Majest TKD Study - PDF Version - V123

1
The most recent version of these notes can be downloaded at http://dropcanvas.com/7viem or via http://poomsae.me
Most of this information is also available at http://taekwondo.wikia.com
Please send suggestions or corrections to jim.northrup@outlook.com 10/14/16
10/14/16 2
Jim’s Study Notes
Table of Contents
• Introductory Material …………………………….…………….. page 3
– Getting ready for the first classes at Majest
– Korean vocabulary Flash Cards
• Color Belt Forms and Questions ……………………..…… page 11
– Kibon poomsae diagrams and test questions ……….…. page 14
– Taeguek poomsae diagrams and test questions ……… page 23
• Black Belt Forms ………………………………………..……….. page 41
• Palgwae Forms ..…………………………………….….……….. page 53
• Appendix ……………………………………………..……………… page 63
– Fun facts about Taekwondo
– Korean language and Hangul
– Additional Information
Disclaimer, Credit, and License
§ I am not affiliated with Majest Martial Arts, other than being a student there
§ These notes are my personal study notes. I make them available to other taekwondo students
in hopes that they find them useful.
This material is made available under the Creative Commons Share-alike (SA) license.
taekwondo.wikia
Derivative works of this material may be freely distributed, but only under this same license.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
The most recent version of this study guide can be downloaded at http://dropcanvas.com/7viem
or via http://poomsae.me. These study notes also served as the basis for my contributions to
http://taekwondo.wikia.com
Please send comments, suggestions, or corrections Jim Northrup jim.northrup@outlook.com
Many thanks to the Masters and Instructors at Majest Martial Arts for teaching me taekwondo!
10/14/16 3
Majest Martial Arts - Sterling
Beforeyour First Class
• When you sign up for Majest classes, you will be offered various Tips for Parents
pricing options…of course pick the one that’s right for you
• At that time you will also be sold a uniform and two flag patches
(a USA flag and a South Korean flag). You should have these
patches stitched onto the shoulders of the uniform, preferably
before your first class if possible Often your child’s uniform will have legs that are too long for the
• The USA patch goes on the right shoulder, about one-half inch child:
beneath the uniform’s shoulder seam, on the center of the arm • One option is to simply roll up the cuffs. For pants especially, that
can be a problematic solution, as the cuffs will invariably roll
down during practice. For tops it’s less of a problem
• Another option is to hem the cuffs, or have them hemmed. In the
same shopping center as Majest Sterling, there is a dry cleaner
(next to Giant) or a tailor shop (across from Starbucks) that you
can have sew patches and hems as well, if you don’t want to do
the sewing yourself
• Likewise the Korea patch goes on the left shoulder, red-side up, • A third option that also seems to work okay is to use fabric tape
also about one-half inch beneath the uniform’s shoulder seam, on to make a semi-permanent hem.
the center There are many brands of fabric tape, some
Make sure the Korean work by having you briefly iron the tape
flag is red-side-up between layers of fabric, in this case the
hem of the pants. It’s fast, it’s easy, and you
can always pull the fabric apart and re-tape
the hem as your child grows. You can find
• At your first class at Majest, you start with “no belt” (not even fabric tape at most craft shops (such as
white) – during the first class you will learn some basic skills that Michaels) and at fabric shops
typically allow you to earn your first belt, the white belt. That is • If your student plans to take taekwondo classes three or more
why the uniform you purchased does not include a belt at the times per week, at some point you might want to invest in a
time of purchase second uniform, so that one can be worn while the other is being
• Even though you don’t have your first belt yet, you might want to washed
watch some videos on the Internet that teach you how to tie your
taekwondo belt
10/14/16 4
Do-Jang Etiquette and Traditions
• Always arrive to class on-time, ready to practice • Remember, no shoes in the practice area!
• Just before the start of class, remember to grab your student card – Note: You can’t see it from the main lobby, but there’s a shoe cubby
from the card holders on the wall (just outside the practice area) and just inside the practice area, underneath the counters. You can put
carry it with you out onto the practice floor as you line up for class shoes there, or find some other place out-of-the-way to store your
• When lining-up for class, high-belts line up on the first row, and then shoes. What you don’t want to do is block the entry to the practice
lower belts line up behind them, with the lowest belts in the last row area by placing shoes there
• When the master who is teaching says to do something, do it quickly • Class usually begins with stretching and and a warm-up
with a nice loud “Yes Sir!” or “Yes Ma'am!” • During stretching, students are expected to count off in Korean. Most
• When the master says to sit, sit fast! Normally this means sit criss- stretches are done to an 8 count: “hana, dool, set, net, dasut, yasut,
cross with good posture and your arms at rest on your lap. When he or ilgop, yadul”
she says to stand, stand quickly! • After stretching, there is usually more calisthenics and exercises (“P.T.”),
• Some of the younger students especially might sometimes slouch or followed by the actual lessons
lay down on the floor when they’re supposed to be sitting; when the • The lessons vary: some days you practice poomsae, some days you
instructors say to sit, students should be sitting, not laying down practice kicking combinations, etc.
• One should bow whenever one enters or leaves the practice area • At the end of class, bow as per the master’s instructions, and the master
• It’s also traditional for students to bow as they enter the front door of will usually conclude the class by leading the group in the “Majest chant”
the school (though people frequently forget this part)
What do the different colored uniforms mean?

Black Belt Club /
A typical taekwondo uniform is white. Poomsae Team
Black Belts will black trim on their white uniforms.
At Majest Martial Arts, other uniform colors are used as well though:
• The Majest Demo Team has black uniforms with yellow trim. The demo team
performs at special events.
• Members of the Black Belt Club and members of the Poomsae Team practice in blue Leadership
Team
uniforms. These students sign-up for longer term commitments to study taekwondo. Demo Team
• The Leadership Team has red uniforms with black trim. Members of the Leadership
Team are fellow students who assist the instructors as needed. These students attend
special leadership classes.
10/14/16 5
Homework Tips
Tips for Parents More Helpful Tips:
• Some of the belt-test questions include learning some Korean
vocabulary. Making a set of flash cards can often make this
memorization easier. (There’s a set of cut-out flash cards later in
this deck.)
• Homework is important. At home you can:
• When trying to learn new poomsae, there are many helpful
– Memorize the answers to test questions
videos on the Internet to watch. In fact, Majest has its own set of
– Memorize poomsae (forms) videos! Go to the Majest website (bemajest.com) and click on
– Practice stretching Curriculum at the top of the webpage.
• Memorizing poomsae can be hard! Here’s a tip for younger • There are also many poomsae instruction books available for sale
children especially, to help children remember their poomsae: try on the Internet, such as at Amazon.com
having your child perform the poomsae using any posable action Generally speaking, I mostly
figure. This is especially useful for helping the child to remember followed Complete Taekwondo
the pattern of turns and footwork in the poomsae Poomsae when making the
diagrams in this study guide.
• When trying to learn how to pronounce taekwondo vocabulary

words, there are also helpful resources on the Internet that speak
the words aloud for you, for instance at
http://quizlet.com/7798433/taekwondo-vocabulary-flash-cards/
• Note: when transcribed into a Western alphabet, many
taekwondo vocabulary words may be transcribed differently. For
example, “keu-man” might also be written as “ko-mahn”
10/14/16 6
More Tips: Online Resources
Helpful Websites Interesting Facts:
Different Schools – Different Belt Colors
As previously mentioned, the Majest website really has everything Different taekwondo schools use somewhat different colors schemes for belts.
you need to help you with homework. Just go to the Majest website Here are a few examples:
(bemajest.com) and click on Curriculum. This study guide does have Gup Majest Belt Color Examples of Other Schools Majest Poomsae
some extra diagrams and notes that are not on the website though.
10 th Kibon Hana
Don’t forget to check out the Majest page on Facebook too:
https://www.facebook.com/majestmartialartssterling
9 th Kibon Dool
You can also find videos, diagrams, detailed instructions and more at 8 th Kibon Sat
the taekwondo wiki (which I built from these study notes!)
http://taekwondo.wikia.com. The style of taekwondo we study at 7 th Taegeuk Il Jang
Majest is commonly known as WTF-style, but it is also called
Kukkiwon-style or Olympic style…so when you get to the wiki or 6 th Taegeuk Yi Jang
other websites, make sure you click on the link for WTF-style.
5 th Taegeuk Sam Jang
Quizlet is a website for making flashcards on a variety of topics.
Quizlet has a nice set of flashcards for basic taekwondo vocabulary. 4 th Taegeuk Sa Jang
Don’t forget to click on the little “speaker ” icon to hear how each
word is pronounced. 3 rd Taegeuk Oh Jang
• http://quizlet.com/7798433/taekwondo-vocabulary-flash-cards/
2 nd Taegeuk Yook Jang
Still having trouble pronouncing Korean phrases? On the iPhone, the 1 st Taegeuk Chil Jang
nemo Korean app is one good app for learning how to pronounce
common Korean phrases. Tip: Don’t discard your old belts. You might need them if you ever compete in a
• https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/nemo-korean- tournament. For example, a Blue Belt at Majest might be a Green Belt at a
complete/id487077621?mt=8 tournament, because the tournament sponsor uses a different belt scheme.
flash-cards/
http://quizlet.com/7798433/taekwondo-vocabulary-
See also
Uniform Form
Flash Cards
Taekwondo Vocabulary
Uniform
Taekwondo Vocabulary Form
Flash Cards Do-Bok Poomsae

Cut along the red lines (“DOO-bok” – the D is like a DT, the bok almost
(“POOM-say”)
Fold along the dotted lines sounds like balk)
Bow Flag End
Flag End
Bow
Kuk-Ki Keu-Man
Kyung-Nye
(memory aid: “go man” means stop J – the K is soft,
(“kook kee” – almost look cookie, but with two very
(“KYUNG-yay”) like a cross between k and g, the o-sound is almost like
distinct syllables, kook…kee)
an oo, “kgoo mahn”)
Attention taekwondo School Begin
Attention taekwondo School Begin
Cha-ryeot Do-Jang Shi-jak

(“chay-rye-OTE” almost like chariot – the final t should
(“DOH-jang”) (“SHEE-jawk” – with soft j, hard k)
be hard)
Master Ready Majest Sterling’s Master
Master Ready
Majest Sterling’s Grandmaster
Sa-Bum-Nim Joon-Bi
Master Seung Min Choi
(“JUNE-bee” – the J sound is like a cross between J and
(“sah bum neem”)
CH)
Thank you Return to ready position Yell
Thank you Return to ready position Yell
Kamsamnida Baro Kihap

(kahm SAH ham Nee dah; this is a very formal form of
(BAH roe) (KEE-hop)
thank you in Korean, like “thank you sir”)
Basic Form High Section Middle Section
Basic Form High Section Middle Section
Kibon Poomsae In Joong Myung Chi

(KEE-bahn POOM-say) (memory aid: “m” is for “middle” section)
(to someone staying)
Low Section How are you?
Goodbye!
How are you?

Goodbye! (to someone staying)
Low Section
Ahn Nyung
Ha Sim Nee Ka Ahn Nyung Hee Kei
Nang Sim
Sheep See Yo
(memory aid: “ha sim” sounds a bit like “awesome,”
How are you? I’m ha sim - awesome!)
Bonus Vocabulary (not on Majest tests): Ahn Nyung Hee Ka Sheep See Yo
Kamsamnida – the most formal version, “thank you sir” He’s

(to someone leaving) Gomapseumnida – less formal, used to show respect leaving in See you,
but to people with whom you are more familiar the car Sheep!
Goodbye! Gomawo – the most informal, “thanks!”
Cheonmanimnida – formal “you’re welcome”
Kwenchana – informal “you’re welcome”
Anieyo – also used for “you’re welcome,” like ”no need
to thank me”
Bonus Vocabulary (not on Majest tests):

Goodbye! (to someone leaving) 11 ~ yaul hanna 21 ~ sew mool hanna
12 ~ yaul dool 22 ~ sew mool dool A Korean vocabulary knock-knock joke…
Ahn Nyung Hee Ka 13 ~ yaul set etc.
14 ~ yaul net “Knock knock!”
Sheep See Yo 15 ~ yaul dasut 30 ~ so roon Who’s there?
16 ~ yaul yasut 31 ~ so roon hanna “Toodle!”
17 ~ yaul ilgop etc, Toodle who?
(memory aid: “he gets in the car to leave” – “hee ka”) 18 ~ yaul yadul “Toodle-oo! Ahn Nyung Hee Ka Sheep See Yo!”
(“see you” – see yo) 19 ~ yaul ahop 40 ~ ma hoon
20 ~ yaul yaul 50 ~ sheen
10/14/16 11
Majest Martial Arts
Curriculum Overview
Level Majest Belt Majest Poomsae Steps Lines * Trigram Trigram Meaning Belt Philosophy Kicking Combination Breaking
8 (short version) ap chagi, ap chagi,
10th Gup Kibon Hana (1) Focus Hammer Fist
20 (full version) nae-reo chagi
8 (short version) ap doolyo chagi, ap chagi,
9th Gup Kibon Dool (2) Respect Axe Kick
20 (full version) yidan ap chagi
8 (short version) ap doolyo chagi, yeop chagi, Jump Front Snap
8th Gup Kibon Sat (3) Consistency
20 (full version) yidan yeop chugi Kick
balun bal, ap doolyo chagi,
7th Gup Taegeuk Il Jang (1) 18 Sky Goal Setting Side Kick
na-rea chagi
ap doolyo chagi, na-rae chagi,
6th Gup Taegeuk Yi Jang (2) 18 Strong Mind Self-Control Jump Side Kick
dwi chagi
balun bal, ap doolyo chagi,
5th Gup Taegeuk Sam Jang (3) 20 Fire Loyalty Back Kick
ju-go dwi chagi
balun bal na-rae chagi,
4th Gup Taegeuk Sa Jang (4) 20 Thunder Cooperation Tornado Kick
ap doolyo chagi, dool gae chagi
balun bal, ban-dal chagi,
3rd Gup Taegeuk Oh Jang (5) 20 Wind Enthusiasm Back Hook Kick
dool-gae ban-dal chagi
ap doolyo chagi, dool-gae chagi,
2nd Gup Taegeuk Yook Jang (6) 23 (19**) Water Perseverance Jump Back Kick
dwi chagi
ap doolyo chagi, dool-gae chagi, Jump Back Hook
1st Gup Taegeuk Chil Jang (7) 25 Mountain Confidence
ap doolyo chagi, hwe chook Kick
ap doolyo chagi, dool-gae chagi,
Bo Dan Taegeuk Pal Jang (8) 24 (27**) Ground Responsibility Four Stations
hwe chuk, ju-go hwe chook
1st Dan I Koryo 30 Wise Elder -- a taekwondo master should be wise, learned
represent the qualities of a taekwondo master

2nd Dan II Keumgang 27 The floor-pattern lines of the Black Belt forms Diamond Mountain -- a taekwondo master should be strong, unbreakable (like diamond)
3rd Dan III Taebaek 26 Sacred Mountain -- a taekwondo master should be spiritual
IIII Pyongwon 21 Fertile Plain -- a taekwondo master should be peaceful
IIIII Shipjin 28 Eternal Ten -- a taekwondo master should be healthy and long-lived
IIIIII Jitae 28 Earth -- should be self-reliant, grounded, leaving a lasting legacy
IIIIIII Chunkwon 26 Sky -- a taekwondo master should be pious and humble
IIIIIIII Hansoo 27 Water -- a taekwondo master should be adaptable, like water
IIIIIIIII Ilyeo 23 Oneness -- a taekwondo master should be harmonious with the world
* The floor patterns as shown here are “upside down” compared to conventional diagrams, because these diagrams “start at the bottom”. ** Some schools use a different numbering
The Trigram Meanings hint at how you should perform the poomsae. For instance, your movements in Taegeuk Yook Jang should be fluid, like water. scheme for steps (shown in parentheses)
Bo-Black
Majest Martial Arts Red Belt
Right Roundhouse (ap doolyo chagi 앞돌려차기 )
Right Tornado Kick (dool-gae chagi 돌개차기 )
Color Belt Right Roundhouse (ap doolyo chagi 앞돌려차기 )
Right Tornado Kick (dool-gae chagi 돌개차기 )
Right Back Hook Kick (hwe chook)
Left Jump Back Hook Kick (ju-go hwe chook)
Left Roundhouse Kick (ap doolyo chagi 앞돌려차기 )
Kicking Combinations Right Back Hook Kick (hwe chook)
then put foot down to ready

Brown Belt
Skip Left Roundhouse (balun-bal 빠른발 )
Right Target Kick (bandal chagi)
Right Tornado Target Kick (doolgae bandal chagi)
then pivot left to ready
Blue Belt
Skip Left Roundhouse (balun-bal 빠른발 )
Right Roundhouse (ap doolyo chagi 앞돌려차기 ), then pivot right
Right Jump Back Kick (ju-go dwi chagi)
Super-Brown Belt
Right Roundhouse
(ap doolyo chagi)
Right Tornado Kick
Super-Blue Belt (doolgae chagi)
Skip Left Axe Kick Left Back Kick
(balun-bal nae-ryeo chagi) (dwi chagi)
Right Roundhouse then hop to ready
Right Tornado Kick
then pivot left to ready
Purple Belt
Left-Right Double Roundhouse (na-rae chagi 나래차기 ), then pivot left
Green Belt Left Back Kick (dwi chagi 뒤차기 ), then hop to ready
Left Skip Roundhouse (balun-bal 빠른발 )
Left-Right Double Roundhouse (na-rae chagi 나래차기 ), then pivot left to ready
Orange Belt
White Belt Left Side Kick (yeop chagi 옆차기 ), put the left foot down, then step with the right foot, then jump off the left foot
Right Front Kick (ap chagi 앞차기 ) Right Jump Side Kick (yidan yeop chagi 이단옆차기 ), then pivot left to ready
Left Front Kick (ap chagi 앞차기 ) Yellow Belt
Right Axe Kick (nae-ryeo chagi 내려막기 ) Right Roundhouse (ap doolyo chagi 앞돌려차기 )
then pivot left to ready Left Front Kick (ap chagi 앞차기 ), put the left foot down, then step with the right foot and jump off the right foot
Right Jump Front Kick (yidan ap chagi 이단앞차기 ), then pivot left to ready
10/14/16 13
Starting with step four, your hands move forward, away from your body
then back beside your waist at step six
Cha-ryeot One sir Two sir Three sir Four sir Five sir Six sir
“Attention” Legs stay just as Left foot moves Fists snap down to Fists cross in front Left foot steps move down beside
they are, fists move away from right waist, palms still of you, arms away from right waist, palms up,
Hands at side, up against chest, foot, to shoulder inward outstretched with a foot, so that you’re elbows bent back
palms inward palms inward distance, with very slight bend at the in a “horse riding and tucked in…then,
against legs, feet slight bend at the elbows, left wrist stance” “kihap” (YELL!)
together, knees knees on top of right wrist
straight
“Six Step” Form You learn this form on your first day of class at Majest
10/14/16 14
Poomsae Steps Lines* Majest Level Majest Belt
KIBON FORMS Kibon Hana (1)

8 (kid’s version)
20 (full version)
10 th Gup
Kibon: the first three poomsae that you learn at Majest 8 (kid’s version)
Kibon Dool (2) 9 th Gup
20 (full version)
Interesting Facts: Kibon Sat (3)

8 (kid’s version)
8 th Gup
20 (full version)
The Names of Basic Forms
At Majest Martial Arts, the first three forms are Taegeuk Il Jang (1) 18 7 th Gup
called “kibon poomsae” meaning “basic form.”
Some schools use a different phrase kicho hyung Taegeuk Yi Jang (2) 18 6 th Gup
(also spelled kicho hyeong) which also means “basic form.” At
Majest, three basic forms are taught: Kibon Hana, Kibon Dool, and Taegeuk Sam Jang (3) 20 5 th Gup
Kibon Sat.
Taegeuk Sa Jang (4) 20 4 th Gup
After the Kibon forms, students at Majest learn Taegeuk forms.
While the Kibon forms may vary from school to school, the Taegeuk Oh Jang (5) 20 3 rd Gup
Taegeuk forms are standard throughout the world, at any
Kukkiwon / World Taekwondo Federation (WTF, aka Olympic-style) Taegeuk Yook Jang (6) 19 2 nd Gup
taekwondo school.
Taegeuk Chil Jang (7) 25 1 st Gup
Taegeuk Pal Jang (8) 27 Bo Dan
Koryo 30 1 st Dan I
The “Lines” of a Poomsae
In the table at right, the third column is labeled Keumgang 27 2 nd Dan II
“Lines.” The term Lines is used to denote an
overhead representation of the poomsae floor Taebaek 26 3 rd Dan III
pattern. For example, all the Kibon poomsae take place on two
lines of movements. In my diagrams, the bottom line is always the Pyongwon 21 4 th Dan IIII
starting line:
Shipjin 28 5 th Dan IIIII
2
Jitae 28 6 th Dan IIIIII
1 Chunkwon 26 7 th Dan IIIIIII

The Two Lines of Kibon Hana
Hansoo 27 8 th Dan IIIIIIII
* My versions are “upside down” compared to what you normally see, because I start my
Ilyeo 23 9 th Dan IIIIIIIII
poomsae diagrams at the bottom each page.
10/14/16 15
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current White Belts to advance to Yellow Belt
All answers must be completed with SIR! Q. Can you count ten in Korean?
1 ~ Hanna
Q. What do we learn at this school? 2 ~ Dool
A. taekwondo, SIR! 3 ~ Set
4 ~ Net
Q. What is taekwondo? 5 ~ Dasut
A. A Korean Martial Art, SIR! 6 ~ Yasut
7 ~ Ilgop
Q. What does taekwondo mean? 8 ~ Yadul
A. Tae ~ means foot or kicking, 9 ~ Ahop
Kwon ~ means hand fist or punching, 10 ~ Yaul
Do ~ means art or way, SIR!
Q. Terminology
Q. What is your master ’s name? Attention ~ Cha-ryeot
A. Master Seung Min Choi, SIR! Flag ~ Kuk-Ki
Bow ~ Kyung-Ye
Q. What is the philosophy behind the white belt? Ready ~ Joon-Bi
A. Focus, SIR! Master ~ Sa-Bum-Nim
Form ~ Poomse
Uniform ~ Do-Bok
The WHITE-to-YELLOW BELT TEST consists of: Begin ~ Shi-jak
• The questions on this page taekwondo School ~ Do-Jang
• Kibon Poomsae Hana (“basic form one”) End ~ Keu-Man
• Kicking combination: ap chagi, ap chagi, naeleo chagi
(front snap kick, front snap kick, axe kick – “chagi” means kick)
• Break a board with Hammer Fist (“focus, confidence, strike!”)
Kibon Hana
8. Step forward to Right Front Stance, right Punch. Kihap. Then step back
11. Right Front Stance, with the left foot to turn 270 to the left, so that you’re facing right.
16-step version right Low Block.
12. Left Front Stance, left Low

Block. Then step left with the
left foot to turn 90 to the left.
9. Left Front Stance, 10. Right Front Stance, right Punch.

