SOLAR ABSORPTION SYSTEM

REVIEW

1. H.Z. Hassan , A.A.Mohamad A review on solar cold production through

absorption technology Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16
(2012) pp [5331–5348]
2. A review of absorption refrigeration technologies Pongsid Srikhirin, Satha
Aphortana, Supachart Chungpai Bulpatana, Renewable and sustainable
energy reviews 5 (2001) pp [343-372].
3. Technology development in the solar absorption air conditioning systems,
Z.F.Li., K Sumathy, Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 4 (2000) pp
[267-293].
4. V. Mittal , K.S. Kasana , N. S. Thakur, The study of solar absorption air-
conditioning systems Journal of energy in south Africa Vol. 16 No. 4
November 2005 pp[59-66]
5. Absorption cooling- A review of lithium bromide water chiller
technologies. Xialoin Wang and Hui. T.Chua. Bentham science Publishers
ltd. Recent patents on mechanical Engg. 2009, 2, pp [193-213].

THESIS
1 Modelling and optimization of a demonstration solar heating and
cooling plant. Antoine Frein, Master Thesis- MSC Sustainable energy
July 2011 Technical university of Denmark
2 Modelling and assessing an efficient building with absorption chiller for
two different climates in MENA region, Mohammad Jihad Almshkawi,
MSC in Renewable energy February 2011.
3 Optimization of environmental friendly solar assisted absorption cooling
systems. Doctoral Thesis by Berhane Hagos Gebreslassie 2010.
4 Design and Analysis of a solar assisted cooling system integrated with
latent heat storage Master - sustainable process and energy Technology,
Laleh Hosseini August 2011. Delft University of Technology
5 Solar absorption thermal energy storage, Master of mechanical
Engineering Shahrullizam Mohd. Senusi, April 2010. Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia
6 Development of plate heat exchangers as main components of an
Absorption chiller, Master of Science May 2011, Thomas Hasenohol.
7 Theoretical Analysis of Absorption chiller system. BE Mech Engg.
December 2010 Mohd. Hafeez Bin Alias. University malaysia pahang

8 Study of solar absorption cooling systems 1984 PhD Thesis Pradeep

Kumar university of salford
9 Design and simulation of solar Absorption cooling system Giovanni
Nurzia February 2008.
10 Modelling of small capacity absorption chillers driven by solar thermal
energy or waste heat, Jerko Labus, PhD Thesis University of Rovira I
Virgily 2011.
11 Performance assessment of solar absorption cooling for Ontario,
Courtney Edwards, Thesis Master of Applied Science in Mech. Engg.
Carlenton University 2011.
12 Energy Saving by using Solar Cooling in the Building, Al-barwani
Hakeem, B.Sc. in Architectural Engineering, Heriot-Watt
University,2011.
13 Solar cooling with absorption chillers: Control strategies and transient
chiller performance, Kohlenbach Paul, 2006
14 “Optimized solar cooling facility configurations for the Mediterranean
warm climate” Rafael A. Salgado Mangual, doctoral thesis, 2008.
Universidad carlos iii de madrid
15 KIM Dong-Seon, Solar Absorption Cooling, Master of Mechanical
Engineering, Korea University, Seoul,2007

16 Sharizal Shaik Ahmedullah Integrated solar energy and absorption

cooling model For hvac (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning)
applications in buildings doctoral thesis Michigan Technological
University 2006

17 Dos Santos, An investigation into the thermo fluid design and technical
feasibility of a practical solar absorption refrigeration cycle M. Engg
thesis University of Johannesburg 2008
 18 Li, Zhongfu, Investigation on a solar powered absorption air-conditioning
system with partitioned hot water storage tank, doctoral thesis, University
of Hong Kong 2001

19 Sharizal Shaik Ahmedullah “Integrated Solar Energy and Absorption

Cooling Model for HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning)
Applications in Buildings doctoral thesis Michigan Technological
University 2006

20 Dirk Pietruschka model based control optimization of renewable energy

based Hvac systems PhD Thesis 2010 De Montfort University

21 Tatenda Joseph Bvumbe, An investigation of solar powered absorption

cooling systems for south Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, M S in
Mechanical Engineering 2012

22 Noor Sameer Ali Al Kaab, Performance Simulation of Single- and

Double-Effect Absorption Refrigeration Systems Used for Solar Cooling
Applications, British University in Dubai, Degree of MSc, 2012

23 Martin Ssembatya, performance evaluation of a solar cooling system

In uae – ras al khaimah by both experiment and Simulation, masters in
sustainable engineering, university of gavle.
Sustainable Energy

