01 Introduction CPS

CREATIVE
PROBLEM SOLVING
Optimist International 1
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
3 Phases
- Idea Generation
- Idea Structuring
- Application
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Define creative problem solving.

2. Be familiar with common mental blocks to creative
thinking process.
3. Explore ways to be more creative.
4. Know the steps to the creative problem solving
process.
5. Be familiar with: Brainstorming,
Mind mapping and Multivoting
6. Apply tools to solve a problem.
Session Outline
• A. What is creative problem solving?

• B. Why don’t we think creatively more
often?
• C. How can we be more creative?
• D. What is the creative problem solving
process?
• E. What are some other specific creative
problem solving tools and techniques?
• F. Application of learning.
Creative?
Creativity
 Ability to discover novel

idea
Involves the use of
 What ability?
A. Originality
B. Imagination
C. Intuition
D. Ingenuity
E. Insights
Copyright © 2002,
Prentice Hall 6
Creativity &……….
creativity Innovation
New ideas (Input) Puts into Actions (output)
Problem?
Apple
Identifying a Problem falling
from a
tree
An open letter to India on our relationship with technology
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/an-open-letter-to-india-on-our-rel
ationship-with-technology/articleshow/62332076.cms
specially understand how raise a serious research question of high value by

this para
'That's why I have chosen India as Thrive Global's first country to expand
after launching in the US last year. I truly believe that, more than any
other place on earth, India has the answers to what I see as the biggest
question of our time: how we work and live in an age when change is
exponentially faster and technology has permeated every aspect of our lives.
It is my hope that India can take the lead in answering this question, not
only for Indians but also for the rest Optimist
of the world.
International 10
What is creative problem
solving?
CPS is -
DEFINITION
looking at the same thing as everyone else

&
thinking different
Nobel prize winner, Albert Szent-Gyorgi.
The Creative Process
(Maslow)
• 2 step process
• primary creativity (origin of ideas)
• secondary creativity (strategic plan)

Creative Thinking
 use knowledge and experience to form new ideas.
 use knowledge to make the ordinary extraordinary
It requires an attitude
of search for new ideas
Four Phases of Creative Thinking
(Roger von Oech’s)
The biggest problem in

1. The Explorer—looks for
the creative process is
ideas
getting the order wrong.
2. The Artist— plays with
ideas most people forget, and
let the judge go first, thus
3. The Judge—judges and squelching every
selects the best ideas potential idea.
4. The Warrior—champions This is creative suicide!

the best idea
“If your only tool is a hammer, you’ll
see every problem as a nail.”
—Abraham Maslow
Senge’s Principles for Creating a
Learning?
Figure 7.8
7-17
Creating a Learning
Organization
1. Personal Mastery
– Managers empower employees and allow them to create and
explore.
2. Mental Models
– Challenge employees to find new, better methods to perform
a task.
3. Team Learning
– Learning that takes place in a group or team.
4. Build a Shared Vision
– People share a common mental model of the firm to
evaluate opportunities.
5. Systems Thinking
– Knowing and understanding how actions in one area of
the firm will impact other areas of the firm.
7-18
EXERCISE
Connect all nine dots with four (4) straight continuous

lines without your pen (or pencil) leaving the paper
A SOLUTION
(out of the box thinking)
Obstacles to the Creative Process
(Arthur VanGundy’s)
• Perceptual roadblocks
• Emotional roadblocks
• Intellectual roadblocks
• Cultural roadblocks
• Environmental roadblocks
MENTAL BLOCKS
Mental blocks are

reasons (attitudes)
why we don’t
“think something
different.”
10 MENTAL BLOCKS
1. The _______ answer. 6. That’s not my _____.

2. That’s not _________. 7. ________ ambiguity.
3. __________ the rules. 8. Don’t be _________.
4. Be ______________. 9. __________is wrong.
5. ________ is frivolous. 10. I’m not __________.
MENTAL BLOCK # 1
1. The right answer.

Only one?
MENTAL BLOCK # 2

2. That’s not logical.
MENTAL BLOCK # 3
1. The right answer Why rules should be

challenged:
2. That’s not logical 1. We make rules based on
reasons that make a lot of
3. Follow the rules sense.
2. We follow these rules.
3. Time passes, and things
change.
4. The original reasons for the
generation of these rules
may no longer exist, but
because the rules are still in
place, we continue to follow
them.
MENTAL BLOCK # 4

3. Follow the rules.
4. Be practical.
MENTAL BLOCK # 5

“When do
3. Follow the rules.
you get
4. Be practical. your best
5. Play is frivolous. ideas?”
MENTAL BLOCK # 6
6. That’s not my area.
MENTAL BLOCK # 7

