivity; S — Solderability; AR — Abrasion
Drawing Thickness Resistance; VG — Very Good; G — Good; F — Fair; P — Poor
Type of Finish
Def Stan (µm)
EC S AR Guidance Notes
21 -005
1-1 Aluminium, Sprayed to: 100 (Nominal) P P Suitable finish for frameworks, chassis, large structures,
BS EN ISO 2063(Al 4) or where close conformity to dimensions is not important.
1-2 Aluminium, Sprayed to: 175 (Nominal) Ideal key for paint. For explosive store it is permitted as
BS EN ISO 2063 (Al 7) an undercoat for an external paint scheme.
1-3 Aluminium, Sprayed to: 250 (nominal) Account must be taken of liability to distortion of thin
BS EN ISO 2063( (Al 10) sheets or damage to delicate parts by the grit blast pre -
treatment.
For surfaces, which are to be painted, use 1-1.
For surfaces, which are not to be painted, use 1-2.
or exposure to elevated temperatures, use 1-3.
4-1 Cadmium Plated and 14 (Average) F-G F P Gives good protection in exposed maritime situations and
Passivated to Def Stan 10 (Local) in tropical conditions of high humidity.
03-19 and BS 6338
4-2 Cadmium, Plated and 1 0 (Average) F-G F P Gives fair to good protection in situations protected from
Passivated to: BS EN 7,5 (Local) the weather. A suitable finish for ISO metric screw
12330Cd3 and BS threads above 20mm (nominal) diameter and unified
6338 screw threads above %" (nominal) diameter.
4-3 Cadmium, Plated and Varies F-G F P Optimum protection for threaded fastenings. Finish
Passivated to according to designed to avoid undue interference fits, yet afford
Def Stan 03-19 diameter of adequate protection to steel screw threads up to and
screw thread including %" (nominal) diameter. For screw thread
diameters above these ranges, use 4-2 above.
NOTE 1 Cadmium plating, due to the toxic nature of both cadmium and the salts formed by oxidation, is only to be used when
alternative finishes, such as zinc plating, are unacceptable, and then only with the prior written permission of the MOD Project
Manager.
b) Where its presence may contaminate oils used for lubrication, preservation, hydraulic systems, etc. Advice on this
matter may be obtained from the Defence Fuels Group, Westmoors (Advice may not be free.)
Where corrosion may arise as a result of exposure of the plated surface to vapour from certain organic materials. BS 7195.
NOTE 3 Cadmium plating may cause embrittlement of the part when used in temperatures exceeding 250°C.
a) Liability to corrosion of basis metal beneath area of plating damaged by welding process.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
NOTE Nickel plating is to be avoided where possible. When it is a requirement, the maximum deposit of copper plate
permitted in accordance with BS EN 12540 is to be specified in order to reduce the required thickness of the nickel plating.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Table 1 - 3a - Phosphating NCR Steel
Environment and Process Code Number
Protective Standard of
Exposed Exposed
Treatment Protected Controlled Protection
(Funnel Gas) (Weather)
Phosphating 13-2 plus any one 13-2 plus any one Fair to Good
from from
201-5 202-4
202-3 202-7
202-7 202-8
202-10 (for S/MS 203-2
only)
NOTE 2 It can be used on a wide variety of parts, large and small e.g. springs, holding down bolts, moving parts, etc.
2
13-1 Phosphating (Class I) 7.5 gm⎯ Heavy or deep phosphating. Used for fabricated gear-boxes,
to Def Stan 03-11 (minimum) bearing or sliding surfaces in conjunction with oil or grease.
Not applicable to ferrous surfaces in contact with steam
turbine lubricating oil.
2
13-2 Phosphating (Class II) 4.5 gm⎯ General purpose finish under paints. For use on external
to Def Stan 03-11 (minimum) surface of steel pipes in Hydraulic systems.
2
13-3 Phosphating (Class III) 1.5-4.5 gm⎯ For light gauge sections, followed by paint, varnish or coatings
to Def Stan 03-11 of high protective value.
2
13-4 Phosphating (Class IV) 0.2-1. 5gm⎯ For thin sections, fabricated or formed after application of
to Def Stan 03-11 paint, varnish or lacquer.
NOTE 2 It can be used on a wide variety of parts, large and small e.g. springs, holding down bolts, moving parts, etc.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
15-2 Poor
15-1 Silver, 5 (Local) VG VG P For radio and other electrical purposes where solderability
Electroplated to is a requirement. Requires an undercoating of nickel
BS EN ISO 4521 (10µm) or copper (8µm) and nickel (8µm). See Note.
15-2 Silver, 8-40 VG VG P For use where good electrical contact is required. Requires
Electroplated to (Average) an undercoating of nickel (10µm) or copper (8µm) and
BS EN ISO 4521 nickel (8µm). See Note.
15-3 Silver, 10 (Local) VG VG P For use where good surface conductivity is required.
Electroplated to Requires an undercoating of nickel (10µm) or copper (8µm)
BS EN ISO 4521 and nickel (8µm). See Note.
