82 CHAPTER 4. ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATTER, Plug this into (a) and solve for 0, using ¢ = 1 + x! Xe Xe + xe)/2] Foe + xd), 80 a - v{2— 1 pe edtlee so oS MV Gr Ge eit Oe txO/ eee ey? fs’ exe | (r2 4a?) 2 (T+ (Xe + X2)/' ‘The fotal bound surface charge is 0; = 0540}, few) atte archi (which vanishes, asi should, when XL = Xe). ‘The total bound charge is (compare Eq. 4.51) sear, snce $ +q.2 2 Problem 4.26 Brom Be 45: 0, (r ) _ pfoeen Soil! f harwed (dal Slt (2)f = galamaG-3)*Cr Problem 4.27 Using Eq, 4.55: W = f E%dr. From Ex. 4.2 and Eq. 3.103, RPh (r R) eo (P)?4 og, PAR Wren = (é) a Te co (RP)? fa A Woe = 2(%) [Folds 8+ sin) sina das 5 ee x(RP) ae ole . 2n revs ingae [5 Ten (~ e088 ~ 00°63 (-#) i" _ on ws) 4nRBP? © 80 (SRB) Be We = [2RP 7 This is the corvect electrostatic energy of the configuration, but it is not the “total work necessary to assemble the system,” because it leaves out the mechanical energy involved in polatizing the molecules. = }JD-Edr. For r < R, D = eB, sa this contribution is the same as before Por <8, D = @E+P = -}P +P = 2P = ~20B, so }D-E = ~2$E7, and this contribution is now (2) (32228) = —$¢ F*, exactly cancelling the exterior term, Conclusion: [Woy = 6.] This is not surprising, since the derivation in Sect. 4.4.3 calculates the work done on the free charge, and in this problem there is no free charge in sight. Since this is a nonlinear dielectric, however, the result cannot be interpreted as the “work necessary to ascemble the configuration” —the latter would depend entirely on how you assemble it, Problem 4.28 First find the capacitance, as a function of fr Air part: B= 2, 9 V aii Oil part: D= BL + B= BL Vv = Bin(o/ay, } Q=NK+ ACh) = erMh ANAC = Mer — Wht C= Axe +O), where € is the total height, Ga Da HO, 9 Oech 40 V > Bln(bja) 7 = 2" In(o7a) ” ‘The net upward force is given by Eq. 4.64: F = £V24E = L244, } peta The gravitational force doun is F = mg = px(¥? ~ a)gh = ob a?)gin(b/a)”98 CHAPTER 5. MAGNETOSTATICS Problem 5.34 a (a) m= Ja =[InR?z. bo In? ane (0) Be (2c0s68-+ sina d) (©) On the z axis, 0=0,r = 2% (for 2 <0, 0 =, # = ~2, so the field 2 (for z > 9}, s0| B= is the same, with J? in place of 2°). ‘The exact answer (Bi 8.8) Teduces (for = 3 R) to B ~ pol R?/2e), so they agree Problem 5.35 For a ring, m= Inr®, Here I + ovdr = owrdr, so m= fi" xr2our dr =[rowR*/4, Problem 5.36 ‘The total charge on the shaded ring is dg = o(2n Resin #)R db. ‘The time for one revolution is dt = 2n/ws. So the current, inthe vagis = A= oof? anda. Te eno the tng is m(Rsin8)®, so the magnetic moment of the ring is dm (owR? sin 6 d8)x R? sin? 9, and the total dipole moment of the a shell is a eo ‘a ms owe ff sin? 649 = (4/3)ounRt, or|m = Zouk ‘The dipole term in the multipole expansion for ATs There- pS wodn ogsind = pawh! sind 5 fore Aap = $2 owns Sn! S82 64, which is also the ezact potential (Eq, 5.67); evidently a spinning sphere produces a perfect dipole field, with no higher multipole con- Problem 5.37 Fhe field of one side is given by Eq. 5.35, with » + JF GTAP and sin By = ~ sind = Perea patel ‘To pick off the vertical tr ESTO component, multiply by sing = cee for all four sides, multiply by 4: |B For > w, Bx MEG. The field of a dipole [m = Tu? for points on the 2 axis (Eq. 5.86, with r -+ 2,8 2,0=0) is wmey ane Problem 5.38 ‘The mobile charges do pull in toward the axis, but the resulting concentration of (negative) charge sets up an electric field that repels away further accumulation. Equilibrium is reached when the electric repulsion on a mobile charge q balances the magnetic attraction: F = g{E + (v x B)] = 0 + E = —(v xB). Say the currentChapter 6 Magnetostatic Fields in Matter Problem 6.1 1 N =m) x By; Bi = 2255 [3(my -#)F — mu N= HOT g xa) = ET, Hetem, = 7a", mg = HT, So|N downward] (—2). Problem 6.2 dP = [dl x B; dN =r x dF = Ir x (dl x B). Now (Prob, 1.6): r x (dl x B) + dl x (Bx r) + BX (rx dl) = 0. But d{r x (r x B)] = dr x (r x B) +1 x (dr x B) (since B is constant), and dr = dl, s0 dix (BX 1) = rx (dl x B) — dir x (x BY}. Hence 2r x (dl x B) = d[r x (r x B)] - B x (r x dl) dN = 31 {alr x (rx BY) —B x (rx dl}. -. N= AT {fale x (r x B)) ~ B x f(r x dl)}. But the first cerm is zero (fd(-+-) = 0), and the second integral is 2a (Bq. 1.107). $0 N = -/(B x a)=mx B._ ged Problem 6.3 0 <- According to Ba. 6.2, F = (Bleut}t=m! and Beosd Ex (acim -#)6- 9) — m9), EG = sing, while my -F = myc0s®. -, Beosd = #2 53m, sind cas. F = 2x Rit 3m, sin 0086, Now sing = #, cos = VF=TB/r, 90 F But [Rx = ma, so F = 2mm, ~2ZEe, while for a dipole, R R). Boundary Conditions: te Win Ro) = Waye(Ri6), Gi) —BHem |, + ial, = Mi = Mb = Mood, (The continuity of W follows from the gradient theorem: W(b) - W( ithe wo points are ninesinally separated, this ast integral-+ 0.) { (= AR = fhe > B= RA, ti) Ba al gPe none) + Evarb Acoso Combining these: SW dle ~ [Hat Moasd. 1 = $0 A= and 34, = x Tersye noe Ar=0 (141), and 341 = Mx Ay = 2 Thus Win (8) = Mrcosd = he, and hence Hip = -WWin = B= poll18 CHAPTER 6. MAGNETOSTATIC FIELDS IN MATTER r Problem 6.16 Hdl I;,. =1,s0H= ‘Total enclosed current, for an amperian loop between the cylinders: volt Xl gy 14 Kelosa = (14 xm) vo fBed= Halene = Holl + Xm)F => B = HOE Problem 6.17 From Eq. 6.20: fH -dl = H(2as) = Jy tigee (sa). ca (s a). (<0) pep = bs3}. Beat In = XmIz (Eq. 6.33), and J, (same direction as 1). Kp MX f= XmH xi >| Ky (opposite direction to 1). 2na Solea?) + Ko(2na) = xml = Xm = [0] (as it should be, of course). Problem 6.18 ” By the method of Prob. 6.15: For large 7, we want B(r,) + Bp = Bo2, oH = LB + 1892, and hence W > -2Bor = 2: Bor cos “Potentials” { Wialr.8) = Arr! Pi(cos8), (<2); Woult6) = Bor cosd +3 zB Pi(cos6), (r > R). Boundary Conditions: { (i) Win(R,8) = Wous(R,9), (i) a Ge + HG a = O. (Phe later follows from Eq. 6:36.) (i) > 0 Zersconds Dis nggear(on] + nS tae Pi(cos8) = For 11, (i) => By = R*+4Ay, so (pol! +1) + ulJArR'~! = 0, and hence Ay = 0. 