13. Left Front Stance, left Low Block. Then step right with the right foot to
left Low Block. turn 180 to the right.
7. Step forward to Left Front

Stance, left Punch.
14. Right Front Stance,

right Punch.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Kibon_Hana
6. Step forward to Right Front

Stance, right Punch.
15. Left Front Stance,

left Punch.

left Low Block.
16. Right Front Stance, right Punch.

Kihap. Baro then end.
Then step right with

the right foot to turn
180 to the right. 4. Step forward to Left Front Stance,
left Punch. Then step left with the left foot
Joonbee
to turn 90 left.
2. Step forward to Right Front 1. Left Front Stance, Then step left with 3. Right Front Stance,
Stance, right Punch. left Low Block. the left foot. right Low Block.
10/14/16 17
Ready for the Next Belt? Belt Tests!
• At Majest, when you earn four stripes on your belt, that indicates that On Testing Day:
you’re ready for the belt test to obtain your next belt. • Each color of belt has a designated testing time, so for example all
– One of the stripes shows that you’re ready for the “board breaking” the Yellow belts show up at the same time for testing
part of the test
• Just as in a normal lesson, all the students line-up on the dots on
– Another stripe shows that you’re ready for the “kicking
the floor, facing the judges at the judging table
combination” part of the test
– Another stripe shows that you’ve memorized the poomsae for the • If there are many students, testing is done row by row. For
test example, all the students in the first row might stand up and do
– The final stripe shows that you’re proficient at that poomsae their poomsae together
• Testing takes place about once a month, near the end of the month. • Students are called individually to answer a few questions
Fill-out and turn-in the test application before test day, then show up randomly selected from the set of questions associated with that
for test day. Each belt color has a designated test time. color belt (so it pays to learn the answers to all the questions)
– If you are not able to attend the belt test, for an optional additional
fee you can usually choose to take the belt test after testing day. In Award Ceremony:
this case, the instructors pull you out of class for a few minutes
during class (or before or after class) in order to test you • Once you have earned your new color-belt, you do not receive
the new belt until the next award ceremony, usually the Saturday
• Even though belt tests take place once a month, a good rule-of-thumb
is that (on average) it should normally take at least six weeks (or at least morning after testing day
15 lessons) to advance from one belt to the next. • At the award ceremony, students sit in line by color (white belts in
• Once you have your yellow belt, you can attend sparring lessons. one line, yellow belts in another line, etc.) and are called up in
Sparring lessons require that you purchase appropriate sparring gear. lines to receive their new belts
Sparring is considered a central part of the “sport” of taekwondo. • If you’re not able to make it to the award ceremony, the
• Belt tests at Majest usually include a combination of: instructors can give you your new belt at your next class
1. memorizing poomsae (“forms”) • After the award ceremony, there’s usually a pot-luck celebration!
2. learning kicking combinations
3. breaking boards, and
4. knowing the answers to predefined questions (you are told the
questions and answers well ahead of time, so that you may study
them)
5. sparring
6. for children, reviewing home and school report cards
10/14/16 18
Yellow Belt…Ready for Sparring!
• WTF-style Taekwondo is considered a sport; in fact, it’s an Tips
Olympic sport! Sparring is considered a central aspect of WTF
Taekwondo
• Sparring is actually a lot of fun too, and it’s an amazing cardio
workout!
• Once you have a color belt (yellow or higher) you can purchase • Men and boys: be sure to wear a cup when sparring. The cups
sparring gear from Majest and attend sparring classes sold by Majest are designed to be worn outside the uniform, but
• Sparring classes begin just like normal classes: stretching and “pt.” some students prefer to wear inside cups
Then a water break while everybody puts on their sparring • Some students put on their arm and leg guards before class, so
gear…then sparring!
that those are worn during the stretching and calisthenics – this
saves time when it comes time to put on the rest of your sparring
More About Sparring (for those who are interested):
gear
• During sparring classes at Majest, points are not usually tallied.
In a real taekwondo competition of course, points would be tallied. • For the chest guard (called a hogu), some students prefer to fit it
Here are some typical scoring rules:
– One point for a kick or punch that hits your opponent’s torso
and then leave it tied – they get somebody to help them put it on
• The kick must use the foot below the ankle, not a kick using the shin or knee over their head and pull it off over they’re head when they’re
• The punch must be with the knuckles, not with the side of the hand done. This too saves time, and ensures a consistent fit
• Kicking or punching the back (spine) is not allowed
• Punching the head is not allowed
• Kicking or punching below the waist is not allowed
– Three points for a kick that involves a spinning technique (until recently, it used to
be just two points)
– Three points for a kick that hits the head – note that sparring classes at Majest do
not allow hits to the head
– Whichever opponent has the most points after two or three rounds (depending on
the rules of the match) wins
– Penalties:
• Grabbing, holding, pushing, or throwing your opponent
• Attacking with the knee or leg (not the foot)
• Targeting hits below your opponent’s waist
• Turning your back on your opponent to evade
• Punching your opponent’s back, face, or head
• At the Olympics, prolonged inaction by one of the sparrers is also a penalty
• Two penalty warnings normally results in a one point deduction
10/14/16 19
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Yellow Belts to advance to Orange Belt
All answers must be completed with SIR! Q. Why do we test?

A. We test to further our knowledge of taekwondo through test
Q. Why do we yell while practicing taekwondo? preparation and test experience, to gain confidence by performing
A. To develop spiritual strength with concentration, power and under pressure, and to let a qualified judge determine the increase of
confidence, SIR! my knowledge, SIR!
Q. What is a bow? Q. What is the name of your poomse?

A. The bow is a Korean form of greeting, SIR! A. Ki Bon Dool, SIR!
Q. Why do we bow? Q. How many movements are in your poomse

A. We bow to show sincerity and respect, SIR! A. 16 movements, SIR!
Q. When do we bow? Q. What is the philosophy behind the yellow belt?

A. We bow to the flags when we enter the DOJANG. We bow to the A. Respect, SIR!
Master and Instructor anytime and anywhere we see them. We bow
to a higher-level belt and fellow taekwondo students anytime and
anywhere we see them, SIR!
The YELLOW-to-ORANGE BELT TEST consists of:

• The questions on this page
• Form: Kibon Poomsae Dool (“basic form two”)
• Kicking combination: apdoolyo chagi, ap chagi, yidan ap chagi
(roundhouse kick, front snap kick, jump front kick)
• Breaking: Axe Kick
10/14/16 20
Kibon Dool 8. Right Front Stance, right High Punch. Kihap.
Then step back with the left foot to turn 270
16-step version left, so that you’re facing right.
11. Right Front Stance, 9. Left Front Stance,

right Low Block. left Low Block.
12. Left Front Stance, left High 10. Right Front Stance, right High
Punch. Then step left with the left Punch. Then step right with the right
foot to turn 90 left. foot to turn 180 right.

left Low Block.
left High Block.

right High Block.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Kibon_Dool

right High Block.

left High Block.

left Low Block.
16. Right Front Stance, right High
Punch. Kihap. Baro then end.
4. Left Front Stance, left High

2. Right Front Stance, Punch. Then step left with the
right High Punch. Then step right left foot to turn 90 left.
with the right foot to turn 180 right.
1. Left Front Stance, Joonbee
left Low Block. Then step left with
right Low Block.
the left foot.
10/14/16 21
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Orange Belts to advance to Green Belt
All answers must be completed with SIR! Q. Why do we test?

A. We test to further our knowledge of taekwondo through test
Q. How do you make power in taekwondo? preparation and test experience, to gain confidence by performing
A. Power is made by weight and speed together with relaxation, under pressure, and to let to a qualified judge determine the increase
concentration and confidence, SIR! of my knowledge, SIR!
Q. Where are the three attack points when you punch or kick? Q. What is name of your poomse?
A. High Section ~ In Joong A. Ki Bon Sat, SIR!
Middle Section ~ Myung Chi
Low Section ~ Nang Sim, SIR! Q. What is the philosophy behind the Orange belt?
A. Consistency, SIR!
Q. Why are there different colored belts?
A. The increase in knowledge and ability is symbolized by the
darkness of the colors in the belt as one advances, SIR!
Q. How do you say in Korean: “How are you”, “Goodbye” to someone

staying, and “Goodbye” to someone leaving?
A. Ahn Nyung Ha Sim Nee Ka (How are you)
Ahn Nyung Hee Kei Sheep See Yo (Goodbye to someone staying)
Ahn Nyung Hee Ka Sheep See Yo (Goodbye to someone leaving),
SIR! The ORANGE-to-GREEN BELT TEST consists of:
• Form: Kibon Poomsae Set (“basic form three”)
• Kicking combination: apdoolyo chagi, yup chagi, yidan yup chagi
(roundhouse kick, side kick, jump side kick)
• Breaking: Jump Front Snap Kick
10/14/16 22
Kibon Set 8. Step again into Horse Stance, and right
Side Punch. Kihap. Then step with the left
16-step version
foot to turn 270 left.
10. Left Back Stance, right 8. Right Back Stance,

Outside Block. left Outside Block.
12. Left Front Stance, left
Punch. Then step left 9. Right Front Stance, right Punch.
with the left foot to turn Then step right with the right foot to
90 left. turn 180 right.

left Low Block.
7. Step forward with the left foot to turn 180,
again into Horse Stance, and left Side Punch.
14. Horse Stance, right
Side Punch.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Kibon_Set

6. Step forward with the right foot so that
you’re facing left into Horse Stance, and right
Side Punch, looking to your right.
15. Horse Stance, left

Side Punch.

16. Horse Stance, right Side Punch. left Low Block.
2. Step forward to Right Front

4. Left Front Stance, left
Stance, right Punch. Then step
right with the right foot to turn Punch. Then step left with the
left foot to turn 90 left.
180 right.
1. Right Back Stance Joonbee 3. Left Back Stance (right foot

(i.e., left foot forward), Then step left with forward) right Outside Block.
left Outside Block. the left foot.
10/14/16 23
Poomsae Steps Lines Majest Level Majest Belt
3 8 (kid’s version)
Kibon Hana (1) 10 th Gup
20 (full version)
2
8 (kid’s version)
20 (full version)
1
The Three Lines of Taegeuk Il Jang 8 (kid’s version)
Kibon Sat (3) 8 th Gup
20 (full version)
TAEGEUK
Taegeuk Il Jang (1) 18 7 th Gup
Taegeuk Yi Jang (2) 18 6 th Gup
Taegeuk Sam Jang (3) 20 5 th Gup
FORMS Taegeuk Sa Jang (4)
Taegeuk Oh Jang (5)

20
20
4 th Gup
3 rd Gup
Taegeuk Yook Jang (6) 19 2 nd Gup

The Three Lines of Taegeuk Forms
In my table at right I’ve highlighted (in blue) only parts of the lines of Koryo 30 1 st Dan I
each poomsae, to show how the left-right up-down pattern actually
works. Using Taegeuk Il Jang as an example: on the starting line at Keumgang 27 2 nd Dan II
the bottom, you first go left then right. On the second line, you first
go right then left, etc. I’ve highlighted my symbol to represent those Taebaek 26 3 rd Dan III
directions:
On the top line you go left first
Pyongwon 21 4 th Dan IIII
On the middle line you go right first

On the bottom line (the starting line) you go left first. Shipjin 28 5 th Dan IIIII

Keep in mind that my version of the “lines” is “upside down”
compared to many conventional versions you’ll see on the Internet
Chunkwon 26 7 th Dan IIIIIII
and in books, because I start my poomsae diagrams at the bottom of
each page, not at the top as is usually done.

10/14/16 24
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Green Belts to advance to Purple Belt
All answers must be completed with SIR! Q. What is name of your poomse?
A. Tae Guk il Jang, SIR!
Q. Can you explain the meaning of the white belt?
A. The white belt signifies purity of knowledge of taekwondo, SIR! Q. How many movements are in your poomse?
A. 18 movements, SIR!
Q. In what countries did taekwondo, Karate and Kung Fu come from?
A. taekwondo is from Korea Q. What is the philosophy behind the green belt?
Karate is from Japan A. Goal Setting, SIR!
Kung Fu is from China, SIR!
Q. Why do you control in free sparring?

A. To demonstrate mental discipline, physical control of ourselves,
and to build self-confidence that indicates a strong mind, SIR!
Q. What part of the foot do you use with these kick?

A. Front Snap Kick? ~ Top of the foot (instep)
Round House Kick? ~ Top of the foot (instep)
Side Kick? ~ Knife of the foot (side with heel)
Back Kick? ~ Heel of the foot
Back Hook Kick? ~ Heel or bottom of the foot
Axe Kick ~ Heel of the foot, SIR! The GREEN-to-PURPLE BELT TEST consists of:
• Form: Taeguk Il Jang (“sky”)
• Kicking combination: balunbal, apdoolyo chagi, narae chagi
(skip roundhouse kick, roundhouse kick, double roundhouse)
• Breaking: Side Kick
10/14/16 25
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Green Belts to advance to Purple Belt
Kung Fu - China Taekwondo - Korea Karate - Japan
Majest Martial Arts

Taegeuk Il Jang
16a-b. Left Kick, Left Punch.

Then step with the left foot to
the right to turn 90 right.
15. Walking Stance,
11-12. Right Front Stance; right High Block.
right Low Block, left Punch. Then step 17. Left Front Stance, left
with the left foot to turn 90 left. Low Block.
13. Walking Stance,

left High Block. 18. Step forward into right
14a-b. Right Kick, right
Punch. Then step right Front Stance, then right
with the right foot to Punch. Kihap. Baro then end.
turn 180 right.
8. Step forward into Walking Stance,

Right Punch. Step left with
the left foot to turn
180 to the left.
7. Walking Stance,
Inward Block.
5-6. Left Front Stance; left Low Block,

right Punch. Then step with
the right foot to turn right. 4. Step forward into Left
10. Walking Stance, Walking Stance, left Punch.
Right Punch. Then step right Then step left with the left
9. Walking Stance,
with the right foot to turn right. foot to turn left.
Inward Block.
3. Right Walking Stance, Right Low Block.
Joonbee
Then step left with the left foot to turn left into Walking Stance.
1. Left Walking Stance, Left Low Block.

2. Step forward into Right Walking Stance, right Punch.
Then step right with the right foot to turn 180 to the right.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taegeuk_Il_Jang

10/14/16 27
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Purple Belts to advance to Blue Belt
A. Tae Guk Ei Jang, SIR!
Q. What is a POOR STUDENT?
A. A POOR STUDENT is lazy, has no focus, and expects results without Q. How many movements are in your poomse?
sweat, SIR! A. 18 movements, SIR!
Q. What is a GOOD STUDENT? Q. What is the philosophy behind the purple belt?
A. A GOOD STUDENT has the desire to learn and achieve goals, SIR! A. Self-Control, SIR!
Q. What is an EXCELLENT STUDENT?

A. An EXCELLENT STUDENT not only learns techniques but gains
expressive ability, accepts hard work and sweat, realizing results
come from practice, SIR!
Q. What is a BEST STUDENT?

A. A BEST STUDENT never gives up trying to learn what he or she
needs to learn until it becomes second nature, both in technique and
attitude, SIR!
The PURPLE-to-BLUE BELT TEST consists of:

• Form: Taeguk Yi Jang (“strong mind”)
• Kicking combination: apdoolyo chagi, narae chagi, dwi chagi
(roundhouse kick, double roundhouse kick, back kick)
• Breaking: Jump Side Kick
Taegeuk Yi Jang 13. Left Walking Stance, right Inward Block.
Also spelled Taegeuk Ee Jang Then pivot 180 to the right.
14. Right Walking Stance, left Inward Block. 9. Walking Stance, right
Then step left with the left foot into Low Block
Walking Stance. 11-12. Walking Stances with High
10a-b. Left Front Kick,
Blocks. Then move the left foot back
and around to turn 270 to the left. then left Front Stance
with left High Punch.
Then step left with the
left foot to turn left
into Walking Stance.
15. Left Walking Stance, left

Low Block.
5-6. Walking Stances

with Inward Blocks.
7. Then step left into Walking

Stance, left Low Block 4. Left
Front
8a-b. Right Front Kick, then right 3. Right Walking Stance,
16a-b. Right Kick-Punch. Front Stance with right High Punch. Stance, right Low left Punch.
(i.e., Front Kick into a Then step right with the right foot to Block. Then step
Walking Stance) turn 180 to the right into Walking Joonbee left with
Stance. Then step left with the the left
left foot to turn left. foot.
1.
Left Walking Stance, left Low Block.
2.
17a-b. Left Kick-Punch. Right Front Stance, right Punch. Then step right with the right foot to turn
right 180 into Walking Stance.
Memory tip: this form

ends with three Kick-
Punch combinations.
18a-b. Right Kick-Punch.

Kihap. “Baro” then end.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taegeuk_Ee_Jang

10/14/16 29
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Blue Belts to advance to Super Blue Belt
A. Tae Guk Sam Jang, SIR!
Q. What are the Ten Commandments of taekwondo?
A. Be loyal to your country. Q. How many movements are in your poomse?
Be a good son or daughter to your parents. A. 20 movements, SIR!
Be faithful to your spouse.
Be on good terms with your brothers and sisters. Be loyal to your
friends. Q. What is the philosophy behind the blue belt?
Be respectful to your elders. A. Loyalty, SIR!
Respect and trust your teachers.
Never retreat in battle.
Always finish what you start, SIR!
Q. Can you explain the reason why you practice “one-on-one”

sparring?
A. We practice one-on-one sparring to develop effective offensive
and defensive skills, control of distance, precision, speed and
reaction, SIR!
The BLUE-to-SUPER-BLUE BELT TEST consists of:

• Form: Taeguk Sam Jang (“fire”)
• Kicking combination: balunbal, apdoolyo chago ju-go dwi chagi
(skip roundhouse, roundhouse kick, jump back kick)
• Breaking: Back Kick
Taegeuk Sam Jang
12. Right Walking Stance, 13-14a-c. Repeat the first line: Low
left Middle Block. Then Block, Kick, right-left double Punch.
step left with the left Then step right with the right foot to
foot to turn 270 to the turn 180 right into Walking Stance.
15-16a-c. Continue to repeat the first left.
line: Low Block, Kick, left-right Double
Punch. Then step left with the left foot
to turn 90 left.
17a-b. Left Low Block,

right Punch. 11. Left Walking Stance,
right Middle (i.e., inward)
Block. 10. Slide the right foot forward and pivot
into Front Stance, then left Punch. Then
step left with the left foot to turn left.
9. Back Stance,
Knifehand Block.
8. Slide the left foot
forward and pivot to 7. Back Stance,
Front Stance, Punch. Knifehand Block. 5-6. Walking Stances
Then pivot 180 to with Knifehand Strikes.
18a-b. Right Low the right.
Block, left Punch.
19a. Left Front Kick.