16-1 Tin, Electroplated 5 (Local) F VG P Use to facilitate soldering, solder tags, etc. Use on
to BS 1872 fabricated articles. May be used to reduce potential of steel-
copper junction. For use on threads below 6,25mm diameter
(nominal). Requires an undercoating of nickel (10µm) or
copper (8µm) and nickel (8µm). See Note.
16-3 Tin, Electroplated 30 (Local) F VG P Suitable for corrosion protection and abrasion
to BS 1872 resistance.
16-4 Tin, Hot Dipped 12,5 (Local) F VG P Used to facilitate soldering, solder tags, etc.
NOTE 2 When it is a requirement, the maximum deposit of copper plate permitted in accordance with BS EN 12540 should be
specified in order to reduce the required thickness of the nickel plating.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Table 1 - 5a - Zinc Galvanised NCR Steel
Environment and Process Code Number
Standard of
Protective Treatment Exposed Exposed
Protected Controlled Protection
(Funnel Gas) (Weather)
Zinc, Paint, Priming (Cold Galvanised) 19-1 plus any Good
Refer to Warpaint Section – Specialist one from
Coatings and Paint removers 202-3
202-4
202-7
202-8
203-2
19-1 plus any Fair to Good
one from
201-5
202-3
202-7
202-10 (for
S/MS only)
19-1 19-1 Poor to Fair
Zinc, Hot Dipped, (Galvanised) 19-2 plus 19-2 plus Good to Very Good
anyone from anyone from
201-3 202-1
202-1 202-2
202-5 202-5
202-9 (for 202-6
S/MS only) 203-1
204-1
19-2 19-2 19-2 Fair to Good
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19-3 Fair
19-5
19-4
19-6
(both for fasteners)
19-4
19-6
(both for fasteners)
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Table 1 - 6b -Zinc Plated NCR Steel
19-3 Zinc, Plated 14 (Average) F P-F P Gives Fair to Good measure of protection in situations
and protected from the weather.
10 (Local)
Passivated to:
Def Stan 03-
20 and BS
6338
19-4 Zinc, Plated 12,5 (Average) F P-F P Gives Fair to Good measure of protection in situations
and Passivated protected from the weather. A suitable finish for ISO
5 (Local) metric screw threads above 20mm (nominal) diameter
to: BS EN
12329 Fe/Zn5 and unified threads above 3/4" (nominal) diameter.
and BS 6338
19-5 Zinc, Plated 40 (Average) F P-F P Gives good protection in exposed marine situations and
and Passivated tropical conditions of high humidity.
25 (Local)
to: BS EN
12329 Fe/Zn5
and BS 6338
19-6 Zinc, Plated and Varies F P-F P Optimum protection for threaded fastenings. Finish
Passivated to Def according to designed to avoid undue interference fits, yet
Stan 03-20 diameter of afford adequate protection to steel screw threads.
screw thread Suitable for ISO metric threads up to and including
20mm (nominal) diameter and unified threads up to
and including 3/4" (nominal) diameter. For screw
thread diameters above these ranges, use 19-4
above.
NOTE 1 Zinc plating is the preferred finish wherever possible for all steel fasteners exposed to the weather.
a) Where its presence may contaminate oils used for lubrication preservation, hydraulic systems, etc. Advice on this
matter may be obtained from the Defence Fuels Group, Westmoors (Advice may not be free.)
b) Where corrosion may arise as a result of exposure of the plated surface to vapours from certain organic materials.
BS 7195 gives guidance on this subject.
NOTE 3 Zinc plating may cause embrittlement of the part when used in temperatures exceeding 350°C.
NOTE 4 In a corrosive environment at temperatures above 60°C, zinc no longer protects steel but actively promotes rusting.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
19-7 Zinc, Sherardized to 30 P P P For hinges, clips and small castings. For fasteners. This is a
2
BS4921, Class 1 (or 210gm⎯ ) dry method of applying a zinc coating of controlled
thickness for use on small parts that can withstand the
heat involved (up to 425°C) in the process.
19-8 Zinc, Sprayed to BS 100 (Nominal) P P P Suitable finish for frameworks, chassis, large structures
EN ISO 2063 Zn 4 or where close conformity to dimensions is not important.
Ideal key for paint. Account must be taken of liability
to distortion of thin sheets or damage to delicate parts by
19-9 Zinc, Sprayed to BS 175 (Nominal) the grit blast pre-treatment. Note: Less vigorous grit
EN ISO 2063 Zn 7 blasting is required than for aluminium spraying. Ideal finish
where steel is joined to aluminium.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
8 Guide to the Protective Treatment of Copper and Copper Alloys
8.1 General
8.1.1 The Tables contained in this Section provide a guide to the degree of protection against
corrosion, which is afforded to copper and copper alloys by various treatments.
8.1.2 Each Table is divided into parts with "a" presenting, alphabetically, a broad picture of complete
treatments and "b" a summarised description of the metallic finishes quoted, in numerical order.
8.1.3 Where additional paint finishes are required, these are summarised in the current issue of
"Warpaint".
8.1.4 For precise information on the protective treatments invoked in these Tables, refer to the
related Process Drawings.
