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(A) would have met (B) shall have met (C) would meet (D) would have meeting
Ans: (A)
Exp: Conditional tense type three should be if clause (had+v3) and the main clause (would+have+v3)
02. In the following sentence certain parts are underlined and marked P, Q and R. One of the
parts may contain error or may not be acceptable in standard written communication.
Select the part containing an error. Choose D as your answer if there is no error.
They found that five prisoners escaped the previous night. No error
(P) (Q) (R) (D)
(A) P (B) Q
(C) R (D) No error
Ans: (B)
Exp: In part 'Q' it should be 'prisoners had escaped' because the earlier action of the past should be in
past perfect tense (had + v3).
03. The question below consists of a pair of related words followed by four pairs of words. Select
the pair that best expresses the relation in the original pair.
LAVA : VOLCANO ::
(A) ice : glass
(B) cascade : precipice
(C) steam : geyser
(D) avalanche : ice
Ans: (C)
Exp: (DEFINING CHARACTERISTIC) A volcano gives out lava (meaning molten rock); a geyser
(meaning a natural hot spring) gives out steam.
AS,
10 21 9 3 5
J U I C E
Same as,
20 15 25
T O Y
07. A postman walked 7 km north from the post office to reach Mr. Singh’s house. He then took a
left turn and walked 4 km to reach Mr. Kumar’s house. He then took a right turn and walked 3
km to reach Mr. Sharma’s house. The distance between Mr. Sharma’s and Mr. Singh’s house is
______
(A) 5 km (B) 6 km
(C) 4 km (D) 7 km
W E
B A (Mr. Singh’s house)
(Mr. Kumar’s house) 4 km
7 km
S
P
(Post office) starting point
We have to find the distance between A and C so, applying Pythagoras theorem,
AC2 = AB2 +BC2 = 16 + 9
AC2 = 25
AC = 25 = 5 cm
So, distance between Mr. Sharma’s and Mr. Singh’s house is 5 km.
Intelligent
(i)
(or) Leader
Case – II
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Believable
Intelligent
(ii)
Leader
10. A shopkeeper sells note books at the rate of ₹457 each and earns a commission of 4%. He also
sells pencil boxes at the rate of ₹80 each and earns a commission of 20%. How much amount of
commission will he earn in two weeks, if he sells 10 note books and 6 pencil boxes a day?
Ans: (D)
Sol: S.P of the note book = ₹457
4 457
Commission on one note book = ₹
100
10 4 457
and commission on 10 note books = = ₹ 182.80
100
and S.P of the pencil box = ₹80
80 20
Commission on one pencil box = ₹
100
80 20 6
Commission on 6 pencil boxes = = ₹96
100
Hence, total commission of one day = (182.80+96) = ₹ 278.80
Thus, total commission of two weeks = 278.80 14 = ₹3903.20
Option (A) is not correct
Option (B) is not correct
Option (C) is not correct
None of these is the answer
numbers 1 to 25 are of 1 mark each, while question numbers 26 to 55 are of 2 marks each
01. VG is the voltage applied across a MOS capacitor with a P-type Si substrate and a doping density
of 1017 cm–3. Thickness of the oxide layer is 3.5nm. If VG = VTH + 1V, where VTH is the
threshold voltage of the MOS capacitor. The areal inversion charge density is _____ (in
C/cm2). [Assume ox = 3.510–13 F/cm]
Ans: –1
Sol: VG = VTH + 1V
VG – VTH = 1V MOS capacitor is operating in inversion mode.
