Have you

imagined how the

world would go
without speech?
Are you aware
that you are
spending most
of your waking
hours talking?
● Communication is the dual or
two-way process of transmitting
messages from one person to
another. It is the symbolic
interaction between two or more
people that influences each other’s
behavior. Speech and language are
only a portion of the larger process of
communication.
● Language is the medium or vehicle through
which messages are sent and received while
speech is one of its modes. It is the verbal
means of communicating or conveying
meaning.
● Speech is the process of shaping into words the
sound of the voice and the energy of the breath
by means of speech organs. Thus, these terms
are not identical but under the same process.
Aspects of Communication
● Verbal or linguistic aspect- makes use
of words; may be oral or written,
formal or informal
● Nonverbal or extralinguistic- does not
make use of words but may enhance or
change the linguistic code.
➢
➢
➢
● Nonlinguistic elements- devices
used in conveying messages
without entirely relying on
speech or language.
● Paralinguistic elements- include the
following attributes of voice that
accompany the words we say: vocal
quality, pitch, tempo, volume, and
juncture. Our voice is capable of various
dimensions making it possible to identify
one person from another.
● Metalinguistic element-takes place in
the mind of communicators – their
awareness of the component units of
language like sound, words, phrases and
sentences.
● KINESICS – language of the body

● PROXEMICS – language of space

● CHRONEMICS – language of time

● HAPTICS – language of touch

● OLFATICS – language of smell

● ARTEFACTUAL – language of object and physical

appearance
 Stages of
Communication Process
➢ Changing the voice in order to
emphasize key words

➢ Native speakers use many ways

to emphasize key words.
Stridency: Harsh sounding, strained, intense
Breathiness: Hard to hear, gives impression
of lack of intelligence
Nasality: Tones come through nose, sounds
whining
Denasality: Sounds like your plugging nose,
like you have a bad cold; makes you sound
pompous or unintelligent
➢Using inflection is like using
gestures.
➢Without gestures, your physical message is
flat. Without inflection, your verbal message is
flat.
➢Inflection emphasizes key words to add interest
and help the listener understand your speech.
➢ Inflecting the voice effectively is very
challenging for non-native speakers, so….
We only introduce and practice three kinds
of vocal emphasis
θ Stressing a word
θ Stretching a word
θ Pausing before a key word

➢ Listen to these three

examples.
•

• Habitual pitch

• Optimal pitch

•✴
•
What a beautiful
day Good night
I had a great time
That’s it
 Variety in
volume
★
pitch
★
rate
★
A good control of breathing, knowing the source of
vibration and principal resonators along with
articulation and pronunciation enhance
 Just as a bodybuilder builds muscles
✴
Speakers build vocal control through voice
✴
drills

Correct pronunciation with accurate

✴attention & a desire to improve

Improve vocal quality through volume, pitch,

✴