7. Avoid ambiguity.
AMBIGUITY
MENTAL BLOCK # 8

7. Avoid ambiguity.
8. Don’t be foolish.
MENTAL BLOCK # 9

7. Avoid ambiguity.
9. To err is wrong.
MENTAL BLOCK # 10

7. Avoid ambiguity.
9. To err is wrong.
10.I’m not creative.
BEING MORE CREATIVE
How can we be more creative?

Jot down at least 3 ideas that come to
your mind.
Golden Rules of Creative Thinking
1. Start small trying to discover 6. _________ on what you can

new ways to be creative, __“but reasonably do. Trying to do too
start.”_________. many things at once
2. _“Give yourself compromises the effort and may
permission”______ to abandon take away from the results.
the old, obsolete ways of doing 7. _________creative thinking for
things and explore new ways. today as well as tomorrow.
3. It is not possible to change the 8. Include other people in the
way we think about everything. creative thinking process with
__“Target specific areas”______ you. __________fosters creative
in which to try creative thinking thinking.
techniques. 9. Include _______ and ______ in
4. Understand that creative thinking your creative thinking process
requires “time”_________, as well as ___________.
but it is worth it! 10. Keep ________________.
5. Remember that creative thinking
is both “hard work” and “fun!!!”
CPS Process
STEP 1. State what appears to be

the problem.
The real problem may not surface until facts

have been gathered and analyzed.
Therefore, start with what you assume to be
the problem, that can later be confirmed or
corrected.
CREATIVE PROBLEM
SOLVING PROCESS
STEP 2. Gather facts, feelings

and opinions.
 What happened?
 Where, when and how did it occur?
 What is it’s size, scope, and severity?
 Who and what is affected?
 Likely to happen again?
 Need to be corrected?
 May need to assign priorities to critical
elements. Optimist International 37
CREATIVE PROBLEM
SOLVING PROCESS
STEP 3. Restate the problem.
The real facts help make this possible,

and provide supporting data.
The actual problem may, or may not
be the same as stated in Step 1.
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS
STEP 4. Identify
alternative solutions.
Generate ideas. Do not

eliminate any possible
solutions until several
have been discussed.
STEP 5. Evaluate alternatives.

 Which will provide the optimum solution?
 What are the risks?
 Are costs in keeping with the benefits?
 Will the solution create new problems?
STEP 6. Implement the decision!

 Who must be involved?
 To what extent?
 How, when and where?
 Who will the decision impact?
 What might go wrong?
 How will the results be reported and verified?
STEP 7. Evaluate the results.
 Test the solution against the desired results.

 Make revisions if necessary.
10 Questions To Encourage Ideas
1. What if…? 6. What can we do

2. How can we better…?
improve…? 7. What do you think
3. How will the Optimist about…?
Member and/or the 8. What should we add?
community benefit? 9. What should we
4. Are we forgetting eliminate?
anything? 10. What other ideas do
5. What’s the next step? you have...?
Tools & Techniques
 Brain Storming
 Nominal Group technique
 Delphi Technique
BRAINSTORMING
To generate a large number of

ideas in a short period of time
Rules for Brainstorming:
 The more ideas the better!

 No discussion
 No idea is a bad idea
 Build on one another’s ideas
 Display all ideas
BRAINSTORMING EXERCISE
How Do We Motivate Our Local

Optimist Club Members?
Ideas: Freely record your ideas as they come to your mind.
BRAINSTORMING GUIDELINES
Remember 1. Practice question: How Do We

Creative Motivate Our Local Optimist Club
Thinking Members?
Re-state the
question to keep
the process going
2. Clarify understanding. Once all the

What did ideas have been generated (it may
you mean by take approximately 5 to 6 minutes),
that?!!! review ideas offered.
BRAINSTORMING GUIDELINES
Let’s
combine
ideas!!! 3. Combine items that
are similar and/or
eliminate duplicates.
Are we 4. Completion.
done yet?
TOOLS & TECHNIQUES -
MULTIVOTING
 Purpose:
To help a group of people make a
decision with which they are comfortable.
 Definition:
A way to vote to select the most important
or popular items (alternatives) from a list.
MULTIVOTING
Steps
1. Generate a list of items and
number each item.
2. If two or more items seem similar,

they may be combined.
3. If necessary, renumber the items.
MULTIVOTING Steps (Continued)
4. Write down the numbers of the items you feel

are the major cause of the problem.
5. Share your votes by a show of hands.
6. Eliminate those items with the fewest votes.
7. Repeat steps 3 (renumber) through 6 on the list
of remaining items. Continue this process until
only a few items remain. If a clear favorite does
not emerge, the group may discuss the items listed
and make a choice.
MIND MAPPING
Definition : A visual picture of a group of

ideas, concepts or issues.
Purpose :
 Unblock our thinking.
 See an entire idea or several ideas on one
sheet of paper.
 See how ideas relate to one another.
 Look at things in a new and different way.
 Look at an idea in depth.
Think
Mind Mapping Exercise freely!!
 Over-sized blank sheet of paper.