8.1.5 A greater degree of protection can generally be obtained by selecting a finish intended for a
worse environment than planned for the equipment.
8.1.6 Passivation processes are to be omitted when using epoxy-resin paints or where soldering or
electrical conductivity is required.
8.1.7 To invoke a protective treatment listed in this Section, quote the Process Drawing Numbers of
both:
a) The relevant metal finish and
b) The relevant paragraph of "Warpaint".
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
4-4 Cadmium, Plated and 12 (Average) G G F Not normally used but may be applied to limit potentials at
Passivated to Def Stan 10 (Local) bi-metallic contacts. Requires undercoating of nickel (2
03-19 and BS 6338 µm). See Notes 1 to 6 below.
18-1 Chromate Passivation For brass cartridge cases, fuse components, etc. Normally
to Def Stan 03-12 a final process before assembly or packaging. Resists
staining by handling residues and atmosphere
contaminants.
7-5 Chromium, Plated 0,3 G P G Requires undercoating of nickel (30 µm). Use limited to
(Dull) to BS EN 12540 essential applications owing to difficult supply position of
nickel. See Note 6 below.
7-6 Chromium, Plated to Varies G P G Finish designed to prevent undue interference fits in
BS7371 -12 according to threaded components. Suitable for ISO metric screw
diameter of threads up to and including 20mm (nominal) diameter and
screw thread unified thread up to and including %" (nominal) diameter.
For screw thread diameters above these ranges, use BS
EN 12540.
7-7 Chromium, Plated 0,3 G P G Requires undercoating of nickel (5O µm). Use limited to
(Satin) to BS EN essential applications owing to difficult supply position of
12540 nickel, see Note 5 below.
8-3 Clean. (Bright, G-VG G F-G Not to be used where good electrical contact is required.
uncoated) to Def Stan Can be used:
03-2, Section 4. a) When followed by a paint system; b) For springs where
conditions permit; c) Where a degree of corrosion is
acceptable; d) Prior to soldering; e) When followed by
electroplating.
NOTE 1 Cadmium Plating, due to the toxic nature of both cadmium and the salts formed by oxidation is only to be used when
alternative finishes, such as zinc plating, are unacceptable, and then only with the prior written permission of the MOD
Project Manager. Cadmium Plating is NOT to be used:-
a) for items likely to come into contact with food stuffs or drink,
b) Where its presence may contaminate oils used for lubrication, preservation, hydraulic systems, etc. Advice on
this matter may be obtained from the Defence Fuels Group, Westmoors (Advice may not be free.)
c) Where corrosion may arise as a result of exposure of the plated surface to vapour from certain organic
materials. BS 7195 gives guidance on this subject.
NOTE 2 Cadmium plating may cause embrittlement of the part when used in temperatures exceeding 250°C.
c) impairment of welded joints, due to the formation of oxides during welding process.
NOTE 5 Nickel plating is to be avoided where possible. When it is a requirement then the maximum deposit of copper plate
permitted in accordance with BS EN 12540 is to be specified in order to reduce the required thickness of the nickel
plating.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
NOTE Nickel plating is to be avoided where possible. When it is a requirement; the maximum deposit of copper plate
permitted in accordance with BS EN 12540 is to be specified in order to reduce the required thickness of the nickel plating.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Table 2 - 4b - Tin/Lead Plated Copper and Copper Alloys
9.1.1 The Tables contained in this Section provide a guide to the degree of protection against corrosion
which is afforded to aluminium and aluminium alloys by various treatments.
9.1.2 Each Table is divided into two parts with "a" presenting, alphabetically, a broad picture of
complete treatments and "b" a summarised description of the metallic finishes quoted, in numerical
order.
9.1.3 Where additional paint finishes are required, these are summarised in "Warpaint".
9.1.4 For precise information on the protective treatments invoked in these Tables, refer to the related
Process Drawings.
9.1.5 A greater degree of protection can generally be obtained by selecting a finish intended for a worse
environment than planned for the equipment.
9.1.6 To invoke a protective treatment listed in this Section, quote the Process Drawing Numbers of
both:
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Table 3 - 1b - Anodised Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys
To invoke any Metal Finish, quote relevant Process Drawing Number
Process Key to symbols: EC — Electrical Conductivity; S — Solderability; AR — Abrasion
Resistance; VG — Very Good; G— Good; F— Fair; P— Poor
Drawing
Type of Finish Thickness (µm)
Def Stan EC S AR Guidance Notes
21-005
2-1 Anodised 8 to 13 G Normally suitable for general protective purposes. Not suitable
(Sulphuric Acid for use on parts containing riveted, lap or folded joints. Must
Process) to be stipulated where normal protection is required for
Def Stan 03-25 aluminium parts used in contact with concentrated hydrogen
peroxide (HTP).
2-2 Anodised 2 (Approx.) G Preferred process for the treatment of castings of suitable
(Chromate Acid composition and for providing a bonding surface for plastic
Process) to material or where one or more of the following considerations
Def Stan 03-24 are paramount:-a) Minimising loss of fatigue strength due
to anodising; b) Detection of flaws by subsequent seepage of
yellow electrolyte; c) Treatment of parts which are to be in
contact or near contact with explosives; d) Treatment of
material less than 250mm thick; e) Remove of electrolyte
from crevices or blind holes may be difficult.