REPORTS

1. Air cooled solar absorption air conditioning; Final Report May 2005
D.S.Kim and C.A.Infante ferrira.
2. Task 38. Solar Air conditioning and Refrigeration Solar Cooling Position
Paper October 2011.
3. Hitachi Develops Solar Activated air conditioning system. January 5 2011
Parabola trough type solar collector.
4. Design and Optimization of solar Absorption chillers. California Energy
Commission March 2002.
5. Active space cooling systems.
SIMULATION
1. Solar powered absorption cooling systems for southern Africa. Energize-
May 2011 pp [66-68].
2. A new high temperature solar cooling and heating system at Purdue
University Hang, Ruan, Qu. Proceedings of the ASME 2011 IMECE2011.
3. Numerical simulation and performance assessment of an absorption solar
Air conditioning system coupled with an office building. Thomas, Andre.
8th International conference on system simulation in buildings December
2010.
4. Solar cooling in the food industry in Mexico, A strategy for mitigation of
green house gas effect. A ceves, et.al. 2010.
5. Dynamic simulation of complete solar assisted conditioning system in an
office building using TRNSYS, Thomas Andre, July 27-30, 2009.
6. Solar powered absorption systems for southern Africa, Tatenda B vumbe,
f.l. Inambao 2009.
7. Development and experimental investigation of a Novel 10 Kw
Ammonia/water absorption chiller- chilli PSC for Air-conditioning and
Refrigeration systems. Jacob, Spiegel, Pink. 9th International Heat pump
conference 20-22 May Switzerland 2008.
8. Simulation of a solar absorption cooling system with parabolic Trough
collector for sun shine hours. Mehrdad, Naghashzadegan, Javnerdeh. 2005.
9. Simulation of an air cooled solar assisted absorption air conditioning
system Alva, Gonzalez. Solar energy April 21-25, 2001.
10. Thermodynamic Simulation of a solar absorption refrigeration system
generator heat exchanger Bula ET. al., 2000.
11. Simulation and Optimization of a solar driven Air-conditioning
system for a house in chille, Vidal, Escobar et.al, Proceedings of the ISES
world Congress, 2009, pp [844-853].
12. Comparison of control strategies of solar absorption chillers ,Annett
kuhn et.al., Eurosun 2008 1st international congress on Heating & cooling
of buildings – Portugal 2008.
13. Zidianakis, Zografakis, Simulation of a solar absorption cooling
system 2nd PALENC Conference Greece 2007.
14. Simulation of li-br absorption solar cooling system and global
warming impact elimination, Kalogirou and Florides, world renewable
energy congress[WREC 2002]
 15. Solar energy to drive half effect absorption cooling system, Gomri
Rabah , international journal of thermal and environmental engineering.
Vol.i, no.1 [2010] pp [1-8].
16. C. Monné , S. Alonso , F. Palacín , L. Serra, Monitoring and
simulation of an existing solar powered absorption cooling system in
Zaragoza (Spain), International journal of Applied Thermal Engineering 31
(2011) pp [28-35].
17. S.M. Xu, L. Zhang, C.H. Xu, J. Liang, R. Du, Numerical simulation
of an advanced energy storage system using H2O-LiBr as working fluid,
Part 1: System design and modeling, International journal of refrigeration
30 (2007) pp [354 –363].
18. Moncef Balghouthi, Mohamed Hachemi Chahbani, Amenallah
Guizani, Solar Powered air conditioning as a solution to reduce
environmental pollution in Tunisia, Presented at the Conference on
Desalination and the Environment, Santa Margherita, Italy, 22–26 May
2005.European Desalination Society.
19. Moncef Balghouthi, Mohamed Hachemi Chahbani, Amenallah
Guizani, Feasibility of solar absorption air conditioning in Tunisia,
International journal of Building and Environment 43 (2008) pp [1459–
1470].
20. D.S. Kim, Feasibility of a compact heat recovery ventilator module
with an integrated air-cooled solar absorption air-conditioner, International
journal of Thermal sciences, 50 (2011) pp [1604-1614].
21. J.P. Praene , D. Morau, F. Lucas, F. Garde, H. Boyer, simulation of a
solar absorption cooling system, International Scientific Journal for
Alternative Energy and Ecology No. 6 (62) 2008,pp [111-118].

OPTIMIZATION

1. Multi-objective optimization of solar assisted absorption cooling system

Gebreslassie, Jimenez et.al. , Elsevier 2010.
2. Integration of solar energy into absorption refrigerators and industrial
processes Tora, Halwagi, Chemical Engg. Technology. 2010, 33, No.9 pp
[1495-1505].
3. Optimization of operating variable in four absorption cycles using renewable
energy Altamush Siddqui 1990. Aligarh Muslim University.
4. Rabah GOMRI, Development of Intermediate Pressure Correlation for the
Half-Effect Absorption Cooling Chiller, Int. J. of Thermal &
Environmental Engineering Volume 2, No. 1 (2011) pp [35-40].
5. R. Younes, H. Zeidan, H. Harb, A. Ghaddar, Optimal design and
economical study for solar air-conditioning by absorption chillers,
International IIR conference on latest developments in refrigerated storage,
transportation and display of food products, Amman- Jordan, 28-30 March
2005.
6. Gebreslassie, B. H.; Groll, E. A.; and Garimella, S. V., "Multi-objective
Optimization of Sustainable Single-Effect Water/Lithium Bromide
Absorption Cycle" (2012). CTRC Research Publications. Paper 177.

