Sociology Expected Questions

आदय करं ट अफेअस ऑनलाईन हॉसअॅप लासेस
IAS Mains Sociology 2016 Expected Questions
1. “Sociology emerged in Europe and flourished to begin with on social reformist orientation in
the U.S.A”.-comment.
2. “The emergence of sociology in Europe owes a great deal to the ideas and discoveries
contributed by science.” Explain.
3. “Sociology without history is rootless & history without Sociology is fruitless”. Elaborate.
4. What can sociology show us about our actions? Discuss the practical significance of
Sociology.
5. How is emergence of sociology linked with modernization of Europe?
6. Discuss how the sociologists have tried to solve the problem of differentiating the nature
and scope of their discipline from the subject matter of other social sciences
7. Had the French Revolution anything to do with the emergency of Sociology in Europe? Make
a critical study.
8. How is sociological approach to human actions different from that of psychological

approach? (10 marks)
9. Sociology is a science of society.
10. The problem of objectivity in Sociology.
11. Bearing of research on theory.
12. Value neutrality in social science
13. Methods of science and sociology
14. Explain the significance of empirical approach to the study of Indian society. How does the
use of historical approach enrich empirical orientation? (95/60)
15. “Tradition and modernity co-exist in contemporary Indian society’. Discuss the factors
responsible for this continuity and change. (96/60)
16. Write short note: Impact of Islam on Indian society.
17. Substantiate, citing literature, the view that analysis of social stability and change has been
the main concern of classical sociologists. (400 Words)
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18. Explain the view that the social system is a basic conceptual model useful in understanding
social organization. (400 Words)
19. Explain as to why and how Durkheim described social reality to the group, not to the
individual.
20. Taking clue from Weber’s analysis of the role of Calvinist ethics in the rise of mature
capitalism, discuss the relative impact of (a) economic conditions, and (b) values and ideas,
on social change.
21. “The personality is formed, maintained and changed as the socialization process moves
along.” Explain. (400 Words)
22. What functions does social conflict perform? Explain the nature of social conflict in the
developing countries today. (400 Words)
23. Pareto on social equilibrium.
24. Power and legitimacy
25. Role-set and role conflict.
26. Totemism and social solidarity
27. What do you mean by empiricism? Examine the significance of empirical confirmation in
building sociological theory.
28. “Participant observation in many situations is nothing more than a case study.” Comment.
29. Explain the basic features of the ex post facto research design and assess its role in
sociological research.
30. Reliability and validity.
31. Verstehen method.
32. Sources of hypothesis.
33. Survey research.
34. Bring out the unity and diversity in the society and culture in India.
35. Describe the different approaches to the study of Indian society and examine fully the utility
of any one of them.
36. Discuss the impact of religious, linguistic, caste and tribal groups on the nation building
process in India.
37. Distinguish between tribe and caste bringing out the implications of the difference for
settlement pattern and community living.
38. Enumerate and explain the factors conducive to joint family and comment on its
prevalence/disappearance in rural India.
39. Enumerate the forces affecting the jajmani system and examine their impact on the
‘community’ aspect of the village.
40. Examine whether the different centers of political power in India are successful as
democratic institutions. (400 Words)
41. Define social stratification and discuss the principles of stratification in the traditional
hierarchy (400 Words)
42. Examine the changing stratification system in modern India in relation to the issues of
equality and social justice. (400 Words)
43. Bring out the impact of education on social mobility and equality with special reference to
the Scheduled castes. (400 Words)
44. Define social change and assess the role of legislative measures in bringing about social
change in India. (400 Words)
45. Social movements in post-independence India.
46. Industrialization and social change in India.
47. Role of religion in the traditional Indian society.
48. Unintended consequences of planned social change in India.
49. Distinguish between formal and informal structures of organizations and show how some of
the problems of formal organizations can be better understood in forms of this distinction.
(250 Words)
50. Define ‘social stratification’ and critically examine the view that Marx has “oversimplified the
structure of satisfaction by reducing it to one factor, control of the means of production.”
(250 Words)
51. What do you mean by functionalism? Explain Merton’s paradigm of functional analysis. Does
it satisfy the requirements of a rigorous theory?(250 Words)
52. In what ways is organic solidarity different from mechanical solidarity? Does organic division
of labour lead to greater efficiency? Illustrate your view with examples. (250 Words)
53. Examine Pareto’s analysis of the circulation of elites. It is valid for the modern industrial
societies?
54. Distinguish among power, prestige and authority. What are the different ways in which an
authority may gain legitimacy? Why does a changing society face crises of legitimacy?
55. Bring out the relationship between technological development and changes in family and
kinship. How do you account for the different types of kinship system in the US and Japan
which are similar with regard to technological development?
56. Define and elaborate social fact and social action as the subject matter of sociology. What
are the problems which such a subject matter possess for its scientific study? Can it be
studied scientifically at all?
57. Distinguish between observation and interviewing as techniques of data collection. Under
what contexts may their use be recommended? Bring out their merits and demerits as
regards their objectivity and validity. (300 Words)
58. Write short notes on any two of the following: (200 Words)
(a) Religion as a force both for integration and conflict within society.
(b) Dialectics of change as applied to the Indian society.(c) Changes in the society at large and role
conflict within the family.