Q INV C ox VG VTH
ox
VG VTH
t ox
3.5 10 13
(1V)
3.5 10 7
= –10–6 C/cm2
= –1C/cm2
02. A parallel circuit consists of a 4F capacitor and a coil whose inductance and resistance are 2mH
& 10 respectively is connected to the output of a transistor acts as a current source as shown in
figure. Determine the value of Qcoil at resonance
Transistor
Is Rs coil C
(A) 5 (B) 3
(C) 1 (D) 2
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Ans: (D)
2 2
1 R 1 10
Sol: 0 0 3 6
3
LC L 2 10 4 10 2 10
0 L 10 4 2 10 3
Q coil 2
R 10
Distractor Logic
1 1 105
DLOA: 0 rad/sec
LC 2 10 3 4 10 6 80
0 L 10 5 2 10 3 200 20 5
Q coil 5
R 80 10 80 10 80 5
2
R R 10
DLOC: 0
L L 2 10 3
0 L 2 10 3 10
Q coil 1
R 10 2 10 3
03. Find the output produced by a Miller integrator in response to an input pulse of 1 V height and
1ms width. The op-amp is specified to saturate at 13V
t=0 10nF
Vin(V)
10k 1
–
V0
+
Vin +
– t (ms)
0 1
–10V
–10V
–13V
(C) V0 (D) V0
10V +13V
+10V
0V 1ms t 0V 1ms t
Ans: (A)
Sol:
10nF
+ Vc –
10k
–
(0V) V0
I +
1V
1
I A
10k V0 1ms
0 t
1
C
V0 = –Vc Idt
I –10V
t
C
1
( t )
10k
10nF
104 t
At, t = 1ms
V0 = –10410–3 = –10V
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Distractor Logic
DLOA: Option (A) is correct
DLOB: If the student forgets that the input is a pulse and assumes the ramp is increasing upto the
saturation level then option (B) will match which is wrong
DLOC: The student calculates the capacitor voltage and forgets the phase shift of V0
DLOD: If the student forgets that the input is a pulse and assumes the ramp is increasing upto the
saturation level and also neglecting the phase shift
04. Let X(k) be the even length N-point DFT of a real signal x(n). Then the number of DFT samples
that will be always real is ____________
Ans: 2
N 1 j 2 nk
Sol: DFT of x(n) is X(k ) x (n )e N
n 0
N 1
For even length ‘N’, X(0) x (n ) → always real
n 0
N N1
X x (n ) (1) n → always real
2 n 0
For even length ‘N’, only 2 samples are real
sin x
05. The mean value of Rolle's theorem for the function f ( x ) in [0, ] is _____ (in rad)
ex
Ans: 0.785 (Range 0.78 to 0.79)
Sol: By Rolle’s theorem,
f (c) 0
e c cos c sin c 0
cos c – sin c = 0
sin c
1
cos c
tan c = 1
c (0, )
4
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06. What is the value of RL and power, when maximum power transfer to RL for the following circuit
20V 40
120 RL
20 60
20V 40
120 VOC
60
Pmax
Vth2
10 2.5W
2
4 R th 4 10
Distractor Logic
DLOA: 12 , 2.5 W
Rth is wrong,
12
= 10
Vth2 (10) 2
Pmax 2.5 W is correct
4R th 4 10
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DLOB: Correct option
DLOC: 12 , 10 W
Rth is wrong,
Vth2 (10) 2
Pmax 10 W is wrong
R th 10
DLOD: 10 , 10 W
Rth is correct (60//120//40//20 = 10 )
Vth2 (10) 2
Pmax 10 W is wrong
R th 10
07. An amplifier designed using a MOSFET has the transfer characteristics V0 = 10–5(Vi–2)2, where
Vi and V0 are in volts. The transfer characteristic applies for 2 Vi V0+2 and V0 is positive.
The value of small signal voltage gain at a bias point where V0 = 5V is ______
Ans: –10
Sol: To obtain V0 = 5V, we bias Vi = 3V [5 = 10 – 5(Vi – 2)2, Vi = 3]
V0
Small signal voltage gain (Av) = 5 2(Vi 2)
Vi
= –10(3–2)
= –10(V/V)
3 1
08. If A then A100 = ?
2 3
(A) 1150 I (B) 11100 I
2 11 0
09. If X, Y are two random variables and joint pdf of X and Y is given by
x 2 y2
f XY ( x, y) ; x2 + y2 < b
8
= zero ; otherwise
The magnitude of ‘b’ is ___________
Ans: 4
Sol: f XY ( x, y) dx dy 1
b2 = 16
b=4
10. Consider a cylinder of radius R = 10cm and length L = 5m that is non-uniformly charged with
charge density (r) = 10–3 r2 C/m3. The cylinder rotates with uniform angular velocity ‘’ around
the z-axis, which is also the center axis of the cylinder as shown in figure. Then the current ‘I’ at
R
r is _________. (given = 103rad/sec)
2
z
= 103 rad/sec
L = 5m
r4 3
I(r ) L 10
4
R
at r
2
R 3
I r L 10
R4 3
10 5 10
3
10 10 2
5
10 4 = 0.078125 10–4
4
2 4 16 64 64
= 7.8125 A.