2-3 Anodised, Hard to 100 (Approx.) VG Harder and thicker coatings than those provided by 2-1 and
BS 5599 2-2 above provide greater resistance to abrasion, corrosion
and electrical breakdown. If used on parts liable to contact with
concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HTP), the electrolyte is to
consist of a simple sulphuric acid solution.
2-4 Anodised to: Def Mixed coating VG Used only where certain areas require greater resistance to
Stan 03-25 and thickness 8 to 13 abrasion, corrosion or electrical breakdown. If used on parts
BS 5599 and 100 liable to contact with concentrated hydrogen peroxide (HTP),
(Approx.) the electrolyte is to consist of a simple sulphuric acid solution.
Not suitable for use on parts containing riveted, lap or folded
joints.
2-5 Anodised to: Def Mixed coating VG Used where only certain areas require greater resistance to
Stan 03-24 and thickness 2 abrasion, corrosion or electrical breakdown. Not to be used
BS 5599 (Approx.) and for parts liable to contact with concentrated hydrogen
100 (Approx.) peroxide (HTP).
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Table 3 - 2b - Chromate Conversion Coatings on Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys
To invoke any Metal Finish, quote relevant Process Drawing Number
Process Key to symbols: EC — Electrical Conductivity; S — Solderability; AR — Abrasion
Drawing Thickness Resistance; VG — Very Good; G — Good; F — Fair; P — Poor
Type of Finish
Def Stan (µm)
EC S AR Guidance Notes
21-005
3-1 Chromate Conversion P* P P Non-elecrolytic treatment which produces a protective
Coating, (Immersion) coating on a l u m i n i u m a n d i t s a l l o ys . Processing
to Def Stan 03-18 times are short and operating temperatures are low.
Gives good paint adhesion. There is no appreciable
change in the dimensions of the treated work.
To minimise the effect on surface electrical resistance, light to medium Alocrom coatings are recommended. The contact electrical
resistance for Alocrom 1200 is less than 5000 micro-ohms per square inch measured under an electrode pressure of 200 Ibs per square
inch (MIL-C-5541 method). These figures should satisfy general EMC and Tempest conditions for RN equipment. Henkel Metal
Chemicals, may be able to advise on electrical resistances achievable for various coating thicknesses. Generally, best
conductivity is realised when protection against corrosion is poorest.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Nickel plating is to be avoided where possible. When it is a requirement, the maximum deposit of copper plate permitted in accordance
with BS EN 12540 is to be specified in order to reduce the required thickness of the nickel plating.
10.1.2 One emphasis of "Smart Acquisition" is to procure and use materials in accordance with national or
international standards, rather than Defence Standards, and to require the supplier, and/or the painting
contractor, to shoulder the risk of material failure. This entails MOD setting "Design Life Targets" for paint
systems, and also "Performance Criteria" (which must include H&S and any Environmental aspects), and the
paint supplier warranting that his commercially available products will meet these criteria. In submitting
coating systems to MOD, the supplier warrants that they will be "Fit for Purpose". In passing the risk to the
supplier and painting contractor, MOD must allow the supplier to specify how his products are to be used.
10.1.3 MOD (N) will no longer specify paint manufactured to Defence Standards. Instead, "Design Life
Targets" will be published in "Warpaint", and general paint "Performance Criteria" are included in BR 3939
Issue 2.
10.1.4 Paint suppliers are now required to be capable of supplying sufficient types of paint to coat an entire
warship at refit and/or new build. The very few specialist coatings, which are the exceptions to this rule, are
listed separately in "Warpaint". Approved suppliers' specifications for each area are listed as "Whole Ship
Specifications (WSS)", extracts of which are published 6-monthly by SESea – MT in "Warpaint". Paint
systems recommended in this standard will be indicated by the quotation of the relevant paragraph of the
WSS in "Warpaint". Full WSS, including specified thickness and number of paint coats required, are held in
electronic form by SESea – MT . These are the only paint specifications authorised for use on HM Ships,
and contractors are responsible for ensuring that the specification offered by their paint supplier matches that
held by SESea – MT. Where certain materials in a supplier's WSS have been published in advance of their
gaining full MOD approval, the appropriate line in the WSS will be lightly shaded. Users are to check the
actual status of these materials with SESea – MT prior to first use.
10.1.5 The "Approved Firm's Schedule (AFS)" system has lapsed with the changes in MOD policy.
However, in the event of dispute following a paint failure, there will still be a requirement to confirm that the
paint used was, in fact, the paint specified. In place of AFS, paint suppliers will be required to provide "Paint
Identification Characteristics", which will suffice to confirm the identity of the paint in use. To save
unnecessary recording, this information is likely to be the batch test results already in use by the supplier.
The information will be held by SESea –MT, and treated as confidential.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
10.1.6 All paints specified are to be used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's Health & Safety
and product data sheets. All paint application is to be by the manufacturer's recommended method, except
that cutting-in, stripe coating or touch up may be by brush.