(d) The significance of the combination of induction and deduction in scientific method.
59. What argument are adduced by some authors to assert that the caste system is peculiar only
to India, and by some others to show that it is a universal phenomenon observable in other
parts of the world as well?
60. Some authors maintain that the caste system contributes to solidarity and harmony in
society, whereas some other thinks that it is an exploitative system. What are the grounds
for such divergent views?
61. Analyse the interrelationships among the joint family, the caste system and the village
community in the traditional Indian society and show how they were supported by the
peculiar economic organization and the value system.
62. Describe the traditional modes of adaptation and mobility in tribe and caste in India and
bring out the significant changes in these process since independence.
63. Traditionally, marriage in the Father-right societies in India was not merely a union between
man and woman, but a permanent transfer of a woman from the family of her parents into
that of her husband. What customs and practices in marriage and family can you adduce to
substantiate this observation?
64. There are tendencies in some parts of the country, on the part of the native people of a
region to discriminate against the immigrants. Analyse the economic, demographic and
socio-cultural factors which may give rise to the politics of nativism. (250 Words)
65. Examine India’s claim to be a secular state and society. Does the concept of secular state as
understood in India lead to the spread of secularism in society as a scientific concept. (250
Words)
66. Give a brief account of the major social reform movements in the 19th and 20th century
India. How and why can they be regarded fundamentally different from such movements in
the past (250 W0rds)
67. Explain why it is not urbanization alone, but urbanization combined with industrialization,
which is responsible for far-reaching changes in society. (250 Words)
68. Write short notes on the following:(200 Words)
1. Varna and Jati.
2. Growing economic disparities despite development planning.
3. Slow progress of Scheduled caste despite Protective Discrimination.
4. Whether the status of women in India is due to their inherent qualities or to social
arrangements.
69. Write short notes on ALL of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words):-
1. Alienation in modern society.
2. “Value Problem” in sociological research.
3. “Social Action and Pattern variables.
4. Socialization and the Self.
70. What are the major postulates in functional analysis? Is the framework conservative or
radical in its approach to the study of social phenomena? Substantiate your view. (300
Words)
71. Discuss how the sociologists have tried to solve the problem of differentiating the nature
and scope of their discipline from the subject matter of other social sciences. (300 Words)
72. Distinguish among the concepts of “social inequalities”, “social hierarchy” and “the
perpetuation of social inequalities”. How are these features manifested in the different
forms of social stratification? (250 Words)
73. Write short notes on ALL of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):
1. Cultural lag and directed change.
2. Role of education in continuity and change.
3. Impact of property concepts on the nature of society.
4. Power of the elite and the masses in democratic societies.
74. In what sense is family a primary group? Examine the correspondence between the nature
and functions of the family on the one hand and the nature and functions of the state on the
other, in a changing society
75. Explain the basic features of “bureaucracy” and “oligarchy”. Do you, think that they have
become a part or all modern societies? If so, why? Substantiate your answer with examples.
76. Analyse Weber’s thesis on the “protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism”. In the light of
this thesis do you think that all religions facilitate social change? Illustrate your answer.
77. Write notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:-
78. Explain:
1. Orthogenetic and heterogenetic factors of social change in India.
2. The changing position of woman in India.
3. Jajmani system.
4. Panchayati Raj
79. Examine on the basis of empirical evidence whether castes are evolving into social classes.
How do your account for the phenomenon of casteism?
80. Describe the variation in the form, structure and function of the Indian family at present.
Can this be under-stood in terms of rural-urban dichotomy? Elaborate your point of view.
81. Bring out the socio-cultural contexts of educational inequality. In view of these
circumstances what measures you think are appropriate for the solution of the educational
problems of the scheduled castes? (250 Words)
82. Write notes on ALL of the following in not more than 200 words each:-
(a) Acculturation and integration of tribal communities.
(b) Social structural impediments to the adaptation of family planning practices in India.(c) Socio-
religious reform movements in modern India.(d) Socio-cultural causes of corruption.
83. Compare and contrast the stratification systems and ideological patterns among the major
religious categories in India. Evaluate the problem of religious conversion against this
background. (250 Words)
84. In what sense was the traditional Indian village a ‘community’? Bring out the impact of the
Community Development Programme upon that ‘community’. (250 Words)
85. Describe the rural-urban differences in socio cultural characteristics such as caste and
religion and bring out their implications for economic and political behaviour. (250 Words)
86. Write short notes on ALL of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):-(a)
Suicide as a social fact.(b) Decent and Kinship as social networks.(c) Modernization and
intergenerational mobility.(d) Suitability of questionnaire for data collection in developing
societies.
87. How far do you agree with the view that while neopositivism reduces sociology
measurement, functionalism directs attention towards meaning? Can functionalism explain
dynamic social processes? (300 Words)
88. Discuss the utility of Max Weber’s ideal type as a methodological tool. Explain how Weber
uses the ideal type procedure to depict the authority patterns. (300 Words)
89. In social stratification a particular form of social inequality? Analyse the role of wealth,