Distractor Logic
DLOA: If they consider linear velocity & angular velocity as same then v = = 103 rad/sec
Then J (r ) (r ) â
r r
r3
I(r ) L (r ) dr L 10 3 r 2 dr L 10 3
r 0 r 0
3
R
at r 5cm
2
I(r 5cm) 10 3 5
5 10 2 3
10 3
5 125 10 6
3 3
= 0.208mA
0.21mA
v(r ) r `r â
Then J (r ) (r ) r â
Then we get
I(r = 5cm) = –0.208mA –0.21mA
5S 5 S3 2S2 300S 55
(C) (D)
9.5S 9S2 10S 10
3
0.5S3 S2
Ans: (B)
1 S 11 6S
Sol: Parallel block combination 10
1 0.5S 1 0.5S
5 5 11 6S 55 30S
Above blocks are series with 2
S 2
S 1 0.5S S2 1 0.5S
55 30S
Simplified feedback
0.5S S2 255 30S
3
CS 30S 55
R S 0.5S S2 60S 110
3
60S 110
S 2S2 120S 220
3
12. A received signal is 1mV for Tb seconds time interval with equal probability. The signal is
corrupted by AWGN having two sided PSD of 10–10 (W/Hz). The receiver integrates the signal
plus noise synchronously for Tb seconds duration and decodes the signal by comparing the
integrator output with ZERO [Threshold value is ZERO in optimum receiver]. The maximum
signalling rate in bps such that the value of Pe = 10–4 is ___________
NOTE: Q [ 3.7] = 10–4
Ans: 730 (Range: 725 to 735)
Sol: The given receiver indicates the integrate and dump receiver optimized for getting minimum Pe.
The value of Pe is given by
Ed
Pe Q
2N0
S1(t) S2(t)
1mV 0 Tb
t
0 t –1mV
Tb
Tb
2mV
2
Ed dt 4 10 6 Tb
0
N0
10 10 W / Hz
2
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4 10 6 T
Pe Q 10
b
10 4
2 2 10
Q Tb 104 10 4 [ given Q(3.7) = 10–4 ]
T 10 3.7
b
4
1
rb = = 730.46 (bps)
Tb
13. The delay produced by the following 8085 microprocessor program is _______ (in terms of
number of T-states)
T -States
MVI A, 25H 7T
MVI B, 10H 7T
NOP 4T
NOP 4T
LOOP: SUB B 4T
XRA A 4T
JNZ LOOP 7T/10T
(false)/(true)
Ans: 37
Sol: MVI A, 25H 7T
MVI B, 10H 7T
NOP 4T
NOP 4T
LOOP: SUB B 4T
XRA A 4T
JNZ LOOP 7T/10T
(false)/(true)
XRA A makes Z = 1. Hence the condition is false for JNZ loop instruction.
Thus number of T-states are
7T + 7T + 4(4T) + 7T = 37T
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16 8
(A) (B)
2
16
(C) 2 (D)
2
Ans: (B)
Sol: X () X () e jX ( )
j
X() 2e 4
2 2
Inverse Fourier Transform is given by
1 jt
x (t ) X() e d
2
2
j j
2
j
2
1
2
j
2 e 4
e e 4
4
2 2
x (0) 2e 4
d
2 j 2
j
4 2 4
2j 8
2
2
j
4
Distractor Logic
1
DLOA: In the inverse Fourier Transform expression if we neglect , we will get answer (A)
2
DLOB: Correct option
DLOC: You may feel peak amplitude of the spectrum itself as x(0) answer (C)
1 1
DLOD: In the inverse Fourier Transform expression instead of , if we take will get answer (D)
2
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15. For the block diagram shown below, the magnitude of sensitivity ST at = 0.1 rad/sec for = 2
is ___________.