1) ALR = —LBoR+B,/R?, and (il) + Bo-+2aBy/R° + Ay = 0, 80 Ay = ~3Bo/(2p0 +1) 3a Boe 3Bo By Win(r,8) ros 6 = WW. = a on (8) = ase a Bo) = Gin +) ** Banta) — a 3HBo OO Bot i)Chapter 7 Electrodynamics Problem 7.1 (2) Let @ be the charge on the inner shell. Then E = ;3~ $7 in the space between them, and (Vs ~ Va) = = BBete= ake ff har = 85 (2D oe fedex o8 = 2 ntsl¥e- Ve) We [temo [etenod = 5 it - [ae tae 11). () R= (2 iy] T=[ae (a7) | (©) For lange b (8 > a), the second term is negligible, and R = 1/4rca, Baccnally all of the eistance isin the region right around the inner sphere. Successive shells, as you go out, contribute less and less, vecause the cross-sectional area (4xr?) gets larger and larger. For the two submerged spheres, R= z2- = sil; (one Ras the current leaves the fist, one Ras it converges on the second). Therefore = V/R=[2 Problem 7.2 ~ ~ (@) V = Q/C = IR, Because postive I means the charge on the capacitor is decreasing, a 1 ‘ine 7p, 0 [Q{H) = Ove" | cl FEA © Ul) = QoeH!F°, But Qo = Q(0) = C¥o, 90 [Q(t) = C¥oe™*/** | Hence I(t) = -4 [% (0) = [ei] he enya oe storie [Pe Vg (_RC ra YE (_RC_-njac\|” _ Loya ( ~ )f 3eve. v a [Crna= 8 [rma 1 cw poedeee) REO Boy = at = In(Q— CV) = — Fat + constant + Qlt) = CV + hew"/ME. But Q(0) = 0 > & = ~C¥o, s0126 CHAPTER T. ELECTRODYNAMICS ngs tom batons: [rat = ME [ eecar — (-rcerv0e) | (a) Energy from battery: [vor at = [™ e-wean = 48 (-rcerv ee) Since [(t) is the same as in (a), the energy delivered to the resistor is again “xo =[ova, CV§.| The final energy in thie capacitor is also [TCG] so [half] the energy from the battery goes to the capacitor, and the other half tose eestor. Probiem 7.3 (a) 1 = [J-da, where the integral is caken over a surface enclosing the positively charged conductor. But J = oF, and Gauss’s law says JE-da = 2Q, 90 1 =o fE-da = £Q. But Q = CV, and V = IR, s0 = £01R,o[n= 2] aed (b) Q@ = CV =CIR = 4B = -1 =~ feQ | At) = Que“ /"° |, or, since V = Q/C, V{t) = Voe“#/FO. The time constant sr = RC =[eole] Problem 7a T= J(e)2eab = J(s) = I/2x0b. Bs JJo = [)2xeab = 1/2nkl. ye- [rs a Ve eee a aED Froblem 75 é a ER dP veri PPR Grape aR =). So Serta Rs Gee Problem 7.6 : Edi = [z270] for all electrostatic fields. It looks as though € = $ E- dl = (o/eo)h, as would indeed bie the case if the field were really just 9/9 inside and zero outside, But in fact there is always a "fringing ficld” at the edges (Fig. 4.31), and this is evidently just right to kill off the contribution from the left end of the loop. The current is [72F0.] Problem 77 (@) € =~ = -pif Biv; € = IR (Never mind the minus sign—it just tells you the direction of flow: (v x B) is upward, in the bar, so downward through the resistor.) (o) P= 18 As (0) Fem |v = wer Rt (@) The energy goes into heat: in the resistor. The power delivered to resistor is PR, so a, BPE gate, wrereas 2, H— mage-ot aa BE gem, whmeas AE, Me amage The total energy delivered tothe resistoris W = amug fe ?tdt = amug17 (7 Problem 7.8 (a) The field of long wire is B= MO! 6, 50 & [ea a= tat [too [0 EE). Ins or Js A (S ao ale dg (2 _ a st ds gy mola (_1_ds_1ds\_{ pole wee P= S ge (42) am Gone 98 ag Ga) [mera ‘The field points out of the page, 30 the force on a charge in the nearby side of the square is f0 thé right, In the far side it's also to the right, but here the field is weaker, so the current flows | counterclockwise. (6) This time the lux is constant, so [E Problem 7.9 Since V-B boundary tine, |, Theorem 2(c) (Sect. 1.6.2) guarantees that fB-da is the same for all surfaces with a given Probiem 7-10 © =B-a=Bo?cosd — Here @ = wt, so B ame i (view from above) Bo?