power and status in the perpetuation of stratification systems in the society. (300 Words)
90. Write short notes on ALL of the following (Each should not exceed 200 words) :-(a) Pressure
groups and economic development.
(b) Industrialization and regional imbalances.(c) Social movements and the uplift of the weaker
sections.(d) Indoctrination and educational processes.
91. Discuss the role of participative decision making in formal and informal organizations. Is it
possible to have workers’ participation in industrial organizations?
92. Distinguish between science and religion. Examine religion as a functional and dysfunctional
factor in the contemporary society.
93. Analyse Marxian theory of social change. Is it useful to comprehend the changes in the
developing societies?
94. Write notes on ALL of the following in not more than 200 words on each:
1. Continuity and change in India.
2. Agrarian and industrial class structure.
3. Intergenerational gap and youth unrest.
4. Decentralization of power and political participation.
95. What are the features of economic development? Outline the social determinants and
consequence of economic development in India.(250 Words)
96. Discuss the changing political relations in rural India in the context of democratic
decentralization.(250 Words)
97. Critically examine the view that joint family organization in India is changing over to nuclear
family.(250 Words)
98. Write notes on ALL of the following in not more than 200 words on each:
1. Education and society mobility.
2. Direction of tribal change.
3. Socio-cultural dimensions of Indian villages
4. Westernization and modernization.
99. Discuss industrialization and urbanization as inter related factors of social change in India.
100. What is a social movement? Discuss with examples the part played by social
movements in bringing about social change in India.
101. What do you understand by population dynamics? Discuss the social dimensions of
population control and family welfare programmes in India.
102. Write short notes on ALL of the following (each answer should not exceed 200
words):-
1. Participant observation and the problem of objectivity.
2. Functional prerequisites of society
3. Religious and scientific world views.
4. Family in industrial societies.
103. Distinguish between social change and social development. How does the
knowledge of Sociology help in the formulation of development policies?
104. Discuss suicide as a social fact. While explaining the typology of suicide according to
Durkheim, bring out the destabilizing role of anomic in modern societies. (300 Words)
105. Are caste and class merely different forms of qualitatively different types of social
stratification? Elucidate your point of view. (300 Words)
words):
1. Bureaucracy and planned development.
2. Jajmani system as a form of exchange.
3. “Vote Banks” and the democratic process.
4. Secularization and social solidarity
107. Analyse the social determinants of industrialization. Will industrialization per se lead
to equality and balanced development in the society?
108. Do you agree with the view that legitimacy is a powerful instrument in the hands of
the elite in the contemporary society? What are the different grounds on which ruling elite
have tried to legitimize their authority in democratic and totalitartian societies?
109. Examine the concept of equality of educational opportunity. What are the social
constraints and social consequences implicit in the pursuit of this goal?
110. Write notes on ALL the following is not more than 200 words on each:
1. Universalization and parochialisation in Indian civilization.
2. Bride and bridegroom price
3. The changing social composition of the political elite since Independence.
4. Unionization and the agrarian classes.
111. What is the relative role of ritual and secular factors in the traditional caste system?
Explain how their role in changing in the modern time. (250 Words)
112. Distinguish between the Ideological and the Sociological views on the Hindu family
and show how the former has influenced the latter. (300 Words)
113. Examine with particular reference to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the
view that education promotes social equality. (300 Words)
114. Write notes on any three of the following is not more than 200 words on each:
1. Religious minorities and national integration
2. Distinction between tribe castes.
3. Socio-cultural dimensions of infant mortality in India.
4. Women’s role in economic development.
115. Discuss the efficacy of land reforms to transform India’s agrarian social structure.
(250 Words)
116. Examine the view that the traditional social institutions of India are a major
impediment to its industrialization. (250 Words)
117. How far is, it true to say that the urban social structure in India is only a replica of
the rural social structure? (250 Words)
words):
(a) Report and objective in social science research.
(b) Alienation in developing societies.
(c) Change in sex roles and the socialization of children.
(d) Social aspects of industrial economic system.
119. Do you agree with the view that sociology can never be a science? What limitations
need to be taken into consideration in the scientific study of social phenomena? (300
Words)
120. Discuss Max’s concept of class. Is class struggle inevitable for the elimination of
inequalities and exploitation in the third world societies? (250 Words)
121. Analyse scientific theory of culture. Will the crisis in culture in the contemporary
society facilitate the emergence of new man? (250 Words)
words):
1. Ideal types and social analysis.
2. Changing concept of property.
3. Religious factor in economic development.
4. Education and modernization.
123. Discuss family as a basic and fundamental social institution. Do you think the
changing sex roles necessitate the replacement of family by another institution? (250
Words)
124. Explain the role of community power structure in the political decision-making
processes in the society. Are power and authority getting broad based in India today? (250
Words)
125. Examine the relationship between social structure and social change. Has the Indian
social structure facilitated or hindered the process of change? (250 Words)
126. Write short notes on ALL the following is not more than 200 words each:
1. Caste among the non-Hindus.
2. Scheduled caste elites.
3. The changing status of women.
4. Dominant caste and the agrarian power structure.
127. What is the structural perspective on the caste system? Is it not an