R(S) + 1 C(S)
– S S 1
T / T T S2 S
ST 2
/ T S S
16. An air filled rectangular waveguide of dimension ab (a > b), propagated in dominant mode has
a guide wavelength of 4cm for a frequency of 9GHz. The value of ‘a’ (in cm) of the wave guide
is _____.
Ans: 3 (Range: 2.8 to 3.2)
Sol: g = 4cm, f = 9GHz, m = 1, n = 0
c 3 1010
Wavelength 3.33cm
f 9 109
3.33 (3.33) 2
Guided wavelength, g 4 16 2
2
3.33
2
3.33
1 1 1
c
c
c
c = 6.01cm
2 2a
Cut off wavelength, c
2
m n
2 m
a b
c 6.01
a 3 cm
2 2
a 3 cm
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17. Implement f ( x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) x1 x 3 x 4 x1 x 3 x 4 x 2 x 3 x 4 using a 8:1 MUX and x4, x 4 are
available.
When x1 x2 x3 are given as selection lines
(A) I0 = 0, I1 = 1, I 2 x 4 , I3 = 1 (B) I0 = 1, I1 = x 4 , I 2 x 4 , I3 = 0
I 4 x 4 , I5 x 4 , I 6 0 , I7 x 4 I4 0 , I5 x 4 , I6 0 , I7 x 4
Ans: (D)
Sol: f ( x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) = x 1 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 1 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4
m(14, 10, 5, 1, 8, 0)
m(0, 1, 5, 8, 10, 14) 1 I0
0 I1
x4 I2 8:1
0 I3 MUX
x4 I4
x4 I5
0 I6
x4 I 7 s2 s1 s0
x1 x2 x3
x1x2x3
x4 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 x4 0 x4 x4 0 x4
Distractor Logic
DLOA: If consider the minterms as maxterms i.e., f = M(0, 1, 5, 8, 10, 14)
DLOB: Even though they have taken x1 as MSB, they connect selection lines s2s1s0 as x3x2x1
DLOC: If consider selection lines s2s1s0 as x3x2x1 respectively i.e., considering x4 as MSB
DLOD: Correct option
+2
R
Rin
(A) (B) –R
R
(C) R (D)
4
Ans: (A)
Sol: The circuit offers negative resistance
R
By considering Miller’s effect the input resistance of the Op-Amp is given by
1 A
R
R
R
1 2
Now the input resistance of the given circuit is
R –R
R (R )
R in
R R Rin
Distractor Logic
DLOA: Correct answer
DLOB: If the student forgets the parallel resistance R
DLOC: Student assumes unity gain and applies miller effect formula
R
R Miller
0
R// = R
f 3 f1 f 2
The function f3 consists of all the min-terms of function f1 and f2
f3 m(0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,10,12,13,14,15)
f3 = M (1, 3, 5,11)
Distractor Logic
Ans: (A)
Sol: The singular point z = = 3.14 lies inside the circle C: | z –1| = 3
cos z
z dz = 2if()
c
where f(z) = cos z
= 2icos()
= –2i
What is P x 2
x
–2 x=0 2
2 0
Px 2 1 Q 1 Q(2) 1 1 Q(2) Q(2)
1
Px 2 Q(2)
P | x | 2 Px 2 Px 2
P | x | 2 2Q(2)
Distractor Logic
Distractor Logic
DLOA: If you feel shifting doesn’t affect, then the DFT of x(n+6) is X(k). So, answer is (A)
DLOB: If you feel after circular shifting, the answer may be flipped version of X[k] answer is (B)
DLOD: While doing the mistake in simplification of (–1)kX(k). Then option (D) is correct