(~ sinwt) Problem 7.11 €=Bly downward: 2». This opposes the gravitational force y= upward magnetic force = IIB dy Be Gaon aw, where a=. g—au=0> 4 At 90% of terminal veloc t ~at; In 10 = at; 1n10, of | tang, = “E10 10, wom =F Now the numbers; m= 4qAl, where 1 is the mass density of aluminum, A is the cross-sectional area, and Lis the length of a side. = 4I/-Ac, where o is the conductivity of aluminum. So p= 28x 10-° 2m AnAlgAt “= Aoeer T toon = LEW in(.0) = [28 ms. fF the loop were cut, it would fall freely, with acceleration 9. $0 vy = OMe sYe.tatoy2.8-10-%128 cc Problem 7.12 o=n(%)'B 2 TE conus) €= HF = ™ Byusin(et). 110) = CHAPTER 7. ELECTRODYNAMICS db _ ra! rate =| Tp Bo sin(ut). palo Problem 7.13, a= [reas [ee [parm thee. €= Problem 7.14 pipe—-| falling __| magnet Suppose the current (1) in the magnet flows counterclockwise (viewed from above), as shown, so its field, near the ends, points upward. A ring of pipe Below the magnet experiences an increasing upward flux, as the magnet, approaches, and hence (by Lena's law) a current (Jiqq) will be induced in it such as to produce a dounward flux. Thus lina must flow clockwise, which is opposite to the current in the magnet. Since opposite currents repel, the force on the magnet is upward. Meanwhile, a ring above the magnet experiences 1a decreasing (upward) flux, so its induced current is parallel to Z, and it attracts the magnet upward. And the flux through tings nezt to the magnet is constant, so ne current is induced in them. Conclusion: the delay is due to forces exerted on the magnet by induced eddy currents in the pipe. Problem 7.15 In the quasistatic approximation, B = { r a wont, {8 a). Inside: for an “amperian loop” of radius s .a: & = Bra? yon? dl a 2s dt pontna®; Ens = —yonna® Problem 7.16 {a) The magnetic field (in the quasistatic approximation) is “circumferential”. This is analogous to the current in a solenoid, and hence the field is [longitudinal (b) Use the “amperian loop” shown. 0, so here B= 0 (like B outside a solenoid. = Beda el, Outside, So fEvdl= Bl = #240 In (3) sof = #2! sot) n (2) But = = —Iowsinwt,co ie oo 129 Problem 7.17 (a) The field inside the solenoid is B = onl. So @ = na®yonl = € = —x0 pon(al/dt) In magnitude, then, € = xa2jonk, Now £ = I-R, 0| Iresistor = 7 pont B is to the right and increasing, 90 the field of the loop 1 to the lef 0 the current is counterclockwise, or to the right, through the resistor. oi oo Dra pont AQ= FAG, in magnitude. So [ag = “A tent, () Ad = 27a ponli woaln2 dt “a Oe de” Problem 7.18 a= [0 The field of the wire, at the square loop, is out of the page, and decreasing, so the field of the is current must point out of page, within the loop, and hence the induced current