oversimplification to describe the system as a hierarchy of statuses based on the opposition
of the pure and impure? (250 Words)
128. Describe the main characteristics of Jaimani system. Do you agree with the view that
it is basically an Institution of politico-economic dominance and dependence? (250 Words)
129. Discuss the social consequences of economic development in India. Do you share
the view that it has increased economic inequality and failed to promote social justice? (250
Words)
130. Write short notes on ALL the following more than 200 words each:(a) The impact of
democratization on the village community.
(b) The social background of poverty.
(c) Rural-urban migration.
(d) The future of tribal culture.
131. Examine the role of caste as a pressure-group in contemporary Indian politics. (250
Words)
132. Trace the impact of urbanization on the Hindu family. (250 Words)
133. How far is tradition a barrier to modernization? Does not modernization take to
form of traditionalization in India? (250 Words)
words):
1. Sociology is a science of society.
2. Research Design
3. Interview as a method of social research.
4. Religion and society.
135. Discuss the contributions of Durkheim to sociology. How far did his methodology
influence sociological traditions?
136. How does culture influence personality? Can personality influence culture? How?
137. What are the agencies of social control? Which is the most effective one in a
democratic society?
words):
1. Planned development in a democracy.
2. Power.
3. Social Mobility.
4. Youth Culture.
139. Has development been successful in removing poverty? Can you relate development
to progress? (250 Words)
140. Can education be considered as an agent of social change? In what manner can it
establish a new social order? (250 Words)
141. How is Marxism relevant to developing nations? Will it be able to establish classless
societies? (250 Words)
142. Write short notes on ALL of the following is not more than 200 words each:
1. Divorce among the Muslims.
2. Protective discrimination: its sociology and politics.
3. Kula, Vansa and Gotra
4. Inequality in the agrarian social structure.
143. Comment on the distinction between ‘hierarchy’ and ‘social stratification’. Which of
the two will be a more appropriate term to describe the caste system and why?
144. Discuss the process of social mobility in the caste system commonly described as
sanskritization and westernization. Have they reflected any structural change in the system?
145. Examine the impact of recent social legislation on Hindu marriage and family with
special reference to the status of women. (250 Words)
146. Write short notes on ALL of the following in not more than 200 words each:
1. Education for social equality.
2. Planning for the rural poor: IRDP and NREP.
3. Religious and ethlnic conflict in India.
4. Servodava as a social movement
147. What is the link between industrialization and urbanization? Answer with reference
to India. (250 Words)
148. Discuss the salient features of the demographic situation in India. What are the
prospects of reducing the birth rate and stabilizing it in the near feature?
149. How far is generational disaffiliation responsible for youth activism in India? Why is
the Indian youth failing to respond to the national challenges?
words):
1. The problem of objectivity in Sociology.
2. Techniques employed in measuring attitudes.
3. Bureaucracy in developing societies
4. New strategies for the rural development in India.
151. Discuss Durkheim’s concept of Division of labour. In what way does it differ from
that of classical and neoclassical economists? 3. Show how culture constituted a seminal
idea in B. Malinowski’s works.
152. What is ‘social action’? What is its place in the analytical Frameworks of Max Weber
and Talcott Parsons?
153. Write short notes on the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words):(a)
Ethnic group and its role in society.(b) Historical materialism.
154. Critically assess R.K. Mertion’s views on the contributions of research to the
development of sociological theory.
155. How do you relate the educational system to the economic development in India?
156. Discuss the role of religion to the world today. Has the supergrowth of science any
de mystifying effect on religion?
157. Write notes on ALL the following in not more than 200 words each:
1. The case for a uniform civil code.
2. The Indian family in continuity and change.
3. Class-conflict in the agrarian society
4. The Indian intellectual between tradition and modernity
158. Examine the impact of Buddhism and Islam on the Hindu society.
159. ‘Despite all the fusion and fusion that the caste system has undergone through the
ages. It has bound to maintain the permanency of its form’. Comment.
160. Discuss the changing value-orientations of women in the Indian middle class
families.
161. Write notes on ALL of the following in not more than 200 words each:
1. Education for development: the sociological implications of the new