19b. Left Low Block. 4a-c. Kick, double
19c. Right Punch. Punch. Then step
3. Right left with the left
Low Block. foot to turn 90 left.
Joonbee
20a. Right Front Kick. Then step left with the left foot to turn left into Walking Stance.
20b. Right Low Block. 1. Left Walking Stance, left Low Block.
20c. Left Punch. 2a. Right Front Kick.
2b-c. Right Front Stance, right-left
Double Punch. Then step right with
the right foot to turn right 180 into
Memory tip: this form concludes with:
• Block Punch
Walking Stance.
• Block Punch
then:
• Kick Block Punch For complete written instructions see
• Kick Block Punch http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taegeuk_Sam_Jang
10/14/16 31
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Super-Blue Belts to advance to Brown Belt
A. Tae Guk Sa Jang, SIR!
Q. What is the meaning of the American Flag?
A. There are thirteen stripes on the American Flag, which represent Q. How many movements are in your poomse?
the original thirteen colonies. The stars represent the 50 states of our A. 20 movements, SIR!
nation. The colors stand for:
Red ~ Courage, War and Blood Q. What is the philosophy behind the super blue belt?
White ~ Truth, Freedom and Purity A. Cooperation, SIR!
Blue ~ Justice, Loyalty and Ambition, SIR!
Q. Why do you practice breaking techniques?

A. We practice breaking techniques to develop power, precision,
Concentration, and to actually test the effectiveness of various
techniques, SIR!
The SUPER-BLUE-to-BROWN BELT TEST consists of:

• Form: Taeguk Sa Jang (“thunder ”)
• Kicking combination: barumbal naerea chagi, apdoolyo chagi,
dool gae chagi
(skip axe kick, roundhouse kick, tornado kick)
• Breaking: Tornado Kick
Taegeuk Sa Jang
9. Right Back Stance, left 10a. Right Front Kick. Then put the right
Outward Block. foot back down behind the left foot, into
8b. Left Back Stance, a Back Stance.
rightward Double Knifehand Block.
Then step the left foot to turn left. 10b. Right Back Stance, right Middle (i.e., inward) Block.
Then pivot 180 to the right.
11. Left Back Stance, right
Outward Block.
12b. Left Back Stance, left
Middle Block. Then step left
with the left foot to turn 90 left. 7. Left Side Kick.
8a. Right Side Kick.
13. Left Front Stance, Swallowform
Knifehand Strike. 6b. Right Front Stance, left Punch.
14a. Right Front Kick.
14b. Right Front Stance, right 6a. Right Front Kick.
Backfist Strike. Then step left with
the left foot to turn left. 5. Left Front Stance,
Swallowform
15. Left Walking Stance, left Middle Block. Knifehand Strike.
16. No step, right Punch. Then pivot 180 to
the right.
3. Double Knifehand Block.

4. Supported Spearhand Thrust.
Then step left with the left foot
to turn 90 left.
Joonbee
Then step left with the left foot to turn left.
17. Right Walking Stance, 1. Right Back Stance, leftward Double Knifehand Block.
right Middle Block.
18. No step, left Punch.
Then step with the left foot to 2. Step forward into right Front Stance, right Supported Spearhand Thrust.
turn left. Then step right with the right foot to turn 180 right.
19a-c. Left Front Stance, left Middle
Block, right-left Double Punch.
20a-c. Right Front Stance, right

Middle Block, left-right Double
Punch. Kihap. Baro, then end.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taegeuk_Sa_Jang
10/14/16 33
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Brown Belts to advance to Super-Brown Belt
All answers must be completed with SIR! Q. What is the name of your poomse?
A. Tae Guk Oh Jang, SIR!
What are the five points to remember when doing forms?
A. 1. You must first chamber before executing a block. Q. How many movements are in your poomse?
2. Both hands twist together – one hand twists in while, at the
same time, the other twists out. A. 20 movements, SIR!
3. Straight line – your hand should move in a straight line towards
your target. Q. What is the philosophy behind the brown belt?
4. Waist power – each block or punch should be delivered using A. Enthusiasm, SIR!
waist Power.
5. Use accurate distance and angle with explosive power, SIR!
Q. Why is it necessary to practice basics and forms?

A. Forms and basics build a necessary solid foundation for achieving
coordination, agility and skill. Performing these techniques also builds
confidence and concentration, SIR!
The BROWN-to-SUPER-BROWN BELT TEST consists of:

• Form: Taeguk Guk Oh Jang (“wind”)
• Kicking combination: balunbal, bandal chagi, doolgae bandal
chagi
(skip roundhouse, crescent target kick, spinning crescent target
kick)
• Breaking: Back Hook Kick
Taegeuk Oh Jang
9. Right Back Stance, left Knifehand
Outward Block.
Memory aid: 10. Step forward to Right Front Stance,
• The way forward is backfist, inward block 8. Step forward to right Front Stance, right Assisted Elbow Strike. Then step
• The way back is low block, inward block right with the right foot to turn 180 to the
right Backfist Strike. Step with the left
foot to turn 270 to the left. right.
13a. Left Front Stance, left Low Block.

13b. No Step, right Inward Block.
11-12. Mirror of 9-10: Knifehand Outward Block,

14a. Right Front Kick. Assisted Elbow Strike. Then step left with the left
foot to turn 90 left. 7a. Left Front Kick.
7b. Left Front Stance, left Backfist Strike.
7c. No step, right Inward Block.
14b. Right Front Stance, right Low Block.
15. Left Front Stance, left High Block.
14c. No Step, left Inward Block. Then step
16a. Ride Side Kick – Punch.
left with the left foot to turn 90 left.
16b. Left Elbow Target Strike. Then step right
with the right foot to turn 180 right.

6b. Right Front Stance, right Backfist Strike.
6c. No step, left Inward Block.
17. Right Front Stance, right High Block.

18a. Left Side Kick – Punch.
18b. Right Elbow Target Strike. Then step left 5a-b. Left Front Stance, left Inward
with the left foot to turn 90 left. Block, right Inward Block.
19a. Left Front Stance, left Low Block.

19b. No step, right Inward Block.

2. Slide the left foot back, left 1. Left Front Stance, Joonbee 3-4. Mirror of 1-2: Long
Downward Hammerfist. Then left Low Block. Then step left with the Stance, Low Block, slide back,
step right with the right foot left foot to turn left. Downward Hammerfist.
20b. Land in Right Cross Stance, Right to turn 180 to the right.
Backfist Strike. Kihap. Baro then end.
For complete written instructions
see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taegeuk_Oh_Jang
10/14/16 35
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Super-Brown Belts to advance to Red Belt
A. Tae Guk Yuk Jang, SIR!
What is the advanced student code of honor?
A. 1. Respect each other. Q. How many movements are in your poomse?
2. Be honest. A. 23 movements, SIR!
3. Be patient.
4. Help each other. Q. What is the philosophy behind the super brown belt?
5. Always stand by the weak. A. Perseverance, SIR!
6. Be loyal to yourself and your family.
7. Obey and be loyal to your Master and Instructor.
8. Be loyal to your DoJang, SIR!
Q. Why do you meditate?

A. We meditate because meditation is necessary to gather one’s
spiritual energy (Gi). It helps us to achieve deeper insight, greater
awareness and a feeling of relaxation. This serenity can become a
habit even in highly stressful situation. In such situations, with the
mind cleared of unnecessary distraction, self-control is maintained
and proper action can be taken. Also, meditation becomes
concentration when action is required.

• Form: Taeguk Guk Yook Jang (“water ”)
• Kicking combination: apdoolyo chagi, dool gae chagi, dwi chagi
(roundhouse, tornado, back kick)
• Breaking: Jump Back Kick
10/14/16 36
Taegeuk Yook Jang 12a. Left Roundhouse Kick. Kihap. Place the left foot down, then
step back with the right foot to turn 180 to the right.
14. Low Block

15a. Front Kick.
The third line repeats the first line: 15b. Outward Block. Then step forward with the right foot to turn left.
12b. Right Low Block.
13b. Outward Block.
Then step with the left foot to turn
180 to the right.
16. Back Stance, Double

Knifehand Block.
11. Step forward into Right

Front Stance, Left Twist Block.
10. Slow, Low Opening Block. Step back with the left foot,
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taegeuk_Yook_Jang

8a-9b. Mirror of 6b-7b: High Knifehand Block.
Outside Block, Punch, Kick,
Punch. Then step left with the
left foot to turn 90 to the left
Step back with the right foot
into Open Stance.
into Front Stance,
18a. Left Palmheel Block.
18b. Right Punch.
7b. Right Front Stance,

left Punch. Then step 6b. Left High 5. Right Twist Block.
right with the right foot 7a. Right Front Kick. Outside Block. 6a. Right Roundhouse Kick. Place
to turn 90 right. 6c. Right Punch. the right foot down, then step
forward with the left foot.
2b. Right Back Stance, Step back with the left foot,
left Outward Block. Then step 18a. Right Palmheel Block.
right with the right foot to 18b. Left Punch.
pivot 180 to the right.
3-4b. Mirror of 1-2b: Low

Block, Kick, Outward
1. Left Front Stance, Joonbee Block. Then step left Baro, then end (move the
2a. Right Front Kick. Then put the right foot to Joonbee).
left Low Block. Then step left with the with the left foot to turn
right foot back down behind the 90 left into Front Stance.
left foot to turn left.
left foot into a Back Stance.
10/14/16 37
Majest Martial Arts
Questions for Current Red Belt to advance to Bo-Black Belt
A. Tae Guk Chil Jang, SIR!
Q. What is the meaning of each belt color?
A. White belt ~ Signifies pure, nothing and clean, and the readiness Q. How many movements are in your poomse?
to change color. A. 25 movements, SIR!
Yellow belt ~ Signifies the sunrise and opening to receive
knowledge. Q. What is the philosophy behind the red belt?
Orange belt ~ Signifies the setting of the sun as it paints the sky A. Confidence, SIR!
with brilliant colors. But as the day comes to an end, there is
the promise of more opportunities tomorrow.
Green belt ~ Signifies the spring, starting to grow and beginnings.
Purple belt ~ Signifies the color of the majesty which
represents dignity and power.
Blue belt ~ Signifies the sky, youth and ambition.
Brown belt ~ Signifies the earth or mountains and developing a
strong foundation.
Red belt ~ Signifies the sun, its brightness and energy, the physical
acts of an individual.
Black belt ~ Contains all the colors signifying the deepest and most
dense knowledge, the accumulation of all proceeding levels,
SIR!
Q. Why do we practice breathing control? • The questions on this page
A. To develop spiritual strength (GI) and endurance, SIR! • Form: Taeguk Guk Chil Jang (“mountain”)
• Kicking combination: apdoolyo chagi, dool gae chagi, apdoolyo
chagi, hwe chuk
(roundhouse, tornado, roundhouse, back hook kick)
• Breaking: Jump Back Hook Kick
10/14/16 38
Taegeuk Chil Jang 17-19. Mirror of 14-16: Right Front Stance, 15b. Cross Stance, Double Uppercut.
Opening Block, Left Knee Strike, Cross Stance, 16. Slide the left foot back to Right Front Stance,
Double Uppercut, Left Front Stance, Low Cross 14. Left Front Stance, Opening Block. Low Cross Block. Chamber arms crossed again, then
Block. Then step left with the left foot. 15a. Right Knee Strike. step right with the right foot to turn 180 right.
20. Left Walking Stance,

Outward Backfist.
12-13. Two Double Scissors Blocks:

• Left Up then Left Down,
21a. Target Kick.
• Left Down then Left Up.
21b. Horse Stance, Elbow Target
Chamber arms crossed, fists palm-up, then turn 270 left.
Strike. Then slide the left foot to
pivot right into Walking Stance.
11. Slow Covered Fist.
22. Outward Backfist.

23a. Target Kick. 8a-b. Twist, then right 10a-b. Twist, then left Supported Backfist
23b. Horse Stance, Elbow Supported Backfist Strike. Strike. Then step left with the left foot to
Target Strike. Then step the right foot to turn left into Closed Stance.
turn 180 to the right.
9. Right Cat Stance, left
7. Left Cat Stance, right Supported Palm Block.
Supported Palm Block.
5-6. Back Stance, Low Double Knifehand

Block. Then step forward with the right foot
2b. Step back into left Cat Stance, left again into Back Stance, Low Double Knifehand
Inward Block. Then pivot 180 to the right. Block. Then slide the left foot to Cat Stance.
24. No step, left
Knifehand Side Block. 3-4b. Mirror of 1-2b: Right Cat Stance,
left Palm Block. Left Front Kick. Right
Inward Block. Then step left with the
left foot to turn left into Back Stance.
Then step forward with the

right foot to turn 180,
24. Horse Stance, right Side
Punch. Kihap. Baro then end. Joonbee
2a. Right Front Kick. 1. Left Cat Stance, Then step left with the
right Palm Block. left foot to turn left.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taegeuk_Chil_Jang
10/14/16 39
Majest Martial Arts
Interlude - What’s Next?
Once you’re Bo-Black (red belt with a black stripe) it’s time to start preparing for
your Black Belt test.
• The first ten belts represented in this guide are the “junior” or “beginner”
ranks of taekwondo. They are called gup
• White belt is the tenth gup, yellow is the ninth gup, orange is the eighth gup,
etc. At Majest, Red Belt is the first gup.
• At Majest, progressing from one gup to the next usually takes at least six
weeks of study (depending on how often one attends class) – the later gups
often take longer than the earlier gups, since the poomsae and kicking
combinations become more complex
• After the “junior” ranks come the “senior” ranks – the black belts. These
ranks are called dan.
• The first-degree black belt is the first dan, the second-degree black belt is the
second dan, etc. Interesting Facts
• In between the gup ranks and the dan ranks, some schools (including Majest)
include the bo dan rank: the bo-black belt (red with black stripe). Bo-Black
belts are required to remember all the previous forms before they can test
for Black Belt.
The Korean language actually uses two different numbering systems, the native
system and the Sino-Korean System. Does the Sino-Korean system look familiar?
Black Belt Test It’s the numbering system used to number the taeguk poomsae.
At Majest, tests for Black Belt are usually given about three timers per year Native System Sino-Korean Number System
(winter, spring, and summer). For the test, you need to know how to perform all 1. Hana il
the taegeuk forms. Before the day of the test, Majest will host a number of extra 2. Dool yi
practice sessions (often ~3 hours long, usually on Saturday afternoons) in order Native Korean
numbers are used 3. Set sam The Sino-Korean
to review all the material you’ve already learned. There’s also a Rehearsal before for everyday small- system is used for
4. Net sa
the test, like a wedding rehearsal: how to enter the dojang, where to stand, how number counting, larger numbers,
5. Dasut oh
to exit, who you’ll be sparring as part of the test, etc. The test itself is usually only like counting during decimals, and also of
calisthenics (this is 6. Yasut yook course for numbering
a couple of hours long: poomsae, sparring, then breaking.
like the way we 7. Ilgop chil the Taegeuk poomsae
You’ll also need to write a short essay as part of your Black Belt application. Make would use Roman
8. Yadul phal
sure you write a nice essay! If you’re successful, you’ll need to read your essay numerals)
aloud to the audience at the Belt Ceremony. The belts themselves are awarded a 9. Ahop gu
few weeks after the test, since they need to be custom embroidered. 10. Yaul sip
10/14/16 40
Taegeuk Pal Jang 5. Single Mountain
Block.
11a. Right Front Kick,
return foot, then step 7a. Transition through a Cross Stance. 6. Pivot to Left Front
back to Right Cat Stance. 7b-8. Mirror of 5-6: Mountain Block and Slow 4. Step forward to Right Stance, slow right
Pulling Uppercut. Then step forward with the Front Stance, right Punch. Pulling Uppercut.
right foot to turn left, into Back Stance. Then turn 270 left. Then pivot right and
step with the left
10. Pivot to Left Front foot to Cross Stance.
Stance, right Punch. 11b. Right Cat Stance,
right Palmheel Block.
Then step the left foot
9. Right Back Stance, to pivot left into Cat
leftward Double Knifehand Block. Stance.
13b. Left Front 13a. Left Front Kick. 12. Cat Stance,
Stance, right Double Knifehand.
Punch. Then
slide left foot
back to Cat 3c-e. Left Front Stance,
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taegeuk_Pal_Jang

Stance. left Inward Block, right-
left Double Punch.
14. Left Cat Stance, left 15-17. Mirror of 12-14. Then

Palmheel. Then pivot right. step right with the right foot
3a-b. Jump only once:
to turn 90 to the right.
Right then Left Front kick
on the same jump. Kihap.
18. Right Augmented Low Block.

20. Right Back
Stance, left
Knifehand 2. Pivot to Left Front
23. No step, Block. Then Stance, right Punch.
pivot to Front 19b. Right Jump Front
left Punch.
Kick. Kihap.
Then pivot Stance.
right 180.
22. No step,
right Backfist 1. Right Back Stance,
Strike. left Augmented
Outward Block.
21. Left Front
Stance,
right Elbow 24-27. Mirror of 20-23.
Strike. Baro then end. Joonbee
Then step forward
19c. Right Inward Block. with the left foot
19d-e. Left-right Double Punch. Then step with the left foot to turn left. into Back Stance.
10/14/16 41
Poomsae Steps Lines* Majest Level Majest Belt
Interesting Facts: 8 (kid’s version)
Kibon Hana (1) 10 th Gup
Bo-Black Belts 20 (full version)
8 (kid’s version)
20 (full version)
Some taekwondo schools, like Majest, use the Bo-Black belt (the
red belt with the black stripe) as a transitional step before the 8 (kid’s version)
Kibon Sat (3) 8 th Gup
Black Belt. 20 (full version)
Other schools, however, use the red-black belt for younger
students who are already studying black belt forms (these students Taegeuk Il Jang (1) 18 7 th Gup
are sometimes called poom students rather than dan students
because of their young age). Sometimes the red-black belt is called Taegeuk Yi Jang (2) 18 6 th Gup
a “junior” black belt. The idea is that once these students reach a
specified age (usually age 16), they can exchange their red-black Taegeuk Sam Jang (3) 20 5 th Gup
belts for the “adults-only” black belts.
Taegeuk Sa Jang (4) 20 4 th Gup
Taegeuk Oh Jang (5) 20 3 rd Gup
Taegeuk Yook Jang (6) 19 2 nd Gup
BLACK BELT Koryo
Keumgang
30
27
1 st Dan
2 nd Dan
I
II
CURRICULUM Taebaek
Pyongwon
26
21
3 rd Dan
4 th Dan
III
IIII
Shipjin 28 5 th Dan IIIII
Chunkwon 26 7 th Dan IIIIIII

* My versions are “upside down” compared to what you normally see
10/14/16 42
Majest Martial Arts
Curriculum Overview – 1st and 2nd Dan
Level Belt Stars Poomsae Kicking Breaking
Skip Roundhouse, Roundhouse, Axe,

1st Dan I 0 Koryo Punch, Roundhouse, Axe
step and back, Roundhouse, Axe
Skip Roundhouse, Roundhouse, Double Roundhouse, Punch, Skip Roundhouse, Double

1 Palgwae Il Jang
step and back, Roundhouse, Double Roundhouse Roundhouse
Roundhouse, Skip Roundhouse, Tornado, Skip Roundhouse, Roundhouse, Double

2 Palgwae Yi Jang
step and back, Roundhouse, Tornado Roundhouse
Roundhouse, Skip Roundhouse, Back Kick,

3 Palgwae Sam Jang Axe Kick, Skip Roundhouse, Tornado
step and back, Roundhouse, Jump Back Kick
Skip Roundhouse, Tornado, Back Hook,

4 Palgwae Sa Jang Roundhouse, Tornado, Back Hook
step and back, Front-foot Roundhouse, Front Double Roundhouse
Roundhouse, Tornado, Back Hook,

5 Koryo + Palgwae 1-4 Back Hook, Jump Back Hook
step and back, step, Jump Back Hook
6 Koryo + Palgwae 1-4 + Taegeuk 1-8 All kicking combinations Back Hook, Jump Back Hook, Tornado
Roundhouse, Roundhouse, Triple Roundhouse, step and back, Roundhouse,