MODELLING
1. Investigation of a Novel solar powered absorption refrigeration system with
solar point collector, Velmurugan. Research journal of chemical sciences
vol. (17), pp [51-56] Oct. 2011.
2. Modelling and analyzing solar cooling systems in Polyson. Seyed Rezaei.
3rd International conference solar air conditioning 2009.
3. Performance evaluation of solar absorption cooling system of Bahal
(Haryana) Mittal et al. Journal of Indian Institute of Science Sep-Oct.2005,
85, pp[295-305].
4. J. Castro, A. Oliva , C.D. Perez-Segarra, C. Oliet, Modelling of the heat
exchangers of a small capacity, hot water driven, air-cooled H2O–LiBr
absorption cooling machine, International journal of refrigeration 31 (2008)
pp [75 – 86].
5. Gustavo R. Figueredo, Mahmoud Bourouis , Alberto Coronas,
Thermodynamic modelling of a two-stage absorption chiller driven at two-
temperature levels, International journal of Applied Thermal Engineering
28 (2008) pp [211–217].
6. Ahmed Hamza H. Ali, Performance of an Absorber with Hydrophobic
Membrane Contactor at Aqueous Solution-Water Vapor Interface, Journal
of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, September 2010, Vol.
2,Transactions of the ASME, pp 031007 [1-9].
7. Manu s et,al, Theoretical Model of Absorber for Miniature LiBr-H2O
Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System International Journal of Modern
Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.2, Issue.2, Mar-Apr 2012 pp[10-17]
 8. S. Samanta , D.N. Basu, Modeling of a solar assisted water-libr absorption
refrigeration system for summer air conditioning of an office room
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Volume 3, Special Issue 3: 2013, Feb 2013, pp[368-375]

PERFORMANCE
1. Masaya Okumiya. et. al., performance analysis of solar thermal assisted air
conditioning system installed in an office building, World renewable
energy congress 2011. Sweden 8-13 May 2011 pp [3977-3984].
2. Cardinale, Economic-environmental performance indexes for solar powered
absorption cooling system in Mediterranean area, International journal of
energy and environment Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2010 pp [573-588].
3. Ahmed Hamza, performance and operational experiences of solar driven
cooling plant after five years in operation. International Journal of Thermal
and Environmental Engg. Vol. 1, No.1 (2010) pp [23-28].
4. Ahmed Hamza, Performance assessment of an integrated free cooling and
solar powered single effect lithium bromide water absorption chiller
solar energy 82 (2008) pp [1021-1030].
5. Asdrubali, An experimental solar cooling system with a small size
absorption chiller, Design and first measurements.
6. Asdrubali et al., Solar cooling with small size absorption chillers: different
solutions for summer air conditioning.
7. Kim, Machielsen, Evaluation of air cooled solar absorption cooling
systems. ISHPC’02 Shanghai, China Sept. 2002.
8. R.Fathi , S.Ouaskit, Performance of a solar Li-Br-Water absorption
refrigeration system Rev. Energy. Ren. Journees de Thermique (2001) pp
[73-78].
9. Ursula Eicker, Dirk pietruschika, design and performance of solar powered
absorption cooling systems in office buildings. Energy and buildings, 41,
pp [81-91], 2009.
10. Sophie mason ET. Al. performance modeling of a solar driven
absorption cooling system for Carnegie mellon university’s intelligent work
place, 2005.
 11. T. Tsoutsos , E. Aloumpi , Z. Gkouskos , M. Karagiorgas, Design of a
solar absorption cooling system in a Greek hospital, International journal of
Energy and Buildings 42 (2010) pp [265–272].

THERMAL STORAGE.
1. Yin Hang, Ming Qu. The impact of hot and cold storages on a solar
absorption cooling system for an office building. International High
Performance buildings conference paper 48.
2. M.Zetzsche, et.al., Solar cooling with Ammonia Water absorption chiller
(Ice Storage), proceedings of 1st international conference on heating,
cooling and buildings Portugal 2008.
3. Z. f.li and k.sumathy, performance of chiller in a solar absorption
airconditioning system with partitioned hot water storage tank, journal of
solar energy engineering. 2001.
4. R. Salgado,Rodriguez,venegas,lecuona, Optimized design of hot water
storage tank in solar thermal cooling facilities 2007.
5. M. Helm, C. Keil, S. Hiebler, H. Mehling, C. Schweigler, Solar heating and
cooling system with absorption chiller and low temperature latent heat
storage: Energetic performance and operational experience, International
journal of refrigeration 32 (2009) pp [596 – 606].
6. S. Rosiek, F.J. Batlles, Performance study of solar-assisted air-conditioning
system provided with storage tanks using artificial neural networks,
International journal of refrigeration 34 (2011) pp [1446 – 1454].
7. K. Edem N’Tsoukpoe, Nolwenn Le Pierrès, Lingai Luo Numerical dynamic
simulation and analysis of a lithium bromide/water long-term solar heat
storage system Energy 37 (2012) PP[346-358]
8. L. H. Alva S., J. E. González, and N. Dukhan solar air conditioning systems
with pcm solar collectors 2002