flows Problem 7.19 ant} In the quasistatic approximation, B = {e oe (Bq, 5.58). The flux around the toroid is therefore juced (inside toroid); (outside toroid) Qa dt ta di Dna . BN Vay = HONE n(1¥2) woNhw, d® _ poNhw al _ toNhwk ‘The electric field is the same 5 the magnetic field of a circular current (Eq. 5.38): with (Bq. 7.18) py _1dd __Nhwk -2( Nhwk ; faa tre” SE Fara) eran? i _Nhwke_, + PP Problem 7-20 (a) From Bq. 5.38, the field (on the axis) is B = 44 Ge" rs7ed, so the flux through the little loop (area wa*) a worl’? (i + (b) The field (Eq. 5.86) is B = 42 9 (2cos6# +sin6), where m = Ina?. Integrating over the spherical “cap” (bounded by the big loop and ceniered at the litle loop): a te, f° cos sind b= [peda= BEE [ercosaye? sin@ d0.d6)130 CHAPTER 7, ELECTRODYNAMICS 2 intel? where r= VFF2 and sind = b/r. Evidently @ = Halts! sista . = 7 M2 none (0) Dividing off 1 y= Miala, Bz = Mer): [ha = Ma = sop ae Probie TH a a MG Me le It’s hard to calculate M using a current in the little loop, 59, exploiting the equality of the mutual inductances, T'll find the flux through the little Joop when a current J flows in the big loop: = MJ. The field of one long wire is B= $2! = 8, = #2! J" Lads = Hl? ina, so the total fux s pafain _ garb, = Halen? , yy monn? in magnitude Direction: The net Hux (Uhrough the big loop), due to Fin the litle loop, is into the page (Why? Field lines point in, for the inside ofthe little loop, and out everywhere ouside the litte Toop. The big loop encloses all of the former, and only part of the latter, so net Aux is snuard) "This fux is increasing, go the induced current in the big loop is such that is eld points out of the page: it Rows [counterclockwise Problem 7.22 B = pon! = 4, = ponte? (fox through a single turn). In a length 2 there are nl such turns, s0 the total ux 6 = won eR'ML. The selfinduetance is given by @ = LI, 30 the sel-inductance pet unit length is = porta Problem 7.23 ; The field of one wire is By = $24, so = 2. mh -1'f = lin (454). ‘The € in the numerator is Jigible (compared to d), but in the denominator we cannot let ¢—+ 0, else the flux is infinite ee tol In(d/e)|- Evidently the size of the wire itself is critical in determining Z. Problem 7.28 a (o) Inthe quasistatie approximation B= £23, So, = 4 f° Ende = Hal inc) Ni ‘This is the flux through one turn; the total fux is N times &: = MN in(a/a)ia cos(ut). So 2 4 _ oN (4 « 10-7)(10°)(0~ 6 =F = ONE neyfoyfavsin(ot) ae 1n(2)(0.5)(22 60) sin(ut) aaa _ _ _& _ 261 x10-¢ = [2.61 x 1074 sin(ut)] (in volts), where w = 29 60 = 377/s. Ir = Fy = oy — sinlwt) = [5.22 x 10-7 sin (wt) | (amperes). (b) & =~ 5 where (Eq. 7.27) L= e9Q228 jn(bfa) = 42*10-7)120")00"*) jn (9) = 1,39 x 1078 (hensies). ‘Therefore € = —(1.39 x 107*)(5.22 x 1077 w) cos(wt) = [=2.74 x 10-7 cos(ae) | (volts).131 2.74 x 10-7 Ratio of amplitudes: F220 = [1.05 x 1 Problem 7.25 ‘With I positive clockwise, £ = -L4! = Q/C, where Q is the charge on the capacitor; I = 42, so £2 = —1hQ = -w°Q, where w = yhg. The general solution is Q(t) = Acoswt + Bsinut. At t = 0, Q=CV, s0 