2nd Dan II 0 Keumgang breaks of your choice, 3 stations
Roundhouse, Triple Roundhouse
Skip Roundhouse, Skip Double Roundhouse, Tornado, step and back, Front-foot
1 Palgwae Oh Jang breaks of your choice, 3 stations
Roundhouse, Skip Double Roundhouse, Tornado
Skip Roundhouse, Double Roundhouse, Skip Front Hook,

2 Palgwae Yook Jang breaks of your choice, 4 stations
step and back, Front-foot Roundhouse, Double Roundhouse, Skip Front Hook
Roundhouse, Double Roundhouse, Tornado,

3 Palgwae Chil Jang breaks of your choice, 4 stations
step and back, Roundhouse, Back Hook, Jump Back Hook Kick
Roundhouse, Tornado, Back Hook,

4 Palgwae Pal Jang breaks of your choice, 5 stations
step and back, Skip Roundhouse, Front-foot Roundhouse, Jump Back Hook Kick
Skip Roundhouse, Back Kick, Skip Roundhouse, Back Kick,

5 Keumgang + Palgwae 4-8 breaks of your choice, 5 stations
step and back, Tornado, Back Hook
Keumgang + Koryo + Palgwae 1-8 +

6 All kicking combinations breaks of your choice, 6 stations
Taegeuk 1-8
Majest Martial Arts
1st Dan Kicking Combinations
Right Jump Back

Hook Kick
L-R Double Step up

Roundhouse
Front-Foot
Right Jump R-foot forward
Roundhouse
Back Kick Check-Slice
Left Back
Right Roundhouse L-foot forward Hook Kick
(bring foot back) Check-Slice
Left Tornado Right
Right Back Tornado
Hook Kick
L-foot-forward
R-L Double Left Check-Slice Right
Roundhouse Roundhouse Left Tornado Roundhouse
Left Left Back Kick 5 Stars

Roundhouse R-foot forward
Left Axe Kick Check-Slice Left Skip
Right Skip Roundhouse
R-foot-forward
Check-Slice Right Tornado Roundhouse 4 Stars
Right Roundhouse Right
L-R Double Roundhouse
Roundhouse Right Skip
L-foot-forward Roundhouse 3 Stars
Check-Slice Right
Right
Roundhouse
Left Axe Kick Roundhouse
2 Stars
Right Left Skip

Roundhouse Roundhouse
1 Star
Left Skip
Roundhouse
0 Stars
Majest Martial Arts
2nd Dan Kicking Combinations
Right Back
Hook Kick
Left Jump Back

Left Tornado
Hook Kick
Left Jump Right

Back Hook Kick Right Front-foot Left-foot forward
Roundhouse Check-Slice
Right Back Right Skip Left Back
Left Skip Front Kick
Hook Kick Roundhouse
Hook Kick
Right Skip
Left R-foot forward Roundhouse
R-L Double Roundhouse
Left Tornado Right Back Kick
Left Back
Left Front-foot R-foot forward Hook Kick
R-L Skip Double Roundhouse Check-Slice
Roundhouse Right Tornado
Right Tornado Left Skip
Right Front-foot L-foot forward
Roundhouse
L-R Double Right
Left Skip Front Roundhouse 5 Stars
5. Left Roundhouse, Roundhouse
Hook Kick
then slide back R-foot forward
R-L Double Right
Check-Slice Roundhouse
Roundhouse 4 Stars
Right Tornado
4. R-foot forward Left Skip
Check-Slice L-R Skip Double Roundhouse
Roundhouse 3 Stars
3. R-L-R Triple
Roundhouse
Left Skip
2 Stars
Roundhouse
2. Left
Roundhouse
1 Star
1. Right
6. Right Roundhouse, Roundhouse
then slide back
7. L-R-L Triple
0 Stars
Roundhouse
The Majest Black Belt Most Majest combinations have a “focus” Generally, each combination begins with some kind of Roundhouse
kicking combinations kick, often the third kick in the combination, kick, and then also resumes with some kind of Roundhouse kick
and also the last kick in the combination
1st dan
0 stars focus: Left Skip Right Left Axe Kick check – slice Right Left Axe Kick
axe kick Roundhouse Roundhouse left foot forward Roundhouse
1 star focus: Left Skip Right L-R Double check – slice Left R-L Double
2bl roundhouse Roundhouse Roundhouse Roundhouse right foot forward Roundhouse Roundhouse
Most of the kicking
combinations begin with 2 stars focus: Right Right Skip Right Tornado check – slice Left Left Tornado
a pair of Roundhouse tornado Roundhouse Roundhouse right foot forward Roundhouse
kicks (if you consider the
Tornado kick to be a kind 3 stars focus: Right Right Skip Left Back Kick check - slice Right Left Jump
of Roundhouse kick). back kick Roundhouse Roundhouse left foot forward Roundhouse Back Kick
The ”focus” kick in each
4 stars focus: Left Skip Left Tornado Right Back check - slice L Front-foot L-R Double
combination is the “main left foot forward
lesson” of that
back hook Roundhouse Hook Kick roundhouse Roundhouse
combination. 5 stars focus: Right Right Tornado Left Back check - slice step forward R Jump Back
back hook Roundhouse Hook Kick right foot forward left foot forward Hook Kick
2nd dan
0 stars focus: Right Left R-L-R Triple check – slice Left Roundhouse Right Roundhouse L-R-L Triple
right foot forward slide back slide back
3pl roundhouse Roundhouse Roundhouse Roundhouse Roundhouse
1 star focus: Left Skip L-R Skip Double Right Tornado check – slice R Front-foot R-L Skip Double Left Tornado
tornado Roundhouse Roundhouse right foot forward Roundhouse Roundhouse
2 stars focus: Left Skip R-L Double L Skip Front check- slice L Front-foot R-L Double L Skip Front
skip front hook Roundhouse Roundhouse Hook Kick left foot forward Roundhouse Roundhouse Hook Kick
The last three combinations don’t have a “focus” kick. Instead, these advanced combinations “mix it up”.
3 stars Right L-R Double Right Tornado check – slice Left Right Back L Jump Back
- Roundhouse Roundhouse right foot forward Roundhouse Hook Hook Kick
4 stars Right Right Tornado Left Back check – slice Right Skip R Front-foot L Jump Back
- Roundhouse Hook Kick right foot forward Roundhouse Roundhouse Hook Kick
5 stars Left Skip Right Back Right Skip Left Back Kick check – slice Left Tornado Right Back
- Roundhouse Kick Roundhouse left foot forward Hook Kick
10/14/16 46
Koryo 12b. Land in Right Front Stance with
The name of this form refers to the Koryo a Left Knee Break, then step forward
dynasty (918 CE – 1392 CE) from which with the left foot to turn 180 right.
the modern name “Korea” derives. The
13. Right Front Stance, Inner-
shape of the floor pattern is the character
“sunbae” which means “leaned man” Forearm Opening Block.
or “wise elder”. 14a. Left Front Kick.
11b. Left Knifehand Low Block.
11c. Right Arc Hand Strike. 14b. Land in Left Front Stance with a Right Knee Break.
Kihap. 12a. Right
Front Kick. 15. Inner-Forearm Opening Block, then step the
right foot back to turn right into a Horse Stance.
26. Slide right foot to Closed 18b.
Stance, left Low Hammerfist Target 25a. Downward
Left Side 18a. Cross 17. Target 16. Horse Stance,
Strike. Then pivot left to Left Front 25b. Assisted Palmheel Block.
Kick, then Stance. Punch. left Knifehand
Stance. pivot right. Side Block. Elbow Strike. 24. Left Walking
Stance, left Low
Block.
23c. Left Front Stance,
right Low Fingertip
18c. Low Thrust. Then slide the
27a. Left Fingertip 20b. Horse Stance, right 21-25b is mirror of 16-20b left foot back to
Knifehand Thrust. 11a. Left
Assisted Elbow Strike. Walking Stance.
Outward Strike. Front Kick.
27b. Low
Knifehand Block.
28a. Right 21. Right 22.

19. Slide right 20a. Downward 23a. Cross 23b. Right Side Kick, then
Knifehand 10b. Right Knifehand Side Target
Inward Strike. foot back to Palmheel Block. 10c. Left Arc Block. Punch. Stance. pivot leftward and place the
Walking Stance, Knifehand right foot behind you into
28b. Low Low Block. Hand Strike.
Knifehand right Low Block. Left Front Stance.
Block. 10a. Right
Front Kick.
29a. Left 4. Slide to Back
Stance, right 9a. Left Front 9b. Right Arc
Knifehand
Stance, left Hand Strike. 5-8. Mirror of 1-4. Then
For complete written instructions see

Inward Strike. Inward Block.
http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Koryo
Then pivot 180 Knifehand Low step left with the left
29b. Low
Knifehand right. Block. foot to turn 90 left.
2a-b. Low
Block. then High
3. Left
Punch. Side Kick.
30. Right Arc Hand
Strike. Kihap. Baro
then end.
2c. Right Front 1. Back Stance, Pushing-Hands Joonbee

Stance, right Outward Double Knifehand Block. Then step left with the left foot.
Knifehand Strike.
10/14/16 47
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Keumgang
Keumgang
The name of this form refers to the Mount Keumgangsan,
the Diamond Mountain, the center of the Korean spirit.
The shape of the floor pattern means mountain, and
symbolizes an unbreakable spirit.
2-4. Stepping forward in Front

Stance, Palmheel Jaw Strike:
Right, then Left, then Right.
14. From 13, lift the left foot and pivot 180
clockwise, again as if to block at shin-
height, then stomp into Horse-riding
Stance looking left, Mountain Block. Then 5-7. Stepping backward in Back
lift the right foot and pivot clockwise into Stance, Inward Knifehand Block:
Crane Stance, looking right. Left, then Right, then Left. 21. From 20, lift the left foot and pivot 90
clockwise; use the left foot to block at shin-
13. Parallel Stance, slow
height, then stomp forcefully into Horse-riding
Low Opening Block.
Stance looking left, Mountain Block. Then step
12. Horse-riding stance, Inner- the right foot to turn counterclockwise 180.
Forearm Opening Block. Then slide 15-16ab-17. Repeat as before: Crane
the left foot to the right. 18-19ab-20. Crane Stance with Diamond
Stance with Diamond Low Block looking Low Block looking right, then Hinge and
right,* then Hinge and rotate 360, stepping rotate 360, stepping right.
right. Then repeat for 18-19ab-20. 21
12 19b
13
18 19a 20
14
16b
15 16a 17
11 22
8. Right Crane Stance, Diamond 23
9b
9a Low Block looking left.* Then Step
10 1. Front Stance, down into Horse-riding stance.
Inner-Forearm 24
9a-9b-10. Horse-riding stance Opening Block
looking left, Large Hinge Block with
the right arm in front. Then start by 26b
25
stepping the right foot to turn 360 27 26a
11. From 10, lift the right foot and counterclockwise, stepping leftward
pivot counterclockwise; use the to return to the same stance but Joonbee 22. Horse-riding stance,
right foot as if to block at shin- now shifted left. Then step forward 24. From 23, lift the right foot and pivot 180
Inner-Forearm Opening
height, then stomp forcefully into with the left foot. counterclockwise, again as if to block at shin-
Block. The slide the right
Horse-riding Stance looking right, height, then stomp into Horse-riding Stance looking
foot to the left.
Mountain Block. Then step the left right, Mountain Block. Then lift the left foot and
foot to turn clockwise 180. pivot counterclockwise into Crane Stance. 23. Parallel Stance, slow
Low Opening Block.
25-26ab-27. Repeat as before: Crane Stance with
* On steps 8, 15, 25, you turn your head to look only as
Diamond Low Block looking left,* then Hinge and rotate
your High Block arm is passing in front of your face. On 360, stepping left. Baro, then slide the left foot to end.
step 18, you’re looking right for the entire movement.
10/14/16 48
Taebaek
The name of this form refers to the “bright mountain” of Korean 8. Step forward into Right Front Stance while twisting and
13b. Elbow Target Strike. Then

mythology, from where the original founder of Korea is believed pulling with the right arm, then left Punch. Kihap. Then step
bring the left foot to the right,

with the left foot to turn counter-clockwise into Back Stance.
and slide right foot to pivot

to have ruled. The shape of the floor pattern symbolizes
clockwise to Closed Stance.

13a. Side Kick with punch.
Land in Left Front Stance.
spirituality: a connection between heaven and earth.
Right Pulling Uppercut.
12. Crane Stance with

10. Without stepping,
11. Without stepping,

Left Punch. Then lift
left foot into Crane
9. Back Stance,
Diamond Block.
hinge chamber.
Stance.
14-18. Then mirror 9-13. Then bring the right 14a. Transition
foot to the left foot, and and step forward through Closed Stance
with the left foot into Right Back Stance. with hinge chamber.
19. Right Back Stance, Double

Knifehand Block. Then step 7. Step forward into Left Front Stance
21a. Left Front Stance forward with the right foot. while twisting and pulling with the left
looking back over the right arm, then right Punch.
shoulder, left knifehand 20. Right Front Stance, left Pressing Block with
palm-down at collar, right right Spearhand Thrust. Then step slightly with 6. Step forward into Right Front Stance
knifehand palm-out the left foot to pivot counterclockwise. while twisting and pulling with the
behind waist. Then step
right arm, then left Punch. (You’ll do
with the left foot to rotate
this three times.)
counter-clockwise into
21b. Right Back Stance, left
right Back Stance.
Outward Backfist Strike. Then
step the right foot forward. 5. Left Front Stance,
Swallowform Knifehand Strike.
25-26. Mirror; baro then end.
24-a-b-c. Right Front 22. Right Front Stance, right Joonbee

Kick, then land in right Punch. Kihap. Then step with the 2b-c. Right Front 2a. Right 3-4. Mirror 1-2, then step left with
Then step left with the
Front Stance, Right-Left left foot to turn counter-clockwise Stance, Right-Left Front Kick. left foot to turn left. the left foot to turn left.
Double Punch. Then step into left Front Stance. Double Punch. Then
with the right foot to step right with the 1. Left Tiger Stance, Low
23. Left Front Stance, Scissors right foot to turn
turn clockwise. Knifehand Opening Block.
Block (right arm high). 180 clockwise.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Taebaek

10/14/16 49
Pyongwon
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Pyongwon

14c. Double Knifehand
13a. Right Side Kick. Then Block.
The name of this form step the right foot down
refers to a vast plain, as into Right Front Stance.
illustrated by the floor 13b. Uppercut. 15. Low Double
14a. Kick then turn. 14b. Turning
pattern, a simple line . 12b. Without stepping, Knifehand Block.
Side Kick.
The vast plain denotes hinge chamber.
peacefulness.
16. Augmented High
Side Block. 17a. Twist
Step 5-12b (orange) are a mirror of Steps 13b- and stomp the left leg.
12a. Crane Stance looking 20b (green, except for the last Side Kick).
right, Diamond Block.
17b. Left Pulling
Backfist Strike. Kihap.
19. Mountain Block.

9c. Without stepping, left Pulling 11. Horse-riding Stance, Double
Backfist Strike. Then step the left Mountain Block. Then lift the right foot. 17c. Right Pulling
foot in front into Cross Stance. Backfist Stike.
10. Cross Stance, Double Elbow.

Then step right with the right foot. 18. Step the right foot into Cross Stance
9b. Right Pulling Backfist Strike.
20a. Diamond Block. (right foot in front) with Double Elbow
Kihap. strike, then continue stepping with the
left foot.
20b. Hinge.
8. Horse-riding Stance looking
right, Right Augmented High
Side Block. Then 9a. raise and
twist the right leg and stomp
height Knifehand Block. Then

4. Right Back Stance, middle-
back into Horse-Riding Stance.
5. Left Front Stance, Right
slide the left foot forward.

21a. Left Side Kick with Punch. Then
7. Without stepping, right Low
Elbow Uppercut. step down into left Front Stance.
Double Knifehand Block. Then
shift into Horse-riding Stance. 21b. Right Elbow Target Strike. Baro, then slide
the left foot to end in Overlapping Hands.
6c. Left Back Stance, Double 3. Left Back Stance, Low Knifehand Block. Then
Knifehand Block. step with the left foot to pivot left.
6b. Turning Side Kick. Then 2. Slow Pushing Hands. Then pivot right.
step down and pivot to the 6a. Right Front Kick. Then step
right into Left Back Stance. down and pivot counter- 1. Parallel Stance, Slow Knifehand Low Opening Block.
clockwise into Turning Side Kick.
Joonbee
Overlapping Hands, then slide the left foot to Parallel Stance.
10/14/16
Sipjin 24. Left Front Stance, Right Boulder Push. Then
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Sipjin

23b. Step down into Cross Stance, right Augmented High Backfist Strike.
slide the left foot back into Tiger Stance.
Kihap. Then slide the left foot and pivot leftward into Left Front Stance.
The name of this form
refers refers the Chinese 25. Tiger Stance, Low Knifehand Cross Block. Then 23a. Right Front Kick.
character for 10 , which step the right foot forward into Left Back Stance.
symbolizes longevity and
youthful health.
26. Left Back Stance, Augmented Ridgehand 22b. Simultaneous Punch.
Block. Then step forward with the left foot.
27. Right Back Stance, Simultaneous Punch. 22a. Left Front Kick, land in Left Front Stance.
Then step forward with the right foot.
28. Left Back Stance, Simultaneous Punch. Baro, then 21b. Simultaneous Punch.
step the right foot to pivot counter-clockwise to ready.
3c. Without stepping, 21a. Right Front Kick, land in Right Front Stance.
5a. Step the left foot in front
Left-Right Double Punch.
through Cross Stance, grab
Then step the right foot
opponent with left hand. 20a-b. Without stepping, Right Boulder Push.
forward to pivot left.
Without stepping,
19. Slide the left foot to pivot left to Front Stance, pull-up
Right Horizontal
with the left arm, like a hinge movement.
3c.
Spearhand.
19
3b. 7-11. Mirror 2b-6. Then step back with the right
3b. foot to turn clockwise into Left Back Stance.
2a
2b. Right Back Stance, Palm-
Augmented Left Outward Block.
3a. Slowly open left fist, twist arm and
slide the left foot to Front Stance.
5b. Continue stepping through Cross Stance 1

4. Horse-riding Stance looking right,
Mountain Block. Then step the left
foot through Cross Stance.
now with the right foot, to Horse-riding

Stance looking right, Right Side Punch. Kihap. 12. Left Back Stance, Palm-Augmented Right Outward Block.
Double Elbow Strike. Then bring the
6. Horse-riding Stance looking right,
Then step forward with the right foot to turn

left foot to the right, then step the
180 counter-clockwise.
right foot to Left Back Stance.
13a. Slowly open fist, twist arm and slide the right foot to Long Stance.
13b. Without stepping, Left Horizontal Spearhand.
13c. Without stepping, Right-Left Double Punch. Then step
forward with the left foot into Right Back Stance.
14. Right Back Stance, Double Knifehand Low Block. Then

step the right foot forward into Right Front Stance.
Joonbee
1. Without stepping, Bull Block. 15a-b. Right Front Stance, Right Boulder Push. Then slide the
left foot to turn left into Horse Riding Stance looking forward.
2a. Without stepping, widen block. Then step 16-18. Ridgehand Opening Block. Slow Knifehand Low Opening
with the left foot to turn left into Back Stance. Block. Then rise, straighten legs, and close fists. Pivot left.
10/14/16
Jitae
19-20a-20b. Still looking right, 18. Without stepping, still looking right, Left Hammerfist Target Strike to
Crane with Right Low Side the right side. Kihap. Then raise the right foot to Crane Stance.
21-22-23. Mirror: Crane with Left Low Block, Hinge, then Side Kick.
The name of this form refers Side Block, Hinge, Left Side Kick. Then 17. Without stepping, looking right, Right Knifehand Side Block.
refers to the earth; the floor pivot left to land into Left Front Stance. 16. Without stepping, looking left, Left Low Side Block.
pattern symbolizes a man
standing on the earth, looking 15. Horse-riding Stance
upward to the sky. looking forward, Bull Block.
23b. Left Front Stance, Right 14a. Right Front Kick, then land the right leg to
Punch. Then step forward. the rear, into Left Front Stance.
11b. Right Front Stance,
Right Diamond Punch. 14b-c. Left Front Stance, Right-Left
12a-b. Double Punch. Then step the left foot
to turn left into Horse-riding Stance.
24. Right Front Stance, Right Punch 11a. As you step forward,
again. Then step around with the hinge to the right side.
13. Back Stance, Knifehand Low Block.
left foot to turn counter-clockwise.
26. Right Back Stance, 12a-b. Left Inward Block, Right Augmented Inward
Double Knifehand 24. 28. Block. Then step the right foot back to Back Stance.
27. 9b. Right Back Stance,
Block. Then step with 26. Double Knifehand Low Block.
the right foot to turn 25. 10. Slide the left foot forward to Left Front
clockwise. Left Back Stance, Double Knifehand Stance, slow Left Upward Block. Then begin
Low Block. Then step forward. stepping the right foot forward.
27. Left Back Stance, Double Knifehand 7b. Left Back Stance, Double 8. Without stepping, slow Right Outward Block.
Low Block. Then step forward. Knifehand Low Block.
28. Right Back Stance, Double Knifehand Block.
Baro, then step the left foot to pivot counter- 5. Left Front Stance, Left Low
clockwise to the Ready stance, and end. Block. Then slide the left foot
7a. Right Front Kick. back to Right Back Stance.
6. Right Back Stance, Left

2b. Without stepping, slowly pull with the Knifehand High Block.
right hand, and slow Left Punch. Then step 6.
with the right foot to turn 180 clockwise. 5.
3-4a-4b. Mirror of 1-2b-2c, then step left with
2a. Right Front Stance, the left foot to turn to the left.
slow Right Upward Block.
1.
Right Back Stance, Left Joonbee
Outward Block. Then step Then step left
forward with the right foot. with the left
foot to turn left.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Jitae
10/14/16
Cheonkwon
8b. Left Front Stance, Left Low Block. Then step forward into 12b. Finish stepping forward into Left Back
9. Right Front Stance, Right Punch. Then step with the rear leg to turn 270 counter-clockwise. Stance, Right Punch. Then step with the
10. Right Back Stance, Left Augmented Inner-Forearm Outward Block. right foot to turn 180 right. Then mirror this
The floor pattern of this
11a. Without stepping, circle the left arm upward as if to break opponent’s grip. 13-15b. Then turn left with the left foot.
form represents man descending 11b. Without stepping, Left Punch.
from the heavens, symbolizing
12a. While stepping forward, again circle the left arm upward as if to break grip.
piety and the drive to strive.
15a. 13. 10. 12a.
15b. 12b.
16. Left Front Stance, Right Inner-Forearm Outward Block, with
16. 9.
the torso twisted. Then 17. Without stepping, Left Punch. 17. 14a. 11a.
14b. 8b. 11b.