HEAT REJECTION

1. Carlos Monne Bailo et.al. Analysis of a new dissipation system for a solar
cooling installation. Journal of thermodynamics vol. 2010.
2. Ursula eicker, Dirk Pietruschka, Ruben Pesch, Heat rejection and primary
energy efficiency of solar driven absorption cooling systems, International
 Journal of Refrigeration (2012), Accepted Manuscript. Corrada, Paolo,
Bell, John M., Guan, Lisa, & Motta, Nunzio (2011)
3. Heat reject recovery in solar air conditioning. In Australian Solar Energy
Society 49th Annual Conference : Solar 2011, 30 November - 2 December
,Sydney, NSW

ANALYSIS

1. Amir Falahatkar, M.Khalaji Assadi, Analysis of Solar lithium bromide

water absorption cooling system with heat pipe solar collector. World
renewable energy congress 2011. Sweden.
2. Omer Kaynakli, and Recep Yaman Karadeniz, Thermodynamic analysis
of absorption refrigeration system based on entropy generation. Current
science Vol. 92, Feb. 2007.
3. Yang Hu, Laura Schaefer, Detailed energy and exergy analysis for a solar
lithium bromide absorption chiller and a conventional electric
chillerR134a, Proceedings of the ASME 2011, IMECE Nov. 2011 USA.
pp [1-9].
4. Dieter Boer, et.al., Exergy and Structural analysis of an absorption cooling
cycle and the effect of efficiency parameters, Int. J. of Thermodynamics
Vol. 8 (No.4) pp [191-198] 2005
5. Shun-Fu Lee, S.A.Sherif, Second law analysis of various double effect
lithium bromide/water absorption chillers. 1999.
6. Gomri rabah, solar energy to drive half effect absorption cooling system,
international journal of thermal Environmental Engineering, 2010.
7. Z.F.LI and K. SUMATHY, Analysis of a solar powered absorption
chiller, pp [237 – 241].
8. C. Monne ,S.Alonso, F. Palacın, J. Guallar, Stationary analysis of a solar
LiBr-H2O absorption refrigeration system, International journal of
refrigeration 34 (2011) pp [518 – 526].
9. Umberto Desideri, Stefania Proietti, Paolo Sdringola, Solar-powered
cooling systems: Technical and economic analysis on industrial
refrigeration and air-conditioning applications, International journal of
Applied Energy 86 (2009) pp [1376-1386].
10. J. M. Abdulateef, M. A. ALGHOUL, RANJ SIRWAN, A.
ZAHARIM & K. SOPIAN Second Law Thermodynamic Analysis of a
 Solar Single-Stage Absorption Refrigeration System Models and Methods
in Applied Sciences ISBN: 978-1-61804-082-4 pp [163-168].

EXPERIMENTATION

1. E. Palacios et.al. Evaluation of mass absorption in Li-Br-fan sheets, journal

of Applied Energy 86 (2009) pp [2574-2582].
2. M .Izquierdo et.al, Air-conditioning using an air cooled single effect
lithium bromide chiller: results of a trial conducted in Madrid in August
2005, Journal of Applied Thermal Engg.2007.
3. GOMEZ, Casanova, Garrido, Palomar, Lopez, Paragon, Results of an
experimental study of a solar cooling system in jaen using single effect
lithium Bromide Absorption chiller, ICREPQ,10,Granada [Spain]23rd to
25th march 2010.
4. R. Salgado, Rodriguez, venegas, izquierdo, lecuona, Experimental analysis
of thermal storage tank configuration in a solar cooling installation with an
absorption chiller.2005.
5. González-Gil, M. Izquierdo, J.D. Marcos, E. Palacios, Experimental
evaluation of a direct air-cooled lithium bromide water absorption
prototype for solar air conditioning , International journal of Applied
Thermal Engineering 31 (2011) pp [3358-3368].

6. F. Asdrubali , S. Grignaffini, Experimental evaluation of the performances

of a H2O–LiBr absorption refrigerator under different service conditions,
International journal of refrigeration 28 (2005) pp [489 –497].
7. A. Syed , M. Izquierdo, P. Rodrı´guez, G. Maidment, J. Missenden, A.
Lecuona, R. Tozer, A novel experimental investigation of a solar cooling
system in Madrid, International journal of refrigeration 28 (2005) pp [859 –
871].

PRESENTATIONS

1. Tiwari et.al. Evaluation of solar absorption cooling system NCRAC-2011,

IIT Madras.
2. Hwang Yunho, Heat driven cooling Absorption closed cycles and Machines
January 2010.
 3. Jay Kohler, Future Directions for Lithium Bromide Absorption Chillers,
2003.