10.1.7 Overcoating times and pot life, relevant to the ambient temperature, are to be observed. No
variations are permitted without prior approval from the appropriate Integrated Project Team.
10.2.1 This Section tabulates paint systems suitable for use on Naval equipment and lists the available
colours of each finishing coat. For convenience, each colour has been allocated a reference number
appropriate to BS 381C (unless Black or White).
10.2.3 The selection of a paint system is governed by the metal substrate concerned and any protective
treatment which has been given to it. This Section is to be used in conjunction with the current issue of
Warpaint.
10.2.4 Paint Colours and Performance Characteristics are to comply with the requirements of the
appropriate table in BR 3939, Issue 2, and the table in this Section.
10.2.5 For environmental reasons, manufacturers are encouraged to use Powder Coatings, which must
be chosen from those approved by MOD –SESea –MT, and listed in Warpaint. The use of stoving paints
has, in general, been superseded by powder coatings.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Table 4 - 1a - Special Colours for Equipment, Gun Mountings and GW Launch Systems
Submarines : External surfaces of equipment exposed to the weather (including Black or Dark Green to BS381C No 241
Radomes and encapsulated antennas)
Fire Control equipment (not exposed to weather) Light Admiralty Grey to BS 381 C No 697
External Surfaces of all Electrical and Weapon equipment fitted in offices Light Admiralty Grey to BS 381C No 697
External surfaces of all Electrical and Weapon equipment fitted in positions other Light Admiralty Grey to BS 381C No 697 unless the
than Offices, but protected from the weather equipment has been designed for a specific
requirement and it can be proved that colour will
affect efficiency
External surfaces of all Electrical and Weapon equipment fitted in positions other Light Weatherwork Grey to BS381 C No 676
than Offices, but not protected from the weather
Analytical test equipment (free standing, mobile) Dark Admiralty Grey to BS381 C No 632
Inside surfaces of equipment (where necessary) Black White or as for external surfaces
a) Optical
b) Other than optical
Fittings e.g. escutcheons, handles, etc. on front surfaces of equipment Dark Admiralty Grey to BS381C No 632
Fittings, e.g. escutcheons, handles, etc. on front surfaces of Test Equipment Light Admiralty Grey to BS381C No 697
Access fasteners temporary covers or part to be removed during installation Brilliant Green to BS381C No 221
Nameplates and operational labels Dark Admiralty Grey to BS381C No 632 Letters:
White
Nameplates for Test Equipment Light Admiralty Grey to BS381 C No 697 Letters:
White
Air Weapon handling trolleys used on aircraft carrier flight decks Dark green gloss to BS381C No 241
All emergency stop pushes, power control switches, stop buttons -Gun Mountings Signal Red to BS381C No 537
& GWS Launchers
Hazards to Personnel: All dangerous parts of machinery (i.e. sights, elevating Canary Yellow to BS381C No 309
mass, hoist doors, loading trap, gun breeches, etc.). See Note 1.
All non-dangerous parts of machinery (i.e. hoists, motors, gearboxes, etc.), Mid Brunswick Green to BS381C No 26
except where a light reflecting surface is required
All light reflecting surfaces (i.e. interior surfaces of gun house, gun bay, White
magazine, missile storage check room, etc.)
NOTE 1 These colour schemes are intended to emphasise those parts that are liable to cause injury to crew members.
NOTE 2 Air bottles are normally supplied coloured French Grey (i.e. to BS 381C No 630). THEY MUST NOT BE
OVERPAINTED.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
All external surfaces of equipment exposed to the weather with the exception of items
listed in 3(b) and (d) below.
ALL VESSELS
d) Control and Stop buttons, switches, emergency stop pushes, etc. Semi-Gloss, Fire Retardant
Machinery parts such as hoists, motors, gearboxes etc.
e) All light reflecting surfaces such as interior walls of magazines, missile Semi-Gloss, Fire Retardant
storage check rooms, gun bays, etc.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Undercoat
Drawing
Primer
and and
Def Stan Colour NCR Steel
Para & Type Sheen Copper Aluminium
21-005 Ref
Alloys Alloys
201-1 Z J(iii) J(l) Gloss 677, Galvanised Clean Ship's weatherwork paint
Waterbased 676 or system suitable for painting
or silicone White the hull and superstructure
alkyd of HM Ships, Gun
Mountings, Launchers,
Antennas, etc., and other
items made of aluminium or
aluminium alloys.
201-2a G J(iii) J(l) Gloss White Blast to Sa System for grit-blasted steel
Waterbased 2½
or silicone
201 -2b H alkyd Clean to St 3 General purpose finish
employed where only
imperfect cleaning can be
achieved, e.g. St 3.
201-3a G N/A J(l) Epoxy Gloss 676, Blast to Sa A heavy duty ship's
Acrylic White 2½ weatherwork paint system.