18a. Right Front Kick,
19. Left Back Stance, Double Knifehand Low Block. Then shuffle forward. then land into Front
Stance.
8a. Left Side Kick, kihap, then
18b. Right Front Stance, Right Punch. step down into Left Front
20a. Left Back Stance again, Right Inward Block, slapping the right Then slide the right foot back into Stance
forearm with the left palm as they cross. Then shuffle forward again. Left Back Stance. 7a-b. Without stepping, Left
Knifehand Twist Block, then
20b. Left Back Stance again, Right Augmented Low Block. 4a-b. With the left hand, slowly again slowly grab and pull,
Then slide the right foot into horse-riding stance. circle under the opponent’s this time into a Left Side Kick.
Baro, then return to Overlappd Hands and end.
arm to grab it, then slowly pull

26b. Again, lower hands to abdomen, then
yourself forward into Left Front 5-6a-6b. Mirror: without stepping, Right
hand-low Single Mountain Block
24. Slide the right foot back into
Stance with a slow Right Punch. Knifehand Twist Block, then use the
Left Back Stance, slow Right-
right hand to slowly grab and pull

abdomen, then circle up and back.
Mountain Push (right hand high).
yourself forward into a slow Left Punch.

Mountain Push (left hand high).
25a. Step the left foot back into

25b. Right Tiger Stance, slow
Closed Stance, lower hands to
21. Horse-riding Stance looking

26b. Left Tiger Stance, slow
3. Slide the right foot forward into Right Front

right, Right Diamond Side Punch.
with knifehands.
Stance, Left Knifehand Twist Block.
2c. …a Double Uppercut with

circle up and back.
22a-c. Turning leftward, shift your

knucklefists, where the right foot has
weight onto your right leg, kick the left slide forward into Tiger Stance.
leg upward as your turn, and then jump
into a 360 Target Kick with the right leg, 2b. …then rapidly both arms rise
to land back in Horse-riding Stance. upward and circle backward and behind
the body, into…
22d. Horse-riding Stance looking
right, then again Right Diamond Side 2a. Without stepping, hands are slowly
Punch. lowered, then…
23. Slide the left foot back into Right Back 1a. Without stepping, inhale,
Stance, slow Left-hand-low Single overlapped hands rise to the chest,
The ending is performed in-place, without stepping. Mountain Block with knifehands. then 1b. the hands slowly push outward
into the Wingspread posture.
Overlapped-Hands Joonbee, left hand
over right hand.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Cheonkwon The beginning is performed in-place, without stepping.
10/14/16
Hansoo
The floor pattern of this
form represents water,
symbolizing adaptability and the 2. As you step forward into Right
refusal to yield. Front Stance, bring the arms out then
in, into Double Hammerfist Strike.
11. Take a long step forward with the right foot,
Then step the right foot back.
then bring the left foot up behind, into Assisting
Stance, Double Uppercut. Then step with the 19b-22. Mirror 10-13. Then
left foot to turn left into Horse-riding Stance. lift the right foot and pivot to
the right into 23. Left Crane
10. Left Front Stance, Left
Stance with a hinge chamber.
Supported Arc-hand Strike.
12. Horse-riding Stance, Low Target Block with Then step forward. 1. Left Front
the left arm as the target. Then step the right Stance,
foot back into Right Back Stance. Ridgehand
Opening
Block.
13. Right Back Stance, Knifehand Diamond Block. Then

lift the left foot and pivot to the left into 14. Right Crane
Stance with hinge chamber. Overlapped
-Hands
Joonbee
23-27b. Mirror 14-18b. Baro, then
15a. Left Side Kick, land in Left Front Stance. 14. 23. step with the right foot to return to
15b. Swallowform Knifehand Strike. the Overlapped-Hands Joonbee.
16a. Right Front Kick. 19a. Step the left 3. Single Mountain Block
Land in 16b. Cross foot to Closed Stance looking left, then pivot into
Stance with Backfist. and chamber for 4. Right Punch. Then step
Kihap. another Arc-Hand back with the left foot.
Strike. 27b.
Mirror for 5-6: Single
Mountain Block looking
18a. Target Kick, then land Right, then pivot into Left 9. Right Front Stance,
into 18b. Horse-riding Stance, Punch. Then step back with Ridgehand Opening Block.
Right Elbow Target strike. the right foot. Then step with the left foot to
turn slightly left.
17. Step the left foot into
Horse-riding Stance, Outward Mirror again, 7-8: Single
Knifehand Side Strike. Mountain Block looking left, then
pivot into Right Punch. Then step
forward with the right foot.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Hansoo

10/14/16
2. Step the right foot forward Ilyeo

to Right Front Stance, Right This poomsae refers to the
Punch. Then step with the left Buddhist concept of oneness:
4-5. Right Back Stance,
foot to turn left. oneness of the mind and the
Double Knifehand Block,
then Right Punch. Then step 3. Right Back Stance, body, oneness of the material
forward with the right foot slow Diamond Block. and the immaterial, all denoting
into Right Crane Back Stance Then step with the left a heightened spiritual, mental,
(i.e., left foot behind the foot to turn left. and physical state.
1. Step the left foot
right knee).
forward to Right
Back Stance, Double 23-a-b-c. Left Front Kick, Jump Right Side Kick, 21-22. Right Back Stance,
15-16. Step the left foot down into Knifehand Block. land in Left Back Stance, High Cross Block. Baro, Diamond Block. Then step left
14. No pivot is needed this
Right Back Stance, High Cross Block. then step the right foot to return to Covered- with the left foot to turn left into
Then twist and pull again, and step time: slow Left Side Kick with
Fist Joonbee. Closed Stance with fists at waist.
Single Mountain Block.
forward into Right Front Stance, Right
Punch.
Covered-
Fist
Joonbee
6. Right Crane Back Stance,

Right Supported Vertical
Spearhand Thrust. Kihap. 19b. Jump Left Side Kick.
18-19a. Closed Stance with fists at
Land in a Right Back Stance. 19c-20. Right Back Stance, High Cross
waist, then Right Front Kick. Then step
the right foot down in preparation for 7. Pivot on the right Block. Then twist and pull again, step
a Jump Side Kick. foot to slow Left Side forward into Right Punch. Then step
17. Step left with the left foot into Kick with Single 13. Right Crane Back Stance, left with the left foot to turn left into
Right Back Stance, slow Diamond Mountain Block. Right Supported Vertical Right Back Stance.
Block. Then step left with the left foot Spearhand Thrust. Kihap.
into Closed Stance.
8. Step the left foot down into

Right Back Stance, High Cross 11-12. Right Back Stance, Double
Block. Then twist both hands Knifehand Block, then Right Punch.
as if to grab the opponent’s Then step forward with the right
wrist and pull forward into… foot into Right Crane Back Stance
(i.e., left foot behind the right knee).
…into 9. Right Front Stance,

Right Punch. Then step with 10. Right Back Stance, slow
the left foot to turn left into Diamond Block. Then step left
Right Back Stance. with the left foot to turn left
For complete written instructions see into Right Back Stance.
http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Ilyeo
10/14/16 55
Majest Black Belt Curriculum
PALGWAE Black Belt Dan Gup
7 th Gup
Black Belt Poomsae
Koryo (first half)

Palgwae Poomsae
FORMS 6 th Gup
5 th Gup
Koryo
Koryo
Palgwae Il Jang
Palgwae Yi Jang
1 st Dan 4 th Gup Koryo Palgwae Sam Jang
Interesting Facts: 3 rd Gup Koryo Palgwae Sa Jang

Palgwae and Older Poomsae
2 nd Gup Koryo
1 st Gup Koryo
Palgwae (also spelled Palgwe) poomsae were primarily used in
Kukkiwon-style taekwondo from 1967 to 1971. Some people 6 th Gup Guhm-Kang* (first half) Palgwae Oh Jang
consider Palgwae to be “prettier” albeit more complex than
Taegeuk poomsae. Palgwae poomsae are also considered by 5 th Gup Guhm-Kang (first half) Palgwae Yook Jang
some to be more “traditional” than Taegeuk.
4 th GUp Guhm-Kang (first half) Palgwae Chil Jang
Vocabulary: 2 nd Dan
Taegeuk = Tae (“vastness”) + Geuk (“eternity”) – the word taegeuk 3 rd Gup Guhm-Kang Palgwae Pal Jang
refers to the unity of opposites, like the Chinese phrase tai chi
Palgwae = Pal (“eight”) + Gwae (“trigrams”) 2 nd Gup Guhm-Kang
1 st Gup Guhm-Kang
* Also spelled Gum-Kang, Keumgang, and Kumgang
Kukkiwon, the World

Taekwondo Headquarters
sponsored by the Korean
Ministry of Culture, Sports
and Tourism in the Gangnam
district of Seoul, South
Korea
10/14/16 56
Palgwae Il Jang 8. Right Front Stance, right Punch. Then step with the
left foot to turn 270 to the left into Back Stance.
11. Left Back Stance, rightward Double 9. Right Back Stance, leftward Double
Knifehand Block. Knifehand Block.
12. Right Back Stance, left Outside Block. 10. Left Back Stance, right Outside Block.
Then step left with the left foot to turn 90 to Then step right with the right foot to turn
the left. 180 to the right.
13. Left Front Stance, left Low Block.
7. Right Back Stance, left Outside Block.
14. Right Front Stance, right Knifehand Strike.

For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Palgwae_Il_Jang
15. Left Front Stance, left Knifehand Strike. 6. Left Back Stance, right Outside Block.

Kihap.
Then step with the left foot to turn 270 to the left.
19-20. Same as 3-4.

Baro, then end.
17-18. Same as 1-2.
2. Step forward to Right Front Stance, right 1. Left Front Joonbee 3. Right Front 4. Left Front Stance, left Outside Block.
Outside Block. (In this poomsae, all Outside Stance, left Low Then step left with Stance, right Low Then step left with the left foot to turn 90 to the left.
Blocks are done with the inner forearm.) Then Block. the left foot to Block.
step right with the right foot to turn 180 right. turn left.
10/14/16 57
Palgwae Ee Jang 8. Right Front Stance, right Punch. Then step with the left foot to turn 270 to the left.
Then steps 9-12 are the same as steps 1-4 (in other words, in this poomsae the first, second, and
11. Right Front Stance, right High Block. third lines are all identical).
12b. Left Front Stance, left Punch.
Then step left with the left foot to turn
90 to the left.
9. Left Front Stance, 10a. Right 10b. Right Punch. Then step right with
13. Right Back Stance, left Augmented Low Block. left High Block. Front Kick. the right foot to turn 180 right.
7. Left Front Stance, left High Block.

14. Left Back Stance, right Augmented Inner-Forearm Outside Block.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Palgwae_Ee_Jang
15. Right Back Stance, left Inner-Forearm Outside Block.

6. Left Back Stance, rightward Double Knifehand Block.

Kihap.
Then step with the left foot to turn 270 to the left.
5. Right Back Stance, leftward Low Double Knifehand Block.
17-18a-b. Same
as 1-2a-b. 19-20a-b. Same as 3-4a-b.
Baro, then end.
2b. Right Front Stance, 2a. Right 1. Left Front Joonbee 3. Right Front 4a. Left 4b. Left Front Stance, left
right Punch. Then step Front Kick. Stance, left High Then step left with Stance, right Front Kick. Punch. Then step left with
right with the right foot to Block. the left foot to High Block. the left foot to turn 90 left
turn 180 right. turn left.
10/14/16 58
Palgwae Sam Jang
9. Right Back Stance, leftward Double Knifehand Block.
8. Right Front Stance, right High 10. Step the right foot forward into Left Back Stance, rightward
Punch. Kihap. Then step left with the Double Knifehand Block.
left foot to turn 270 left. Then step right with the right foot to turn 180 right.
11-12. Mirror of 9-10. Double Knifehand Block,

step, Double Knifehand Block. Then step left with
the left foot to turn 90 left.
13. Right Back Stance, left Inner-Forearm Outside Block, looking left
(toward the bottom of the diagram). Then step the right foot to turn right.
Memory Aid - the way back (steps 13-18) is
• Two Outward Blocks, then
• Three Inward Blocks, then
14. Left Back Stance, Right Inner-Forearm Outside Block, facing right (toward 7. Left Front Stance,
• One Outward Block
the top of the diagram). Then step the right foot back to turn to the right. left High Block.
for a total of six blocks. The first and the last of these
six blocks face the starting position. The four blocks in
the center are facing the forward direction instead.
15. Left Inward Block, facing left (toward the top of the
Starting at step 13, the six blocks simply alternate arms:
diagram). Then step the left foot back to turn to the left.
• Left, Right, Left, Right, Left, Right, Left, Right
Starting at step 12 though, the turns of your body go:

6. Right Front Stance, • Left, Right, Right
16. Right Inward Block, looking right (toward the top). • Left, Right, Right
Then step the right foot back to turn to the right. right High Block.
• Left
…that final left is the 270 turn that takes you to step 19.
17. Left Inward Block, looking left (toward the top).

Then step the right foot back to turn to the right.
18. Left Back Stance, right Inner-Forearm Outside Block, facing right
(toward the bottom). Then step with the left foot to turn 270 left. 5. Left Front Stance,
left Low Block.
21. Right Front Stance, right High Block.
19. Left Front Stance, left High Block. 22. Left Front Stance, left High Punch.
20. Right Front Stance, right High Punch. Baro, then end.
2. Right Front Stance, 1. Left Front Stance, Joonbee 3. Right Low Block. 4. Left Punch.
right Punch. left Low Block.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Palgwae_Sam_Jang

10/14/16 59
Palgwae Sa Jang
Repeat the first line:
10. Step forward to Right Front 11. Right Back Stance, Diamond Block.
14-16. Mirror of 11-13. Then slide 12. No step, right Pulling Uppercut.
Stance, right Punch. Kihap. Hinge
the right foot leftward and step fists to the right, then step left with 13. Slide left foot to Parallel Stance, left
forward with the left foot to right Knifehand Side Strike. Then hinge your fists to
the left foot to turn 270 to the left.
Back Stance. the left.
17. Right Back Stance, double Knifehand Block.
18a. Right Front Kick. 9c. Complete the turn into Left Front
Stance, left Outward Hammerfist
Strike at temple-height.
9b. Lift the left leg to begin rotating to
18b. Right Supported Spearhand. the left. Chamber left fist toward the
right waist, elbow bent. Chamber the
19a-c. Pivot to the left, look over 8b. Right Front Stance, right right fist high near the left collar.
your right shoulder. Place your Supported Spearhand. 9a. Pivot to the left, look over your right shoulder.
right hand palm-in near your right Place your right hand to behind belt, palm facing
ear. Left hand palm-down outward. Place the left hand palm-down at the right
supports the right belt elbow. Lift 19c-d. Complete the turn into collarbone.
the left leg to begin rotating to left Front Stance, left Outward
the left. Your left hand is already Hammerfist Strike at abdomen 8a. Right Front Kick. Memory Aid:
high, so to chamber it, simply turn height. Steps 9 and 19 are both
it into a fist. 20. Step forward to Right counter-clockwise
Front Stance, right Punch. hammerfists. The first one
Kihap. Then step with the hits high, so chamber low.
7. Right Back Stance,
left foot to turn 270 left. The second one hits low, so
Double Knifehand Block.
chamber high.
21. Horse Stance, 23-24. Mirror

22. Pivot to left Left Low Side of 21-22. Baro,
Front Stance, right Block. then end.
Punch. Then pivoting to the
right, slide the left foot to
the right, slide the right foot 1. Right Back Stance, Diamond Block. Joonbee, then pull Mirror 1-3:
to the right, into Horse 2. No step, still looking left, right the left foot to the 4. Left Back Stance, Diamond Block.
Stance (step 23). Pulling Uppercut. right, hinge your 5. No step, left Pulling Uppercut.
3. Slide left foot rightward to Parallel fists to the right. 6. Slide right foot to Parallel Stance, right
Stance, left Knifehand Side Strike. Knifehand Side Strike.
Then pull the left foot to the right, Then slide the right foot to the left, then step
For complete written instructions see and hinge your fists to the left. the left foot forward to right Back Stance.
http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Palgwae_Sa_Jang
Palgwae Oh Jang
17b. Front Stance, Elbow
Target Strike.
Knifehand. Then step right
left inner-forearm with the right foot.
13. Right Front Stance, right Outside Block.
Supported Spearhand. Then step 15a-b. Right-left 16. Crane Stance to
19-23. Mirror of 14-18. with the left foot to turn 270 left. Double Punch.
17a. Left Side Kick
Then step left with the left and left Punch
foot.

Scissors Block (left-arm low).
12. Left Front Stance, left Augmented

25. Left Back Stance, right Inner-Forearm Outside Block.
Augmented Low Block.
11. Right Front Stance, right Augmented

Inner-Forearm Outside Block.
26. Right Back Stance, left

Augmented Low Block.
10. Left Front Stance, Scissors Block (left-arm low).

27. Right Front Stance, right 4. Right Back
Punch. Kihap. Then step with Stance, left
the left foot to turn 270 left. right Punch. Then step
right with the right foot. Palmheel.
28-31. Repeat 2-5. 2. Right Back 6-9. Mirror 2-5. Then

32-35. Repeat 6-9. Stance, Low step left with the left
3. Left Back Stance, Double Knifehand. Joonbee then
Baro, then end. foot.
Double Knifehand. Then Then step forward. 1. Slide the left foot back to
slide the right foot back. right Front Stance, Scissors
Block (right-arm low). Then
step left with the left foot to
turn 90 left.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Palgwae_Oh_Jang
Palgwae Yook Jang
8. Back Stance, Low
Double Knifehand.
7b. Hop to Cross Stance,
11-13b-c. Mirror 8-10b-c. Then step right Augmented Backfist 9. Front Stance, Outer-
left with the left foot to turn 90 left. Strike. Kihap. Then pivot Forearm Opening Block.
270 left.
Knifehand. Then slide the left
foot forward to Front Stance.
10a. Right
15. Swallowform Palm
Front Kick.
Strike.
10b-c. Right Front Stance,
right-left Double Punch.
16a. Right Front Kick. 7a. Right Then step right with the
Front Kick. right foot to turn 180 right.
16b. Right Backfist Strike.