educationpolicy.
2. Communal tensions: their economic and social background.
3. Urban emerging pattern of rural leadership.
4. Urban decay: the culture of overcrowded neighborhoods and slums in industrial

cities.
162. Trace the impact of culture contact on the Indian tribes.
163. Discuss the factors responsible for the growing felling of alienation among the
religious minorities in India. How can they be made to overcome this feeling?
164. Stress the importance of regional development in the context of national planning in
India. Can regional disparities be reduced within the framework of a centralist planning?
165. Write short notes on ALL the following (each answer should not exceed 200words):
1. Techniques of Data Collection
2. Ideal Types
3. Social Movement
4. Alienation
166. Do you agree with Max Weber that the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
are correlated? What are the alternative theories suggested by other academics?
167. A.R. Radcliffe-Brown is said to have improved upon B. Malinowski’s Functional

theory. Discuss, how.
168. Do you think that in T. Parsons there has been a transition from the analysis of the
structure of social action as such to the structural-functional analysis of social systems”?
Discuss in detail.
169. “Sociology without History is rootless and History without Sociology is fruitless.”
Elaborate. (300 Words/2010)
170. “There has been a substantial decline in labour class and increase in labour force in
non- manual jobs with the advent of new technological revolution.” Critically examine. (300
Words/2010)
171. “Protective discrimination not only protects, but also discriminates.” Comment (300
Words)
172. Distinguish between ‘Secularism’ and ‘Secularization’. Analyze the nature and extent
of Secularization in contemporary India. (300 Words)
173. Are social movements always influenced by ideologies? Discuss (200 Words)
174. ‘Revolutionary changes have some specific characteristics.” Discuss with examples.
(200 Words)
175. Write a note on Constitution as a living document of Social Change. (150 Words)
176. Examine the social dimensions of religious revivalism and fundamentalism in the
context of globalization. (300 Words)
177. Examine the social dimensions of displacement induced by development (150

Words)
178. Analyze the social impact of market economy on traditional societies. (150 Words)
179. Write a short note on the integration of tribes in Hindu Culture. (200 Words)
180. Is Secularism a weak ideology? Critically analyze the reasons for anti-secular trends
in India. (300 Words)
181. Analyze the ideological and strategical features of Naxalbari movement. (300 Words)
182. Discuss the metaphysical and ethical basis of Hindu social organization. (300 Words)
183. Critically evaluate the existing welfare programs for women in India. Have they
benefited all sections of women in India? (300 Words)
184. Outline the factors responsible for unrest in agrarian communities of India. What
suggestions will you give to arrest this trend? (300 Words)
185. Briefly discuss the Conflict Perspective on social stratification and examine the view
that social inequality in India is the function of rigid social stratification system. (300 Words)
186. Write a short note on the social dimensions of corruption. (200 Words)
187. Discuss atrocities on women and suggest annihilative measures for them. (300
Words)
188. Discuss the meanings and significance of culture in human society. Critically bring
out the role of culture in the development of personality. (300 Words)
189. Describe the socio-economic factors responsible for communal tensions in India.
What suggestions will you give to control them? (300 Words)
190. Write a short note on science and social responsibility (200 Words)
191. Define ‘Social Policy’. Evaluate the performance of Social Policy in modernization of
developing societies. (300 Words)
192. Explain Karl Marx’s conception of ‘Class Antagonism’. How have the functionalists
reacted to his views? (300 Words)
193. Elaborate the concept of Political Elite. Explain how social structural origins of
political elites influence their political orientations. (300 Words)
194. Examine the nature of Social Facts as understood by Emile Durkheim. (300 words)
195. Describe the salient features of the poverty alleviation programmes. What
modifications would you suggest to make them more effective? (200 words)
196. What are social phenomena? Distinguish them from psychological phenomena.( 200
words)
197. Discuss the impact of industrialization and urbanization on family in India.( 300
words)
198. Discuss the emerging forms of marriage and family with examples from the West
and the East. Can there be family without marriage? Examine (300 words)
199. Comment on the sociological impact of globalization on people working in the