23. Suppose ‘X’ is a poisson random variable and E(X2) = 6 then P(X 1.2) is
(A) 2e–2
(B) 3e–3
(C) 3e–2
(D) 2e–3
Ans: (C)
Sol: V(X) = E(X2) – (E(X))2
= 6 – 2 where is the mean of poisson distribution
2 + –6 = 0
=2
Thus P(X1.2) = P(X=0) + P(X=1) = e–2 + 2e–2 = 3e–2
R(S) + K C(S)
–
S 2S 4 S2 6S 25
S4 1 69 K + 200
S3 12 198 0
S2 52.5 K+200 0
– V1 + – V2 +
D1 D2
– +
5V
(A) 5V (B) 0V
(C) 0.018V (D) 4.982V
Ans: (D)
Sol: The current flowing through D1 and D2 is I0 as the diode D1 is in reverse biased
Consider D2:
I I 0 e V / VT 1
I = I0 and V= V2
I 0 I 0 e V2 / VT 1
V2 = VT ln(2) = 0.018V
V1 = 5 – 0.018 = 4.982V
Distractor Logic
DLOA: If we assume D1 is in complete reverse biased and open circuited then we will find this answer
DLOB: If we assume D1 is in complete forward biased and short circuited then we will find this answer
DLOC: If we assume D1 is in complete forward biased and I = I0 then we will find this answer
DLOD: True
qs q s
EC EC
EFS Eg/2
qBN
EI EI
|qVFB| Eg/2
EV, EFM EV,
qm = q s + Eg
Eg
qs q s q BN
2
Eg
q m qs q BN
2
Eg
VFB m s BN
2q
N 1018
BN VT ln D 0.026 ln 0.47 V
10
ni 1.5 10
E 1.12eV
VFB g BN 0.47 1.03V
2q 2q
27. Consider the following circuit. If the network is operating with 0.6 lagging p.f, determine RX
value and power dissipated by the circuit
Coil(1)
XL1 6 R1=2
+
V(t) =70.7sin377t RX
– XL2 2 R2=1
Coil(2)
Rx = 3
V 70.7 / 2 50
I 5A
Z 6 j8 10
P = I2 = (5)2 (2+1+3)
= 150W
Distractor Logic
DLOD: None
29. Consider given op-amp is ideal and the transistors are matched.
The voltage Vx (in Volts) across resistor 1 k is _____ (given Vt = 25 mV and is large)
+
5k Vx 1k
– +10V
–
+
V0
201.2
–10V
Q1
Q2
I
VBE 2 Vt ln C 2
IS
V0 VBE 1
But I c1 ,
1k
V0 VBE 1
Ic 2
5k
I c1 5k
Ic 2 1k
5k 5k
Vx (25m) ln
201.2 1k
= 0.9998 V
Input x
Distractor Logic
DLOA: Next state are (a) 00 and (b) 11
If the input x is taken as LSB of demux then selection lines s2s1s0 values become 011 and 010
respectively
system due to the input 4cos(2t) is observed to be kcos(2t+), then the value of ‘k’ is _______
Ans: 2.236 (Range: 2.0 to 2.5)
Sol: Given x(t) = 4cos(2t). So, 0 = 2 rad/sec
2 2(2 j) 2 4j 1 2j 1 j
H(s) s j0 = 0.559 26.6o
j2 (2 j) 4( j2) 4
2
8j 4j 2 4
32. A left circularly polarized wave travelling in the positive z-direction is received by an elliptically
polarized antenna whose reception characteristics near the main lobe is given by
EA = (2 â x jâ y ) f(r,,), then the polarization loss factor is ______ dB.
Ans: –10
Sol: Wave is left circularly polarized
So EW = E0 â x jâ y e–jz
â x jâ y
Unit vector of the wave, ˆ W
2
2â x jâ y
Unit vector of the electric field of the receiving antenna, ˆ A
5
2
2 â x jâ y 2â x jâ y 1
Polarization loss factor (PLF) ˆ W .ˆ A .