1. Initial
Tumble of  Select word, phrase or problem statement
to serve as a focus for discussion.
Ideas.
 Print it in the middle of the paper. Enclose
it in a box or oval.
 Let a word pop out of your mind.
Print it anywhere on the paper.
 Underline it and connect the line with the
problem statement (or key phrase or word)
you are working.
 Record the next idea and connect it to
original focus point or the prior thought.
 Continue printing and connecting words.
Mind Mapping Exercise
EXAMPLE
Mind Mapping Exercise
-- Helpful Hints
 Keep your printing

A large and easy to read.
  Feel free to use

symbols and or pictures.
 Have some fun using

different colors.
COMPLETED MAP
 Draw over clusters of similar thoughts

that are associated with the main focus
point. Have fun using a different color
highlighter with each cluster of words.
 How do the variety of ideas relate to one
Have Fun another?
Drawing  Do you notice any common causes of
Your Own
Mind Map!
the problem? What are the most important
causes?
 You are now ready to brainstorm
solutions!
APPLICATION OF LEARNING
What Are The Three Greatest Problems /

Opportunities Your Club is Currently Facing?
i.e. “How do you motivate your club members?”

1.
2.
3.
Thanks
A Creative Problem-Solving Strategy
Describe the problem or issue.

Generate some viable ideas.
Select the best idea(s) and refine.
Implement the best idea.
Evaluate the outcome. (Did it work?
Why or why not? If not, start over again
to find the best solution.)
The Map of Creative Problem Solving
Description
of the
problem
Generating
Idea ideas
selection
and
refinement Evaluation
Idea
and analysis
implemen-
of action
tation
plan
Best Application of Creative
Problem Solving
We are all bound to have problems to

solve from small issues to huge
dilemmas.
We all have the skills (four aspects of
creativity) to use in every situation.
Creative problem solving will prove to
be your most valuable coping skill for
every stressor.
CPS Techniques
Creative problem-solving techniques can be categorized as follows:
 Mental state shift: Creativity techniques designed to shift a person's mental state into one that
fosters creativity. These techniques are described in creativity techniques. One such popular
technique is to take a break and relax or sleep after intensively trying to think of a solution.
 Problem reframing: Creativity techniques designed to reframe the problem. For example,
reconsidering one's goals by asking "What am I really trying to accomplish?" can lead to useful
insights.
 Multiple idea facilitation: Creativity techniques designed to increase the quantity of fresh ideas. This
approach is based on the belief that a larger number of ideas increases the chances that one of
them has value. Some of these techniques involve randomly selecting an idea (such as choosing a
word from a list), thinking about similarities with the undesired situation, and hopefully inspiring a
related idea that leads to a solution. Such techniques are described in creativity techniques.
 Inducing change of perspective: Creative-problem-solving techniques designed to efficiently lead to

a fresh perspective that causes a solution to become obvious. This category is especially useful for
solving especially challenging problems.[2] Some of these techniques involve identifying
independent dimensions that differentiate (or separate) closely associated concepts.[3] Such
techniques can overcome the mind's instinctive tendency to use "oversimplified associative
thinking" in which two related concepts are so closely associated that their differences, and
independence from one another, are overlooked
six steps of CPS
 Objective Finding, Data Finding, Problem Finding,

Idea Finding, Solution Finding and Acceptance
Finding.
 Within each stage, one using CPS
employs divergent thinking or Brainstorming
and convergent thinking, focusing in on the "best"
answer given the context of the situation.
 ‘Brainstorming’ is key approach (Alex Osborn)
Study Guide Questions
1. Why is creativity thought to be such

an important coping technique?
2. Describe the four stages of von

Oech’s creative thinking process
model.
3. Why is the order so important in this

model?
Study Guide Questions
(continued)
4. What are four common “blocks” to

the creative process?
5. List the five steps in the creative

problem-solving process.
Creativity Tips
Give yourself relaxation time

Find a place where you can think
Talk to other people about ideas
Ask other people for their suggestions
about your problems
Read a lot
Protect yourself from idea-killers
Copyright © 2002,
Prentice Hall 73
To Foster Creativity...
Principle Examples
Pull people apart Let individuals work alone
Put people together Encourage minority reports
Encourage heterogeneous team members
Separate competing groups
Monitor and prod Talk to customers, identify their expectations
Hold people accountable
Use “sharp-pointed” prods
Reward multiple Idea champion; Sponsor and mentor;
roles Orchestrator and Facilitator; Rule Breaker
Copyright © 2002,
Prentice Hall 74
Case Studies
The Sony Walkman – answer