WORKING FLUIDS
1. Jasim M.Abdulateef et.al., Solar absorption refrigeration system using new
working fluid pairs, International Journal of Energy, Issue 3, Vol. 1 2007.
2. Antonio De Lucas et.al., performance evaluation and simulation of a new
absorbent for an absorption refrigeration system, International journal of
Refrigeration 27 (2004) pp [324-330]
3. M. Bourouis et.al. Performance of air cooled absorption air conditioning
systems working with water (Libr + LiI + Li No3 +LicL). Proceedings .I
Mechanical Engg. vol. 219 Part E 2005.
4. Antonio De Lucas et.al, Absorption of water vapour into new working
fluids for Absorption refrigeration systems. Ind. Engg .Chem. Res. 2007.
46, pp [345-350].
5. NEMOTO Yasuhide, Various Physical Properties of a Working Liquid for
an Absorption Refrigerator driven by a Solar Collector 2010, International
Symposium on Next-generation Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
Technology, 17 – 19 February2010, Tokyo, Japan.
6. Simona Steiu, Daniel Salavera , Joan Carles Bruno, Alberto Coronas, A
basis for the development of new ammonia–water–sodium hydroxide
absorption chillers, International journal of Refrigeration 32 (2009) pp
[577-587].

MAINTENANCE
1. Design-Operation & Maintenance Chapter D. Training Course on Solar
cooling SOLAIR.
GENERAL
1. Ooshaksaraei, sohif mat, m. Yahya, ahmad mahir razali,
Azami zaharim , k. Sopian, Solar Absorption Aqua-Ammonia Absorption
system simulation base on Climate of Malaysia, RECENT ADVANCES in
APPLIED MATHEMATICS,2009.
2. Lin Wang, Yingying Tan, Xiaolong Cui and Hongli Cui, The Application
of LabVIEW in Data Acquisition System of Solar Absorption
Refrigerator,Energy Procedia 16 (2012) pp[1496–1502].
3. Lin Wang, Aihua Ma, Yingying Tan, Xiaolong Cui, Hongli Cui, Study on
Solar-Assisted Cascade Refrigeration System, Energy Procedia 16
(2012),pp[1503 – 1509].
ABSORPTION

REVIEW.
1. Kalogirou, Recent patents in Absorption cooling systems, Recent patents
on Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 1, pp[58-64].
2. Y.T. Kang,Y. Kunugi,T. Kashiwagi , Review of advanced absorption
cycles: performance improvement and temperature lift enhancement,
International journal of refrigeration 23(2000) pp [388 – 401].
3. Jerko M. LABUS, Joan Carles BRUNO, Alberto CORONAS Review on
absorption technology with emphasis on small capacity absorption
machines 2011
REPORT
1. Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Plants. Transparent Energy systems
Pvt. Ltd.
2. Robert A. Zogg et.al, Guide to developing Air cooled Li-Br Absorption for
combined heat and power applications. April 2005. TIAX LLC.
3. Gas Absorption Refrigeration Carl G. Almen.
www.absreftec.com/appendix A.
4. Geothermal utilization for cooling, k4 RES-H, European geothermal energy
council, 2005.
SYSTEM
1. Dr. Yousif Hassan, Cold from waste energy the absorption system PP [1-
14] 2001.
2. Kevin D. Rafferty, P.E. Chapter 13. Absorption Refrigerator 1996.
3. A. Bhatia, Overview of vapour absorption cooling system. CED.
Engineering. Com. pp [1-42].
THESIS
1. Keith Evan Herold, Thermodynamic properties of lithium bromide/water
solutions with application to an absorption temperature boosting heat pump.
PhD Thesis Ohio state University 1985.
2. Ismail Hilali, An experimental study on absorption refrigeration system by
engines exhaust gas for vehicles, PhD. Thesis Gaziantep University. 2011.
3. Hong xi yin, an absorption chiller in a micro BCHP application: model
based design & performance analysis. 2006.
4. Jesus Castro Gonzalez, Simulation of heat and mass transfer phenomena in
the critical elements of H2O-LiBr absorption cooling machines.
 experimental validation and application to design. Universitat Politecnica
de Catalunya, April 2005.
5. Gutiérrez Urueta, Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Evaluation of Components in
Adiabatic Absorption Systems, universidad carlos iii de Madrid, 2009, PhD
thesis.
6. Kevin a. Goodheart low firing temperature absorption chiller system
master of science (mechanical engineering) university of Wisconsin 2000
7. Jesus Castro Gonzalez, Novel single–double-effect LiBr/H2O absorption
prototype with a highly efficient direct air-cooled adiabatic absorber 2011,
PhD thesis. universidad carlos iii de Madrid
8. Lalit Kumar Bohra analysis of binary fluid heat and mass transfer in
ammonia-water absorption Georgia Institute of Technology PhD thesis
2007