2 5 10
1
PLF (dB) =10log 10dB
10
40
Ans: 0.5
Sol:
1:n
1 1:2
40
A B 1 0
For transformer, ABCD Parameters matrix is n
C D 0 n
By Using Cascade Connection
1 1 1 1 0
0 1
[T] = [T1] [T2] [T3] 2
1
0 1 0
2 40
0.55 2
0.05 2
V1 = 0.55 V2 – 2I2
I1 = 0.05 V2 – 2I2
V1
h12
V2 I1 0
2I2 = 0.05 V2
V1 = 0.55V2 – 0.05V2 = 0.5V2
V1
h12 0.5
V2
2 Pmn
Where, (where Pmn = normalized message signal power)
1 2 Pmn
Pm 16 4
Pmn (where Pm = message signal power)
max | m( t ) | 36 9
2
S PT 108
N b WN 0
PT 10 8 P
12
T [Note ∵ PR = PT attenuation = PT 10–8]
10 2 10
4
2
S
0.82 4 P
9 T
N 2 4
0 0.8 1 2
9
S P
0.22 T 10
5
N 0 2
S
50(dB)
N 0
PT ≃ 909 (kW)
10A I0
Q1 Q3
Q2 R
I
VBE = Vt ln
Is
I
VBEX VBEY Vt ln 1 [in general]
I2
10
VBEX – 0.7 = 25(mV) ln
1m
VBEX = 0.5848V = VBE 2
VBE
R
I0
0.5848
58.48k
10
Distractor Logic
DLOB: If we had taken the formula for concentration of un-ionized atoms as f(Ea)NA, then we might
have got this answer
DLOC: True
DLOD: If we had taken the formula for concentration of un-ionized atoms as (1+f(Ea)NA), then we
might have got this answer
= i y 2 z j 2xyz 4z 2 k xy 2 8 yz
()P = (–4) i + (0) j + (–12) k
Now the directional derivative of the function (x, y, z) in the direction of a vector a at the point
P = ()P .
a
= 4 i 0 j 12 k .
i 2 j k =
41 0 2 121
|a| 1 2 1
2 2 2
1 4 1
16
=
6
2s 1
38. An analog filter transfer function H(s) is to be converted to digital filter sampled at
s 5s 4
2
2Hz using impulse-invariant method. The digital filter transfer function observed to be
2z 2 1.6843z
H(z) . Then ‘’ is _________
z 2 z 0.0831
2s 1 3 1
Sol: H(s)
(s 1)(s 4) s 4 s 1
1 1
Using impulse-invariant method Ts 1
s 1 e z
K S 5
39. A unity feedback control system has an OLTF G S . The root locus of complex roots
S 12
are part of a circle. The radius of the circle is _______.
Ans: 4
Sol: To get radius of circle, we required break points.
dK
Break point are obtained by 0
dS
CE 1 G S 0
K S 5
1 0
S 12
S 1 K S 5 0
2
K
S2 2S 1
S 5
dK 2S 2S 5 S2 2S 1
0
dS S 52
–[2S2 + 2S + 10S + 10 – S2 – 2S – 1] = 0
–[S2 + 10S + 9] = 0
(S+1)(S+9) = 0 Break points are = –1, –9
1 9
Centre 5, (mid point of Break points)
2
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: 42 : ECE
Centre (–5, 0)
Radius is distance between centre to breaks points.
BP –5 BP
–9 –1
r =4 r =4
Radius = 4
40. Three different dielectrics of permittivities 40, 90, and 30 are defined in the space as shown
in figure. If the uniform plane wave is incident on the plane x = –6m, then the time it will take to
strike the interface between dielectric (2) and dielectric (3) is ____ nano second.
3 108
v P3 1 108 m / s
r
3
t2 =210–8 sec =20ns
3
108
2
2
t3 =210–8 sec =20ns
1 108
41. An abrupt Si pn-junction with NA = 1018cm–3 and ND = 1017 cm–3 is maintained at T = 300K.
The minority carrier lifetimes in the p-side and n-side are n = 10–8s and p =10–17 s, respectively.
