Michigan Technological University

EE 5224- L04

Power System Protection Laboratory

Symmetrical Components and Directional Control
Using Symmetrical Component Polarizing
Experiment 5

Submitted by: Rajat Singh

Date Performed: March 1, 2017

Date Submitted: March 15, 2017

Lab Procedure:
1. As a group, discuss your pre-lab work and resolve any difficulties you had.

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 2. Wire the test circuit per your diagram.
3. Using the AcSELerator Quick-Set setting file provided for Lab 5, verify that the
CT and PT ratios are correct for RELAY1 (The 41.6 kV PT ratios are 41,600 –
115.5 V). Send the settings to the relay.
4. Apply the phase currents and voltages seen by RELAY1 for a Bus 2 2LG fault as
calculated by ASPEN OneLiner in the pre-lab part (1). Use the AcSELerator
METER and CONTROL panels (located under the TOOLS menu) to examine the
sequence components measured by the SEL-311L relay and compare them to the
values calculated by ASPEN. Look at the components numerically and
graphically. Save the metering screens for your report.
5. Fault Location for homogeneous lines:
a. Verify the SEL-311L time and date settings using the “TIMe” and
“DATe” commands.
b. Clear the SEL-311L history.
c. Briefly apply the phase currents and voltages seen by RELAY1 for a Bus
2 LL fault as calculated by ASPEN OneLiner in the pre-lab part (1).
d. Use the “HIStory” command to view the relay data for the fault. Note the
mileage calculation.
e. Is the mileage calculation correct? If not, why?
6. Fault Location for non-homogeneous lines:
a. Clear the SEL-311L history.
b. Using the ASPEN OneLiner model developed in Lab 4, simulate a 3LG
fault at the middle of Line2.
c. Briefly apply the currents and voltages seen by RELAY1 for the fault as
calculated by ASPEN OneLiner.
d. Use the “HIStory” command to view the relay data for the fault. Note the
mileage calculation.
e. Is the mileage calculation correct? If not, why? (Hint: The SEL-311L fault
locator uses a positive sequence impedance per unit length calculation to
determine the distance to the fault).
7. Fault location with in-feed:
a. Using AcSELerator adjust the SEL-311L CT and PT ratios to be correct
for RELAY3. Send the settings to the relay.
b. Clear the SEL-311L history.
c. Briefly apply the phase currents and voltages seen by RELAY3 for a Bus
3 1LG fault as calculated by ASPEN OneLiner in the pre-lab part (2).
d. Use the “HIStory” command to view the relay data for the fault. Note the
mileage calculation.
e. Is the mileage calculation correct? If not, why? (Hint: RELAY3 only sees
the fault current contribution from the transformer).

Post-Lab Work:
1. Attach your pre-lab work.
2. Attach your notes from the relay tests including prints of ASPEN TTY windows
and AcSELerator screens and discussion of test results.
Ans – Already attached in Pre-Lab submission.

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 3. The SEL-311L relay uses positive sequence voltage polarizing for directional
control of 3LG faults. Study the instruction book and explain how the relay
correctly determines directionality for a 3LG Bus fault where the positive
sequence voltage equals zero.
Ans – The SEL relay operates on a polarizing quantity and an operating quantity. It
detects the phase shit between the fault voltage and the fault current. Typically, the
current lags the voltage. Since the polarizing quantity, the voltage is zero, A positive-
sequence restraint factor, the ratio of |IA2| divided by |IA1|, must be exceeded to allow
the directional element to operate. This prevents the element from mis-operating
during three-phase faults.
Ref - Fundamentals and Improvements for Directional Relays Karl Zimmerman and David
Costello Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

a. What test set feature allows you to simulate a 3LG Bus fault such that the
relay will operate correctly?

Ans – In the test set, we can determine a pre-fault voltage as the reference polarizing
voltage, against which the angle of the current lagging will be measured. This allows the
relay to operate correctly.

4. You expect that I1 = I2 = I0 for a 1LG fault. Yet this is not true for RELAY3 for a
Bus 3 1LG fault (refer to pre-lab (2) above). Why not?
Ans – Though the values of all the sequence components for a 1LG fault should be equal,
this is not the case due to small resistances present in the relay. And because of the CT
ratios, these changes get magnified when shown in the actual measurements.

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