A= CV; I(t) = 9 = —Ausinut + Businut. At t=0, 1 =0, so B=0, and creas Em (Gi) If you putin a resistor, che osilation is “damped”. This time -L4f = 9 +1R, so L494 R42 +3Q For an analysis of this case, see Purcells Blectrcity and Magnetism (Ch. §) of any book on ostillations and waves Problem 726 (@) W = BLP. L= pon?a RPL (Prob. 7.22) |W = yon PUP (b) W =} §(A- Dal. A = (wont/2)R4, at the surface (Bq, 5.70 oF 5.71). So Ws = 54 RI-2eR, for one turn, There are nl such turns in length I, 30 W = hyon®x REL, ¥ (©) W = pz fB%dr. B = ponl, inside, and zero outside; far = xR, so W = ouin?l?eR't = Suon®a RPT. v (a) W = ph; [[ BP dr — §(A x B) da). This time [B? dr AXB =O outside (at 6 = 5), Inside, A = Mad (at AX B= Lidn® Tag x ) a(t) 13n?P?n(R2 — 02). Meanwhile, @), while B= gn! 2 points inward (*out” of the volume) : . £ §(A x B) -da = Uhugn* a8) -jadp de(—a)] = “hug? PaP2e, — —— ip W = ahs [pbn2 a(R a2) + un? ?xa*l] We Problem 727 = - = = pont, -al Pdr = 1 pemil? B= Fe Y= Ig | P= ig ae? z= Hatain(e/a)| (came as Ba. 727) Problem 7.28 = — Bs h= D(2rs) = polne = pal(o7/R*) > B = HFS, 1 BP fF a wll 548 pol 2 _ 1, paper Peanytds = TaD = get = ee Ho/8r,] independent of R! Ht Problem 7.29 dt at (a) Initial current: fy = &/R. So -L5, = IR3 F ee [oma % (132 CHAPTER 7. ELECTRODYNAMICS (6) Wo = $L13 = § (fo/R)”. Problem 7.30 (a) By = 2 H(A) fay. ‘The flux through loop 2 is then ~ ay}, since m: $= By a= BE nila Yan) ayaa] = Mh. [M = 28-190 8)(aa +4) — 1 - a (0) & =—83, ME), = Eh = Mh 9R. (This is the work done per unit time against the mutual emf in loop 1—hence'the minus sign.) So (since It is constant) Wi = MIif2, where Iz is the final current in loop 2: Ww = ASfatm: «(m2 -4) ~ my «me ‘Notice that this is opposite in sign to Eq. 6.35. In Prob. 6.21 we assumed that the magnitudes of the dipole moments were fied, and we did not worry about the energy necessary to sustain the currents thersselves—only the energy tequired. to move them into position and rotate them into their final orientations. But in this problem we are including it all and it isa curious fact that this merely changes the sign of the answer. For ‘commentary on this subtle issue sce R. H. Young, Am. J. Phys. 66, 1043 (1998), and the references cited there. Problem 7.31 The displacement current density (Sect. 7.3.2) is Je radius s, = shy #. Drawing an “amperian loop” at = Hols? pols B= Freat) [B= ano Problem 7.32 wes Os, 2 2 7 0) Hane = Jan? % fe = Holige > B2R8 = pol > B =| Hag, () A surface current flows radially outward over the left plate; let 1(s) be the total current crassing a circle of radius s. The charge density (at time ¢) is _ =H = Ho a(t) Since we are told this is independent of s, it must be that J ~ [(s) = 8s, for some constant 9. But I(a) = 0, 50 fia? = I, or f= I/a?, Therefore I(a) = 1(1 ~ s*/a"). 2 es Bins = Hole = poll 110) = woop 9 [B= Es4.] v Problem 7.33 ae Holo (a) J. ae cos(ut) In (a/s) 2. But Zos0s(wt) = I. So B90 HEAT In(a/s)2 ()le= [ae-aa= Meet ff viotoyansds) = neo [(stoa~sinsyés Sino + 2] = wacow*s [Gta gia +] =| Howat = poeou"t [(Ina) $ —