DESIGN CONSTRUCTION
1. Ki-Bong Lee et.al. , Absorption characteristics of Ammonia water system
in the cylindrical Tube Absorber, Korean J.Chem. Engg.19 (1) pp [87-92],
2002.
2. Popisil J.et.al., Working characteristics of small scale Absorption unit with
two cylinder design. WSEAS Transactions on Heat & mass transfer 2009.
3. Kologirou et.al. , Design and construction of a lithium bromide water
absorption refrigerator CLIMA 2000.
4. Paul E. Hufford, Design considerations Installation and operation of the
two stage parallel flow absorption chiller, ESL-HH-84-08-13, 1984.
5. Mani Annamalai, Balamurugan Pasupathy, Numerical Studies on Vertical
Tubular Generator in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System,
International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 1043,
Purdue University.2010.
6. Lee, Sangsoo; Bohra, Lalit Kumar; and Garimella, Srinivas, "In-Situ
Measurement of Absorption Rates in Horizontal-Tube Falling- Film
Ammonia-Water Absorbers: Part I – Measurement Technique" (2008).
International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Paper 913,
Purdue University.
7. Lee, Sangsoo; Bohra, Lalit Kumar; and Garimella, Srinivas, "In-Situ
Measurement of Absorption Rates in Horizontal-Tube Falling- Film
Ammonia-Water Absorbers: Part II – Heat and Mass Transfer Coefficients"
(2008). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference, Paper
914, Purdue University.
 8. Insong lee, keumnam cho, Effect of tube arrangement on the thermal
performance of a high temperature generator of the absorption system ,
journal of thermal science and technology, vol 4, no. 3, 2009.
9. Insong Lee , Keumnam Cho, Effect of the geometry of flattened tube on the
thermal performance of a high temperature generator, international journal
of Refrigeration 32 pp [667-674], 2009.
10. Kim, berman, chau, wood, absorption of water into falling films of
aqueous lithium bromide, International journal of refrigeration vol.18.no.7.
(1995) pp [486 – 494].
11. Marc Medrano, Mahmoud Bourouis, Horacio Perez-Blanco,Alberto
Coronas, A simple model for falling film absorption on vertical tubes in the
presence of non-absorbables, international journal of Refrigeration 26 pp
[108-116], 2003.
12. Jaime Sieres, José Fernández-Seara, Experimental investigation of
mass transfer performance with some random packings for ammonia
rectification in ammonia–water absorption refrigeration systems,
International Journal of Thermal Sciences 46 (2007),pp[ 699–706].

HEAT SOURCE
1. Masheiti, Agnew, Thermodynamic Simulation Modelling of low
temperature geothermal source located in Arid-Zone area North Africa,
Jordan Journal of Mech. Engg. Jan 2010.
2. Martinez et.al. , Performance analysis of an air conditioning system driven
by natural gas, Energy and buildings 35 (2003) pp[669-674].
3. Boatto et.al. , IC Engine waste heat potential for an automotive absorption
A/c Part 2. I mech. E 2000.
4. Valentin Antohi, Patent vehicle AC 1996.
5. A. Lecuona, R. Ventas, M. Venegas, A. Zacarıas, R. Salgado, Optimum hot
water temperature for absorption solar cooling, Solar Energy 83 (2009)
pp[1806–1814].
6. Longo, G. A.; Gasparella, A.; and Zilio, C., "Simulation of an Absorption
Chiller Driven By the Heat Recovery on an Internal Combustion Engine"
(2002), International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper
602, Purdue University.
7. Bouazzaoui, Said; Ferreira, Carlos Infante; Langreck, Jürgen; and
Gerritsen, Jan, "Absorption Resorption Cycle for Heat Recovery of Diesel
Engines Exhaust and Jacket Heat" (2008). International Refrigeration and
Air Conditioning Conference. Paper 911. Purdue University.
 8. Khaled S. AlQdah, Performance and Evaluation of Aqua Ammonia Auto
Air Conditioner System Using Exhaust Waste Energy, Energy Procedia 6
(2011), pp [467–476].

ANALYSIS

1. Palacios Bereche 2009, Thermo economic analysis of a single and double

effect Libr/H2O absorption refrigeration system International Journal of
thermodynamics June 2009.
2. M.Perez de vinaspure et.al, Monitoring and analysis of an absorption air
conditioning system Energy and buildings 36 pp [933-943] 2004.
3. José fernández-Seara, Francisco J. Uhía, Jaime Sieres, Analysis of an air
cooled ammonia–water vertical tubular absorber, International Journal of
Thermal Sciences 46 (2007) pp. [93–103].

4. Satish raghuvanshi, Govind Maheshwari, Analysis of Ammonia –Water

(NH3-H2O) Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System based on First Law of
Thermodynamics, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research Volume 2, Issue 8, August-2011.

5. Nizar Ben Ezzine, Messaoud Barhoumi, Khalifa Mejbri, Ahmed Bellagi,

Second Law Study of Ammonia-Water Double Effect Absorption Chiller,
(2004). International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper
673, Purdue University.

6. J.D. Marcos, M. Izquierdo, E. Palacios, New method for COP optimization

in water- and air-cooled single and double effect Li-Br water absorption
machines, International journal of refrigeration 34(2011) pp [1348 – 1359].