Suitable for painting the
weatherwork areas of
201-3b Z Cadmium, Clean Clean Service
Plated. Zinc, Telecommunications
Hot Dipped. Equipment, Antennas, etc.,
Zinc, Plated. made of NCR Steel,
Zinc, copper and copper alloys,
Sherardized. or aluminium and aluminium
Zinc alloys, which have had
Sprayed previous surface conversion
treatment or metallic
coatings, applied.
201-4 As 201- 3b Aluminium, As above
Sprayed
201-5 As 201- 3b Phosphated Anodised As above
Chromate
Conversion
202-9 Z Def Stan 80- Matt Black Cadmium, Clean Clean Solar heat reflecting paint
schemes suitable for
111 Plated. Zinc,
periscopes, masts and
Hot Dipped, externally mounted
Zinc, Plated, submarine equipment.
Zinc,
Sherardized, NOTE: No Warpaint
Zinc, equivalent available
Sprayed.
202-10 Z Def Stan 80- Matt Black Aluminium, Anodised
111 Sprayed. Chromate
Phosphated conversion
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Table 4 - 3 - Air-Drying Internal Paints - (202 Systems)
Consult "Warpaint" Paragraph Substrate
Process
Finishing Coat Copper Aluminium
Drawing
Under- and and
Def Stan Primer Para & Colour NCR Steel Guidance Notes
coat Sheen Copper Aluminium
21-005 Type Reference
Alloys Alloys
202-1 Z O Gloss 697; 632; Aluminium, Clean Clean An equipment
Waterbased 537; 309; Sprayed. paint system
Epoxy 221; Cadmium, suitable for service
Black; Plated. Zinc, Telecommunication
White Hot Dipped. Equipment, Fire
202-2 Z O Semi- 697; 632; Zinc, Plated. Control
Waterbased Gloss 537; 309; Zinc, Instruments,
Epoxy 221; Sherardized. Motors, Starters,
Black; Zinc, etc. Semi-gloss
White Sprayed. paint to have a
202-3 L O Gloss 697; 632; Phosphating, Anodised specular
Waterbased 537; 309; Class II. Chromate reflectance value
Epoxy 221; Clean conversion of 55-60 units
Black; measured at
White 60°angle.
202-4 L O Semi- 697; 632;
Waterbased Gloss 537; 309;
Epoxy 221;
Black;
White
202-5 Z O Gloss 697; 676; Cadmium, Clean Clean Gloss and
Semi-gloss air-
Waterbased 632; 537; Plated. Zinc,
drying paint
Epoxy 309; 221; Hot Dipped. schemes suitable
Black; Zinc, Plated. for Motors, Starters
White Zinc, and other metal
surfaces.
202-6 Z O Semi- 697; 632; Sherardized.
Waterbased Gloss 537; 309; Zinc,
Epoxy 226; 221; Sprayed
Black;
White
202-7 Z O Gloss 697; 632; Aluminium, Anodised
Waterbased 537; 309; Sprayed. Chromate
Epoxy 221; Phosphating, conversion
Black; Class II.
White Zinc,
202-8 Z O Semi- 697; 632; Sprayed.
Waterbased Gloss 537; 309; Clean
Epoxy 221;
Black;
White
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Table 4 - 4 - Air-Drying Internal Paint Systems (203, 204 and 205 Series)
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11 Design Requirements/Guidance
11.1.1 When designing an item, equipment or structure, various factors need to be taken into
consideration. Briefly these are:
b) The choice of basis material, i.e. a material in its natural unprotected state;
c) The environment;
11.1.2 Careful design contributes as much towards the minimisation of corrosion as any superficial
protective coating. The following clauses offer advice in the design technique of avoiding corrosion.
11.1.3 Any design features, which encourage the deposition or retention of electrolyte or hostile
element, are to be avoided. Exterior surfaces are to be as smooth as possible to minimise the collection of
stagnant electrolyte, castings being fettled, sealed etc. to avoid absorption. Unnecessary holes pockets
and other moisture traps are to be "designed out".
11.1.4 Where a construction employs devices such as folded seams, beading or screwed fasteners, the
application of anti-corrosive primer is to be considered, preferably prior to final stages of assembly.
11.1.5 Adequate ventilation and other arrangements are to be provided to prevent condensation in
equipment. Drainage holes are to be provided for inaccessible places, e.g. double-skin constructions. For
larger box-plate constructions, access holes with cover plates are to be provided to allow the painting
of interior surfaces.
11.1.6 Some materials, e.g. aluminium, corrosion-resisting steels, etc., can control the rate of corrosion by
forming a surface oxide film which tends to impede further degradation (Passivity). To enable this surface
protection to be maintained it is important that the surfaces of these metals should not be deprived of a
source of oxygen.
11.2.2 The use of a sacrificial cathode is to be considered, the larger more expensive items being
made anodic with respect to smaller replaceable items.
11.2.3 Where submerged equipment or structures are involved, cathodic protection techniques may
need to be employed. Typically, these techniques involve either:
a) Introduction of a third material (sacrificial anode) which has an electro-potential higher than either of
the other two materials; or
b) Passing a dc current from an external source in the direction opposite to the flow of galvanic
current. Care is to be taken when using this technique, for should the external current flow in the
same direction as the galvanic current, then the rate of corrosion will be greatly increased.