Informal sector. (200 words)
200. Comment on the critics’ charge that Immanuel Wallerstein’s dependency theory is
simplistic and wrong. (200 words)
201. Write a short note on Ideological perspective of G.S. Ghurye. (200 words)
202. Write a note on comparison between Sociology and Economics. (200 words)
203. Comment on the influence of social and cultural factors on family planning in India.
(200 words)
204. Critically examine Weber’s theory of Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
(300 words)
205. Mahatma Gandhi is often described as revolutionary. Examine this characterization

in the light of the theory of social movements. (300 words)
206. Write Short note on Quasi-groups. (200 words)
207. Write in not more than 200 words about Acculturation and integration of tribal
communities. (200 words)
208. Write a short note on C. Wright Mills’ Power Elite. (200 words)
209. Comment on the changes that the Agrarian Social Structure in India is undergoing.
(300 words)
210. Write about Social mobility in open and closed systems. [IAS 2008][200 words]
211. In the context of the caste system, critically examine Louis Dumont’s concept of
purity and pollution.[IAS 2009][300 words]
212. Write a note on Objectivity and Value Neutrality in Social Research. (200 words/ IAS
2004)
213. Write a note on S.N.D.P. Movement. (200 words/ IAS 2008)
214. Bring out a comparative analysis of Marxian and Parsonian views of social change
and examine the relevance of each view for social development in the contemporary
India.(600 words/ IAS 2004/ 60 marks)
215. Mention the Impact of Muslims on Indian Society.(200 words/ IAS 2004)
216. Distinguish between Sex and Gender. Discuss the gender issues with suitable
examples (300 words/IAS 2002)
217. Describe the socio-economic factors responsible for communal tensions in India.
What suggestions will you give to control them?(300 words/IAS 2003)
218. Discuss the important factors involved in the making of a criminal. (300 words)
219. Evaluate the changing frontiers of caste system in contemporary India. (300 words)
220. Highlight the problem of objectivity and value-neutrality in Social Research.

Elaborate, with suitable examples, the limitations associated with the tools of
measurements in Social Science Researches. (200 words/ CSM 2003)
221. Examine the conceptual distinction between social inequality and social
stratification. How do the nature and forms of the social stratification system determine the
patterns of social mobility? (200 words/ CSM 2003)
222. What are micro-sociology and macro-sociology? How could the two be related?(200
words/ IAS ’74)
223. What is a “tribe”? Examine the view that the tribes in India are tribes in
transition.(200 words/ IAS ’77)
224. Write short note on ‘Relative Deprivation’ (200 words/ IAS 1999)
225. Describe the distinctive features of tribal communities in India. Discuss the factors
affecting tribal identity.(300 words/ IAS 2006)
226. Discuss the Class struggle as conceived by Karl Marx(200 words/ IAS 2005)
227. Describe the process of emergence of the middle class in India. What role has the
middle class played in national development?(300 words/ IAS 2005)
228. Analyse the sociological ideas of Pareto. (300 words/ IAS 1964)
229. Discuss the metaphysical and ethical basis of Hindu social organisation. (300 words/
IAS 2002)
230. Bring out Tonnies’ differentiation between ‘Community’ (Gemeinschaft) and