Kihap.
17a. Left Front Kick. 5-6. Left Front Stance, left

Low Block, then Swallowform
Knifehand Strike.
17b. Left High Block.
18a. Right Side Kick.
18b. Left Back Stance,

Double Knifehand
1. Right Back Joonbee
Block. Then pivot 2b. Right Front Stance, 2a. Right Stance, Double 3-4a-b. Mirror of 1-2a-b.
leftward in-place. Then step left with
right Punch. Then step Front Kick. Knifehand Block. the left foot to Then step left with the
right with the right foot left foot to turn 90 left.
turn left.
to turn 180 right.
19. Right Back Stance,
Double Knifehand
Block. Baro, then
end.
For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Palgwae_Yook_Jang

Palgwae Chil Jang 4b. Left Back Stance, Double
Knifehand Block. Then step left with 6-7. Slide left foot forward.
the left foot to turn left. Right Punch. Left High Block.
10-14. Mirror of 5-9. Then step left 5. Right Back Stance, Inner- 8a. Right 8b. Low Double
with the left foot to turn 90 left. Forearm Outside Block. Side Kick. Knifehand Block.
4a. Right 9. Right Front Stance,

Side Kick. left Punch. Then step
right with the right foot
15. Left Front Stance, Low Cross Block. to turn 180 right.
18. Horse Stance looking right,
16. No step, High Cross Block. 3b. Left Front Stance, High Cross Block.
right Low Side Block. Then step
17. No step, high twist and pull, then
left with the left foot.
right High Punch. Kihap. Then step
forward with the right foot to turn 270
to the left. 19. Left Front Stance, Outward
Knifehand Strike.
20a. Right Target Kick.
2b. Right Front Stance, Inner-

20b. Horse Stance, right Elbow
Forearm Opening Block.
Target Strike. Then slide to the
right.
http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Palgwae_Chil_Jang
21. Single Mountain Block looing

left. Then slide the left foot to the
right, and slide the right foot to
Right Back Stance.
Low Opening Block.
23. Pivot to Left Front Stance,

22. Double Knifehand Block. right Punch. Baro, then end.
Joonbee
Then step forward
with the left foot
10/14/16 63
Palgwae Pal Jang
Outward Knifehand Strike.

11. Right Back Stance, left
knifehand to right shoulder.
13. Pivot back to Horse

Stance, Left Elbow Side
Punch. Kihap. Then
12. Pivot 45 right, and left

through Closed Stance
Then slide left foot to

Stance, right High
Horse Stance, Hinge.

16. Step left foot to
17a. Slide and step
to left Back Stance.
10. Right Front
14. Inner-forearm
turn left 270.

http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Palgwae_Pal_Jang
Closed Stance.
Outside Block.
Strike.
17b-22. Mirror of 11-16. Then slide the right
pivot 180 counter-clockwise into Left Front Stance.

27b. Step down into right Front Stance, left Elbow
foot to pivot 90 to the right to Closed Stance.
Target Strike. Then step left with the left foot to

27a. Right Side Kick with right Punch.
15. Right Punch.

23a. Closed Stance, Hinge Block.
23b. Raise the left foot to Crane Stance. 9a. Pivot left, right-arm out, left-arm tucked in,
finish 360 counter-clockwise turn to 9b. Right
Back Stance, left Outward Backfist Strike.
24a. Left Side Kick with left Punch.
8. Front Stance, Supported Spearhand.
28a. Left Front Stance, Outer-

Forearm Opening Block. 24b. Step down into Left Front Stance,
28b. No step, Double Uppercut right Elbow Target Strike. Slide the right 7. Back Stance, Double Knifehand Block.
foot to Horse-riding Stance.
25. Horse-riding Stance,

29a. Right Front Hinge Block. Then slide left
Stance, Opening
Crane Stance.
26. Raise the
foot to right foot to Closed

right foot to
Block. Stance, in preparation for

29b. No step, 4-6. Mirror of 1-3. Then step left
the next Crane Stance.
2. Slide left foot back to Walking Stance,

with the left foot to turn 90 left.
left Downward Hammerfist Strike. Then

Then step right with the right foot
Double Uppercut.
Joonbee
Then step the left

foot forward into
30.
Right Back Stance.
to turn 180 to the right.
step the right foot forward.

31. 30. Right Back Stance, left Knifehand Inward Block. Then
step with the right foot to turn 270 clockwise.
31. Horse-riding Stance, right Rear Elbow Strike. Then step
back with the left foot to turn counter-clockwise.
32. Closed stance, Overlapped Hands.
32. 33. Slide the left foot left to Horse Stance, Escape Posture.
33.
35. 34. 34. Slide right, twist right to punch to the rear with the left hand.
35. Slide left, twist left to punch to the rear with the right hand. Baro, then end.
Original Koryo 6. Left Long Stance, left Four-Knuckle
7b. Without stepping, left
Before 1972, when the Palgwae forms were still in Punch. Then slide right foot Throat Strike. Then step with the right foot
common use, this was the original form of Koryo. forward into Long Stance. to pivot clockwise into left Back Stance.
For complete written instructions see 7a. Left Back Stance,
http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Original_Koryo Knifehand Block.
5. Right Long Stance, right High Block. Then
8a-b. Right Long Stance, grab the step forward with the left foot.
opponent’s head and pull down while
performing a left Knee Strike. Step the
left foot down into Cross Stance.
4. Horse-riding Stance looking forward,
10. Left Long Stance, Opening Block. (Some schools Low Cross Block. Then step the right foot
do this as a Low Opening Block, some as a mid- to pivot clockwise into right Long Stance.
height Inner-Forearm Opening Block. 11 10 9. Cross Stance (right foot behind),
9
11. Without stepping, grab behind the opponent’s low Cross Block. Then slide the
head with the left hand… right foot back into Long Stance.
3b. Right Side Kick with a Right Outward

12a. …then step with the right foot to pivot Hammerfist Strike. Then step down with
counterclockwise into Horse-riding Stance looking the right foot into Horse-riding Stance.
12b. Right Back, left Knifehand
right, right Elbow Target Strike. Then step back Low Block. Then step back with the
slightly with the left foot to pivot left foot into Left Back Stance. 3a. Crane Stance with hinge chamber,
counterclockwise into Right Back Stance looking looking right.
left.
2. Left Long Stance, Right Four-Knuckle

13. Left Back Stance, right 20 Throat Strike. Then lift the right foot and
Outward Knifehand Block. pivot counterclockwise to Crane Stance.
Then shuffle backward.
Joonbee
then slide
the right 1. Right Back Stance,
19 foot back. Double Knifehand Block.
14. Left Back Stance, right Then slide the left foot
Inward Block. Then step forward into Long Stance.
back with the right foot.
20. Land into left Long Stance. Left-right Double Punch. Baro then end.
19. Step down with the left foot, then left Jump Front Kick.
18 18. Pull opponent’s head down into left Front Kick.
15. Right Back Stance, left Inward Block. Pivot 180

16. Rotate 360 clockwise into right Long
clockwise without stepping, then step with the left foot
(pivoting on the right foot) to finish a full 360 clockwise Stance, right Outward Backfist Strike.
16 17
rotation. 17. Without stepping, left High Outward Twist Block,
as if again grabbing the back of the opponent’s head.
10/14/16 65
APPENDICES
Parts of the Body: Nun Nun-sseob Nun-kkeopul Song-nun-sseob
Mom Ppyeo Meori-kal 논 Eye 눈썹 Eyebrow 눈꺼풀 Eyelid 속눈썹 Eye Lashes
몸 Body 뼈 Bone 머리칼 Hair
Salgat Geunyuk Meori Ima Ko Kos-gumeong Kos-dae
살갗 Skin 근육 Muscles 머리 Head 이마 Forehead 코 Nose 콧구멍 Nostrils 콧대 Bridge of Nose
Pi Eolgul
Bol Gwi Ib Ib-sul I Hyeo In-jung 얼굴 Face
피 Blood
볼 Cheek 귀 Ear 입 Mouth 입술 Lip 이 Tooth 혀 Tongue 인중 Philtrum
Mok Mok-gumeong Teok
Olyeo Deung 목 Neck 목구멍Throat 턱 Chin & Jaw
올려 High Section Swaegol Son Son-karak Eomji
등 Back
Eokkae 쇄골 Collarbone 손 Hand 손가락 Finger 엄지 Thumb
Deung-ppyeo 어깨 Shoulder Kaseum Son-badak Son-tob
등뼈 Spine 가슴 Chest Son-mok, Pal-mok 손바닥 Palm 손톱 Fingernail
Gyeo-deu-lang-i Hyung-goi 손목, 팔목 Wrist
겨드랑이 Armpit Son-deung Son-kkeut
Techniques 흉골 Sternum 손등 Back of the hand 손끝 Fingertips
Seogi Myong-chi Pal-ttug
Yeop-guli
서기 Stance 묭치 Solar Plexus 팔뚝 Forearm
옆구리 Ribs area
Mom-tong Chagi Bae Bae-kkop Pal-kup, Pal-kkumchi Jumeog Me-jumeog
Kko-li-ppyeo
몸통 Middle Section 차기 Kick 배 Stomach 배꼽 Navel 주먹 Fist 메주먹 Hammer Fist
꼬리뼈 Tailbone 팔굽, 팔꿈치 Elbow Pal
/ Torso Heoli Deung-jumeog
Makgi Eong-deong-i 허리 Waist 팔 Arm
막기 Block 등주먹 Backfist
어덩이 Hips Sat
Jireugi 샅 Groin Heo-beok-ji Son-nal
지르기 Punch 허벅지 Thigh 손날 Hand Blade (Knifehand)
(closed hand strikes) Son-nal-deung
Mu-reup 손날등 Ridge Hand (Reverse Hand Blade)
Chigi Dari 무릎 Knee
Arae 치기 Strike Ageum-son
다리 Leg 아금손 Arc Hand
아래 Low Section (open hand strikes) Jeong-gang-i
http://taekwondo.wikia.com/wiki/Taekwondo_Vocabulary
정강이 Shin Batang-son
Jjcireugi 바탕손 Palm Heel
찌르기 Thrust Jong-ali
종아리 Calf Bal-deung
Directions & Modifiers
Dwi Ap 발등 Instep Bal-karak Bal-kkeut
Bal-mok
뒤 Back Direction 앞 Front Direction 발목 Ankle Dwi-kkumchi 발가락 Toe 발끝 Tips of the Toes
뒤꿈치 Back of the Heel
Bal
Yeop Ttwimyeo Bal-tob
Bal-nal 발 Foot
옆 Side Direction 뛰며 Jumping Dwi-chuk Bal-badak
발날 Foot Blade 발톱 Toenail
Dollyeo Bitureo 뒤축 Bottom of the Heel 발바닥 Sole
돌려 Turning 비틀어 Twisting Technique: “Baleun Bal”
Bal-nal-deung Ap-chuk
Bandal Kodureo 빠른 발 Fast Foot (kick)
발날등 Inside Foot (Reverse Foot Blade) 앞축 Ball of the Foot
반달 Crescent 거들어 Assisted Common Terms
Nae-ryeo Olyeo Dojang Dobok Dhee Gyeorugi Gyeokpa Hosinsool Poomsae
내려 Downward 올려 Upward 도장 School 도복 Uniform 띠 Belt 겨루기 Sparring 격파 Breaking 호신술 Self-Defense 품새 Forms
An Bakkat Sabumnim Dan Gup Kyeong-nye Kihap Joonbee Shijak
안 Inner 바깥 Outer 사범님 Master 단 Black Belt level 급 Color Belt level 경례 Bow 기합 Yell 준비 Ready 시작 Begin
Combining Simple Korean Terms to Name Basic Techniques
모아 서기 나란히 서기 뒷 굽이
Moa Seogi Narani Seogi Dwit Gubi
Literally, Literally, Literally,

Gathered Stance Side-by-side Stance Rear Flexible
Olyeo aka Closed Stance aka Parallel Stance aka Back Stance
올려 High Section
주춤 서기 앞 서기
Juchum Seogi Ap Seogi
Techniques
Seogi Horse Riding Stance Literally,
서기 Stance Front Stance
aka Walking Stance
Mom-tong Chagi
몸통 Middle Section 차기 Kick
/ Torso
Makgi 앞 굽이 Ap Gubi
꼬아 서기 범 서기
막기 Block Literally, Front Flexible aka Long Stance
Kkoa Seogi Beom Seogi
Jireugi
지르기 Punch Literally, Tiger Stance
(closed hand strikes) Twist Stance
안 팔목
aka Cross Stance
An Palmok
Chigi
Arae 치기 Strike Inner Wrist
아래 Low Section (open hand strikes)
옆서기 학다리 서기
Jjcireugi Yeop Seogi Hakdari Seogi 바깥 팔목
찌르기 Thrust Bakkat Palmok
Side Stance Crane Stance
Dwi Ap Outer Wrist
뒤 Back Direction 앞 Front Direction
Yeop Ttwimyeo
옆 Side Direction 뛰며 Jumping
Dollyeo Bitureo 옆 지르기 내려 지르기 뒤 지르기
돌려 Turning 비틀어 Twisting Yeop Jireugi Nae-ryeo Jireugi Dwi Jireugi
Bandal Kodureo
반달 Crescent 거들어 Assisted Side Punch Downward Punch Rear Punch
Nae-ryeo Olyeo
내려 Downward 올려 Upward
An Bakkat
안 Inner 바깥 Outer
Combining Simple Korean Terms to Name Basic Techniques
내려 막기 올려 막기 몸통 막기
Nae-ryeo Makgi Olyeo Makgi Mom-tong Makgi
Downward Block Upward Block Middle-section Block
or High-section Block aka Middle Block
also called aka High Block
Olyeo also called
올려 High Section 아래 막기
Arae Makgi 안 막기
Low-Section Block An Makgi
aka Low Block Inner Block
Techniques 바깥 막기 Momtong Sonnal

Seogi Bakkat Makgi Kodureo Momtong
서기 Stance Outer Block Bakkat Kodureo
aka Outside Block Makgi Bakkat
Mom-tong Chagi Makgi
몸통 Middle Section 차기 Kick
or
/ Torso Knifehand
Makgi Bakkat Pal-Mok Middle Section
Middle Section
막기 Block Bakkat Makgi Assisted
Assisted
Outer-Wrist Outward
Jireugi Outside Block Block Outward
지르기 Punch Block
(closed hand strikes)
내려 차기 앞 차기 옆 차기
Chigi Nae-ryeo Chagi Ap Chagi Yeop Chagi
Arae 치기 Strike
아래 Low Section (open hand strikes) Downward Kick Front Kick Side Kick
aka Axe Kick
Jjcireugi
찌르기 Thrust
Dwi Ap
뒤 Back Direction 앞 Front Direction
Yeop Ttwimyeo 앞 돌려 뒤 차기 Additional Techniques:
옆 Side Direction 뛰며 Jumping 차기 Dwi Chagi
Dollyeo Bitureo Baleun Bal = Fast Foot aka Skip Roundhouse
Ap Dollyeo
돌려 Turning 비틀어 Twisting Chagi Back Kick Dolgae Chagi = Whirling Kick aka Tornado Kick
Bandal Kodureo
Bandal Chagi = Crescent Kick
반달 Crescent 거들어 Assisted Front Turning
Nae-ryeo Olyeo Kick An Chagi = Inward (Crescent) Kick
내려 Downward 올려 Upward aka Roundhouse
Bakkat Chagi = Outward (Crescent) Kick
An Bakkat
안 Inner 바깥 Outer Hwe Chuk = Arcing Heel aka Back Hook Kick
Call to position…
Taekwondo Sparring Vocabulary
청 Chung! Hong! 홍 Chay-reot! 차렷 Kyung-nye! 경례
Blue! Red! Attention! Bow!
Referee gestures first to his right, then Referee inspects sparring gear for Referee aims both hands upward, to Referee rotates both arms inward, to
to his left. Blue is always on the right. safety. indicate attention. indicate a bow.
Joonbee! 준비 Shijak! 시작 Gahllyeo! 갈려 Gyay-sok! 계속

Ready! Begin! Pause! Resume!
Left leg forward, referee places right Referee slides left leg back, and closes When needed, referee chops right arm To resume the match, referee steps
arm between opponents. arms, almost as if about to clap. down between opponents to pause. back and raises arm.
Hong – Kyong-go! 경고 Hong – Gam-jeum! Geuman! 그만 Seung – Hong! 승

Red - Warning Red - Penalty! End! Winner - Red! 2
3
1
2
1
1
Referee faces opponent, swings right Referee faces opponent, points right To end a round or match, referee chops Referee raises appropriate arm from
arm from shoulder toward opponent. arm at opponent, then down, then up. right arm down between opponents. opposite waist up to winner’s direction.
Ancient Korean Martial Arts
When the Mongols invaded Korea in 1231 C.E., they destroyed most of the written records,
meaning we have no written records about ancient Korean martial arts. What little we know is
inferred from ancient sculptures and murals.
The stone sculpture known as the
Kumgang Yoksa depicts two figures, each
about 2 meters tall, flanking either side
of a doorway in a Buddhist temple in
ancient Silla. The sculpture appears to
depict two men in unarmed combat. The
sculpture has been dated to the 8th
Century C.E.
Ancient Korean martial arts had names

such as taekkyon and subak, though little
is known about these martial arts. The
modern name taekwondo was chosen in
part because it sounds a bit like
taekkyon.
Hwarang
In ancient Silla, the Hwarang were an elite group of young scholar-warriors. Hwarang knights
studied philosophy, the arts and sciences, mental discipline, and armed and unarmed combat.
The Hwarang are credited with spreading the martial arts tradition in ancient Korea. Much like
European knights, for over a thousand years stories of the Hwarang have been featured in
Korean poetry, literature, plays, movies and now television.
In the video game Tekken, the

character Hwoarang is named for
the Hwarang. The character’s
movements were motion-
captured from a taekwondo black
belt named Su-il Hwang.
Taekkyon
Between World War I and World War II, the practice of martial arts was prohibited in Korea due
to the occupation by Imperial Japan, so most of the ancient martial arts traditions of Korea have
been lost to history. Some people in Korea still practice an art called taekkyon, but historians do
not know how much of ancient taekkyon has survived in the modern style.
Like taekwondo, modern taekkyon places an emphasis on
kicking. The movements are rhythmic and dance-like.
Modern taekkyon schools will sometimes practice 5-on-5
sparring!
Muye Dobo Tongji
The first written record that we have regarding ancient Korean unarmed martial arts is the book Muye
Dobo Tongji, published in 1795 C.E. (just shortly after the U.S. became a country!). The title translates
as “The Comprehensive Illustrated Manual of Martial Arts”. Most of the chapters instruct the reader
on the use of weapons in combat (spears, swords, bows, etc.), but one chapter instructs on the topic
of unarmed techniques. It even includes “forms” – just like modern taekwondo.
1. Two contestants stand with their hands on their left and right sides respectively.
2, 3. Initially make the Tammase (Scouting Horse Posture) striking and pulling the left
shoulder with the right hand.
4, 5. Immediately make the Yoranjuse (Breaking Bird Elbow Posture) striking and pulling
the right shoulder with the left hand.
6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Move forward and make the Hyunkak Huheese (False Prey Posture) kicking
the right hand with the right foot and the left hand with the left foot, then the right hand
with the right foot.
11, 12. Immediately make the Sunranjuse (Docile Bird Wing Posture) turning to the left
once and hitting the right foot once with the left hand.
13. Continuing, make the Chilsung Kwonse (Seven Star Fist Posture) cleaning the fist from
left to right.
14. Make the Kosapyungse (Four Levels Posture) punching to the front once with the
right hand and left leg.
16. Make the Dosahpse (Throwing Posture) and raising both hands high and looking back.
17, 18. Turn the body around to the rear, making Ilsahpbose (Drizzling Walking Posture)
placing the right hand under the right armpit.
19. Make the Yodanpyunse (Single Whip Posture), jumping one step and striking the right
buttocks.
20. Make the Bokhose (Prone Tiger Posture) moving forward and squatting.
21. Stand up, turning to the right, making the Hyunkak Huheese (False Prey Posture).
22. Make the Hasahpse (Pinning Posture) turning to the left once and kicking the right
hand with the left foot once.
23. Immediately make the Dangdupose (High Block Posture), blocking to the front with
the left hand and covering the forehead with the right hand.
1945(7) Hwan Kee opens
The first five post-WW II martial arts schools in Korea

The Five Kwans Ancient
Chinese
Moo Duk Kwan (“the
railroad dojang”) at the
martial
Yong San railway station
traditions in Seoul
(kung fu, 1936: Hwang Kee (1914-
quanfa, 2002) studies Quanfa in
wushu, etc.) China; also studied taekkyon
and Shotokan as a teen
1945(6): Byung Jick Ro opens 1946: Lt. Choi Hong