11.2.4 The flow of galvanic current can also be reduced or even nullified by the insertion of an
insulating material which is not moisture absorbent. For full information on Cathodic Protection,
reference is to be made to BS 7361.
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11.3.1 There are many factors which affect the rate of corrosion in an item, e.g. ambient temperatures,
transient polarity etc; whilst some may be beyond the control of a designer, the majority are
interdependent and are to be jointly considered, including the following:
b) The environment to be encountered at that site e.g. rain, snow, ice, strong sunlight, salt-laden air,
funnel gases etc. (see Def Stan 08-123 for further information);
c) The basis material, its position on the galvanic scale and its method of construction e.g. thin sheet
metal fabrication, porous casting, inaccessible areas, moisture traps etc.;
d) The cost of the envisaged protection in relation to total cost of the item.
e) The penalty to the equipment, system or ship of degradation of the item concerned.
11.3.2 Design considerations are also to encompass the packaging and storage of an item. Moisture
absorbing materials are to be avoided and desiccation of the package is to be given careful
consideration.
Some organic materials, e.g. certain encapsulating compounds, woods, glues, paints, etc., emit organic or
inorganic vapours- or even both- which may cause corrosion of associated metal parts, especially in
confined conditions of high humidity and elevated ambient temperature. Organic materials likely to emit
vapour which could cause metal corrosion are to be avoided; however should their use be essential, details
of material properties and recommendations for corrosion prevention can be obtained form BS 7195.
12.1 General
12.1.1 The painting of any item or structure is to be considered as a complete system inclusive of pre-
treatment (e.g. cleaning, degreasing, preparation of surfaces etc., paint application, choice of paint and
choice of colour and sheen. See also Def Stan 03-30. Surfaces to be given a protective finish will require pre-
treatment. Care is to be taken that such pre-treatments are suitable and will not damage the surface of the
substrate.
12.1.2 Before commencing any painting, all metal surfaces are to be clean and free from pits,
intergranular attack, oxide scale, machining fluids or other foreign matter (visible or invisible). Care is to be
taken during cleaning to avoid damage to plated surfaces, anodic coatings, screw threads, surfaces with
high finishes, conducting surfaces and similar. For methods of cleaning, see Def Stan 03-2.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
12.3 Abrasive Cleaning
12.3.1 Grit blasting, shot blasting or other mechanically severe pre-treatments are not to be administered
to thin sheet-metal fabrications.
12.3.2 Abrasive cleaning of aluminium alloys is to be limited to those items that cannot be chemically
cleaned, due to the risk of retaining chemical residues, i.e. partly closed fabrications.
12.3.3 Abrasive used on any metal or alloy item is only to be re-used on other items of similar material.
12.4 Castings
All castings are to be fettled and thoroughly cleaned. Those castings which, owing to their application or
working pressure, suffer through micro-porosity but are acceptable in other respects, may be reclaimable. All
such cases are to be referred to the Design Authority and Project Manager.
12.5 Waveguides
Special care is to be taken when cleaning metal fabrications used in waveguide systems to ensure that
electrical characteristics are not impaired. The conducting surfaces of these fabrications, as far as possible,
are to retain the same quality of surface texture as specified on drawings or other specifications. For
suitable cleaning methods see Def Stan 21-50.
Cleanliness of a hydraulic system is essential to its efficient operation and reliability. Special care is to be
exercised during manufacture and handling of the various items comprising that system.
12.7.1 The basic metals in common usage in Naval equipment have been divided into three main
groups;
12.7.2 The various environments which equipment can be expected to encounter have also been divided
into groups;
b) Exposed (Weather)
c) Protected
d) Controlled
12.7.3 Suitable protective finishes for each group of metals to combat these environments are
tabulated for the appropriate metal together with a brief description of each finish. Greater protection can
generally be obtained by choosing a finish intended for a more severe environment.
12.7.4 When choosing a finish, due consideration is to be given to the size, fragility, method of
construction, etc. of the items to be protected.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
12.7.5 Any finishing process applied to a Waveguide fabrication is to take into account the possibility of
deleterious effects arising from that process, e.g. impairment of surface texture, uneven electro-
deposition; changes in metallurgical properties of the basis metal; blocking of air-vent holes etc. See
Def Stan 21-50 for further information.
13 Surfaces to be Painted
13.1 General
13.1.1 Except for insulators, earths and continuity surfaces, and some GRP surfaces, the following are to
be painted:
b) The internal surfaces of all equipment other than that mounted in dry interior atmospheres of
air-conditioned cabinets or compartments.
13.1.2 Painting is not to be employed on working parts where the paint is liable to interfere with the
operation of items such as pivots and plungers.
13.2.1 The internal surfaces of double-skin constructions are to be protected by paint preceded by a
suitable pre-treatment. Drainage holes are to be provided and must not be blocked by the protective finish.
13.2.2 All plates forming pockets in steel structures are to be de-scaled and cleaned and, where not
rendered airtight, are to be painted via the access holes provided.
13.2.3 Deck plating hidden by secured equipment is to be periodically examined, cleaned and painted,
readily removable equipment being removed to provide access.