‘society’ (Gesselschaft) and show how this paved the path for Cooley to develop his theory
of primary group. (200 words/IAS1965).
231. Write short note on- The share-croppers’ movement in India. (200 words/IAS1991).
232. Bring out the role of Culture in the development of human personality. (200 words)
233. Sociologists would not have objected to proselytization but for its harmful effects on
Indian culture’. Discuss critically. (200 words)
234. What is Merton’s view of relationship between social structure and deviance? In
what sense is a deviant also a conformist? (500 words/ IAS 2008)
235. Critically evaluate the child welfare programmes in India. Have they benefitted all
sections of children in India? (500 words/IAS 2000)
236. State the meaning and characteristics of an ideal type. What, according to Max
Weber, is the use and significance of the ‘ideal type’ in social science research? (200 words)
237. Elaborate the concept of political elite. Explain how social structural origins of
political elites influence their political orientations.(500 words/IAS 2001)
238. What are the structural conditions under which movements emerge? Discuss with
reference to any one theory of genesis of social movements. (200 words)
239. Elaborate on the social necessity of religion. Discuss the relationship between
religion and science. (500 words/ IAS 1999)
240. In the context of the caste system, critically examine Louis Dumont’s concept of
purity and pollution. (300 words/ IAS 2009)
241. Comment on the reasons why neo-idealists and symbolic interactionists are critical
of ‘positivism’ in Sociology. (300 words)
242. What is the impact of Globalization on the structure and mobilization of the working
class in India? (500 words)
243. Distinguish between probability and non-probability sampling methods. How many
types of sampling designs are there? (300 words/ IAS 2009)
244. Emile Durkheim’s conception of Social Fact was essentially an endeavor by him to
create a separate niche and scientific status for sociology. Explain.(200 words)
245. Critically Examine Emile Durkheim’s Concept of Sacred and Profane and how it can
be viewed for Indian Society (250 words)
246. Examine Emile Durkheim’s Concept of The Division of Labor and how it can be
viewed for modern Societies (250 words)
247. Critically Examine the Concept of Suicide and how is it viewed in Modern Societies
especially in India. (250 words)
248. How Marx understood Sociology through Process of Dialectics and how a common
man can understand contemporary Society by Dialectics? Explain with examples.(300words)
249. Explain Karl Marx’s theory of class struggle. Evaluate the theory in terms of its
relevance in explaining contemporary reality. ( 250 words)
250. Forces of Production changes in Evolutionary manner and Relations of Production

changes in evolutionary manner .Explain with Karl Marxs view and use present day
examples.(200 words)
251. Critically Examine Karl Marx’s theory of Alienation. (200 words)
252. Compare Karl Marx with ED with reference to the framework of DOL.(200 words)
253. Write Short note on: Social System and Pattern Variables. (200 words)
254. Bring out a Comparative analysis of Marxian and Parsonian views of Social change
and examine the relevance of each view for Social Development in the Contemporary India.
(200 words/CSM 2004)
255. Write Short note on Cybernetic Hierarchy of Control (200 words/CSM 2010)
256. To Robert Merton, deviant behaviour is a result of Anomie. Analyse his Sociological
theory of deviant behaviour, with a special reference to his formulation of types of
Deviance. (250words/ CSM2009)
257. Write short note on: Robert Merton’s views on latent & manifest functions. (200
words)
258. Write short note on: Primary and Reference Groups. (200 words)
259. What are the reactions of Robert Merton to the functionalism pioneered by social
Anthropologists? Indicate the limitations of his ides of latent functions. (200 words)
260. Power and authority go together. Examine. Also explain the various types of
Authority. (200 words)
261. Define Ideal type and explain Weber’s concept of Verstehen for understanding
Social Phenomenon? (200 words)
262. Critically examine Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism? (200 words)
263. Critically analyze the contributions of G.H Mead to Symbolic Interactionism? (200
words)
264. Describe the importance of lineage and descent in kinship and family. (200 words)
265. What you mean by marriage and family? Discuss the Structural and functional
changes in family in modern society. (200 words)
266. Discuss the meanings and significance of culture in Human society. Critically bring
out the role of culture in the development of Personality. (200 words)
267. Write short note on: Social Consequences of increase in the rate of Divorce. (200
words)
268. In our society Hierarchical relations are influenced by Social Mobility. Explain How?
(200 words)
269. Explain how open and closed systems of stratification are undergoing
transformation in the emergence of new hierarchical social order in societies. (200 words)
270. Socialization and social control are complimentary to each other in maintaining
Social Order – Elucidate your answer with appropriate illustrations. (200 words)
271. How do formal and informal organization of work influence labors mobility? Explain
with examples. (200 words)
272. Write short note on feminization of labor in informal sector. (200 words)
273. Write short note on Social Determinants of Economic Development. (200 words)
274. Write short note on Self Help Group as an informal organization from a sociological
perspective. (200 words)
275. Write short note on the following from a sociological perspective: Citizenship and
Civil Society. (200 words)
276. Collective action in politics can bring integration and disintegration in society.
Comment. (200 words)
277. Write short note on bureaucracy in new capitalist economy. (200 words)
278. Are social Movements always influenced by ideologies? Discuss. (200 words)
279. Write short note on the following from a sociological perspective: Millenarian
Movements. (200 words)
280. What are the Structural elements of a social Movement? State how a social
movement comes to its end. Illustrate your answer with example. (200 words)
281. Write short note on: ideology and strategy of Social Movement. (200 words)
282. Write short note on: Protest Movements. (200 words)
283. Discuss in detail the Mass Media and education on Indian Society. (200 words)
284. Write short note on: Privatization of Education and Equality of Opportunity? (200
words)
285. “Education is induction into learner’s culture”. Examine the statement in Society
today? (200 words)
286. Write short note on: Youth Culture. (200 words)
287. Write short note on: Positive Religion. (200 words)
288. Define Sect, Cult and Religion. In what way do Weber’s views on religion differ from
those of Durkheim? (200 words)
289. “Science has empirical means to logical ends and Religion has non empirical means
to logical ends.” Comment. (200 words)
290. Critically examine functional and dysfunctional aspects of Religion. (200 words)
291. Write short note on: Science and social Responsibility. (200 words)
292. Write short note on: Social Impacts of New Technologies in India. (200 words)
293. Write short note on the following from a sociological perspective: Theory of cultural
lag –Ogburn and Nimkoff. (200 words)
294. Revolutionary changes have some specific characteristics “. Discuss with examples.
(200 words)
295. Social Support Mechanism needs to be strengthened for effective implementation of