Song Moo Kwan ("the pine tree Hi begins teaching
school") in Kaesong, then later at Kwang Ju military
in an archery school in Seoul base
1926: Won Kuk ~1935: Byung ~1938: Choi Hong
Funakoshi 1945: Won Kuk Lee opens
Lee Jick Ro Hi (1918-2002)
Gichin (1868- (1907-2002) (1919-) Chung Do Kwan (“the blue wave
1957) studies Shotokan;
studies Shotokan; studies school”, “the police dojang”) in
Shotokan reportedly also
reportedly also Shotokan studied taekkyon Seoul
studied taekkyon as a teen
and quanfa as a
teen
1946: Byung In Yoon begins

teaching at Kungsung
Agricultural High School, then
establishes YMCA Kwon Bop Bu
Ankō Itosu at the Jong Ro YMCA in Seoul
Kanken 1937: Byung In Yoon
(1831-1915)
Toyoma (1920-1983) studies
“The Father of
(1888-1966) Shūdōkan; reportedly also
Modern
Shūdōkan studied quanfa as a teen
Karate”
World War II
1939-1945
Kenwa
~1940: Kwe Byung
Mabuni
Yoon (1922-2000)
(1889-1952)
studies Shitō-ryū
Shitō-ryū
1931: Kyung
Suk Lee founds
0
a Judo school
in Seoul: 1946: Sang Sap Chun
Occupation by Imperial Japan Chosun Yun takes over Yun Moo
begins 1910 Moo Kwan Kwan and teaches karate
1945(7) Hwan Kee opens Moo 1958: Hwang Kee removes his 1960: After incorporating Majest
The Evolution of Taekwondo Duk Kwan (“the railroad
dojang”) at the Yong San
railway station in Seoul
art (now called Tang Soo Do)
from the KTA’s taekwondo
unification efforts
elements of the Muye Dobo
Tongji, Hwang Kee renames
his martial art Su Bak Do
1960: Young Tae Kim, Chong 1979: Seung Min Choi

Korean War Soo Hong, and others begins studying
1950-1953 continue to teach Moo Duk Kukkiwon-style
Kwan-style martial arts taekwondo at modern
Moo Duk Kwan
1945(6): Byung Jick Ro opens 1961: A newly reformed KTA 1967: Schools under
Song Moo Kwan ("the pine tree (Korea Taekwondo the KTA adopt the
school") in Kaesong, then later Association) begins to Palgwae poomsae and
in an archery school in Seoul consolidate the styles of the the Kukki-style of
Nine Kwans taekwondo
1971: The Taegeuk
1946: Byung In Yoon begins 1953: With Byung In Yoon poomsae replace the
1953: Hong Jong Pyo Palgwae poomsae
teaching at Kungsung missing after the Korean War,
and Park Chul Hee of 1972: The Kukkiwon
Agricultural High School, then Lee Nam Suk and Kim Soon
YMCA Kwon Bop Bu opens
establishes YMCA Kwon Bop Bu Bae restart YMCA Kwon Bop
open Kang Duk Kwan 1973: The WTF is
at the Jong Ro YMCA in Seoul Bu as Chang Moo Kwan
established
1945: Won Kuk Lee opens 1946: Lt. Choi 1950: Col. Choi 1955: Gen. Choi Hong Hi and Nam 1966: Choi Hong Hi splits
Chung Do Kwan (“the blue wave Hong Hi begins Hong Hi takes over Tae Hi open Oh Do Kwan, which is from the KTA to establish
school”, “the police dojang”) in teaching at Kwang as honorary head of associated with military-style ITF / Chang-hon style
Seoul Ju military base Chung Do Kwan martial arts training taekwondo
1969: An instructor in the Korean

1954: Lee Yong Woo
military, Haeng Ung Lee
of Chung Do Kwan
emigrates to Omaha and
opens Jung Do Kwan
establishes ATA-style taekwondo.
1957: Jhoon Rhee, a student of Chung Do

Kwan, emigrates from Korea to San Antonio,
and then to Washington DC, establishing the
Jhoon Rhee style of taekwondo
1946: Sang Sap Chun takes over 1953: With Sang Sap Chun missing
as head of Yun Moo Kwan judo after the war, Kwe Byung Yoon and
school and teaches karate Chong Woo Lee reopen Yun Moo
instead Kwan as Ji Do Kwan
blue = original 5 kwans
1956: Another student of Sang Sap
red = the 4 major annex kwans Chun at Yun Moo Kwan, Lee Kyo
Yoon, opens his own school after the
green = other styles of taekwondo Korean War, Han Moo Kwan
The Kukkiwon and Taekwondowon
As the “World Taekwondo Headquarters”, Kukkiwon is the style- Like the Kukkiwon, the Taekwondowon campus is an academy for
defining organization for the style of taekwondo practiced by the instruction in taekwondo, sponsored by the Taekwondo Promotion
WTF and in the Olympics. Located in the capital of Seoul and Foundation within the Ministry for Cultures, Sports, and Tourism.
completed in 1970, Kukkiwon is supervised by the Ministry for Taekwondowon is located about 3-hours south of Seoul, in Muju
Cultures, Sports, and Tourism in the South Korean government. The County of the North Jeolla Province. Construction began in 2007 and
facility includes a main stadium, locker rooms, clinic for sports was completed in 2013. Facilities include a large arena, training
injuries, classrooms, management offices, and a taekwondo museum. centers, a theater, a museum, a restaurant, and dormitories.
10/14/16 77
Some Common Styles of Taekwondo
American Taekwondo Association (ATA)

taekwondo was started by an instructor in
the Korean military who emigrated to the
United States in 1969, so it more closely
resembles ITF taekwondo than WTF
taekwondo.
Older styles of taekwondo – often called
ATA schools are organized as franchises Traditional Taekwondo – are similar to
At Majest Martial Arts we study Kukkiwon International Taekwon-do Federation (ITF) rather than as independent businesses. Its Korean martial art of tang soo do. These are
taekwondo, as practiced by the World taekwondo predates WTF taekwondo, but forms, called songahm forms, are the styles of taekwondo that were originally
Taekwondo Federation (WTF). This style of is not recognized by the IOC. In fact, there copyrighted. Essentially, ATA taekwondo is a practiced in the 1940s and 1950s in Korea
taekwondo is sometimes called “sport” are multiple organizations around the more tightly-knit business than the loose (before the term taekwondo was even in
taekwondo since it is the style recognized world that call themselves the ITF. ITF federation of schools that form WTF and ITF. popular use). In the United States, tang soo
by the International Olympic Committee schools practice chang hon forms. ITF logos do’s most famous practitioner is the actor
(IOC). This is the style of taekwondo that is typically incorporate a “punching fist” into ATA uniforms are recognizable by their Chuck Norris. Chuck Norris has a grizzly-bear
promoted by the government of South the logo; the more modern version uses a patches…many, many patches. carpet in his room; the bear isn’t dead, it’s
Korea, through the Ministry for Culture, stylized multi-colored fist. just afraid to move.
Sports, and Tourism.
ITF uniforms usually have black trim along Traditional taekwondo styles often use
For color belts, WTF uniforms are typically the bottom of the shirts. pyong ahn and other forms. Forms are called
solid white. Black Belts have black trim hyeong, the same name originally used by
around their collars. ITF forms are now called teul but were ITF taekwondo. Hyeong are often organized
originally called hyeong. Chang hon forms around two parallel line, a center line, and
Kukkiwon forms are called poomsae. are named after famous Korean historical two additional angled-lines.
Originally, Kukkiwon taekwondo used figures, such as kings, generals, and
palgwae poomsae for color belts, but later scholars. ITF forms are typically organized Like Kukkiwon/WTF, the ATA uses the word
replaced those with taegeuk poomsae. along parallel lines or crosses. poomsae for forms. Songahm forms are
Taegeuk poomsae are always organized organized like eight-pointed star. The
along three lines, reminiscent of the practitioner starts in the middle of the star
trigrams from the Chinese I Ching, an and then moves back and forth among the
ancient method of divination. eight points to execute his or her steps.
2
1
The I Ching – “The Book of Changes”
The word divination means “to
uncover hidden truths”. Divination is
often associated with “fortune telling”,
but fortune tellers presumably also tell
you hidden truths about the present or
the past. In the West, we have many
traditions of divination: tarot cards,
In Asia, one ancient method of crystal balls, reading tea leaves (like in
divination is called the I Ching. You Harry Potter!), and many others.
toss coins. Depending on how the
coins land, you interpret the coins The meanings of I Ching trigrams
as broken lines or solid lines. A set Trigram Nature Direction Family Body Attribute State Animal
The sky, the Northwest Father Head Strong Creative Horse
of three lines is called a trigram (or heavens
“gwae”). There are eight possible Lake

(Strong Mind)
West Third
daughter
Mouth Pleasure Tranquility,
devotion
Sheep,
goat
combinations, so there are “pal Fire South Second Eye Light-giving Clarity, Pheasant
gwae”. daughter adaptability
Thunder East First son Foot Inspiring Initiative Dragon
movement
A set of two trigrams is called a Wind Southeast First Thigh Penetrating Gentle Fowl
daughter entrance
hexagram. By interpreting the Water North Second Ear Dangerous In motion Pig
trigrams and hexagrams, fortune son
Mountain Northeast Third son Hand Resting Completion Wolf,
tells can presumably reveal hidden dog
truths. The earth, Southwest Mother Abdomen Devoted Receptive Cow
the ground
The Lines of Taegeuk Poomsae
Each Taegeuk Poomsae has three lines. On each line, there is a 180 degree turn.
• If the turn involves a pivot-in-place, that represents a broken line
• If the turn involves stepping with the foot to turn, that represents a solid line
The lines of each Taegeuk poomsae mimic a trigram from the I Ching, an ancient method of divination. In the I Ching, each
trigram has its own meaning. The techniques in each poomsae are performed to reflect the meaning of the trigram.
Taegeuk Sam Jang (“fire”)

step to turn = solid line
Line 3:
step to
turn
Line 2: pivot = broken line
pivot to
turn
Line 1: step to turn
step to turn = solid line
The trigram ☲ means “fire” –

this poomsae should be
performed with crackle and pop,
like the flames of an open fire
The Meaning of Taegeuk Poomsae
Taegeuk Il Jang When doing this form, think of the sky, upright and open. Most of the stances in this form are upright
and tall, like the sky. The hand movements are wide and open like the sky, not covering the torso of
Majest green belt form
the body like the assisted blocks in later forms.
18 steps, ☰, 天, 건 (gun - sky)
Taegeuk Yi Jang When doing this form, think of a strong mind, focused and resolute, like a calm lake. This form
requires precise control, like in the transitions from walking stances to long stances.
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18steps, ☱, 澤, 태 (tae – strong mind)
Taegeuk Sam Jang When doing this form, think of an open fire, popping and crackling. For example when you transition
from the knifehand block to the punch, you do not step forward – you quickly slide the front foot
Majest blue belt form
forward and punch, like the crackle and pop of an open fire.
20 steps, ☲, 火, 이 (yi - fire)
Taegeuk Sa Jang When doing this form, think of thunder, powerful and dignified. The power can be seen in the
introduction of side kicks to this form, striking outward with power, over a long distance, like a
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thunderstorm.
20 steps, ☳, 雷, 진, (jin - thunder)
Taegeuk Oh Jang When doing this form, think of the wind, strong and agile. This form introduces very strong arm
movements, like the hammer fists and the elbow strikes. The agility of the wind is seen in the
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complex transitions on the middle line, from high block to side kick to elbow strike in one motion.
20 steps, ☴, 風, 손 (seon - wind)
Taegeuk Yook Jang When doing this form, think of water, flowing around your opponent and wearing him down, like
water flows around obstacles. When you perform the twist block and roundhouse kick, you are
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flowing like water. At the end of the form, as you step backward to the beginning, you are like water
23 steps, ☵, 水, 감 (gam – water)
flowing back to its source.
Taegeuk Chil Jang When doing this form, think of a mountain, unmovable and solid. In most forms, the blocks deflect
incoming blows, but in this form, the low cross block stops the opponent’s kick, because you are
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solid, immovable, like a mountain. The many tiger stances in this form reflect the tigers who live in he
25 steps, ☶, 山, 간 (gan – mountain)
mountains.
Taegeuk Pal Jang When doing this form, think of the ground, the solid foundation of the world that covers everything.
This form reviews the skills and techniques of all the previous forms, and ensures that you have a
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good foundation for the black belt forms that follow.
24 steps, ☷, 地, 곤 (gon – ground)
The Ingenuity of Taegeuk Poomsae
In 1965 the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) appointed a In 1967, this committee introduced the Palgwe and Yudanja
committee of representatives from six kwans to develop the (Black Belt) forms (including a simpler version of Koryo). In 1971
poomsae for Kukki-style taekwondo. The committee consisted two additional kwans joined the committee:
of: • Chong Woo Lee of Ji Do Kwan
• Young Sup Lee of Song Moo Kwan • Young Ki Bae also of Ji Do Kwan
• Kyo Yoon Lee of Han Moo Kwan • Young Tae Han of Moo Duk Kwan
• Man Hae Park of Chung Do Kwan This expanded committee went on to develop the Taegeuk
• Jong Myun Hyun of Oh Do Kwan forms, and a newer version of Koryo. The new Taegeuk forms
• Soon Bae Kim of Chang Moo Kwan introduced upright stances earlier in the student’s training, to
• Either Gun Sik Kwak or Hae Man Park of Chung Do Kwan better prepare the student for early sparring.
(different sources cite different names)
Taegeuk Sam Jang It’s interesting to think about all

the things that had to go through
turn the designer’s minds when
designing these forms:
• What new techniques should

we introduce at each level?
pivot
• How can we make the footwork
of each poomsae reflect the
shape of the associated
trigram?
turn
• What techniques can we
introduce in each form that
reflect the meaning of that
trigram?
Yudanja Poomsae
Each black belt form has a floor pattern, as well as a unique name.
• The name of the form refers to a specific concept in Korean culture. For example, Koryo (the first form) is the ancient name for Korea.
• The floor pattern of each form traces out the shape of a Chinese character or symbol; each symbol has a meaning. For example, Koryo’s floor
pattern traces out the symbol seonbae, meaning “wise elder.” These 9 meanings reflect the nine characteristics that should be exhibited by a
taekwondo master.
Form Meaning Floor Meaning of Characteristic

Koryo Level Belt
Name of Name Pattern Symbol
Symbol
of a Master
Koryo Ancient name seonbae Wise,
1st Dan I
고려 for “Korea” “wise elder” Indomitable
Keumgang Diamond Unbreakable,
2nd Dan II mountain
금강 Mountain1 Unyielding
Taebaek Ultimate bridge between
3rd Dan III Spiritual
태백 Brightness2 heaven and earth
Pyeongwon
4th Dan IIII Vast Plain the plain Peaceful
평원
Sipjin The ten eternal Long-lived,
5th Dan IIIII ten
싶진 entities3 Healthy
Jitae Man looking Man on earth, Self-reliant,
6th Dan IIIIII
지태 to the sky looking to the sky Leaving a legacy
Cheonkwon Heavenly Man descending Pious,
7th Dan IIIIIII
천권 Might from the heavens Virtuous
Hansoo Adaptable,
8th Dan IIIIIIII Water water
한수 Fluid
Ilyeo oneness
9th Dan IIIIIIIII Oneness Harmonious
일여 (Buddhism)
In Kukkiwon-style taekwondo, 10th Dan is usually awarded only posthumously, for somebody who has made
In Korean, the floor pattern of a form is called its yeon-mu. Each floor extraordinary contributions to the art of taekwondo during their lifetime.
pattern of a black belt form traces out a symbol. Each symbol has a Notes:
meaning that denotes a characteristic of a taekwondo master.
1Mount Keumgang, one of the mountains in the Taebaek range of mountains, is considered to be the center
of the Korean spirit.
2In this context, the concept of “brightness” is referring to the spirit of Mount Baekdu, also part of the
Taebaek range of mountains, from which the original founder of Korea is said to have ruled.
3
The ten entities that are considered to be the essence of longevity: the sun, the moon, water, stone,
mountains, pine trees, the herb of eternal youth, the tortoise, the deer, and the crane.
Korean Martial Arts
There are dozens of Korean martial arts, some modern and some ancient. Here are a few.
Taekkyon Teukgong Moosool Tang Soo Do Ssireum

(ancient) (Korean Special Forces) (modern) (Korean wrestling)
Kyuk Too Ki / Gwon Gyokdo Hapkido

(Korean kickboxing) (modern)
Su Bak Do
(modern)
10/14/16 84
Hangul: The Korean Alphabet

In the Korean language, each block of letters is a syllable. Syllables in Korean always begin with either a consonant or a double consonant. This sound
is called the initial.
The Korean language looks like this:
Th K r a l a g ua l oo l i th i The next part of the syllable is always either a vowel or a dipthong (a vowel sound that glides
e o e n n ge ks ke s from one vowel to the next). This part of the syllable is called the medial.
Sometimes, the syllable will conclude with a final constant. This sound is called the final.
The letters in the syllable are organized into each block. The blocks are strung together to
form words. Just as in the English alphabet, each letter represents a sound.
How to write Korean syllables:
Here’s an example:
Korean language is fun How one organizes the letters in a syllable block depends on the shape of the letters. For
Hangug-ui eon-eo ibnida jaemi example, if the medial is mostly horizontal, like ㅡ eu, then you write that medial
underneath the initial.
한국국 언어 입니다 재미
On the other hand, if the medial is mostly vertical, likeㅣ i , then you write it to the right of
한국의 언어 입니다 재미
the initial.
To English speakers, when it’s all written together, it may not look like blocks of syllables, but Finally, if the medial has a more complicated shape, like ㅢ ui then you wrap it around the
that’s what it is: 한국의 언어 입니다 재미 initial, below and to the right. Here are three examples:
The Korean alphabet has 24 letters. 14 of these letters are consonants and 10 are vowels: heu hi ho Notice how the medial (the vowel)
• 14 consonants: ㄱ g (but almost like a k) , ㄴ n , ㄷ d (but almost like a t) , ㄹ l (but almost ㅎ ㅎㅣ ㅎ moves around to fit around the h,
like an r) , ㅁ m , ㅂ b , ㅅ s , ㅇ null or ng , ㅈ j , ㅊ ch , ㅋ k , ㅌ t , ㅍ p , ㅎ h ㅡ ㅢ depending on the shape of the medial
• 6 basic vowels: ㅏ a (as in “aw”) , ㅓ eo , ㅗ o (as in “oh”) , ㅜ u (as in “oo”) , ㅡ eu (like
“ew”) , ㅣ i (as in “ee”)
• 4 “with a y” vowels: ㅑ ya (like “ya” in “yard”) , ㅕ yeo (like “yaw”) , ㅛ yo , ㅠ yu (like In situations where a block has only one sound – i.e., only a vowel sound – the null character
“yoo”) ㅇ is used as a placeholder, so that the medial has something to “wrap itself around.”
The Korean alphabet is considered one of the most elegant alphabets in the world partly If there’s also a final sound in the syllable, the final is always written on the bottom of the
because it is featural, meaning the shapes of the letters are intended to describe how the block, even if it’s a double letter. Here are some concrete examples:
sounds are made. For instance, notice how the g letter ㄱ points to the back? We make the g
sound in the backs of our throats. Notice how the n letter ㄴ points to the front? We make han h a ㅎㅏ 한 h = the initial, a = the medial, n = the final
the n sound up by our teeth. Also, different letters that share common mouth-shapes are n ㄴ The a is to the right of h because ㅏ is mostly vertical.
similarly shaped letters as well. For example t, g, and d sounds are all called plosive sounds n is on the bottom because finals are always on the bottom
because because they terminate with a sharp cut-off of air. In Hangul, all the plosive letters
have a horizontal top stroke. In Hangul, similar sounding letters look similar as well. gug g ㄱ 국 g = the initial, u = the medial, g = the final
ㅜ
u The u is beneath the first g because ㅜ is mostly horizontal.
g ㄱ g is on the bottom because finals are always on the bottom
In English, sometimes a single letter represents just one sound: t, k, d, etc.
But sometimes in English, it takes two or more letters to represent one sound: th, sh, etc.
The same is true in Korean. When it takes two letters to make one sound (as with th in ui null ㅇ 의 ui = the medial is all alone by itself, so it needs a null ㅇ
English), that’s called a digraph. From Korea’s 24 letters they form 27 diagraphs: ui ㅢ to wrap itself around
• 5 “double” consonants: ㄲ kk , ㄸ tt , ㅃ pp , ㅆ ss , ㅉ jj
• 11 consonant clusters: ㄳ gs , ㄵ nj , ㄶ nh , ㄺ lg , ㄻ lm , ㄼ lb , ㄽ ls , ㄾ lt , ㄿ lp , ㅀ lh,
Korean = Han gug ui = h a g null = ㅎㅏ ㄱ ㅇ = 한국의 …Korean!
ㅄ bs ㅜ
• 5 dipthongs (“gliding vowels”): ㅐ ae (like the e in “dress”) , ㅒ yae (like “yes”) , ㅔ e (like n u ui ㄴ ㅢ
g ㄱ
short e but with a slight ay sound) , ㅖ ye (almost like “yay”) , ㅢ ui (almost like “uh”)
• 6 “with a w” vowels: ㅘ wa , ㅙ wae , ㅚ oe , ㅝ wo , ㅞ we , ㅟ wi Learn more at http://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/index.php?title=Learn_hangeul
10/14/16 85
Hangul: Quick Lookup Tables