MODELLING

1. Micallef D & C, Mathematical Model of a vapour absorption refrigeration

unit, International journal Simulation Model 9 (2010), 2, pp [86-97].
2. Lansing, Computer modeling of a single stage li-br/H2O absorption
refrigeration unit, JPL deep space network progress report, 42-32, pp [247-
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3. D.S. Kim, C.A. Infante Ferreira, Analytic modelling of steady state single-
effect absorption cycles, International journal of refrigeration 31(2008) pp
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 4. Paul Kalinowski, Yunho Hwang, Reinhard Radermacher, Saleh Al
Hashimi, Peter Rodgers, Application of waste heat powered absorption
refrigeration system to the LNG recovery process, International journal of
refrigeration 32(2009) pp [687 – 694].
5. R. Ventas, A. Lecuona, M. Legrand, M.C. Rodríguez-Hidalgo, On the
recirculation of ammonia-lithium nitrate in adiabatic absorbers for chillers,
Applied Thermal Engineering.2010
6. Jerko Labus et al ANN application to modelling and control of small
absorption chillers First Building Simulation and Optimization Conference
Loughborough, UK 10-11 September 2012

SIMULATION
1. G.Subba Rao, Vemuri Lakshminaryana, Simulation and analysis of biogas
operated double effect GAX Absorption refrigeration system. IJARME,
Vol. 1, Issue -1 2011 pp [14-19].
2. Mojahid Sid Ahmed Mohammed Salih Ahmed, Syed Ihtsham ul Haq Gilani
pp [1-6] Journal of applied sciences 2011 Steady state simulation of a
double effect steam absorption chiller.
3. Sathyabhama and Ashok Babu, Thermodynamic simulation of Ammonia
water absorption refrigeration system, Thermal science Vol. 12 No.3 pp
[45-53] 2008.
4. Ezzine, Nizar Ben; Mejbri, Khalifa; Barhoumi, Messaoud; and Bellagi,
Ahmed, "Thermodynamic Simulation of Ammonia-Water Double Effect
Absorption Chiller" (2004). International Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Conference. Paper 674.
5. C.P. Jawahar , B. Raja, R. Saravanan, Thermodynamic studies on NH3-H2O
absorption cooling system using pinch point approach, International journal
of refrigeration 33(2010) pp [1377 – 1385].

BUBBLE PUMP
1. Chaouachi B., S.Gabsi and idene, A Review of bubble pump Technologies,
Journal of Applied Sciences, 10, pp [1806-1813], 2010.
2. Sam and Susan, Bubble pump design for single pressure absorption
refrigeration cycles, Ac-02-13-2, 2002.
3. Lianying zhang , Yuyuan Wu , Hongfei Zheng , Jingang Guo , Dongsheng
Chen , An experimental investigation on performance of bubble pump with
lunate channel for absorption refrigeration system, International journal of
refrigeration 29(2006) pp [815 – 822].
 4. H.I. Abu-Mulaweh, D.W. Mueller, B. Wegmann, K. Speith, B.
Boehne,Design of a Bubble Pump Cooling System Demonstration Unit,
International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering, Volume
2, No. 1 (2011) pp [1-8].
5. M.Mosa,yuqun,jitao,yattara,ying,wei,jun, Theoretical and experimental
studies on a thermosyphon applied for absorption refrigerator using libr-
H2O as working fluid, Pakistan journal of information and
technology,1(2),pp[118-125],2002.

CRYSTALLIZATION
1. Kai Wang et.al. State of art review on crystallization control technologies
for water/Li-br absorption heat pumps, international journal of
Refrigeration 34 pp [1325-1327], 2011.
2. Padmaja Kisari et.al. , Crystallization temperatures of aqueous lithium
bromide solutions at low evaporation temperatures. 2009.
3 Xiaohong Liao, Reinhard Radermacher, Absorption chiller crystallization
control strategies for integrated cooling heating and power systems,
International journal of refrigeration 30(2007) pp [904 – 911].

TRIPPLE EFFECT
1. Sam V. Shelton et.al. , Modelling and Analysis of the air cooled ammonia
water triple effect cycle 1998.
2. Kiyauki Mori et.al. , Development of triple effect absorption chiller-heater,
Japan gas association. 2000.
3. Clodic, D. and Ciucasu, C., "An Optimized Configuration for the Triple-
Effect Absorption Cycle" (1996). International Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Conference. Paper 347

NOVEL SYSTEM
1. Bouaziz Nahla et.al. , Performance of a water ammonia absorption system
operating at three pressure levels, Journal of Mech. Engg. Research Vol. 3
(4) pp [120-127], 2011.
2. Vicatos George & E.kraftt, Comparison between two different solution
pumping methods in absorption refrigeration machines. Journal of energy
in South Africa, Vol. 21 No.3 pp [16-22] Aug. 2010.
3. Atsushi T. Sujimori, Absorption refrigeration cycle based on capillary
force.
 4. Mao, Y. H., "A New Cycle for Energy Saving of Li-Br Double Effect
Absorption Refrigeration" (1988). International Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Conference. Paper 44. Purdue University.
5. Mihail-Dan N. Staicovici, Co absorbent cycles. Part one: Theory,
International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48 (2009) pp [626–644].
6. Yijian He, Guangming Chen, Experimental study on an absorption
refrigeration system at low temperatures, International Journal of Thermal
Sciences 46 (2007), pp [294–299].

GENERAL
1. Adrian Danila , The absorbents solution flow process, Non parametric
Identification into an absorption chiller for Air conditioning Recent
researches in Neural networks, Fuzzy systems, Evolutionary computing and
automation. pp [140-144], 2010.