13.3 Antennas
During manufacture, an antenna is to be provided with a protective finish that has a life commensurate
with the mechanical and electrical components involved. Repainting should not be necessary before the
antenna is overhauled.
13.4.1 GRP is inert to electro-chemical corrosion and hence needs no protective finish. If it is to be
used unpainted, any colouring requirements can be incorporated in the gel coat during manufacture. The gel
coat colours are to match as far as possible the colour shades shown in BS 381C.
13.4.2 A GRP item, when exposed for long periods to ultra-violet radiation, suffers damage to the
pigmented gel. For this reason, all GRP items, which are exposed to the weather, are to be painted in
addition to their pigmented gel coatings.
13.4.3 Useful information on the painting, marking and repair of GRP Gun-shields is contained in
BR 2921, Part 5A. See also Table 4 - 5 in this Def Stan.
13.5 Radomes
13.5.1 For radomes constructed from GRP, Section 12.4 applies. However, as energy is usually
transmitted through a radome, certain qualifications are to be made.
13.5.2 The dielectric constant of the paint to be used is to be, ideally, the same as that of the substrate and
the paint is not to contain large quantities of filler or pigment.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
13.5.3 If the wavelength of the transmitted energy is equal to the thickness of the radome wall, then the
effect of coats of paint could be critical especially in the case of sandwich type radomes where the skin
thickness is related electrically to the core thickness. In such cases, painting may have to be omitted and
the required coloured weatherproof surface obtained by other means.
External surfaces of steel pipes exposed to the weather are to be painted to within 50mm of the coupling and
identification tape applied. See Def Stan 05-34:
b) Electrified parts;
14 Paint Application
14.1 Paint finishes are to be preceded, wherever possible, by a specified combination of cleaning (or
other pre-treatment), a metal finish and a pre-paint treatment. Passivation of zinc or cadmium plated
surfaces is to be omitted if the subsequent paint coat is of the epoxy resin-based type.
14.2 Where gear-box interiors are required to be painted, it is important that the paint is compatible
with the oil. It is to be noted that some oils have detergent or other properties which react with certain types
of paint.
14.3 For painted radomes fitted on the fin or masts of submarines, low sheen paints with acceptable
transmission losses are to be specified.
14.4 Painting of equipment can be effected by spraying, brushing or dipping as relevant, or as specified
on the Process Drawings related to this Def Stan. Where detailed instructions are not stipulated for the
application of paint, it is to be applied in conformance with the requirements of BR 3939.
14.5 Gun mountings and launchers are normally to be painted by brush to avoid paint mist from spray
guns entering the working parts. Spray painting can be used for external surfaces such as gun shields etc.,
but care is to be exercised, by masking or similar, to keep lubricators clear of paint.
14.6 Dry film thickness (dft) measurements are to be taken in the manner specified in "Warpaint".
14.7 When painting waveguide fabrications and similar, care is to be taken to prevent paint mist or runs
entering internal spaces, cavities or venting apertures.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
15 Paint Removers
15.1 General
15.1.1 The following specifications for paint removers are no longer permitted for Naval use:
b) Def Stan 80-16 - Paint Remover, Dichloromethane (methylene chloride), Water Rinsable, Special -
Brushing Type.
c) Def Stan 80-14 - Paint Remover, Dichloromethane (methylene chloride), Water Rinsable -
Brushing Type.
15.1.2 The only paint removers approved for Naval use are the waterbased products listed in the current
issue of "Warpaint".
16 Process Drawings
16.1 General
16.1.1 Protective finishes have been compiled to form Process Drawings (Tabulated in Sections 5, 6, 7
and 8) which are to be used in conjunction with this Def Stan. To assist invocation on manufacturing
drawings and drawing lists, finish code references, prefixed by Def Stan 21-005 to show their allegiance to
this Def Stan, are used to comprise the Process Drawing numbering system e.g.: Def Stan 21-005/19-2 is
the number of the Process Drawing which gives particulars of a Zinc, Hot-Dipped (Galvanised) protective
finish for non-corrosive resisting steel. Def Stan 21-005/201-1/677 is the reference, which gives particulars of
an air-drying, gloss paint system for external areas, having a finishing coat colour of Dark Weatherwork
Grey.
16.1.2 Where an item of equipment needs both a metallic finish and a paint finish, both Process Drawing
numbers are to be quoted on the manufacturing drawing of the item.
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Annex A
Normative References
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
37
DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
Annex B
Abbreviations, Definitions and Symbols
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DEF STAN 21-05 Issue 3
39
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When Defence Standards are incorporated into contracts users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contractual and statutory requirements. Compliance with a Defence
Standard does not in itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Defence Standards are revised as necessary by an up issue or amendment. It is important that users
of Defence Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest issue or amendment.
Information on all Defence Standards can be found on the DStan Website www.dstan.mod.uk,
updated weekly and supplemented regularly by Standards in Defence News (SID News). Any person
who, when making use of a Defence Standard encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity is requested to
notify UK Defence Standardization (DStan) without delay in order that the matter may be investigated
and appropriate action taken.