questions in textbook – don’t go
to next slides until you have done
so!
After developing your own ideas,
come up with a group plan for
fostering this type of innovation
in a company like Dow-Corning
Copyright © 2002,
Prentice Hall 75
The Sony Walkman Finale
Ibuka enlisted the assistance of Morita,

then orchestrated a meeting with the
tape recorder engineers, the
headphone engineers, and Morita. He
had persuaded production to make one
prototype, and then he simply let
everyone listen to music through the
headphones. Eureka! He had his idea
sold.
Copyright © 2002,
Prentice Hall 76
The Sony Walkman Finale
 At first the product didn’t sell very well in

Japan, but when it was exported to the United
States – with its skateboarders, joggers,
bicyclists, and exercise nuts – it took off like
crazy. Soon it became standard fare for every
teenager in the country, and for many of their
parents as well. In fact, it was the product that
most people associated with the Sony name,
and at about $100 per unit, it became a large
addition to corporate revenues as well.
 Ibuka didn’t invent the product, but he was
Copyrightclearly
© 2002, its innovator.77
Prentice Hall
Conceptual Blockbusting
Prior to meeting in groups:

Generate your statement that accurately
defines the problem
Develop at least three alternative
solutions to problem
During group meeting
Agree upon “actual” problem
Develop a group solution to problem
Copyright © 2002,
Prentice Hall 78
Conceptual Blockbusting
After agreeing on problem and

solution, generate AT LEAST 5 other
definitions of the problem
Apply creative problem-solving
techniques to generate at least 10 new
solutions to the problem
Be prepared to report the most creative
and insightful solution from your group
to the class next week
Copyright © 2002,
Prentice Hall 79
Discussion Questions –
Conceptual Blocks
 How difficult was it to reach consensus on a

problem statement?
 How quickly did the group select a good
alternative in stage 1?
 What creative problem-solving hints and
techniques were most useful in each case?
 Which were less useful?
 Which can you use in other problems you face?
Copyright © 2002,
Prentice Hall 80
"People think India is a land of billion
problems. But India is a land of billion
opportunities. India is ready to take off,“
Mukesh Ambani Nov 2011
Mukesh Ambani
Dec, 20 2014
People think India is a land of billion

problems. But India is a land of billion
opportunities.

01 Introduction CPS

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01 Introduction CPS

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CREATIVE

1. Define creative problem solving.

• A. What is creative problem solving?

 Ability to discover novel

New ideas (Input) Puts into Actions (output)

specially understand how raise a serious research question of high value by

looking at the same thing as everyone else

Nobel prize winner, Albert Szent-Gyorgi.

• primary creativity (origin of ideas)

• secondary creativity (strategic plan)

 use knowledge and experience to form new ideas.

 use knowledge to make the ordinary extraordinary

The biggest problem in

4. The Warrior—champions This is creative suicide!

Connect all nine dots with four (4) straight continuous

Mental blocks are

1. The _______ answer. 6. That’s not my _____.

1. The right answer.

1. The right answer.

1. The right answer Why rules should be

1. The right answer.

1. The right answer.

6. That’s not my area.

6. That’s not my area.

6. That’s not my area.

6. That’s not my area.

6. That’s not my area.

How can we be more creative?

1. Start small trying to discover 6. _________ on what you can

STEP 1. State what appears to be

The real problem may not surface until facts

STEP 2. Gather facts, feelings

STEP 3. Restate the problem.

The real facts help make this possible,

Generate ideas. Do not

STEP 5. Evaluate alternatives.

 What are the risks?

 Are costs in keeping with the benefits?

 Will the solution create new problems?

STEP 6. Implement the decision!

STEP 7. Evaluate the results.

 Test the solution against the desired results.

1. What if…? 6. What can we do

To generate a large number of

Rules for Brainstorming:

 The more ideas the better!

How Do We Motivate Our Local

Ideas: Freely record your ideas as they come to your mind.

Remember 1. Practice question: How Do We

2. Clarify understanding. Once all the

2. If two or more items seem similar,

3. If necessary, renumber the items.

4. Write down the numbers of the items you feel

Definition : A visual picture of a group of

 Over-sized blank sheet of paper.

 Keep your printing

  Feel free to use

 Have some fun using

 Draw over clusters of similar thoughts

What Are The Three Greatest Problems /

i.e. “How do you motivate your club members?”

Describe the problem or issue.

We are all bound to have problems to

 Inducing change of perspective: Creative-problem-solving techniques designed to efficiently lead to

1. The ___ answer. 6. That’s not my _.