2. Maria puig-arnavat, Jesu´s Lo´pez-Villada, Joan Carles Bruno, Alberto

Coronas, Analysis and parameter identification for characteristic equations
of single- and double-effect absorption chillers by means of multivariable
regression, International journal of refrigeration 33 (2010) pp [70 – 78].

3. G. Gutierrez-Urueta , P. Rodrıguez, F. Ziegler, A. Lecuona, M.C.

Rodrıguez-Hidalgo, Extension of the characteristic equation to absorption
chillers with adiabatic absorbers, International Journal of Refrigeration
(2011), doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.10.010

4. J.D. Marcos, M. Izquierdo, R. Lizarte, E. Palacios, C.A. Infante Ferreirae,

Experimental boiling heat transfer coefficients in the high temperature
generator of a double effect absorption machine for the lithium
bromide/water mixture, International journal of refrigeration 32 (2009) pp
[627 –637].

5. H.T. Chua, H.K. Toh, A. Malek, K.C. Ng , K. Srinivasan, A general

thermodynamic framework for understanding the behaviour of absorption
chillers, International journal of refrigeration,23 (2000) pp [491 –507].

6. Albers et al control of absorption chillers by insight ; the characteristic

equation 2005
PERFORMANCE

1. Pedro Juan Martínez, José Manuel Pinazo, A method for obtaining

performance correlations of absorption machines, International Journal
of Thermal Sciences 42 (2003) pp[379–384].
2. Antonio De Lucas, Marina Donate, Carolina Molero, Jose Villasenor,
Juan F. Rodrıguez, Performance evaluation and simulation of a new
absorbent for an absorption refrigeration system, International Journal of
Refrigeration 27 (2004) pp[324–330].
3. G. Gutierrez-Urueta ,P. Rodrıguez ,M. Venegas , F. Ziegler, M.C.
Rodrıguez-Hidalgo, Experimental performances of a LiBr-water
absorption facility equipped with adiabatic absorber, International
Journal of Refrigeration 34 (2011) pp[1749–1759].
SOLAR COLLECTORS

REVIEW

1. Kalogirou soteris, Recent patents in solar energy collectors and

applications, Recent patents on Engineering 2007, 1, pp [23-33].
2. Kalogirou soteris, Solar thermal collectors and applications, Progress in
Energy and Combustion Science 30 (2004) pp [231–295].
THESIS
1. Mahendran A, L moorthy, performance of solar Air-conditioning system
using heat pipe evacuated tube collector, B.E. Report, University Malaysia
Pahang December 2010.
2. Casiano C.Armenta, off peak summer performance enhancement for rows
of fixed solar thermal collectors using reflective surfaces. M.S. Thesis,
University of New Mexico, December 2010.
3. Anshuman Parida, B.E. Thesis, Fabrication and experimental studies of a
hybrid flat plate solar collector for heating pool water. NIT. Rourkela.
REPORTS
1. C.E.Kennedy, Review of mid to high temperature solar selective absorber
materials, NREL July 2002.
FLAT PLATE COLLECTOR
1. Rhushi Prasad et.al., comparison of Tracking and non tracking mechanism
of working model flat plate collector, European Journal of scientific
research vol 52 No.2 pp[156-169], 2011.
2. Bisen Anand, Parametric studies of top heat loss coefficient of double
glazed flat plate solar collectors, MIT International Journal of Mechanical
Engg. Vol. 1 No.2 pp [71-78], Aug 2011.
3. Vairamani, Design and development of zigbee based instantaneous flat
plate collector efficiency measurement system. Measurement science
review volume 11, NO.2, 2011.
4. Rhushi Prasad et.al. , Experiment analysis of flat plate collector and
comparison of performance with tracking collector, European Journal of
Scientific research No/40 No 1 pp [144-145], 2010.
5. Tomas Matuska et.al. , Detailed modeling of solar flat plate collectors with
design tool kolektor 2.2. 11th International conference IBPSA.2009.
 6. Fabio struckmann, Project Report may 08 Sweden, Analysis of flat plate
solar collector.
EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS
1. Siddharth Arora, Thermal analysis of evacuated solar tube collectors,
Journal of Petroleum and gas engg. Vol. 2 (4) pp [74-82], April 2011.
2. Zinian and Ning, A solar absorption Air-conditioning plant using heat pipe
evacuated tubular collectors.1997.

FLAT VS. EVACUATED

1. Singh Amandeep et.al. , comparison of flat and evacuated solar collectors
and analyzing the better one for domestic water heating solar system for the
replacement of electric NCAME-2011.
CONCENTRATING COLLECTORS
1. Daniel Chemisana et.al, Building Integration of concentrating systems for
solar cooling applications. 2nd European conference on Poly generation
2011.
2. Ayadi o. et.al. 434- Solar energy cools milk, eurosun 2008, 1st international
congress on heating cooling and buildings Portugal 2008.
MAINTENANCE
1. Maintenance and operation of active solar heating systems.1990.

SELECTIVE COATING
1. Roro,tile,yalisi,gama,writes,Roberts,forbes, selective solar absorber coating
research at CSIR (south Africa), world renewable energy congress, 8- 13
may 2011, Sweden.
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