development programmes” .Comment (200 words)
296. Define Social Policy. Evaluate the performance of social policy in modernization of
developing Societies. (200 words)
297. Write short note on the following from a sociological perspective: Reliability and
Validity. (200 words)
298. Write short note on the following from a sociological perspective: Utility and
Reliability in Social Research. (200 words)
299. Write short note on the following from a sociological perspective: Comparative
method. (200 words)
300. Write short note on the following from a sociological perspective: Fact, value and
Objectivity. (200 words)

Sociology Expected Questions

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आदय करं ट अफेअस ऑनलाईन हॉसअॅप लासेस

IAS Mains Sociology 2016 Expected Questions

5. How is emergence of sociology linked with modernization of Europe?

8. How is sociological approach to human actions different from that of psychological

9. Sociology is a science of society.

10. The problem of objectivity in Sociology.

11. Bearing of research on theory.

12. Value neutrality in social science

13. Methods of science and sociology

16. Write short note: Impact of Islam on Indian society.

23. Pareto on social equilibrium.

24. Power and legitimacy

25. Role-set and role conflict.

26. Totemism and social solidarity

30. Reliability and validity.

31. Verstehen method.

32. Sources of hypothesis.

33. Survey research.

45. Social movements in post-independence India.

46. Industrialization and social change in India.

47. Role of religion in the traditional Indian society.

48. Unintended consequences of planned social change in India.

68. Write short notes on the following:(200 Words)

1. Varna and Jati.

2. Growing economic disparities despite development planning.

3. Slow progress of Scheduled caste despite Protective Discrimination.

1. Alienation in modern society.

2. “Value Problem” in sociological research.

3. “Social Action and Pattern variables.

4. Socialization and the Self.

1. Cultural lag and directed change.

2. Role of education in continuity and change.

3. Impact of property concepts on the nature of society.

4. Power of the elite and the masses in democratic societies.

1. Orthogenetic and heterogenetic factors of social change in India.

2. The changing position of woman in India.

(a) Acculturation and integration of tribal communities.

1. Continuity and change in India.

2. Agrarian and industrial class structure.

3. Intergenerational gap and youth unrest.

4. Decentralization of power and political participation.

1. Education and society mobility.

2. Direction of tribal change.

3. Socio-cultural dimensions of Indian villages

4. Westernization and modernization.

1. Participant observation and the problem of objectivity.

2. Functional prerequisites of society

3. Religious and scientific world views.

4. Family in industrial societies.

1. Bureaucracy and planned development.

2. Jajmani system as a form of exchange.

3. “Vote Banks” and the democratic process.

4. Secularization and social solidarity

1. Universalization and parochialisation in Indian civilization.

2. Bride and bridegroom price

3. The changing social composition of the political elite since Independence.

4. Unionization and the agrarian classes.

1. Religious minorities and national integration

2. Distinction between tribe castes.

3. Socio-cultural dimensions of infant mortality in India.

4. Women’s role in economic development.

(a) Report and objective in social science research.

(b) Alienation in developing societies.

(c) Change in sex roles and the socialization of children.

आदय करं ट अफेअस ऑनलाईन हॉसअॅप लासेस