The concentration of holes injected at the edge of depletion layer on the n-side when a forward
bias of 0.6V is applied will be _____ 1013 cm–3 [Assume VT = 26mV at T = 300 K]
Ans: 2.37 (Range: 2.20 to 2.50)
Sol: ND = 1017 cm–3 n n 0
n i2 2.25 10 20
Pn 0 17
= 2.25 103 cm–3
n n0 10
Pne Pn 0 e VF VT
42. Identify the voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) of the given inverting Schmitt trigger
circuit, assuming VD(ON) = 0.7V and Vsat = 6.7V. Assume Op-Amp is ideal
6.7V
– V0 D1
+ +
Vin – 1k
–6.7V D2 1k
1k
1k
–3V +3V Vi Vi
–3.35V 3.35V
–6.7V –6.7V
(C) (D) V0
V0
6.7V
+6V
Vi
–2V +2V
–2V +2V Vi
–6.7V
–6V
Ans: (D)
Sol: Assume V0 = +6.7V
D1 (6V)
D1 FB, D2 RB 6.7V
1k
6(0.5k ) +
VP 2V
1k 0.5k
1k 1k VP
–
If Vin > 2V then V0 switches to –6.7V
D2 (–6V)
–6.7V
1k
+
1k 1k VP
–
DLOC: Students who calculate correctly, but mismarking the saturation limit as 6V instead of 6.7V
43. The given ideal ammeter reading magnitude, if it reads RMS value in Amperes, is ______
(Given voltage source values are RMS values)
12
– A
–j2 100900
+
I1 I2 4
+ 0
– 100–90 –j4
I3
j3
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: 46 : ECE
Ans: 25
Sol: Ammeter RMS value is I2 12
– A
–j2 100900
+
I1 I2 4
By KVL for I2 loop
+ 0
(12+4)I2 – j4(I2–I3) + 10090 = 0 – 100–90 –j4
(16–j4)I2 + j4I3 + j100 = 0……… (1) I3
44. For the system shown in figure, the peak overshoot and percentage of peak overshoot to unit step
input are
R(S) + 20 C(S)
– S 4S 5
2
Distractor Logic
CS 20
DLOA: If TF, 2 , then
R S S 4S 5
Mp = 0.00756
% Mp = 0.189%
20
DLOC: Correct option CLTF 2
S 4S 25
Mp = 0.203
% Mp = 25.38%
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 0
Distractor Logic
DLOA: 0H = 00002
If the sum is computed then FH + 1H = 0H with cy = 1.
DLOC: EH = 11102
And consider that only 1 output bit is changed then
If they perform addition as 1 1 1 1
+1
1 1 1 0
DLOD: CH = 11002
After addition if they consider that first two output bits are changed
1 1
(A) (B)
2 6
1 1
(C) (D)
4 3
Ans: (B)
3 1
Sol: P(m1 ) , P(m 2 )
4 4
Given noise is uniformly distributed between [–1.5(V) to 1.5(V)]
f(n) =1/3
–1.5 0 1.5
n in V
Noise algorithm:
At comparator input if m 1 n v 0 [m 1 is decoded as m 2 ]
–1(V) + nv > 0
1/3 Pe (m 2 /m1 )
n v 1(V)
n(V)
0.5 –1.5 0 1V 1.5
Pe (m 2 /m1 )
3
n(V)
–1.5 –1V 0 1.5
3 0.5 1 0.5 1
Pe
4 3 4 3 6
Distractor Logic
1/3
3 1 1 1
Pe 1.5 1.5 n(V)
4 3 4 3 –1.5 0 1.5
3 1 1 1
Pe
4 2 4 2
1
Pe
2
1/2
–1.5 0 1.5
3 0.5 1 0.5
Pe
4 2 4 2
1
Pe
4
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: 52 : ECE
DLOD: Wrong answer
If student does the noise algorithm correctly but forgets to take the P(m1) and P(m2) then
0.5 0.5
Pe
3 3
1 1 1
Pe
6 6 3
C(pF)
70
VGB(V)
–0.25 V 0.7 V
100 10 3.5 10
4 2 13
70 10 12
= 5 10–7 cm
= 5nm
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: 53 : ECE
Distractor Logic
DLOB: If we would have taken the final answer to be in SI units instead of CGS
DLOC: If we would have taken the final answer to be in SI units instead of CGS
W
48. Given transconductance parameter k = n C ox 1 mA / V 2 . If the transistors are matched, then
L
the value of V0 is (in Volts) ______
+10V
Q4 Q3
V0
Q1 Q2
Ans: 5
Sol: VG 2 VD 2
(VGS2 Vt ) 2
Q2 is in saturation I D 2 k
2
VGS2 VGS3 (∵ I D 2 I D3 )
VGS1 VGS4 ( ∵ I D1 I D 4 )
10 = VGS3 VGS2
49. A linear time invariant system is characterized by the homogeneous state equations
0 1 x1
x 1
x 2 1 2 x 2
1 t e t te t 1 t e t te t
(C) (D)
te
t
1 t e t te
t
1 te t
Ans: (B)
Adj.SI A
Sol: State transition matrix = eAt L1 SI A L1
1
SI A
0 1 S 1
A SI A
1 2 1 S 2
S 2 1 S 2 1
S 12
e At L1 S 2S 1 S 2S 1 L1
2 2 S 12 1 t e t
te t
1 S 1 S te t 1 t e t
2
S 2S 1 S 2S 1
2
S 12 S 12
Distractor Logic
S 1
S 12 S 12 , then eAt become option A
DLOA: If AdjSI A
1 S 2
S 12 S 12
DLOB: Correct Option
c(t)
0.2510–3
1
t(s)
10–3 0
What must be the value of ‘fm’ (in Hz) that has to be ensured so that x(t) can be recovered from
the product x(t) c(t) obtained using an ILPF (Ideal Low pass filter)?