Starting with the 6 basic vowels, additional vowel sounds are built by adding additional strokes: – , ㅣ, and ㅗ
6 basic vowels 4 “with a y” vowels 5 dipthongs (gliding vowels) 6 “with a w” vowels
vowel sounds like; Estrada’s mnemonic add – sounds like add ㅣ sounds like add both ㅓ add ㅗ w add ㅗ and ㅣ
ㅏ a ah; far away ㅑ ya yaw; y’all ㅐ ae cross eh and short a ㅒ yae; yak ㅘ water ㅙ wag
ㅓ eo cross between aw and uh; up front ㅕ yeo yuh; yup ㅔ e cross eh and long ay ㅖ yes ㅝ wonder ㅞ we
ㅗ o oh; over ㅛ yo yo ㅚ wet
ㅜ u oo (lips narrowed); root ㅠ yu yoo
ㅡ eu cross between uh and ew (lips open); brook ㅢ ui uh
ㅣ i ee; tree ㅟ we
14 consonants 5 doubles 11 consonant clusters (digraphs) – never used to start a syllable
consonant sounds like add – sounds like (breathy)
ㄱ g cross between k and g; gun ㅋ k a breathy k ㄲ kk ㄳ gs
ㄴ n n; nose ㄵ nj , ㄶ nh
ㄷ d cross between d and t; door ㅌ t ㄸ dd
ㄹ l/r L but almost like a flap r (as “veddy British”); when at the end, the sound is L; rattlesnake ㄺ lg , ㄻ lm , ㄼ lb , ㄽ ls , ㄾ lt , ㄿ lp , ㅀ lh,
ㅁ m m; map
ㅂ b cross between b and p; bucket ㅍ p p; part II ㅃ pp ㅄ bs
ㅅ s s, but when with a vowel sh; when at the end, the sound is t; summit ㅆ ss
ㅇ null or ng
ㅈ j cross between j and ch ㅊ ch a breathy ch ㅉ jj
ㅎ h
Not every English consonant has a Hangul counterpart (for instance “f”), and many English vowel sounds are not used at all; what follows are best approximations
a a a b c d e e f g h i j k l m n o o p q r s t u u v w x y z
ㅐ ㅏ ㅔ ㅂ ㄷ ㅔ ㅣ ㄱ ㅎ ㅣ ㅈ ㅋ ㄹ ㅁ ㄴ ㅗ ㅏ ㅍ Closest is ㄹ ㅅ ㅌ ㅜ ㅓ
Closest is ㄳ
See s and k
See k and
w-vowels
vowels
vowels
See w-
See y-
short ah long
short long ee long short long short
aa ay
eh ee oh ah oo uh
10/14/16 86
More Fun Facts
“Na Ga Da Ra”
The Directions of Poomsae Lines
We’ve already seen how all Taegeuk forms are performed on three
lines:
3
1
The Three Lines of Taegeuk Il Jang
When you’re reading about Taegeuk forms on the Internet, you’ll

sometimes see the words Na, Ga, Da, and Ra. What are those?
Those are the names given to directions on the lines, like this:
Ga
Da 3 Ra 3
Da 2 Ra 2
Da 1 Ra 1
Na
No matter what direction you’re facing in during the form,

• the Da direction is always the leftward direction from the starting
position
• the Ra direction is always the rightward direction
• Ga is always the direction you’re facing at the starting position
• Da and Ra are also numbered 1,2,3 for each of the three lines of
the form.
10/14/16 87
Competing in Tournaments
Leading up to the Tournament Arriving at the Tournament
• Tournaments are fun! Be prepared though: you spend a LOT of time at the tournament • Competitors will have a competitor badge waiting for them at either the registration
waiting for your turn to compete, and then your turn is over in just a few minutes. table or in the hands of one of the Majest folks who picked up the badges beforehand.
“Bring a book.” • For non-competitors (such as parents) there’s usually a nominal attendance fee (like at
• A few weeks before the tournament, the people at Majest will let you know about the a high school football game).
upcoming tournament and pass-out tournament registration forms. Competing usually • Somewhere in the bleachers / stands of the stadium there will typically be a group of
costs money (to pay for the trophies and such). Majest competitors and parents sitting grouped together. One practical advantage of
• In the weeks leading up to the tournament, people who have registered to compete sitting together is that you can help watch each other’s stuff, and help with the logistics
will be offered extra practice sessions from Majest. This is really helpful; you’ll want the of supporting our competitors.
extra practice! • The bleachers will usually be crowded. Lots of spectators. Don’t pack too much stuff,
• At most tournaments, you can compete in some combination of poomsae (forms), you’ll have trouble finding room for everything.
sparring, board breaking, or demo teams. Sign up for the events you’re interested in.
• Events are divided into categories based on age-ranges, gender, and belt-colors. For Just Before the Competition
example, girls aged 6-7 with green-blue belts might all be sparring against one another. • When it’s your turn to compete, your age-group, gender, belt-color will be called on the
• Your belt color for the tournament might not be the same as your belt color at Majest. loudspeaker system. You’ll be told to go to a holding area where competitors are
That’s because different schools use different color schemes. The folks at Majest will let divided into groups. (For example, for sparring, they divide the competitors by weight
you know ahead-of-time what color to wear to the tournament. (Never discard your old in the holding area.)
belts!) • Parents can typically go with their children into the holding area, but it’ll be crowded in
• If your child will be sparring, make sure to fit their dental guard before the day of the there. If you have an older child (like 10 and above) you might not want to bother. On
tournament (see the back of the package for instructions). the other hand, for very small children (like 5 and 6) it might be worth joining the
crowd. The officials organizing things inside the holding area do a really good job
The Day of the Tournament: Packing Up though even with small children – they’re used to helping kids figure out which line to
• You’re going to spend a lot of the day waiting. Pack a book, an iPad, a camera, etc. to stand in.
pass the time while waiting for your turn to compete. • If your child is sparring, you definitely want to go into the holding area to help your
child into his or her sparring gear.
• You might want to pack some water bottles and healthy snacks too. If there are food
stands at the tournament, the fare will be stadium-style food (pizza, hot dogs, etc.)
• If you’re going to be competing in sparring, bring all your gear: cups, dental guards, etc. Competing
In fact, bring spares of any gear you think you might need. • When it’s time for the competitors to enter the arena, they’ll be led by the officials
• Many people dress in their taekwondo uniforms to travel to the tournament (which from the holding area. Parent’s don’t follow. Each group of children will be led to a
personally I think is easiest) but some people prefer to drive to the tournament in different competition mat. The child’s name will be called by the official when it’s their
street clothes and then change in a restroom once at the tournament. If you’re going to turn to compete.
do something right after the tournament though, consider packing some street clothes • Meanwhile, the parents go back to the bleachers area so that they can watch their
so that you’ll have something to change into when you leave the tournament. children compete.
• This part can be a bit boring for children: they have to sit patiently by the side of the
competition mat for their turn to compete. When all the competitors are finished,
winners are declared, and the children can leave the competition area to return to their
parents.
• Before returning to their parents, winners are directed to a separate area where photos
are taken and trophies are handed out.
10/14/16 88
A QUICK HISTORY OF KOREA

Prehistory: before 2500 BCE
In early prehistory, agriculture has already replaced hunting-gathering in the majority of mainland as Asia, Farming
communities use stone-age agricultural techniques. There are no kingdoms, cities, or metal tools.
An imaginative depiction of the stone age
Far away in the Middle East, the

civilization of ancient Egypt is
established ~3200 BCE
2500-1500 BCE: the beginning of recorded history in Asia
Cities and trade networks have begun to appear in China. The smaller Xia Dynasty (2070 – 1600 BCE) is succeeded by the
Shang Dynasty (1600 – 1046 BCE), marking the beginning of written history in China. Korea still consists of simple farming
communities: no cities or large towns.
Following China’s lead, the

Korean peninsula begins to
incorporate rice farming
into its agriculture.
In Japan, a non-agricultural hunter-

Shang gather culture continues to thrive.
Dynasty
1500 – 1000 BCE
In China, the Shang Dynasty has given way to the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou will be the longest-lasting dynasty in China’s
history. On the Korean peninsula, wet-rice cultivation has established itself as the staple crop for the many farming
communities.
Bronze-age technology reaches

Korea from China, replacing
the stone-age technology
previously used for farming.
Zhou In Japan, farming finally begins to

Dynasty replace hunting-gathering.
The I Ching
appears ~1000 BCE
The I Ching is a divination text from

which we get the eight “trigrams”
used in taekwondo symbolism.
☰ ☱ ☲ ☳ ☴ ☵ ☶ ☷
Each trigram (called “gwae”) has
symbolic meanings described in the
text of the I Ching.
1000 – 500 BCE
In China, the Zhou Dynasty has fragmented into many smaller, warring states. Iron tools have come into widespread use.
Korea is divided into numerous small warlike chiefdoms, and bronze tools are still in widespread use. Groups of Koreans
begin migrating to the southern parts of Japan, bringing bronze tools and rice cultivation to Japan.
Chinese Warring States
Confucius is born
in China in 551
BCE.
Migration from Korea to Japan
In India, Buddha is born in 563 BCE;

500 years later his philosophy will
reach Central Asia and have major
impact.
500 – 200 BCE
In China, the warring states are brought together under the Han Dynasty. The use of iron tools has spread to Korea and
Japan; horses and chariots also appear in Korea. In Korea, powerful chieftans have built fortified towns. Around ~200 BCE
the Gojoseon Confederacy (a loosely-knit league of fortified cities and villages) appears in the north of Korea.
Through most of the Korean

peninsula, constant warring among
local chieftans has resulted in many
fortified towns and a martial culture.
Gojoseon
Confederacy
Hunter-
Gatherers
Tribal
Kingdoms
Small
Han Empire Chiefdoms
Far to the east, the

Roman Republic is
established ~500 BCE.
200 – 30 BCE: the Han Empire
The Han Dynasty has now ruled a united China for 200 years. The empire has expanded into the Korean peninsula and
adopted Confucianism as its official ideology. With Chinese culture in ascension, Korean culture is strongly influenced by
Chinese culture. Chinese influence is felt less in Japan, where warlike chiefdoms still rule.
The Han Empire has extended into parts

of the Korean peninsula. Like other
cold, mountainous countries
throughout the world however, Korea is
a difficult country for outsiders to hold.
Tribal
Han Empire Kingdoms
30 BCE – 200 CE: Koguryo – the first kingdom of Korea
The Han Dynasty has now ruled a united China for 400 years. In Korea, Han control has given way to Korea’s first true
kingdom: Koguryo. Koguryo’s well-equipped military is able to keep the Han at bay. Korea continues to serve as a conduit
for the migration of Chinese culture to Japan. Buddhist philosophy has finally begun to reach Central Asia from India.
The Hun confederacy

begins to emerge from
the eastern steppe of Asia
Buddhist philosophy in Asia

promotes the idea of the “spiritual
warrior ”…a concept that strongly
Koguryo influences martial arts culture in
Central Asia for hundreds of years.
Mahan In the kingdom of Koguryo, a

Confederacy Jinhan
warrior corps known as the
Confederacy
sunbae (“wise elder ”) establish
Byeonhan an early martial arts tradition.
Han Empire Confederacy
200 CE – 500 CE: The Thee Kingdoms
In China, as the Han Dynasty falls, China experiences a period of barbarian invasions and internal warfare. Meanwhile,
continual wars have made Korea a land of walled cities and warrior rulers. Tribal confederacies have now consolidated to
form three kingdoms on the Korean peninsula: Koguryo, Silla and Paechke.
This marks the beginning of

Koguryo the Three Kingdoms period
of Korean history.
Paechke Silla
In ancient Korea, martial arts went by

names such as taekkyon and subak.
The above mural was discovered in a
tomb from this period, and is
believed to depict unarmed combat.
500 CE – 750 CE: unification under Silla
In China, the wealthy and advanced Tang Dynasty emerges as one of the greatest dynasties in world history. Silla unites the
Korean peninsula for the first time ever by first defeating Koguryo and Paechke, and then by driving the Tang from Korea. To
the north, Koguryo refugees establish the prosperous state of Balhae.
The stone sculpture

known as the Kumgang
Yoksa depicts two
figures, each about 2
meters tall, flanking
either side of a doorway
in a Buddhist temple in
Balhae ancient Silla. The
sculpture appears to
depict two men in
unarmed combat. The
sculpture has been
dated to the 8th
Century Silla.
Silla
The philosophy of taekwondo can

Tang Empire trace its roots back to the
Hwarang, an elite group of young
warrior-scholars from the Silla
period of Korean history. The
Hwarang trained in armed and
unarmed combat, philosophy, the
arts, and science. As with
medieval knights in the European
tradition, the Hwarang served as
the backbone of Korean literature
for a thousand years.
750 CE – 1200 CE: unification under Koryo
In China, the Tang Dynasty has given way to the smaller Song Empire. In Korea, the Silla dynasty lasted for only two hundred
years before falling due to its own political instability. In 936 CE, Korea is united for the second time under the Koryo
dynasty, which (like Europe at the time) was a feudal society, with strong local lords supporting a central leader.
Previously in Korea, civilian leaders were also

military leaders. Now in Koryo however, the
military is distinct and reports to civilian officials.
By 1170 this arrangement leads to instability, and
military leaders seize control of the kingdom.
Koryo
Buddhism is still the dominant philosophy in Koryo,
though Confucianism is used as a governing ideology.
Buddhism in a nutshell: lead a moral life, be mindful

and aware of your thoughts and actions, develop
wisdom and understanding.
Confucianism in a nutshell: social harmony can be

achieved if everybody strives to be noble: exhibit the
dignity and gravity appropriate to your station in life.
1200 CE – 1500 CE
Mongul armies conquer all of China, Korea, and Tibet…but are unable to take Japan and Burma. Koryo is now a vassal state
of the Mongol empire. By the mid 1300s however the Monguls have been pushed back to their homeland and the Ming
Dynasty has emerged in China. In Korea, the expulsion of the Monguls gives rise to the Joseon (Choson) Dynasty.
When the Mongols invaded Korea in 1237, they

destroyed essentially all of the written records in
Korea, meaning we have very few written
records of Korean history from before this time.
Joseon
Before 1443, only elite scholars in Korea knew

how to write, because Korea used a variation of
Chinese script known as Hanja, which was not
well-suited to the Korean language. In 1443 King
In Europe, the Renaissance
Sejong the Great commissioned the
begins in the mid 1300s.
development of a new alphabet for Korea,
Columbus travels to the
Hangul. Hangul is considered one of the most
Americas in 1492.
well-designed alphabets in the world.
1500 – 1800 CE
In the late 1500s Korea is invaded twice by Japan. Then in the early 1600s Korea and China are both successfully invaded by
Manchuria, making Korea once again a tributary state of China. Meanwhile, throughout Asia, Catholic missionaries begin
arriving from the West, bringing Western influences to Asian society.
The Korean iron-clad version of a turtle-

ship, designed by Admiral Yi Sun-sin in the
1590s. Yi is considered one of the greatest
naval strategists in world history.
In the West, the

Industrial Revolution
begins in the 1760s
1800 – 1890 CE
Western influence in Asia becomes much stronger as Western nations push for greater trade, political relations, and
Christian missions in Asia. In China, the Opium Wars (1839-1860) open China to Western trade and missions. Even Japan’s
isolation is finally ended by a show of force (1853) by an American naval squadron.
More than China or Japan,

Korea has been successful
during this period at keeping
Westerners at arms length.
Among the influences from the West are

the introduction of mass-produced
firearms into Asia. The introduction of
guns further contribute to a decline in the
pursuit of unarmed martial arts in Asia.
American Civil War,

1861-1865
1890 – 1910 CE: the Russo-Japanese War
Partially in response to Western imperialism, Japan and Russia become involved in a growing conflict to gain territory in
Manchuria (i.e., Northeast China) and Korea. In 1904 the conflict results in the Russo-Japanese war. The war ends in 1905
with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth, which essentially cedes control of embattled Korea to Imperial Japan.
Manchuria
(i.e., Northeast China)
The Russian army retreats after the Battle of Mukden during

the Russo-Japanese war.
1910 – 1945 CE: occupation by Imperial Japan
Between 1910 and World War II, Korea is occupied by Imperial Japan. The practice of many Korean folk traditions (including
traditional Korean martial arts) is prohibited, as Japan promotes Japanese culture as a replacement for Korean culture.
Essentially, the Japanese position during this time is that Korea is now a part of Japan.
The 2011 Korean film My Way is a

fictionalized account (based on a
true story) that showcases
Korean life during the later years
of the occupation.
Seoul during the Japanese occupation.

Modern history: 1945 CE – Present
At the end of World War II, a newly liberated Korea is placed into the hands of the USSR and the USA for rebuilding. Because
of the politics of the Cold War, by 1950 – just five years later – the two sides are at war. The war ends in 1953 with an
armistice that splits Korea into North and South. The country remains divided to this day.
70 years after the liberation of Korea,

North Korea remains a relatively poor
and isolated communist country.
The early years of South Korean history were

marked by political turmoil as the country
struggled through a sequence of rapidly
changing autocracies. In June 1987, a
nationwide protest called the June Democracy
Movement finally resulted in a modern
democratic government for South Korea.
Economically, South Korea is a member of the
G-20 and now has the 11 th largest economy in
the world in terms of GDP.

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What do the different colored uniforms mean?

• When trying to learn how to pronounce taekwondo vocabulary

Flash Cards Do-Bok Poomsae

Bow Flag End

Attention taekwondo School Begin

Cha-ryeot Do-Jang Shi-jak

Master Ready Majest Sterling’s Master

Thank you Return to ready position Yell

Kamsamnida Baro Kihap

Basic Form High Section Middle Section

Basic Form High Section Middle Section

Kibon Poomsae In Joong Myung Chi

How are you?

Kamsamnida – the most formal version, “thank you sir” He’s

Bonus Vocabulary (not on Majest tests):

represent the qualities of a taekwondo master

IIII Pyongwon 21 Fertile Plain -- a taekwondo master should be peaceful

IIIIII Jitae 28 Earth -- should be self-reliant, grounded, leaving a lasting legacy

IIIIIII Chunkwon 26 Sky -- a taekwondo master should be pious and humble

IIIIIIII Hansoo 27 Water -- a taekwondo master should be adaptable, like water

then put foot down to ready

KIBON FORMS Kibon Hana (1)

Interesting Facts: Kibon Sat (3)

Taegeuk Pal Jang (8) 27 Bo Dan

1 Chunkwon 26 7 th Dan IIIIIII

12. Left Front Stance, left Low

9. Left Front Stance, 10. Right Front Stance, right Punch.

7. Step forward to Left Front

14. Right Front Stance,

6. Step forward to Right Front

15. Left Front Stance,

5. Left Front Stance,

16. Right Front Stance, right Punch.

Then step right with

All answers must be completed with SIR! Q. Why do we test?

Q. What is a bow? Q. What is the name of your poomse?

Q. Why do we bow? Q. How many movements are in your poomse

Q. When do we bow? Q. What is the philosophy behind the yellow belt?

The YELLOW-to-ORANGE BELT TEST consists of:

11. Right Front Stance, 9. Left Front Stance,

13. Left Front Stance,

14. Right Front Stance,

For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Kibon_Dool

15. Left Front Stance,

5. Left Front Stance,

4. Left Front Stance, left High

All answers must be completed with SIR! Q. Why do we test?

Q. How do you say in Korean: “How are you”, “Goodbye” to someone

10. Left Back Stance, right 8. Right Back Stance,

13. Left Front Stance,

For complete written instructions see http://taekwondo.wikia.com/Kibon_Set

15. Horse Stance, left

5. Left Front Stance,

2. Step forward to Right Front

1. Right Back Stance Joonbee 3. Left Back Stance (right foot

Taegeuk Yi Jang (2) 18 6 th Gup

Taegeuk Sam Jang (3) 20 5 th Gup

FORMS Taegeuk Sa Jang (4)

Taegeuk Oh Jang (5)

Taegeuk Yook Jang (6) 19 2 nd Gup

Taegeuk Chil Jang (7) 25 1 st Gup

On the middle line you go right first