–fm 0 fm f (Hz)
1 n n
Cf 0.25 10 3
sin c 0.25 10 3 3 f 3
10 3 n 10 10
Cf 0.25 sin c0.25n f n 10 3
n
Sf 0.25 sin c n / 4X f n 103
n
X f 103 .........
2 2
Sf 0.25 1 Xf 0.25
at n 0
at n 1
S(f)
0.25 2 2
0.25
Difference>0
–fm fm 103–fm 103 103+fm f (Hz)
0
Distractor Logic
51. If the Nyquist rate for x(t) is s, then find the Nyquist rate of x2(2t).
Ans: (A)
s
Sol: From the given data the maximum frequency of x(t) is
2
X()
s
s
2 2
1
x (2t ) X
2 2
X
2
–s s
1 1 1
Y() X X
2 2 2 2 2
1
Y() X X
8 2 2
Y()
–2s 2s
Distractor Logic
s
DLOB: While drawing the spectrum of X() if we consider maximum frequency as , then
4
option (B) is correct.
DLOC: While drawing the spectrum of X() if we consider maximum frequency as is s , then
DLOD: If we think that the Nyquist Rate of x(t) and x2(2t) is same then option (D) is correct.
Vmax=4
Vmin=1
0
8cm 1
cm
1 L
VSWR 4
1 L
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: 60 : ECE
4 4 L 1 L
3 5 L
3
L 0.6 ………(2)
5
Distractor Logic
DLOA: If they take the distance from Vmax to Vmax as ‘’ then = 8cm,
L 1cm 4 180 o
Vmax1 = L
4 8cm
L = 90o
VSWR = 4, L 0.6
o
L 0.6 e j90 j 0.6
L j 0.6
1 j 0 .6 130.96
Z L 100 100
1 j 0 .6 329
100 298o = 46.94 + j88.29
L (16cm)
8cm
1cm 4cm 2
4 180 o 16cm
3cm 4 180 o
L
16cm
L 135o
L 0.424 1 j
0.576 j 0.424
Z L 100 1000.4814 307.02
1.424 j 0.424
ZL = 28.98 – j38.43
d2y dy
53. The particular integral of 2x 2 2
3x 3y x 3 is ________.
dx dx
x3 x3
(A) (B)
6 12
x3 x3
(C) (D)
16 18
Ans: (D)
Sol: The given Euler-Cauchy's form can be converted to
d
2D(D – 1)y + 3Dy – 3y = e3z (where D = , x = ez & z = log x)
dz
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: 62 : ECE
(2D2 + D – 3)y = e3z
e 3z
yp =
2D 2 D 3
e3z
=
2D 3D 1
e3z e3z x3
= = =
6 33 1 18 18
Correct answer is option (D)
54. For the following circuit if X, Y are initially at 0 and 1 respectively. A square pulse is given at
input ‘X’ which has a transition of ‘0’ to ‘1’ at t = 10 ns having a pulse width of 80ns. The
propagation delays of NOT, AND gates are 5ns, 10ns respectively. Then the number of
transitions at the output ‘Z’ are ________ .
Y Z
Ans: 6
Sol:
X
10 90
Y
25 40 55 70 85 100
Z
20 35 50 65 80 95
=1–
1 = 1 – 0.5 = 0.5
2
f x 1
x2 = x1 –
f x1
0.625
= 0.5 – = 0.6471
4.25